EP1356687A2 - Mise a disposition de services clec a clec - Google Patents

Mise a disposition de services clec a clec

Info

Publication number
EP1356687A2
EP1356687A2 EP02709943A EP02709943A EP1356687A2 EP 1356687 A2 EP1356687 A2 EP 1356687A2 EP 02709943 A EP02709943 A EP 02709943A EP 02709943 A EP02709943 A EP 02709943A EP 1356687 A2 EP1356687 A2 EP 1356687A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clec
service
cross
connect
provisioning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02709943A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joe Teixeira
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NHC Communications Inc
Original Assignee
NHC Communications Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/772,961 external-priority patent/US6470074B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/058,274 external-priority patent/US20030142811A1/en
Application filed by NHC Communications Inc filed Critical NHC Communications Inc
Publication of EP1356687A2 publication Critical patent/EP1356687A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H04M11/062—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors using different frequency bands for speech and other data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
    • H04L41/0806—Configuration setting for initial configuration or provisioning, e.g. plug-and-play
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0889—Techniques to speed-up the configuration process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/5041—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements characterised by the time relationship between creation and deployment of a service
    • H04L41/5054—Automatic deployment of services triggered by the service manager, e.g. service implementation by automatic configuration of network components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
    • H04L12/6418—Hybrid transport
    • H04L2012/6424—Access arrangements
    • H04L2012/6427—Subscriber Access Module; Concentrator; Group equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/02—Standardisation; Integration
    • H04L41/0213—Standardised network management protocols, e.g. simple network management protocol [SNMP]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to systems and methods for
  • provisioning telecommunications services and, more particularly, to provisioning
  • LECs incumbent local exchange carriers
  • each ILEC controlled remotely and centrally by each ILEC.
  • CLECs Competitive Local Exchange Carrier
  • ILECs The order requires ILECs to provision cross-connects between CLECs in
  • the ILECs have already committed human resources to providing services for CLEC collocation and provisioning and have often complained of not being able to keep up with the added provisioning demands placed on them by the
  • CLECs may use to interconnect CLECs that fits into existing telecommunications
  • embodiments of the present invention is deployed between the CLECs and outbound lines in order to automate CLEC service provisioning, ELEC service provisioning and CLEC to CLEC service provisioning thus allowing ILECs to conform with new and existing FCC regulations in an efficient and cost effective
  • a cross connect physical layer switching system is integrated into each ILEC central office (CO) or other point of presence.
  • the cross connect physical layer switching system may be used to facilitate aspects of delivering data services, such as digital subscriber line (DSL) service, to subscribers over a shared data and voice line.
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the cross connect physical layer switching system may be used for service provisioning, test access for loop qualification, service migration and fallback switching to help reduce the deployment and maintenance time for high-speed data services.
  • the cross connect physical layer switching system maybe placed between a splitter and the shared line to allow a remote test unit to be controllably connected to the shared line to permit testing of the shared line by the CLEC and
  • CLEC service provisioning is performed by the cross connect physical layer
  • the remote terminal operated by the ILEC.
  • control allows the provisioning of CLEC to CLEC services, CLEC services
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art telecommunications system
  • Fig. 2 is an exemplary block diagram of telecommunications system
  • Fig. 3 is an exemplary flow diagram of a process of operation of the present
  • Fig. 4 depicts a method for providing shared line access for data and voice
  • Fig. 5 is an exemplary block diagram of a network management system
  • Fig. 6 is an exemplary block diagram of a cross connect switch shown in
  • Fig. 7 shows an exemplary matrix board included in the cross connect
  • Fig. 8 shows an example of cross point connection in the matrix board
  • Fig. 9 shows an exemplary cross point connection pin used to establish a
  • Fig. 10 shows an exemplary robotic cross connector included in the cross
  • Fig. 11 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus that verifies proper
  • Fig. 12 shows an example of matrix boards in relation to the robotic cross
  • Figs. 13 - 18 illustrate some standard 3 dimensional connection paths, which
  • Fig. 19 is an exemplary embodiment of a cross connect switch within a
  • central office for automating CLEC to CLEC interconnection.
  • Fig. 20 is an exemplary embodiment of an arrangement for controlling cross
  • Fig. 21 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a method for controlling CLEC
  • Fig. 19 depicts an embodiment of CLEC to CLEC provisioning according to
  • a ILEC central office 1900 Referring to Fig. 19, a ILEC central office 1900
  • the equipment 1930 includes a plurality of collocated CLEC equipment 1930.
  • the equipment 1930 includes a plurality of collocated CLEC equipment 1930.
  • the equipment includes a plurality of ports for providing services.
  • the equipment includes a plurality of ports for providing services.
  • the equipment includes a plurality of ports for providing services.
  • the equipment 1930 is a digital subscriber line access
  • the DSLAM may be of the ADSL, SDSL, HDSL
  • the central office 1900 includes amain distribution frame 1955 that is
  • POTS plain old telephone service
  • a SDLS line couples the central office 1900 to the PC 1915;
  • POTS/ADSL line couples the central office to a telephone 1920 and a PC 1925
  • the ILEC and the CLECs have a plurality of ports that
  • the cross connect switch 1905 are coupled to the cross connect switch 1905.
  • the cross connect switch 1905 is coupled to the cross connect switch 1905.
  • cross connect switch may make several different types of connections to facilitate
  • CLEC to CLEC coupling various types of CLEC to CLEC coupling (as well as CLEC to ILEC coupling and
  • the cross connect may be controlled to
  • Tins may be
  • the cross connect switch 1905 maybe controlled to form an external loop
  • cross connect switch 1905 maybe used to
  • CLECs may decide to interconnect ports of their respective equipment 1930.
  • the interconnection may allow one CLEC to expand its DSL service offering by leasing, for example, capacity from another CLEC.
  • the leased capacity may
  • the interconnection may also be performed to reflect the
  • Fig. 20 depicts a network view of a remote control aspect of the cross
  • a network operations center Referring to Fig. 20, a network operations center
  • NOC is a centrally located facility that includes a CMS client 2025, a CMS
  • the solution is directed to remotely provisioning between CLEC Collocation
  • ControlPoint under the name ControlPoint and will be referred to as such from this point forward.
  • ControlPoint consists of three primary components, the "CMS
  • the system allows an ILEC provisioning operator to control the cross-connect matrix at a distance via the CMS Client GUI software, from a central Network Operating Center (NOC)
  • NOC Network Operating Center
  • the CMS Client 2025 is used by the ILEC to issue commands. Typically there will be more
  • the commands are specific commands to connect one ore more
  • the Client 2025 may access a CMS database
  • the Client may graphically represent
  • provisioning changes is then issued as a command by the Client 2025.
  • Agent Server 2040 One CMS Agent Server 2040 may handle many CMS
  • the CMS Remote may be serially connected to the ControlPoint cross-connect (3 cross-connects are shown coupled in series and
  • -SI- may be connected to a single CMS Remote) and send the matrix the commands
  • the system may be connected in parallel to the cross connect switching matrix.
  • protocol is designed to communicate back and forth in order to ensure data
  • the CMS remote 2015 Upon successful completion of a connection, the CMS remote 2015 returns
  • the database reflects the current configuration of the cross connect switch.
  • the NOC may be located in a single place that is used to control a plurality of
  • the client systems may be distributed
  • Fig. 21 depicts a method of automatically forming cross connections
  • the method includes
  • DSLAM equipment may be DSLAM equipment or other switching or routing equipment.
  • the CLECs may communicate this request in any manner to personnel at the
  • the request may be generated automatically and sent, for example, from an
  • step 2110 personnel of the ILEC define the service change request to
  • infonnation stored in the database may present a graphical depiction or other convenient
  • the service 2025 may then interact with the system to define the service change.
  • change may be a CLEC to CLEC connection, a CLEC to ILEC connection, a
  • step 2120 the client system issues a command to the cross connect for
  • the command may be transmitted across the
  • step 2130 the cross connect forms the connection in response to the command.
  • step 2140 service
  • lines from the central office may be shared by a
  • the shared line may also be used to provide shared service
  • the ILEC company 100 includes a switch 101 coupled
  • the telephone switch 101 connects calls
  • the switch also connects incoming calls from the communications
  • the ILEC company permits a CLEC company 104 to provide co-located
  • the data services may be, for example, digital subscriber line services (DSL)
  • DSL digital subscriber line services
  • ADSL Asymmetric DSL
  • ADSL reserves a portion of
  • ADSL is aimed primarily at the residential market.
  • DSL Symmetric DSL
  • SDSL is better suited to business
  • the CLEC 104 may deploy a digital subscriber line access multiplexer
  • the DSLAM 106 is a system that links customer DSL connections
  • the IP network is the Internet, but may be any public
  • the splitter 108 is
  • the shared line 117 is
  • the splitter typically that portion of the shared line 117 received from the MDF.
  • Another splitter 112 is conventionally used at the subscriber premises to create a shared line.
  • Another splitter 112 is conventionally used at the subscriber premises to create a shared line.
  • a remote test unit 115 is conventionally used by ILECs to test a remote test unit 115 to determine whether a remote test unit 115 is used by ILECs.
  • the remote test unit 115 performs narrow band testing of the local loop.
  • the remote test unit 115 performs narrow band testing of the local loop.
  • a cross-connect switch 210 such as the
  • CONTROLPOINT TM switch available from NHC may be implemented to
  • cross-connect and cross-connect switch are intended to mean any combination thereof
  • the CONTROLPOINT solution may be deployed for DSL test access for local loop qualification, provisioning, migration and fallback switching.
  • the CONTROLPOINT solution is intended to work with
  • the CONTROLPOINT cross-connect hardware has a matrix size
  • loopback capabilities that allow multiple services to be provisioned and migrated
  • the CLEC has the ability to use any available port on the DSLAM for fallback
  • the CONTROLPOINT solution is managed via two-key elements:
  • CONTROLPOINT CMS 222 and 229 is the control and management software forNHCs CONTROLPOINT Solution. Elements 222 and
  • NMS network management systems
  • CONTROLPOINT CMS 222 and 229 communicate with
  • CONTROLPOINT CMS controls and tracks the physical connections
  • CONTROLPOINT CMS features an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) for greater ease of use. Port connections involve a simple drag &
  • CONTROLPOINT CMS is able to query the CMS Database which tracks
  • CONTROLPOINT CMS Remote is the SNMP control interface for NHC's
  • CONTROLPOINT cross-connect 210 to be managed via NHC's
  • NMS Network Management System
  • Remote is connected to an Ethernet LAN and is accessible via standard SNMP,
  • TCP or similar commands support for TLl and CORBA may also be possible.
  • the CONTROLPOINT CMS Remote connects to CONTROLPOINT cross- connect via serial link.
  • the device receives standard SNMP, TCP or similar
  • cross-connect switch 210 and its controllers are hereafter referred to generically. Also, the terms cross-connect switch and cross-
  • the cross-connect 210 may be placed between the MDF 223 and the
  • the cross-connect 210 may also be placed between the DSLAM 206
  • the data service access to which is provided through the
  • DSLAM 206 is controllably connected through the cross-connect 210 to the
  • the splitter 208 back through cross-connect 210 and to the shared line 217.
  • the shared line 217 extends through the MDF 223 to the customer premises equipment
  • the splitter 224 provides the high frequency data
  • the telephone switch 202 of the ILEC 200 is coupled to the low frequency portion of the splitter 208, which is also maintained by the ILEC.
  • the ILEC is used by the ILEC for narrow band testing of the local loop, may be coupled to
  • the RTU 211 used by the CLEC 204 may be controllably
  • a network management system (NMS) or other terminals 222 or 229 may be any network management system (NMS) or other terminals 222 or 229.
  • NMS network management system
  • LAN local area network
  • wide area network a proprietary network, such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network
  • the terminals 222 or 229 can control the configuration and operation of
  • the cross-connect 210 over the network 230 and can determine the status and
  • cross connect switch 210 over network 230.
  • the terminals 222 and 229 may be coupled to a
  • controller 220 that controls the making of connections within the cross-connect
  • the terminals 222 and 229 may be remotely located from the ILEC CO 200
  • terminals 222 and 229 may provide remote control of testing by the CLEC 204.
  • the terminals 222 and 229 may be used to send commands to the controller 220 to
  • the 229 may also send commands to the RTU 211 (possibly via the controller 220).
  • the commands sent to the controller may include a command to comiect the RTU
  • commands sent to the RTU may include commands to monitor a shared line 217
  • the commands may be sent directly to
  • the RTU 211 or may be sent via the controller 220.
  • the controller will cause the RTU 211 to connect to the shared line 217 and
  • the RTU 211 will conduct a monitoring test to determine whether the line is on or
  • Fig. 3 depicts an embodiment of the invention in which the cross-connect 210, the splitter 208 and the RTU 211 are part of the CLEC 204 rather than the
  • ILEC This scheme and other variations may be implemented depending on the division of responsibilities between the CLEC 204 and the ILEC 200. In general,
  • the LLEC or the CLEC may control any of the functional elements depicted in
  • Fig. 4 depicts a method of providing full spectrum test access for a data
  • step 400 a data path separate from
  • a voice path is provided in a telecommunications facility such as a central office.
  • the data path may be a path to a DSLAM 206 for providing DSL service.
  • a splitter 208 is provided that couples the separate data and voice paths with a
  • a cross connect switch 210 or loop management system is provided.
  • the data path may be coupled to the splitter through the cross-connect
  • step 430 the output
  • step 440 if a test of a shared line is not required, then step 440 begins
  • step 450 begins. In step 450, the
  • terminal 222, 229 or other entity issues a command to the controller 220 to
  • step 460 the RTU 211 monitors the shared line
  • step 460 is
  • Step 460 protects the ILEC from having its voice service disturbed by the CLEC
  • the ILECs have a major
  • step 470 the RTU 211 conducts full spectrum testing of the shared line
  • the controller 220 may signal the cross
  • step 480 the RTU 211 returns the results of the testing to an operator.
  • This step may occur by the RTU 211 outputting the results to a display or
  • controller 220 hi step 480, the controller 220 may also signal the cross connect
  • An exemplary block diagram of a network management system 500 An exemplary block diagram of a network management system 500
  • system 500 is typically a programmed general-purpose computer system, such as a
  • Network management system 500 includes processor (CPU) 502, input/output circuitry 504, network adapter 506, and memory 508.
  • CPU 502 CPU 502
  • CPU 502 is a microprocessor, such as an INTEL
  • PENTIUM® or similar processor may also be a minicomputer or mainframe
  • Input/output circuitry 504 provides the capability to input data to, or output data from, computer system 500. For example, input/output
  • circuitry may include input devices, such as keyboards, mice, touchpads,
  • trackballs such as scanners, etc.
  • output devices such as video adapters, monitors,
  • Network adapter 506 interfaces network management system 500 with network 510.
  • Network 510
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • Ethernet As Ethernet, Token Ring, the Internet, or a private or proprietary LAN/WAN, but
  • IP network 230 is the Internet.
  • Memory 508 stores program instructions that are executed by, and data that
  • CPU 502 are used and processed by, CPU 502 to perform the functions of the present
  • Memory 508 may include electronic memory devices, such as random-ray
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • PROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • flash memory etc.
  • electro-mechanical memory such as
  • IDE integrated drive electronics
  • EIDE enhanced IDE
  • UDMA ultra direct memory access
  • SCSI small computer system interface
  • FC-AL arbitrated loop
  • Memory 508 includes a plurality of blocks of data, such as Loop
  • LMS Management System
  • LMS database 512 stores information relating to cross connect
  • Processing routines 516 are software routines
  • Operating system 518 provides
  • Switch 600 includes matrix boards 602A and 602B, robotic cross connector 604, control circuitry 606, processor 608 and communication adapter
  • Matrix boards 602A and 602B an example of which is shown in more detail
  • Each pin such as pin 900, shown in Fig. 9, has two metal contacts 902 A and 902B on the shaft, which create the comiection between a pair of input circuits
  • Robotic cross connector 604 an example of which is shown in Fig. 10,
  • the mechanism of robotic cross connector 604 is capable of movement
  • Z-coordinate motor 1002 shown in Fig. 10, provides movement of the
  • a pin is carried, inserted and removed by a robotic
  • hand such as hand 1004A or 1004B, which is part of robotic cross connector 604.
  • a fourth motor controls the robotic hand. 1004A and 1004B to grasp and release
  • Control circuitry 606 generates the signals necessary to control operation of
  • Robot cross connector 604 in response to commands from processor 608.
  • Processor 608 generates the commands that are output to control circuitry 606 in response to commands from processor 608.
  • each pin there is also a metal strip 1102 attached to each pin, such as pin 900.
  • the robot verifies the pin position by sending a small current from one hand 1106A to the other hand 1106B.
  • the metallic parts of the robot hand are electrically insulated from each other.
  • Hand 1106B is connected to the ground and hand 1106A is
  • additional circuitry are grouped to fonn a cross connect subsystem. Multiple such
  • subsystems may be grouped to create a larger cross-connect.
  • Single and three tier
  • Figs. 13 - 18 illustrate some standard 3 dimensional (3 tier) connection
  • connect switch may be implemented between the central office and one or more
  • the cross connect may be implemented at nodes
  • each remote node includes a manual patch panel for connecting wires that originate from a central office to wires that lead to
  • the panel may be replaced by a remote controlled cross-com ect switch.
  • the cross-connect switch maybe
  • the pre-configured cross-connect switch may then be installed in the
  • remote node This may be done by wiring the cross-connect in parallel with the
  • the patch panel may be disconnected leaving the
  • the cross-connect is configured to connect
  • switch includes an associated remote controller which receives service change
  • the remote controller Upon receiving a service change command, the remote controller
  • the remote controller that controls the cross-connect installed at remote
  • the remote controller may be coupled to the Network
  • Operations Center for receiving commands relating to subscriber changes
  • the remote controller may be coupled via
  • a dial up line via a Leased line, a central office line, a wireless link, a LAN, a
  • the remote controller may communicate with the NOC through any convenient

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant l'automatisation du processus de mise à disposition de services ILEC (opérateur local établi) au niveau de chaque central, ou autre point de présence ou emplacement. L'invention permet de réduire sensiblement l'effort requis par l'ILEC pour assurer ses responsabilités de mise à disposition de collocation, tout en accélérant le calendrier d'exécution de cycle de mise à disposition des services. Le procédé est mis en oeuvre entre les CLEC (opérateur local concurrent) et à la sortie des lignes de central, afin d'automatiser la mise à disposition de services CLEC, de services ILEC et de services CLEC à CLEC, ce qui permet aux ILEC d'être conformes aux nouvelles et anciennes réglementations FCC d'une manière efficace et peu onéreuse.
EP02709943A 2001-01-31 2002-01-31 Mise a disposition de services clec a clec Withdrawn EP1356687A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58274 1998-04-09
US09/772,961 US6470074B2 (en) 2000-07-19 2001-01-31 System and method for providing data and voice services on a shared line
US772961 2001-01-31
US10/058,274 US20030142811A1 (en) 2002-01-30 2002-01-30 CLEC to CLEC service provisioning
PCT/CA2002/000093 WO2002062079A2 (fr) 2001-01-31 2002-01-31 Mise a disposition de services clec a clec

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1356687A2 true EP1356687A2 (fr) 2003-10-29

Family

ID=26737439

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02709943A Withdrawn EP1356687A2 (fr) 2001-01-31 2002-01-31 Mise a disposition de services clec a clec

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1356687A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1559149A (fr)
CA (1) CA2437182A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002062079A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6661888B2 (en) * 2001-02-23 2003-12-09 Open Support Systems, Llc Method for moving telecommunications customers onto a network
ATE543299T1 (de) 2003-07-12 2012-02-15 Huawei Tech Co Ltd Testsystem für eine abonnentenleitung, breitbandleitungskarte und breitband- /schmalbandtelekommunikationssystem
US7701865B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2010-04-20 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Method and apparatus for configuring an automatic cross connect system at a remote wiring hub
US7693168B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2010-04-06 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Apparatus for decomposing an automatic cross connect system at a remote wiring hub

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AR026942A1 (es) * 1999-12-14 2003-03-05 Adc Telecommunications Inc Disposiciones y metodos para administrar electronicamente conexiones de telecomunicaciones de lineas de abonados digitales (lad)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *
See also references of WO02062079A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002062079A3 (fr) 2002-10-10
CA2437182A1 (fr) 2002-08-08
WO2002062079A2 (fr) 2002-08-08
CN1559149A (zh) 2004-12-29

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