EP1356095A2 - Method for identifying metastatic tumor cells - Google Patents

Method for identifying metastatic tumor cells

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Publication number
EP1356095A2
EP1356095A2 EP01951701A EP01951701A EP1356095A2 EP 1356095 A2 EP1356095 A2 EP 1356095A2 EP 01951701 A EP01951701 A EP 01951701A EP 01951701 A EP01951701 A EP 01951701A EP 1356095 A2 EP1356095 A2 EP 1356095A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tumor
gene
cdna
metastasis
sequences
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01951701A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Oliver Von Stein
Andrea Nestl
Martin Hofmann
Jonathan Sleeman
Peter Herrlich
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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Publication of EP1356095A2 publication Critical patent/EP1356095A2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
    • C12Q1/6886—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/136—Screening for pharmacological compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the identification of metastatic tumor cells and the identification of compounds for the treatment of tumors.
  • the present invention relates to a method for identifying metastatic tumor cells, the marker being at least one cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or corresponding complete gene sequences derived therefrom or functional fragments thereof, their homologs or alleles for hybridization can be used with tumor tissue.
  • the present invention also includes the gene products (polypeptides) derived from the cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or the corresponding complete gene sequences or functional fragments thereof, their homologs or alleles. According to the invention, this also includes the isoforms of these polypeptides, which although they have a changed amino acid sequence, have the same function in their function.
  • the invention also relates to antibodies with a specific binding to the aforementioned gene products, produced using the above-mentioned cDNA sequences and / or their gene products.
  • the complete gene sequences in addition to the coding nucleotide sequences, also include the associated regulatory regions in front of and behind the coding regions.
  • the regulatory regions are to be understood as functional structures, such as, for example, promoters, terminators, target or target sequences, retention signals, translation amplifiers, splice elements or polyadenylation signals.
  • a functional fragment is a nucleotide sequence which codes for a corresponding polypeptide, which in turn has a specific activity of the corresponding full-length protein.
  • a functional fragment is understood to mean a nucleotide sequence which leads to a specific hybridization signal under stringent conditions.
  • the length of the functional fragment can vary in a range from at least 10 to several hundred nucleotides. The same applies to a.
  • Functional fragment of an encoded protein which can vary in length in a range from at least 10 to 250 amino acids.
  • homologues are complementary or complete with the cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B or derived therefrom.
  • Hybridizing sequences comprise similar sequences selected from the group of DNA or RNA which specifically interact with the cDNA sequences according to the invention under stringent conditions.
  • a preferred but non-limiting example of stringent hybridization conditions is hybridization in 6x sodium chloride / sodium citrate buffer (SSC) at 45 ° C. followed by one or more washing steps in 0.2x SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65 ° C.
  • SSC sodium chloride / sodium citrate buffer
  • Alleles are sequences which, despite a different nucleotide sequence, still have the desired functions, ie are functionally equivalent.
  • Functional equivalents thus include naturally occurring variants of the sequences described herein as well as artificial, e.g. nucleotide sequences obtained by chemical synthesis and adapted to the codon use of the organism.
  • a functional equivalent is also understood to mean, in particular, natural or artificial mutations in the originally isolated gene sequences or the corresponding complete gene sequences or their homologs, which code for polypeptides involved in tumor metastasis, which continue to show the desired function. Mutations include substitutions, additions, deletions, exchanges or insertions of one or more nucleotide residues. Mutations can cause functional changes in the regulatory regions of a gene as well as a protein that has changed its activity.
  • the present invention also encompasses those nucleotide sequences which are obtained by modification of the cDNA sequences according to the invention or their complete gene sequences, functional fragments thereof or their homologs.
  • the aim of such a modification can, for example, be to further narrow down the coding sequence or, for example, also to insert further restriction enzyme interfaces.
  • Functional equivalents are also those variants in which the regulatory regions are changed, as a result of which, for example, the gene expression is weakened or enhanced compared to the parent gene or parent gene fragment.
  • the nucleotide sequences coding for metastasis-specific polypeptides or their isoforms can be natural, chemically synthesized, modified or artificially generated nucleotide sequences.
  • the aforementioned nucleotide sequences can consist of heterologous nucleotide sequences and mixtures of the previously described nucleotide sequences.
  • functionally equivalent sequences include those which have an altered nucleotide sequence which gives the gene product encoded by them an altered activity which can be weakened or enhanced.
  • artificial nucleotide sequences are the subject of the invention as long as they impart the desired properties, as described above.
  • Such artificial nucleotide sequences can be obtained, for example, by "back-translating" proteins constructed using molecular modeling or by in vitro selection. Coding nucleotide sequences which are obtained by back-translating a polypeptide sequence according to the codon usage specific to humans are particularly suitable. The specific Codon usage can easily be determined by a person skilled in genetic engineering methods by computer evaluations of other known genes.
  • the cDNA sequences mentioned above are isolated according to the invention from defined rat adenocarcinoma systems.
  • this is the 13762NF rat tumor system (breast carcinoma; Neri et al., JNCI, 1982, vol. 68 (3), 507-517).
  • the cell line MTPa was selected as the non-metastatic cell line.
  • the metastatic cell line is represented by the cell line MTLY.
  • Another preferred system according to the invention is the rat pancreas carcinoma system Bsp73 with the cell lines 1AS or 10AS and ASML (Matzku et al., Invasion Metastasis, 1983, (3): 109-123).
  • the cell lines G-Subline or AT-1, AT-3, MatLu and MatLyLu are mentioned as non-metastatic or metastatic cell lines (Isaacs et al., Prostate, 1986, ( 9): 261-281).
  • this selection is not limiting for the present invention, but also includes the use of other suitable cell lines or carcinoma systems.
  • rat cell lines show an analogous metastatic behavior to human cancer cells in vivo (Neri et al., Int. J. Cancer, 1981, 28: 731-738; Matzku et al., Invasion Metastasis, 1983, 3: 109-123).
  • the cell lines are easier to handle than human tumor tissue.
  • the use of defined rat cell lines also offers the advantage of a high reproducibility of the results compared to human tumor tissue. In particular, in this system there is the possibility of genetically modifying the cell lines and checking the acquired or lost properties in test systems.
  • marker genes involved in the metastasis of tumor cells are identified by the steps a) Creation of a PCR-based subtractive cDNA library based on total mRNA populations from metastatic and non-metastatic tumor cells, b ) Identification of a population of different cDNA clones, each cDNA sequence representing an individual (potentially) metastasis-specific gene, c) generation of the complete gene sequence based on these cDNA clones, d) cloning of the cDNA and / or complete gene sequence both in "Sense” - as well as in "antisense” reading direction in an expression vector e) transfer and subsequent expression of this (er) vector (s) in non-human mammalian cell lines, preferably rat cell lines, f) validation of the involvement of the genes identified in step b) on the metastasis of tumor cells by identifying in vasive tumors.
  • the method according to the invention for identifying metastatic tumor cells is characterized in that at least one cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIG. B is based on the metastasis of pancreatic tumor tissue and selected from one A population involved in the metastasis of breast tumor tissue.
  • An essential feature of the present invention is the provision of an extraordinarily large population of different cDNA clones, representative of a correspondingly large number of different, i.e. individual metastasis-specific genes, so that molecular typing of the various clinical manifestations of cancer can be carried out with high reliability.
  • a statement about the follow-up, i.e. H. the cancer cell stage of the various manifestations and in particular the metastasis potential of the tumor tissue to be examined are met.
  • the present invention thus provides a large number of potential marker sequences, marker genes and / or corresponding proteins for the identification and / or treatment of invasive tumor cells and / or tissues or cells and / or tissues with a high metastatic potential.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cDNA sequences according to FIG. C are preferably suitable as markers for identifying metastatic human breast and / or colon tumor tissue.
  • the cDNA sequences according to FIG. C are preferably suitable as markers for identifying metastatic human breast and / or colon tumor tissue.
  • CD 24 is a differentiation-specific protein that occurs during the maturation of B and T lymphocytes (Fischer GF et al., 1990, J. Immunol., 144: 638-641). With the help of CD 24 mRNA is the detection of metastatic human colon tissue possible.
  • the main task of the ribosomal protein S7 is the correct folding of the 16S RNA (Wimberley, BT et al., 1997, Structure, 5: 1187-1198). So far, S7 has not been involved in tumor progression. With the S7 mRNA, the present invention thus provides a new tumor marker for metastatic breast cell tissue. Metastases from lymph node tissue, which result from invasive breast cell carcinoma, are indicated by an increased expression of both tumor markers.
  • FIG. D A comparison of the gene expression of genes and tumor-associated molecules in cell lines with different metastatic potential is shown in FIG. D. Results of the in situ hybridizations are shown in Fig. E.
  • the findings of the present invention are also suitable for better diagnosis of cancer diseases, in particular the typing of the cancer cell stage and subsequent more efficient therapeutic options.
  • cancer diseases in particular the typing of the cancer cell stage and subsequent more efficient therapeutic options.
  • complementary (“antisense”) mRNA sequences in particular, short oligonucleotides are derived and the introduction of these “antisense” mRNA sequences into tumor cells reduces or suppresses the expression of metastasis-specific genes post-transcriptionally.
  • tumor metastasis is reduced or prevented.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for identifying compounds for tumor treatment, wherein a metastasis-specific gene sequence derived from at least one of the cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B in non-human mammalian cells, for example
  • Rat cell lines are expressed, chemically, biologically and / or pharmaceutically active compounds, such as. B. proteins, peptides or low molecular weight compounds are incubated with the aforementioned cells and then those compounds are selected that have a modulating effect on the expression of the
  • a modulating effect is to be understood as an amplification or weakening. In addition to regulatory interactions on the cell surface, this also includes interactive inhibition within the cells.
  • the introduction and expression of the metastase-specific gene sequences according to the invention in the non-human Mammalian cells can be carried out, for example, with the aid of a suitable recombinant vector, comprising at least one gene sequence according to the invention derived from a cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B complete gene sequences or functional fragments thereof, for example coding sequences, furthermore regulatory nucleotide sequences, in particular from the group of promoters, terminators, target sequences, retention signals and translation enhancers,
  • Splice elements poly-adenylation signals or resistance-mediating nucleotide sequences as well as nucleotide sequences for replication in the corresponding target cell or for integration into its genome.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a measuring system for identifying compounds for tumor treatment comprising at least one gene associated with tumor metastasis based on a cDNA sequence according to FIG. A and / or B or alleles or homologs thereof and at least one chemically, biologically and / or pharmaceutically active compound.
  • the measuring system according to the invention offers the possibility of carrying out extensive regulatory and binding studies with the primary aim of determining whether and, if appropriate, in which areas the compound has an effect on gene expression, i.e. this weakens or strengthens.
  • the measuring system used according to the invention can be, for example, non-human mammalian cells, preferably a defined rat cell line.
  • a further variant of the present invention relates to a measuring system containing at least one protein associated with tumor metastasis or isoforms thereof encoded by a gene sequence or its homologues starting from a cDNA sequence according to FIG. A and / or B and at least one chemically, biologically and / or pharmaceutical active connection.
  • the measuring system according to the invention offers the possibility of carrying out extensive regulation and binding studies, with the primary aim of determining whether and, if appropriate, in which areas the compound binds to a protein associated with tumor metastasis and changes its activity, ie weakens or amplifies it.
  • the compounds themselves are the subject of the present invention and / or their use for the preparation of agents for the treatment of tumor diseases containing compounds identified by a previously described method or with the aid of a previously described measuring system.
  • the present invention relates to cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B or complete gene sequences derived therefrom, their homologues or functionally equivalent
  • the present invention also relates to the gene products (polypeptides) which, using the cDNA according to the invention,
  • Sequences can be produced or derived therefrom.
  • genetically modified non-human mammalian cells containing at least one cDNA sequence according to the invention selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or complete gene sequences derived therefrom, functional fragments, their homologs or alleles or a recombinant vector of the type described above or gene products of the aforementioned kind the subject of the present invention.
  • the present invention further comprises antibodies which bind specifically to the gene products according to the invention mentioned, it being possible for these antibodies to be produced using the cDNA sequences and / or gene products according to the invention.
  • a probe for specific hybridization with tumor tissue is used according to the invention, this starting from a cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B or derived from complete gene sequences, the homologues or functionally equivalent sequences of which is produced Detection contains suitable, preferably non-radioactive labeling and / or 30 nucleotides, preferably 15-20, particularly preferably 10 nucleotides in length.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a test kit, comprising at least one cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or complete gene sequences derived therefrom, functional gene fragments thereof or their homologs or alleles, instructions for producing a previously described probe and instructions for hybridization and detection of nucleotide sequences from tumor tissue.
  • a test kit comprising at least one cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or complete gene sequences derived therefrom, functional gene fragments thereof or their homologs or alleles, instructions for producing a previously described probe and instructions for hybridization and detection of nucleotide sequences from tumor tissue.
  • the use of a mixture of several relevant cDNA sequences is preferred.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of compounds identified by a method according to the invention and / or by a measuring system according to the invention for the production of agents which can be used for tumor treatment.
  • the present invention also includes the use of the antibodies according to the invention for the production of agents which can be used for tumor treatment.
  • the cDNA sequences, gene products, antibodies and / or are also suitable Parts thereof and / or the compounds according to the invention which are involved in the formation of tumor metastases for use in areas of tumor metastasis diagnosis and / or therapy. In the field of tumor diagnostics, for example, this also includes the identification of other metastasis tumor markers of human origin.
  • the ligation of the PCR products of the 2nd PCR round of the SSH was carried out in a TA vector (pCRII.1, Invitrogen).
  • the cloning of an insert in the pCR.11.1 vector interrupts the coding sequence of the ⁇ -galactosidase gene, so that recombinant clones (white) can be distinguished from empty vectors (blue).
  • the Taq polymerase used has proofreading activity, it is necessary to PCR products after a previous phenol / chloroform extraction, in a further step for 15 min at 72 ° C with dATP and another Taq DNA polymerase (Eurobio -Taq polymerase) and again perform a phenol / chloroform extraction.
  • the ligation was carried out with the T4 DNA ligase (Invitrogen) added to the vector in a ratio of 1: 1 (each 25 ng vector and subtracted bank).
  • the bank ligated into the pCRI 1.1 vector was transformed into electrocompetent bacteria (ELEKTROMAX, strain DH10B, Invitrogen) and plated onto 15 cm large bacterial dishes.
  • electrocompetent bacteria ELEKTROMAX, strain DH10B, Invitrogen
  • the dishes contained the selection antibiotic ampicillin (100, ⁇ g / ml), as well as 100 ⁇ M IPTG and X-Gal (50 ⁇ g / ml) for blue / white sorting.
  • the bacterial dishes were incubated at 37 ° C until small Colonies were visible. To better distinguish between white and blue colonies, the plates were then incubated at 4 ° C.
  • a total of 1985 clones were picked under blue-white selection, transferred into sterile 96-v / e // microtiter plates containing LB medium and ampicillin (100 ⁇ g / ⁇ l). The bacteria in these plates were grown for 14 hours with gentle shaking at RT. To perform the colony PCR, 10 ⁇ l of each bacterial culture was removed using a multichannel pipette and transferred to a 96-well PCR plate, where it was mixed with 90 ⁇ l sterile water. For denaturation, the plate was incubated for 5 min at 95 ° C. in the PCR machine (Perkin-Elmer 9600 thermal cycler).
  • each lysate was transferred with a multichannel pipette into a second 96-well PCR plate into which 90 ⁇ l of the PCR mixture had been placed in each case.
  • the cDNA fragments were amplified using nested primers 1 and 2 of the subtraction.
  • the check which clones actually contain differentially expressed cDNA fragments, was carried out using a reverse Northem Blot analysis.
  • the amplified cDNA fragments colony PCR
  • 2 high cfens / ' y agarose gels Centipede TM gel electrophoresis chambers, Owl Scientific, Woburn, USA.
  • 2 x 96 samples (2 microtiter plates) were applied per gel. It is extremely important that both gels are loaded in exactly the same way.
  • a GAPDH control was placed in the last place for later quantification of the signal strength.
  • FIGS. A and B The result of the obtained and differentially expressed cDNA fragments is summarized in FIGS. A and B, with FIG. A representing cDNA fragments from a breast cancer-specific library (MLSSH) and FIG. B cDNA fragments from a pancreas-specific Library (PLSSH). figure description
  • C cDNA sequences from CD 24 and S7 as tumor markers for invasive human breast and / or colon tumor tissue.
  • the image consists of Northem blots from four different rat tumor systems and two human breast cancer cell lines. In addition to the pair MN081 / MT450, all tumor systems used consist of clonal cell lines that originate from a primary tumor and differ only in their metastatic capacity. This metastatic potential is indicated. Each lane of the Northern blots was loaded with 2ug poly-A + RNA. The blots were hybridized with various different experiments cDNAs isolated in the MLSSH and PLSSH subtraction banks (screens). The hybridization samples used were selected randomly from the metastasis-specific genes isolated in the MLSSH and PLSSH screens.
  • a rough classification is intended to correlate the expression of the genes with the Describe the metastatic potential of the investigated cell lines.
  • Genes whose expression is upregulated in all metastatic cell lines and which is not present or significantly reduced in all non-metastatic cells were designated +++.
  • Genes that are clearly differentially expressed but not exclusively in metastatic cells were labeled ++ or +, depending on the strength of the correlation of the expression with the metastatic potential.
  • the expression of some clones showed a strong association with the metastatic potential in only one tumor progression model.
  • ab (a, "sense”control; b, "antisense” radioactively labeled CD24 sample): CD24 expression in a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the intestine, classified as pT3C; p21; pNO; pM1.
  • the section shows significant CD24 overexpression in intra-ductal carcinoma cells (localization in the cytoplasm), while the non-neoplastic mucosa is only weakly positive (constant basal expression), cd (c, "sense”control; d, "antisense” radioactively labeled CD24 sample): CD24 expression in a moderately invasive ductal, moderately differentiated breast carcinoma, classified as pT2; pNIbii.
  • a positive signal was detectable in the carcinoma, but not in the surrounding stroma, ef (e, "sense”control; f, "antisense” radioactively labeled S7 sample): S7 expression in a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the intestine, classified as pT3C; p21; pNO; pM1.
  • the cut shows significant S7 Overexpression (predominant localization in the nucleus) in the carcinoma, but very poor expression in the non-neoplastic mucosa.
  • hg (h, "sense”control; g, "antisense” fluorescence-labeled S7 sample): Expression of S7 in a poorly differentiated invasive ductal breast carcinoma, classified as PT-1C; G3, N-1B1 or I, RO, L-1. A strong nuclear signal was detectable in intraductal carcinoma, but almost no signal was seen in the stroma.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for identifying and treating metastatic tumor cells. The invention further relates to a population of cDNA sequences of metastasis-specific genes for use as tumor markers for identifying human cells and/or tissues that are potentially metastatic and for the therapy of cancer diseases.

Description

Verfahren zur Identifizierung metastasierender Tumorzellen Method of identifying metastatic tumor cells
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Identifizierung von metastasierenden Tumorzellen sowie die Identifizierung von Verbindungen zur Behandlung von Tumoren.The present invention relates to a method for the identification of metastatic tumor cells and the identification of compounds for the treatment of tumors.
Das Zellwachstum oder auch die Organogenese werden in höheren Organismen auf komplexe Weise durch differentielle Genexpression reguliert. Insbesondere die Aufklärung der molekularen Mechanismen, die an der Entstehung von Tumorzellen beteiligt sind, ist aufgrund der großen medizinischen Relevanz Gegenstand intensiver Untersuchungen.Cell growth or organogenesis are regulated in higher organisms in a complex way by differential gene expression. In particular, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the formation of tumor cells is the subject of intensive investigations due to its great medical relevance.
Allerdings sind die Vorgänge, die an der Entstehung eines invasiven Tumors aus primärem Tumorgewebe (Metastasenbildung) beteiligt sind weniger gut untersucht. Bekannt ist, daß einige Grundvoraussetzungen geschaffen werden müssen, damit Tumoren invasieren können. Hierbei handelt es sich um Veränderungen der Mikroumgebung der Zellen, d.h. Proteolyse der Zellen sowie Veränderungen der Adhäsionseigenschaften und Migration. Bislang konnte lediglich eine geringe Anzahl an Genen, die während der Tumorprogression differentieil exprimiert wird, identifiziert werden. Beispielhaft seien einige Proteasegene, wie z. B. uPa oder Matrix-Metalloproteinasen (MMP) genannt (Matrisian L. M. et al., 1990, Curr. Top. Dev. Biol., 24: 219-259 und Matrisian, L. M., Bioessays, 1992, 14: 455-463). Hinsichtlich der adhäsiven Eigenschaften sind verschiedene Integrine (Riuz P. et al., 1993, Cell. Adhes. Commun., 1 : 67-81) oder der sogenannte lymphocyie homlng-Rezeptor CD44 bekannt (Ponta et al., Frontiers in Bioscience ,1998, 3: 650-656).However, the processes involved in the formation of an invasive tumor from primary tumor tissue (metastasis) are less well studied. It is known that some basic requirements have to be created for tumors to be able to invade. These are changes in the microenvironment of the cells, i.e. Proteolysis of the cells as well as changes in the adhesion properties and migration. So far, only a small number of genes, which are expressed differentially during tumor progression, have been identified. Some protease genes, such as. B. uPa or matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) called (Matrisian L. M. et al., 1990, Curr. Top. Dev. Biol., 24: 219-259 and Matrisian, L. M., Bioessays, 1992, 14: 455-463). With regard to the adhesive properties, various integrins (Riuz P. et al., 1993, Cell. Adhes. Commun., 1: 67-81) or the so-called lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 are known (Ponta et al., Frontiers in Bioscience, 1998 , 3: 650-656).
Die überwiegende Anzahl und Identität der Gene, die in dem metastatischen Prozeß involviert sind, ist jedoch noch weitgehend unbekannt. Für ein besseres Verständnis der an der Tumorprogression beteiligten Vorgänge ist es allerdings erforderlich eine möglichst große Anzahl an metastasespezifischen Genen eindeutig zu identifizieren.However, the vast majority and identity of the genes involved in the metastatic process is still broad unknown. However, for a better understanding of the processes involved in tumor progression, it is necessary to uniquely identify the largest possible number of metastasis-specific genes.
Außerdem steht bislang kein geeignetes System zur Verfügung, welches mit vertretbarem Aufwand und ausreichender Zuverlässigkeit eine Aussage über den Krebszell-Status und die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Tumormetastasierung erlaubt.In addition, no suitable system has so far been available which allows a statement about the cancer cell status and the probability of tumor metastasis with reasonable effort and sufficient reliability.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Identifizierung von metastasierenden TumorzelJen, wobei als Marker wenigstens eine cDNA-Sequenz ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß den Figuren A und/oder B oder entsprechend davon abgeleitete vollständige Gensequenzen oder funktionelle Fragmente davon, deren Homologe oder Allele zur Hybridisierung mit Tumorgewebe eingesetzt werden.The present invention relates to a method for identifying metastatic tumor cells, the marker being at least one cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or corresponding complete gene sequences derived therefrom or functional fragments thereof, their homologs or alleles for hybridization can be used with tumor tissue.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schließt auch die Genprodukte (Polypeptide) abgeleitet von den cDNA-Sequenzen ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß den Figuren A und/oder B oder den entsprechend vollständigen Gensequen∑en oder funktionelle Fragmente davon, deren Homologe oder Allele ein. Erfindungsgemäß zählen hierzu auch die Isoformen dieser Polypeptide, die zwar eine veränderte Aminosäuresequenz aufweisen, in ihrer Funktion jedoch gleichwirkend sind.The present invention also includes the gene products (polypeptides) derived from the cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or the corresponding complete gene sequences or functional fragments thereof, their homologs or alleles. According to the invention, this also includes the isoforms of these polypeptides, which although they have a changed amino acid sequence, have the same function in their function.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind ferner auch Antikörper mit einer spezifischen Bindung an die zuvor genannten Genprodukte, hergestellt unter Verwendung der oben genannten cDNA-Sequenzen und/oder deren Genprodukte. Erfindungsgemäß umfassen die vollständigen Gensequenzen neben den kodierenden Nukleotidsequenzen auch die zugehörigen regulativen Regionen vor und hinter den kodierenden Bereichen. Unter den regulativen Regionen sind funktionelle Strukturen, wie beispielsweise Promotoren, Terminatoren, Ziel- oder target-Sequenzen, Retentionssignale, Translationsverstärker, Spleißelemente oder Polyadenylierungssignale zu verstehen.The invention also relates to antibodies with a specific binding to the aforementioned gene products, produced using the above-mentioned cDNA sequences and / or their gene products. According to the invention, in addition to the coding nucleotide sequences, the complete gene sequences also include the associated regulatory regions in front of and behind the coding regions. The regulatory regions are to be understood as functional structures, such as, for example, promoters, terminators, target or target sequences, retention signals, translation amplifiers, splice elements or polyadenylation signals.
Ein funktionelles Fragment ist erfindungsgemäß eine Nukleotidsequenz, die für ein entsprechendes Polypeptid kodiert, welches seinerseits eine spezifische Aktivität des korrespondierenden Gesamtlängen-Proteins aufweist. Ferner ist unter einem funktioneilen Fragment erfindungsgemäß eine Nukleotidsequenz zu verstehen, die unter stringenten Bedingungen zu einem spezifischen Hybridisierungssignal führt. Hierbei ist kann die Länge des funktioneilen Fragments in einem Bereich von wenigstens 10 bis zu mehreren hundert Nukleotiden variieren. Gleiches gilt für ein. funktionelles Fragment eines kodierten Proteins, das in seiner Länge in einem Bereich von wenigstens 10 bis 250 Aminosäuren variieren kann.According to the invention, a functional fragment is a nucleotide sequence which codes for a corresponding polypeptide, which in turn has a specific activity of the corresponding full-length protein. Furthermore, according to the invention, a functional fragment is understood to mean a nucleotide sequence which leads to a specific hybridization signal under stringent conditions. The length of the functional fragment can vary in a range from at least 10 to several hundred nucleotides. The same applies to a. Functional fragment of an encoded protein, which can vary in length in a range from at least 10 to 250 amino acids.
Unter Homologen sind erfindungsgemäß komplementäre oder mit den cDNA-Sequenzen ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B oder davon abgeleiteten vollständigen . Gensequenzen oder funktioneilen Genfragmenten hybridisierende Nukleotidsequenzen zu verstehen. Hybridisierende Sequenzen umfassen ähnliche Sequenzen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von DNA oder RNA, die unter stringenten Bedingungen spezifisch mit den erfindungsgemäßen cDNA-Sequenzen interagieren. Ein bevorzugtes aber nicht limitierendes Beispiel für stringente Hybridisierungsbedingungen ist die Hybridisierung in 6x Sodium-Chloride/Sodium-Citrate-Puffer (SSC) bei 45 °C gefolgt von ein oder mehreren Waschschritten in 0,2x SSC, 0,1% SDS bei 65 °C. Allele sind solche Sequenzen, welche trotz abweichender Nukleotidsequenz noch die gewünschten Funktionen besitzen, also funktionell äquivalent sind.According to the invention, homologues are complementary or complete with the cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B or derived therefrom. To understand gene sequences or functional gene fragments hybridizing nucleotide sequences. Hybridizing sequences comprise similar sequences selected from the group of DNA or RNA which specifically interact with the cDNA sequences according to the invention under stringent conditions. A preferred but non-limiting example of stringent hybridization conditions is hybridization in 6x sodium chloride / sodium citrate buffer (SSC) at 45 ° C. followed by one or more washing steps in 0.2x SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65 ° C. Alleles are sequences which, despite a different nucleotide sequence, still have the desired functions, ie are functionally equivalent.
Funktioneile Äquivalente umfassen somit natürlich vorkommende Varianten der hierin beschriebenen Sequenzen sowie künstliche, z.B. durch chemische Synthese erhaltene, an den Kodon-Gebrauch des Organismus angepaßte, Nukleotidsequenzen.Functional equivalents thus include naturally occurring variants of the sequences described herein as well as artificial, e.g. nucleotide sequences obtained by chemical synthesis and adapted to the codon use of the organism.
Unter einem funktioneilen Äquivalent (Allel) versteht man insbesondere auch natürliche oder künstliche Mutationen der ursprünglich isolierten Gensequen∑en oder der korrespondierenden vollständigen Gensequenzen oder deren Homologe, die für an der Tumormetastasierung beteiligte Polypepetide kodieren, welche weiterhin die gewünschte Funktion zeigen. Mutationen umfassen Substitutionen, Additionen, Deletionen, Vertauschungen oder Insertionen eines oder mehrerer Nukleotidreste. Mutationen können sowohl funktionale Veränderungen der regulatorischen Regionen eines Gens als auch ein in seiner Aktivität verändertes Protein bedingen.A functional equivalent (allele) is also understood to mean, in particular, natural or artificial mutations in the originally isolated gene sequences or the corresponding complete gene sequences or their homologs, which code for polypeptides involved in tumor metastasis, which continue to show the desired function. Mutations include substitutions, additions, deletions, exchanges or insertions of one or more nucleotide residues. Mutations can cause functional changes in the regulatory regions of a gene as well as a protein that has changed its activity.
Somit werden beispielsweise auch solche Nukleotidsequenzen durch die vorliegende Erfindung mit umfaßt, welche man durch Modifikation der erfindungsgemäßen cDNA-Sequenzen oder deren vollständige Gensequenzen, funktionelle Fragmente davon oder deren Homologe erhält. Ziel einer solchen Modifikation kann z.B. die weitere Eingrenzung der kodierenden Sequenz oder z.B. auch die Einfügung weiterer Restriktionsenzym-Schnittstellen sein. Funktioneile Äquivalente sind auch solche Varianten, bei denen die regulatorischen Regionen verändert sind, wodurch beispielsweise die Genexpression verglichen mit dem Ausgangsgen bzw. Ausgangsgenfragment, abgeschwächt oder verstärkt ist. Erfindungsgemäß kann es sich bei den für metastasespezifische Polypeptide oder deren Isoformen kodierende Nukleotidsequenzen um natürliche, chemisch synthetisierte, modifizierte oder artifiziell erzeugte Nukleotidsequenzen handeln. Ferner können die zuvor genannten Nukleotidsequenzen aus heterologen Nukleotidsequenzen sowie aus Mischungen der zuvor beschriebenen Nukleotidsequenzen bestehen.Thus, for example, the present invention also encompasses those nucleotide sequences which are obtained by modification of the cDNA sequences according to the invention or their complete gene sequences, functional fragments thereof or their homologs. The aim of such a modification can, for example, be to further narrow down the coding sequence or, for example, also to insert further restriction enzyme interfaces. Functional equivalents are also those variants in which the regulatory regions are changed, as a result of which, for example, the gene expression is weakened or enhanced compared to the parent gene or parent gene fragment. According to the invention, the nucleotide sequences coding for metastasis-specific polypeptides or their isoforms can be natural, chemically synthesized, modified or artificially generated nucleotide sequences. Furthermore, the aforementioned nucleotide sequences can consist of heterologous nucleotide sequences and mixtures of the previously described nucleotide sequences.
Darüber hinaus umfassen funktioneil äquivalente Sequenzen solche, die eine veränderte Nukleotidsequenz aufweisen, welche dem durch sie kodierten Genprodukt eine veränderte Aktivität verleiht, die abgeschwächt oder verstärkt sein kann.In addition, functionally equivalent sequences include those which have an altered nucleotide sequence which gives the gene product encoded by them an altered activity which can be weakened or enhanced.
Außerdem sind artifizielle Nukleotidsequenzen Gegenstand der Erfindung, solange sie, wie oben beschrieben, die gewünschten Eigenschaften vermitteln. Solche artifiziellen Nukleotidsequenzen können beispielsweise durch „Rückübersetzung" von mittels Molecular Modelling konstruierter Proteine oder durch in-vitro-Selektion erhalten werden. Besonders geeignet sind kodierende Nukleotidsequenzen, die durch Rückübersetzung einer Polypeptidsequenz gemäß der für den Menschen spezifischen Kodon-Nutzung erhalten werden. Die spezifische Kodon- Nutzung kann ein mit gentechnischen Methoden vertrauter Fachmann durch Computerauswertungen anderer, bekannter Gene leicht ermitteln.In addition, artificial nucleotide sequences are the subject of the invention as long as they impart the desired properties, as described above. Such artificial nucleotide sequences can be obtained, for example, by "back-translating" proteins constructed using molecular modeling or by in vitro selection. Coding nucleotide sequences which are obtained by back-translating a polypeptide sequence according to the codon usage specific to humans are particularly suitable. The specific Codon usage can easily be determined by a person skilled in genetic engineering methods by computer evaluations of other known genes.
Die Isolierung der zuvor genannten cDNA-Sequenzen erfolgt erfindungsgemäß aus definierten Adenokarzinom-Systemen der Ratte. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung handelt es sich dabei um das Rattentumorsystem 13762NF (Mamma-Karzinom; Neri et al., JNCI, 1982, Vol. 68 (3), 507-517). Als nicht metastasierende Zellinie wurde die Zellinie MTPa ausgewählt. Die metastasierende Zellinie wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Zellinie MTLY repräsentiert. Ein weiteres erfindungsgemäß bevorzugtes System stellt das Ratten-Pankreas- Karzinom-System Bsp73 mit den Zellinien 1AS bzw. 10AS und ASML dar (Matzku et al., Invasion Metastasis, 1983, (3): 109-123). Als ein Beispiel für ein Ratten-Prostata-Karzinom-System sind die Zellinien G-Subline bzw. AT-1 , AT-3, MatLu und MatLyLu als nicht metastasierende bzw. metastasierende Zellinien genannt (Isaacs et al., Prostate, 1986, (9): 261- 281). Diese Auswahl ist jedoch nicht limitierend für die vorliegende Erfindung, sondern schließt auch die Verwendung anderer geeigneter Zellinien bzw. Karzinomsysteme ein.The cDNA sequences mentioned above are isolated according to the invention from defined rat adenocarcinoma systems. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this is the 13762NF rat tumor system (breast carcinoma; Neri et al., JNCI, 1982, vol. 68 (3), 507-517). The cell line MTPa was selected as the non-metastatic cell line. According to the invention, the metastatic cell line is represented by the cell line MTLY. Another preferred system according to the invention is the rat pancreas carcinoma system Bsp73 with the cell lines 1AS or 10AS and ASML (Matzku et al., Invasion Metastasis, 1983, (3): 109-123). As an example of a rat prostate carcinoma system, the cell lines G-Subline or AT-1, AT-3, MatLu and MatLyLu are mentioned as non-metastatic or metastatic cell lines (Isaacs et al., Prostate, 1986, ( 9): 261-281). However, this selection is not limiting for the present invention, but also includes the use of other suitable cell lines or carcinoma systems.
Ein entscheidender Vorteil der Verwendung von Ratten-Zellinien ist, daß die metastatischen Zellen in vivo ein analoges Metastasierungsverhalten zu menschlichen Krebszellen zeigen (Neri et al., Int. J. Cancer, 1981, 28: 731-738; Matzku et al., Invasion Metastasis, 1983, 3: 109-123). Darüber hinaus lassen sich die Zellinien einfacher handhaben als menschliches Tumorgewebe. Der Einsatz definierter Rattenzellinien bietet gegenüber humanem Tumorgewebe ferner den Vorteil einer hohen Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse. Insbesondere besteht in diesem System die Möglichkeit der genetischen Veränderung der Zellinien und Überprüfung der erworbenen bzw. verlorenen Eigenschaften in Testsystemen. Ferner ist eine einfache Übertragung auf syngene Tiere möglich, wohingegen menschliches Tumorgewebe aufgrund störender Immunantworten in ein aufwendiges künstliches System eines immunodefizienten Empfängers übertragen werden müßte. Darüber hinaus wurden auch einige Hybridisierungen mit menschlichen Mamma- Karzinom-Zellinien durchgeführt. Beispielsweise wurden die verwendeten Zellinien MDA-MB231 und MDA-MB-468 (Cailleau et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 1974, 661-674 und Cailleau et al., In Vitro, 1978 (14): 911-915) u.a. eingesetzt, um z. B. durch Kreuzhybridisierungen zu zeigen, daß die eingesetzte „Ratten-Probe" für eine Analyse menschlichen Tumormaterials geeignet ist. Die Identifizierung der erfindungsgemäß großen Anzahl an differentieil exprimierten Transkripten metastasespezifischer Gene erfolgt nach an sich bekannten Methoden. Hier sind die Differenzanalyse SSH (Subtractive Suppression Hybridization; Diatchenko et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei., 1996, 93: 6025-6030) zu nennen, die insbesondere zur Identifizierung seltener Transkripte besonders geeignet ist sowie ein sich daran anschließendes effektives Nachselektionsverfahren mit hohem Probendurchsatz und hoher Zuverlässigkeit, das die Auswahl falsch positiver oder falsch negativer Klone nahezu ausschließt (von Stein et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 1997, 25 (13): 2598-2602). Als weitere Methoden der Wahl zur erfindungsgemäßen Bestimmung einer Metastasenspezifischen Expression ausgewählter cDNA-Klone zur Identifizierung metastasierender Tumorzellen sind Northem-Blot- und RT-PCR-Analysen zu nennen, die sich jedoch nicht limitierend auf die vorliegende Erfindung auswirken.A decisive advantage of using rat cell lines is that the metastatic cells show an analogous metastatic behavior to human cancer cells in vivo (Neri et al., Int. J. Cancer, 1981, 28: 731-738; Matzku et al., Invasion Metastasis, 1983, 3: 109-123). In addition, the cell lines are easier to handle than human tumor tissue. The use of defined rat cell lines also offers the advantage of a high reproducibility of the results compared to human tumor tissue. In particular, in this system there is the possibility of genetically modifying the cell lines and checking the acquired or lost properties in test systems. Furthermore, a simple transfer to syngeneic animals is possible, whereas human tumor tissue would have to be transferred to an elaborate artificial system of an immunodeficient recipient due to disturbing immune responses. In addition, some hybridizations with human breast carcinoma cell lines have been performed. For example, the cell lines MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB-468 used (Cailleau et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 1974, 661-674 and Cailleau et al., In Vitro, 1978 (14): 911-915) used, inter alia, to B. by cross hybridizations to show that the "rat sample" is suitable for an analysis of human tumor material. The large number of differentially expressed transcripts of metastasis-specific genes are identified according to methods known per se. The difference analysis SSH (Subtractive Suppression Hybridization; Diatchenko et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei., 1996, 93: 6025-6030) is to be mentioned here, which is particularly suitable in particular for the identification of rare transcripts and a subsequent effective one Post-selection process with high sample throughput and high reliability, which almost excludes the selection of false positive or false negative clones (von Stein et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 1997, 25 (13): 2598-2602). Further methods of choice for the determination according to the invention of a metastasis-specific expression of selected cDNA clones for the identification of metastatic tumor cells are Northem blot and RT-PCR analyzes which, however, have no limiting effect on the present invention.
Eine besondere Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfaßt dabei folgende Schritte:A special embodiment variant of the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
A) Erstellung einer PCR-basierten subtraktiven cDNA-Genbank ausgehend von Gesamt-mRNA-Populationen aus metastasierenden und nicht-metastasierenden Tumorzellen,A) Creation of a PCR-based subtractive cDNA library based on total mRNA populations from metastatic and non-metastatic tumor cells,
B) Identifizierung einer Population unterschiedlicher cDNA-Klone, wobei jede cDNA-Sequenz ein individuelles . (potentiell) metastasespezifisches Gen repräsentiert,B) Identification of a population of different cDNA clones, each cDNA sequence an individual. represents (potentially) metastasis-specific gene,
C) Erstellung der vollständigen Gensequenz auf der Basis dieser cDNA- Klone,C) generation of the complete gene sequence based on these cDNA clones,
D) Erstellung einer „sense"- und „antisense"- RNA-Probe ausgehend von wenigstens einer Sequenz ausgewählt aus dieser cDNA-Population oder den entsprechend davon abgeleiteten vollständigen Gensequenzei , insbesondere aus einer Population gemäß den Figuren A und/oder B, E) Herstellung geeigneter Dünnschicht-Präparate von dem zu untersuchenden Tumormaterial,D) Creation of a “sense” and “antisense” RNA sample based on at least one sequence selected from this cDNA population or the corresponding complete gene sequence derived therefrom, in particular from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B, E) production of suitable thin-layer preparations from the tumor material to be examined,
F) in-situ-Hybridisierung des zu untersuchenden Tumormaterials mit den zuvor genannten „sense"- und „antisense"-RNA-Sonden undF) in situ hybridization of the tumor material to be examined with the aforementioned “sense” and “antisense” RNA probes and
G) Identifizierung metastasierender Tumorzellen durch Detektion positiver Hybridisierungsprodukte.G) Identification of metastatic tumor cells by detection of positive hybridization products.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der vorliegenden Erfindung erfolgt die Identifizierung von an der Metastasierung von Tumorzellen beteiligten Marker-Gene durch die Schritte a) Erstellung einer PCR-basierten subtraktiven cDNA-Genbank ausgehend von Gesamt-mRNA-Populationen aus metastasierenden und nicht-metastasierenden Tumorzellen, b) Identifizierung einer Population unterschiedlicher cDNA-Klone, wobei jede cDNA-Sequenz ein individuelles (potentiell) metastasespezifisches Gen repräsentiert, c) Erstellung der vollständigen Gensequenz auf der Basis dieser cDNA- Klone, d) Klonierung der cDNA- und/oder vollständigen Gensequenz sowohl in „sense"- als auch in „antisense"-Leserichtung in einen Expressionsvektor e) Übertragung und anschließende Expression dieses(er) Vektors(en) in nicht-menschliche Säugerzellinien, vorzugsweise Rattenzellinien, f) Validierung der Beteiligung der in Schritt b) identifizierten Gene an der Metastasierung von Tumorzellen durch Identifizierung von invasiven Tumoren.In a further embodiment of the present invention, marker genes involved in the metastasis of tumor cells are identified by the steps a) Creation of a PCR-based subtractive cDNA library based on total mRNA populations from metastatic and non-metastatic tumor cells, b ) Identification of a population of different cDNA clones, each cDNA sequence representing an individual (potentially) metastasis-specific gene, c) generation of the complete gene sequence based on these cDNA clones, d) cloning of the cDNA and / or complete gene sequence both in "Sense" - as well as in "antisense" reading direction in an expression vector e) transfer and subsequent expression of this (er) vector (s) in non-human mammalian cell lines, preferably rat cell lines, f) validation of the involvement of the genes identified in step b) on the metastasis of tumor cells by identifying in vasive tumors.
Ferner zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Identifizierung von metastasierenden Tumorzellen dadurch aus, daß wenigstens eine cDNA-Sequenz ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. B an der Metastasierung von Pankreastumorgewebe und ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A an der Metastasierung von Brusttumorgewebe beteiligt sind.Furthermore, the method according to the invention for identifying metastatic tumor cells is characterized in that at least one cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIG. B is based on the metastasis of pancreatic tumor tissue and selected from one A population involved in the metastasis of breast tumor tissue.
Ein wesentliches Merkmai der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung einer außerordentlich großen Population unterschiedlicher cDNA-Klone, repräsentativ für eine entsprechend große Anzahl unterschiedlicher, d.h. individueller metastasespezifischer Gene, so daß mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit eine molekulare Typisierung der verschiedenen klinischen Erscheinungsformen einer Krebserkrankung vorgenommen werden kann. Ebenso kann eine Aussage über die Verlaufskontrolle, d. h. das Krebszellstadium der verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen und insbesondere über das Metastasierungspotential des zu untersuchenden Tumorgewebes getroffen werden.An essential feature of the present invention is the provision of an extraordinarily large population of different cDNA clones, representative of a correspondingly large number of different, i.e. individual metastasis-specific genes, so that molecular typing of the various clinical manifestations of cancer can be carried out with high reliability. A statement about the follow-up, i.e. H. the cancer cell stage of the various manifestations and in particular the metastasis potential of the tumor tissue to be examined are met.
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt somit eine Vielzahl von potentiellen Markersequenzen, Markergenen und/oder korrespondierenden Proteinen zur Identifizierung und/oder Behandlung von invasiven Tumorzellen, und/oder -geweben bzw. Zellen und/oder Geweben mit einem hohen Metastasierungspotential zur Verfügung.The present invention thus provides a large number of potential marker sequences, marker genes and / or corresponding proteins for the identification and / or treatment of invasive tumor cells and / or tissues or cells and / or tissues with a high metastatic potential.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der vorliegenden Erfindung zeichnet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch aus, daß bevorzugt die cDNA-Sequenzen gemäß Fig. C als Marker zur Identifizierung von metastasierendem humanem Brust und/oder Dickdarmtumorgewebe geeignet sind. Beispielhaft sei hierbei insbesondere auf die Sequenzen verwiesen, die in Fig. C mit CD 24 und S7 bezeichnet sind und die besten Kreuzhybridisierungsergebnisse mit humanem Tumorgewebe zeigten. Bei CD 24 handelt es sich um ein differenzierungsspezifisches Protein, das während der Reifung von B- und T-Lymphozyten auftritt (Fischer G. F. et al., 1990, J. Immunol., 144: 638- 641 ). Mit Hilfe der CD 24 mRNA ist die Detektion von metastasierendem humanen Dickdarmgewebe möglich. Die Hauptaufgabe des ribosomalen Proteins S7 ist die korrekte Faltung der 16S-RNA (Wimberley, B. T. et al., 1997, Structure, 5: 1187-1198). Eine Beteiligung von S7 an der Tumorprogression ist bisher nicht bekannt. Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt mit der S7 mRNA somit einen neuen Tumormarker für metastasierendes Brustzellgewebe zur Verfügung. Metastasen aus Lymphknotengewebe, welches von einem invasiven Brustzellkarzinom ausgehen, werden durch eine erhöhte Expression beider Tumormarker angezeigt.In a further variant of the present invention, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the cDNA sequences according to FIG. C are preferably suitable as markers for identifying metastatic human breast and / or colon tumor tissue. As an example, reference is made here in particular to the sequences which are labeled CD 24 and S7 in FIG. C and which showed the best cross-hybridization results with human tumor tissue. CD 24 is a differentiation-specific protein that occurs during the maturation of B and T lymphocytes (Fischer GF et al., 1990, J. Immunol., 144: 638-641). With the help of CD 24 mRNA is the detection of metastatic human colon tissue possible. The main task of the ribosomal protein S7 is the correct folding of the 16S RNA (Wimberley, BT et al., 1997, Structure, 5: 1187-1198). So far, S7 has not been involved in tumor progression. With the S7 mRNA, the present invention thus provides a new tumor marker for metastatic breast cell tissue. Metastases from lymph node tissue, which result from invasive breast cell carcinoma, are indicated by an increased expression of both tumor markers.
Ein Vergleich der Genexpression von Genen und Tumor-assoziierten Molekülen in Zellinien mit unterschiedlichem metastatischen Potential ist in Fig. D dargestellt. Ergebnisse der in-situ-Hybridisierungen sind in Fig. E gezeigt.A comparison of the gene expression of genes and tumor-associated molecules in cell lines with different metastatic potential is shown in FIG. D. Results of the in situ hybridizations are shown in Fig. E.
Die erfindungsgemäß eindeutige Identifizierung von an der Metastasierung von Tumorgewebe beteiligten cDNA-Klonen ermöglicht auf einfache Weise sowohl eine umfassende Klonierung der vollständigen Gene ais auch eine funktionelle Analyse der im Menschen an der Ausprägung eines metastatischen Phänotyps beteiligten Gene. Dies eröffnet gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit, eine Vielzahl an metastasespezifischen, regulatorischen Sequenzen zu untersuchen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden besonders bei der weiteren Aufklärung molekularer Regulationsmechanismen zur Tumormetastasierung sehr hilfreich sein.The identification of cDNA clones involved in the metastasis of tumor tissue, which is unambiguous in accordance with the invention, enables in a simple manner both comprehensive cloning of the complete genes and functional analysis of the genes involved in the expression of a metastatic phenotype in humans. At the same time, this opens up the possibility of examining a large number of metastase-specific regulatory sequences. The knowledge gained will be particularly helpful in the further elucidation of molecular regulatory mechanisms for tumor metastasis.
Die Erkenntnisse der vorliegende Erfindung sind ferner zur besseren Diagnose von Krebserkrankungen, insbesondere der Typisierung des Krebszellstadiums und sich daran anschließende effizienterer Therapiemöglichkeiten geeignet Zur Behandlung von Tumorerkrankungen ist es denkbar, daß ausgehend von den zuvor genannten cDNA- Sequenzen komplementäre („antisense") mRNA-Sequenzen, insbesondere kürze Oligonukleotide abgeleitet werden und durch Einbringung dieser „antisense'-mRNASequenzen in Tumorzellen die Expression metastasespezifischer Gene posttranskriptional verringert oder unterbunden wird. Ferner ist eine Behandlung von Tumorerkrankungen denkbar, bei der auf posttranslationaler Ebene durch die spezifische Bindung von Stoffen oder Liganden an metastasespezifische Polypeptide letztere in ihrer Funktion behindert oder blockiert werden und somit die Tumormetastasierung verringert oder unterbunden wird.The findings of the present invention are also suitable for better diagnosis of cancer diseases, in particular the typing of the cancer cell stage and subsequent more efficient therapeutic options. For the treatment of tumor diseases, it is conceivable that, starting from the cDNA sequences mentioned above, complementary ("antisense") mRNA sequences in particular, short oligonucleotides are derived and the introduction of these “antisense” mRNA sequences into tumor cells reduces or suppresses the expression of metastasis-specific genes post-transcriptionally. Furthermore, a treatment of tumor diseases is conceivable in which the function of the latter is hindered or blocked in its function at the post-translational level by the specific binding of substances or ligands to metastasis-specific polypeptides and thus the tumor metastasis is reduced or prevented.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Verbindungen zur Tumorbehandlung, wobei eine metastasespezifische Gensequenz abgeleitet von wenigstens einer der cDNA-Sequenzen ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B in nicht-menschlichen Säugetierzellen, beispielsweiseThe present invention also relates to a method for identifying compounds for tumor treatment, wherein a metastasis-specific gene sequence derived from at least one of the cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B in non-human mammalian cells, for example
Rattenzellinien exprimiert werden, chemisch, biologisch und/ oder pharmazeutisch aktive Verbindungen, wie z. B. Proteine, Peptide oder niedermolekulare Verbindungen mit den zuvor genannten Zellen inkubiert werden und anschließend diejenigen Verbindungen ausgewählt werden, die eine modulierende Auswirkung auf die Expression der mit derRat cell lines are expressed, chemically, biologically and / or pharmaceutically active compounds, such as. B. proteins, peptides or low molecular weight compounds are incubated with the aforementioned cells and then those compounds are selected that have a modulating effect on the expression of the
Tumormetastasierung assoziierten Gene oder auf die Aktivität der durch sie kodierten Proteine zeigen. Ausgehend von diesen Verbindungen ist dieTumor metastasis associated genes or to the activity of the proteins encoded by them. Based on these connections, the
Herstellung von Mitteln denkbar, die zur Tumorbehandlung eingesetzt werden können.Production of agents conceivable that can be used for tumor treatment.
Unter modulierender Wirkung ist erfindungsgemäß eine Verstärkung oder Abschwächung zu verstehen. Hierbei ist erfindungsgemäß neben regulativen Wechselwirkungen an der Zelloberfläche auch eine interaktive Hemmung innerhalb der Zellen umfaßt.According to the invention, a modulating effect is to be understood as an amplification or weakening. In addition to regulatory interactions on the cell surface, this also includes interactive inhibition within the cells.
Die Einschleusung und Expression der erfindungsgemäß metastasespezifischen Gensequenzen in den nicht-menschlichen Säugetierzellen kann beispielsweise unter Zuhilfenahme eines geeigneten rekombinanten Vektors erfolgen-, enthaltend wenigstens eine erfindungsgemäße Gensequenz abgeleitet von einer cDNA-Sequenz ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B vollständige Gensequenzen oder funktioneilen Fragmente davon, beispielsweise kodierende Sequenzen, ferner regulatorische Nukleotidsequenzen, insbesondere aus der Gruppe der Promotoren, Terminatoren, Ziel-(target)- Sequenzen, Retentionssignale und Translationsverstärker,The introduction and expression of the metastase-specific gene sequences according to the invention in the non-human Mammalian cells can be carried out, for example, with the aid of a suitable recombinant vector, comprising at least one gene sequence according to the invention derived from a cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B complete gene sequences or functional fragments thereof, for example coding sequences, furthermore regulatory nucleotide sequences, in particular from the group of promoters, terminators, target sequences, retention signals and translation enhancers,
Spleißelemente, Poly-Adenylierungssignale oder Resistenz-vermittelnde Nukleotidsequenzen sowie Nukleotidsequenzen für die Replikation in der entsprechenden Zielzelle oder die Integration in deren Genom.Splice elements, poly-adenylation signals or resistance-mediating nucleotide sequences as well as nucleotide sequences for replication in the corresponding target cell or for integration into its genome.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ferner ein Meßsystem zur Identifizierung von Verbindungen zur Tumorbehandlung enthaltend wenigstens ein mit der Tumormetastasierung assoziiertes Gen ausgehend von einer cDNA-Sequenz gemäß Fig. A und/oder B oder Allele oder Homologe davon sowie wenigstens eine chemisch, biologisch und/oder pharmazeutisch aktive Verbindung.The present invention furthermore relates to a measuring system for identifying compounds for tumor treatment comprising at least one gene associated with tumor metastasis based on a cDNA sequence according to FIG. A and / or B or alleles or homologs thereof and at least one chemically, biologically and / or pharmaceutically active compound.
Das erfindungsgemäße Meßsystem bietet hier die Möglichkeit umfangreiche Regulations- und Bindungsstudien durchzuführen, mit dem primären Ziel festzustellen, ob und gegebenenfalls in welchen Bereichen die Verbindung einen Effekt auf die Genexpression ausübt, d.h. diese abschwächt oder verstärkt Das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Meßsystem kann beispielsweise nicht-menschliche Säugetierzelle, bevorzugt eine definierte Rattenzellinie sein.The measuring system according to the invention offers the possibility of carrying out extensive regulatory and binding studies with the primary aim of determining whether and, if appropriate, in which areas the compound has an effect on gene expression, i.e. this weakens or strengthens. The measuring system used according to the invention can be, for example, non-human mammalian cells, preferably a defined rat cell line.
Eine weitere Variante der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft ein Meßsystem enthaltend wenigstens ein mit der Tumormetastasierung assoziiertes Protein oder Isoformen davon kodiert durch eine Gensequenz oder deren Homologe ausgehend von einer cDNA-Sequenz gemäß Fig. A und/oder B sowie wenigstens eine chemisch, biologisch und/oder pharmazeutisch aktive Verbindung. Auch hier bietet das erfindungsgemäße Meßsystem die Möglichkeit umfangreiche Regulations- und Bindungsstudien durchzuführen, mit dem primären Ziel festzustellen, ob und gegebenenfalls in welchen Bereichen die Verbindung an ein mit der Tumormetastasierung assoziiertes Protein bindet und dieses in seiner Aktivität verändert, d.h. abschwächt oder verstärkt.A further variant of the present invention relates to a measuring system containing at least one protein associated with tumor metastasis or isoforms thereof encoded by a gene sequence or its homologues starting from a cDNA sequence according to FIG. A and / or B and at least one chemically, biologically and / or pharmaceutical active connection. Here too, the measuring system according to the invention offers the possibility of carrying out extensive regulation and binding studies, with the primary aim of determining whether and, if appropriate, in which areas the compound binds to a protein associated with tumor metastasis and changes its activity, ie weakens or amplifies it.
Ferner sind die Verbindungen selbst Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung und/oder ihr Einsatz zur Herstellung von Mitteln zur Behandlung von Tumorerkrankungen enthaltend Verbindungen identifiziert nach einem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren oder mit Hilfe eines zuvor beschriebenen Meßsystems.Furthermore, the compounds themselves are the subject of the present invention and / or their use for the preparation of agents for the treatment of tumor diseases containing compounds identified by a previously described method or with the aid of a previously described measuring system.
Außerdem betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung cDNA-Sequenzen ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B oder davon abgeleitete vollständige Gensequenzen, deren Homologe oder funktionell äquivalenteIn addition, the present invention relates to cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B or complete gene sequences derived therefrom, their homologues or functionally equivalent
Sequenzen zum Einsatz in einem der zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren oder Meßsystem. Dies schließt auch den Einsatz von Mischungen der erfindungsgemäßen cDNA-Sequenzen ein.Sequences for use in one of the previously described methods or measuring systems. This also includes the use of mixtures of the cDNA sequences according to the invention.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind auch die Genprodukte (Polypeptide), die unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen cDNA-The present invention also relates to the gene products (polypeptides) which, using the cDNA according to the invention,
Sequenzen hergestellt oder davon abgeleitet werden können.Sequences can be produced or derived therefrom.
Ebenso sind genetisch veränderte nicht-menschliche Säugetierzellen enthaltend wenigstens eine erfindungsgemäße cDNA-Sequenz ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B oder davon abgeleitete vollständige Gensequenzen, funktionelle Fragmente, deren Homologe oder Allele oder einen rekombinanten Vektor der zuvor beschriebenen Art oder Genprodukte der vorgenannten Art Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die vorliegende Erfindung umfaßt ferner Antikörper, die spezifisch an die genannten erfindungsgemäßen Genprodukte binden, wobei diese Antikörper unter Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen cDNA-Sequenzen und/oder Genprodukte hergestellt werden können.Likewise, genetically modified non-human mammalian cells containing at least one cDNA sequence according to the invention selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or complete gene sequences derived therefrom, functional fragments, their homologs or alleles or a recombinant vector of the type described above or gene products of the aforementioned kind the subject of the present invention. The present invention further comprises antibodies which bind specifically to the gene products according to the invention mentioned, it being possible for these antibodies to be produced using the cDNA sequences and / or gene products according to the invention.
Ferner kommt erfindungsgemäß eine Sonde zur spezifischen Hybridisierung mit Tumorgewebe zum Einsatz, wobei diese ausgehend von einer cDNA-Sequenz ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B oder davon abgeleiteten vollständigen Gensequenzen, deren Homologe oder funktionell äquivalenten Sequenzen hergestellt wird, eine zur Detektion geeignete, bevorzugt nicht radioaktive Markierung enthält und/oder 30 Nukleotide, bevorzugt 15-20, besonders bevorzugt 10 Nukleotide lang ist.Furthermore, a probe for specific hybridization with tumor tissue is used according to the invention, this starting from a cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B or derived from complete gene sequences, the homologues or functionally equivalent sequences of which is produced Detection contains suitable, preferably non-radioactive labeling and / or 30 nucleotides, preferably 15-20, particularly preferably 10 nucleotides in length.
Ferner ist ein Test-Kit Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, enthaltend wenigstens eine cDNA-Sequenz ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B oder davon abgeleitete vollständige Gensequenzen, funktionelle Genfragmente davon oder deren Homologe oder Allele, eine Anleitung zur Herstellung einer zuvor beschriebenen Sonde sowie Anleitungen zur Hybridisierung und Detektion von Nukleotidsequenzen aus Tumorgewebe. Bevorzugt wird der Einsatz einer Mischung mehrerer relevanter cDNA-Sequenzen.The present invention furthermore relates to a test kit, comprising at least one cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or complete gene sequences derived therefrom, functional gene fragments thereof or their homologs or alleles, instructions for producing a previously described probe and instructions for hybridization and detection of nucleotide sequences from tumor tissue. The use of a mixture of several relevant cDNA sequences is preferred.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner die Verwendung von Verbindungen identifiziert nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und/oder durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Meßsystem zur Herstellung von Mitteln, welche zur Tumorbehandlung verwendet werden können. Ebenso schließt die vorliegende Erfindung die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Antikörper zur Herstellung von Mitteln, welche zur Tumorbehandlung eingesetzt werden können, ein. Ferner eignen sich die erfindungsgemäßen cDNA-Sequenzen, Genprodukte, Antikörper und/oder Teile davon und/oder die erfindungsgemäßen an der Entstehung von Tumormetastasen beteiligten Verbindungen zum Einsatz in Bereichen der Tumormetastasen-Diagnostik und/oder -Therapie. Dies schließt beispielsweise in Bereichen der Tumordiagnostik auch die Identifizierung von weiteren Metastase-Tumormarkem humanen Ursprungs ein.The present invention further relates to the use of compounds identified by a method according to the invention and / or by a measuring system according to the invention for the production of agents which can be used for tumor treatment. The present invention also includes the use of the antibodies according to the invention for the production of agents which can be used for tumor treatment. The cDNA sequences, gene products, antibodies and / or are also suitable Parts thereof and / or the compounds according to the invention which are involved in the formation of tumor metastases for use in areas of tumor metastasis diagnosis and / or therapy. In the field of tumor diagnostics, for example, this also includes the identification of other metastasis tumor markers of human origin.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird durch die nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispiele näher charakterisiert, die sich aber nicht limitierend auf die Erfindung auswirken:The present invention is characterized in more detail by the following exemplary embodiments, which, however, have no limiting effect on the invention:
Allgemeine MethodenGeneral methods
Die Isolierung und Analyse von Nukleinsäuren, allgemeine Klonierungstechniken, DNA-Sequenzierung, RNA-Techniken, Methoden zum Transfer und zur Hybridisierung von Nukleinsäuren sind in Sambrook et al., Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press beschrieben, ebenso wie allgemeine Vorgehensweisen zur Zellkultivierung und histologische Techniken.The isolation and analysis of nucleic acids, general cloning techniques, DNA sequencing, RNA techniques, methods for transfer and hybridization of nucleic acids are also described in Sambrook et al., Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press such as general cell culture procedures and histological techniques.
Subtraktive Klonierung von differentieil exprimierten Genen (SSH) Die Herstellung einer differentiellen cDNA-Bank (Subtraktionsbank) nach dem Prinzip der sogenannten Suppressive Substractive Hybridization ist bei Diatchenko L. et al., 1996, Proc Natl Acad Sei USA, 93: 6025-6030 beschrieben. Die Subtraktionsreaktion erfolgte mit Hilfe des CLONTECH - PCR-Select cDNA Subtraction Kits der Firma Clontech Laboratories, Palo Alto, USA nach Herstellerangaben.Subtractive cloning of differentially expressed genes (SSH) The production of a differential cDNA bank (subtraction bank) according to the principle of so-called suppressive substractive hybridization is described in Diatchenko L. et al., 1996, Proc Natl Acad Sei USA, 93: 6025-6030 , The subtraction reaction was carried out using the CLONTECH - PCR-Select cDNA subtraction kit from Clontech Laboratories, Palo Alto, USA according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Analyse der cDNA-Klone der Subtraktionsbank am Beispiel der Rattenzellinie 13762Analysis of the cDNA clones of the subtraction bank using the example of the rat cell line 13762
Zur Überprüfung der Effizienz der Subtraktion über eine Southern-Blot- Analyse müssen amplifizierte Rsal -Fragmente des Drivers MTPa hergestellt werden, da es sich auch bei der subtrahierten Bank ML um Rsa/-verdaute cDNA-Fragmente handelt. Nach Rsai-Verdau der MTPa- cDNA wurden Adaptoren (Eco-Linkeή an die Fragmente ligiert und mit Hilfe der entsprechenden PCR-Primer (Eco-Linker-Primeή gemäß den Bedingungen der 2. PCR der SSH amplifiziert. MTLY wurde in Form der Testerfraktion 1c (s. SSH-Handbuch) eingesetzt.To check the efficiency of subtraction using a Southern blot analysis, amplified Rsal fragments from the driver MTPa are produced since the subtracted bank ML is also Rsa / -digested cDNA fragments. After Rsai digestion of the MTPa cDNA, adapters (Eco-Linkeή were ligated to the fragments and amplified using the corresponding PCR primers (Eco-Linker-Primeή according to the conditions of the 2nd PCR of the SSH. MTLY was in the form of the tester fraction 1c (see SSH manual).
Ligation in einen TA-VektorLigation into a TA vector
Die Ligation der PCR-Produkte der 2. PCR-Runde der SSH erfolgte in einem TA-Vektor (pCRII.1 , Invitrogen). Die Klonierung eines Inserts in den pCR.11.1 -Vektor unterbricht die kodierende Sequenz des ß- Galactosidase-Gens, sodaß rekombinante Klone (weiß) von Leervektoren (blau) unterschieden werden können. Da die verwendete Taq-Polymerase aber proofreading-AkϊiV ät besitzt, ist es notwendig, die PCR-Produkte nach vorangegangener Phenol/Chloroformextraktion, in einem weiteren Schritt für 15 min bei 72°C mit dATP und einer anderen Taq-DNA-Polymerase (Eurobio-Taq-Polymerase) zu inkubieren und wieder eine Phenol/Chloroformextraktion vorzunehmen. Die Ligation erfolgte mit der dem Vektor beigefügten T4-DNA-Ligase (Invitrogen) im Verhältnis 1 : 1 (je 25 ng Vektor und Subtrahierte Bank).The ligation of the PCR products of the 2nd PCR round of the SSH was carried out in a TA vector (pCRII.1, Invitrogen). The cloning of an insert in the pCR.11.1 vector interrupts the coding sequence of the β-galactosidase gene, so that recombinant clones (white) can be distinguished from empty vectors (blue). However, since the Taq polymerase used has proofreading activity, it is necessary to PCR products after a previous phenol / chloroform extraction, in a further step for 15 min at 72 ° C with dATP and another Taq DNA polymerase (Eurobio -Taq polymerase) and again perform a phenol / chloroform extraction. The ligation was carried out with the T4 DNA ligase (Invitrogen) added to the vector in a ratio of 1: 1 (each 25 ng vector and subtracted bank).
Transformation in elektrokompetente Bakterien und BlauA/Veiß- SortierungTransformation into electrocompetent bacteria and BlauA / Veiß sorting
Die in den pCRI 1.1 -Vektor ligierte Bank wurde in elektrokompetente Bakterien (ELEKTROMAX, Stamm DH10B, Invitrogen) transformiert und auf 15 cm große Bakterienschalen ausplattiert. Die Schalen enthielten neben LB-Agar, das Selektionsantibiotikum Ampicillin (100 , μg/ml), sowie 100 μM IPTG und X-Gal (50 μg/ml) zur Blau/Weiß- Sortierung. Die Bakterienschalen wurden bei 37°C inkubiert, bis kleine Kolonien sichtbar waren. Zur besseren Unterscheidung von weißen und blauen Kolonien wurden die Platten anschließend bei 4°C inkubiert.The bank ligated into the pCRI 1.1 vector was transformed into electrocompetent bacteria (ELEKTROMAX, strain DH10B, Invitrogen) and plated onto 15 cm large bacterial dishes. In addition to LB agar, the dishes contained the selection antibiotic ampicillin (100, μg / ml), as well as 100 μM IPTG and X-Gal (50 μg / ml) for blue / white sorting. The bacterial dishes were incubated at 37 ° C until small Colonies were visible. To better distinguish between white and blue colonies, the plates were then incubated at 4 ° C.
Picken von Klonen und Kolonie-PCRPicking clones and colony PCR
Eine Gesamtzahl von 1985 Klonen wurde unter Blau Weiß-Selektion gepickt, in sterile 96-vι/e//-Mikrotiterpiatten übertragen, die LB-Medium und Ampicillin enthielten (100μg/μl). Die Bakterien in diesen Platten wurden für 14 Stunden bei leichtem Schütteln bei RT wachsen gelassen. Zur Durchführung der Kolonie-PCR wurde mit Hilfe einer Multikanalpipette 10μl einer jeden Bakterienkultur entnommen und in eine 96-well-PCR-Platte übertragen und dort mit je 90μl sterilem Wasser vermischt. Zur Denaturierung wurde die Platte für 5 min bei 95°C in der PCR-Maschine (Perkin-Elmer 9600 thermal cycler) inkubiert. 5 μl eines jeden Lysats wurden mit einer Multikanalpipette in eine zweite 96-welI-PCR-Platte übertragen, in die jeweils 90 μl des PCR-Gemischs vorgelegt worden war. Die cDNA-Fragmente wurden mit Hilfe der Nested Primer 1 und 2 der Subtraktion amplifiziert.A total of 1985 clones were picked under blue-white selection, transferred into sterile 96-v / e // microtiter plates containing LB medium and ampicillin (100 μg / μl). The bacteria in these plates were grown for 14 hours with gentle shaking at RT. To perform the colony PCR, 10μl of each bacterial culture was removed using a multichannel pipette and transferred to a 96-well PCR plate, where it was mixed with 90μl sterile water. For denaturation, the plate was incubated for 5 min at 95 ° C. in the PCR machine (Perkin-Elmer 9600 thermal cycler). 5 μl of each lysate was transferred with a multichannel pipette into a second 96-well PCR plate into which 90 μl of the PCR mixture had been placed in each case. The cDNA fragments were amplified using nested primers 1 and 2 of the subtraction.
PCR-Mischung (50 μl-Ansatz):PCR mixture (50 μl mixture):
0,5 U Taq Polymerase (Promega), 5 μl 10xPCR-Puffer (Promega), 200 μM dNTPs, je 10 μmol des Nested Primers 1 und 2 der Subtraktionsreaktion + 5 μl des Bakterien lysats0.5 U Taq polymerase (Promega), 5 μl 10xPCR buffer (Promega), 200 μM dNTPs, 10 μmol each of the nested primers 1 and 2 of the subtraction reaction + 5 μl of the bacterial lysate
PCR-Bedingungen: 94°C, 30 Sekunden - 68°C, 30 Sekunden - 72°C, 30 SekundenPCR conditions: 94 ° C, 30 seconds - 68 ° C, 30 seconds - 72 ° C, 30 seconds
Reverse-Northern-Blot-Ana\yseReverse Northern blot Ana \ yse
Die Überprüfung, welche Klone tatsächlich differentieil exprimierte cDNA-Fragmente enthalten, erfolgte mittels einer Reverse-Northem- Blot-Analyse. Hierzu wurden die amplifizierten cDNA Fragmente (Kolonie-PCR) in identischer Anordnung auf 2 high cfens/'-y-Agarosegele (Centipede™-Gelelektrophoresekammern, Owl Scientific, Woburn, USA) aufgetragen. Es wurden 2 x 96 Proben (2 Mikrotiterplatten) pro Gel aufgetragen. Hierbei ist es von größter Wichtigkeit, daß beide Gele exakt gleich beladen werden. Auf den letzten Platz wurde jeweils eine GAPDH-Kontrolle zur späteren Quantifizierung der Signalstärke aufgetragen. Nach alkalischem Blotten (s. Southem~Blot-Ana\yse) wurden die Membranduplikate mit 32P-markierter Tester (MTLY)- bzw. Driver (MTPa)-cDNA (jeweils Rsal- verdaut), hybridisiert und autoradiographisch ausgewertet.The check, which clones actually contain differentially expressed cDNA fragments, was carried out using a reverse Northem Blot analysis. For this purpose, the amplified cDNA fragments (colony PCR) were applied in an identical arrangement to 2 high cfens / ' y agarose gels (Centipede ™ gel electrophoresis chambers, Owl Scientific, Woburn, USA). 2 x 96 samples (2 microtiter plates) were applied per gel. It is extremely important that both gels are loaded in exactly the same way. A GAPDH control was placed in the last place for later quantification of the signal strength. After alkaline blotting (see Southem ~ blot analysis), the duplicate membranes were hybridized with 32 P-labeled testers (MTLY) or driver (MTPa) cDNA (each Rsal digested), and evaluated by autoradiography.
Herstellung von Hybridisierungssonden der isolierten cDNA-Fragmente Die cDNA-Fragmente wurden zur Sondenherstellung dem Prinzip der Kolonie-PCR folgend, mit Hilfe der Nested Primer 1 und 2 der Subtraktion aus den entsprechenden Bakterienklonen amplifiziertPreparation of hybridization probes of the isolated cDNA fragments. The cDNA fragments were amplified for probe preparation according to the principle of colony PCR, using the nested primers 1 and 2 of subtraction from the corresponding bacterial clones
PCR-Mischung (50 μl-Ansatz):PCR mixture (50 μl mixture):
0,5 U Taq Polymerase (Promega), 5 μl 10xPCR-Puffer (Promega), 200 μM dNTPs, je 10 μmol des Nested Primers 1 und 2 der Subtraktionsreaktion + 5 μl des Bakterienlysats0.5 U Taq polymerase (Promega), 5 μl 10xPCR buffer (Promega), 200 μM dNTPs, 10 μmol each of the nested primers 1 and 2 of the subtraction reaction + 5 μl of the bacterial lysate
PCR-Bedingungen:PCR conditions:
94°C, 30 Sekunden - 68°C, 30 Sekunden - 72°C, 30 Sekunden94 ° C, 30 seconds - 68 ° C, 30 seconds - 72 ° C, 30 seconds
Das Ergebnis der erhaltenden und differentieil exprimierten cDNA- Fragmente ist in Fig. A und Fig. B zusammengefaßt, wobei Fig. A cDNA- Fragmente aus einer Mammakarzinom-spezifischen Bibliothek (MLSSH) repräsentieren und Fig. B cDNA-Fragmente aus einer Pankreas- spezifischen Bibliothek (PLSSH). FigurenbeschreibungThe result of the obtained and differentially expressed cDNA fragments is summarized in FIGS. A and B, with FIG. A representing cDNA fragments from a breast cancer-specific library (MLSSH) and FIG. B cDNA fragments from a pancreas-specific Library (PLSSH). figure description
Fig. A:Fig. A:
Auflistung der cDNA-Sequenzen der Mamakarzinom-spezifischen Bilbliothek erhalten durch Suppressive Substractive Hybridization (MLSSH).List of cDNA sequences of the breast cancer-specific library obtained by Suppressive Substractive Hybridization (MLSSH).
Fig. B:B:
Auflistung der cDNA-Sequenzen der Pankreas-spezifischen Bilbliothek erhalten durch Suppressive Substractive Hybridization (PLSSH).List of pancreas-specific library cDNA sequences obtained by suppressive substractive hybridization (PLSSH).
Fig. C: cDNA-Sequenzen von CD 24 und S7 als Tumormarker für invasives humanes Brust- und/oder Dickdarmtumorgewebe.C: cDNA sequences from CD 24 and S7 as tumor markers for invasive human breast and / or colon tumor tissue.
Fig. D:Fig. D:
Vergleich der Genexpression neuer Gene und Tumor-assoziierter Moleküle in Zellinien mit unterschiedlichem metastatischen Potential. Die Abbildung besteht aus Northem-Blots von vier unterschiedlichen Rattentumorsystemen und zwei humanen Brustkrebszellinien. Außer dem Paar MN081/MT450 bestehen alle benutzten Tumorsysteme aus klonalen Zellinien, die von einem primären Tumor abstammen und sich nur in ihrer Metastasierungskapazität unterscheiden. Dieses metastatische Potential ist angezeigt Jede Spur der Northern-Blots wurde mit je 2ug poly-A+ RNA beladen. Die Blots wurden mit verschiedenen differentieil experimenten cDNAs, die in den MLSSH und PLSSH Subtraktionsbanken (Screens) isoliert wurden, hybridisiert. Die benutzten Hybridierungsproben wurden zufällig aus den in den MLSSH und PLSSH Screens isolierten metastasierungs-spezifischen Genen ausgewält Sie repräsentieren in jeden Fall 10% der isolierten Gene. Eine grobe Klassifizierung (korrelativer Index) soll die Korrelation zwischen der Expression der Gene und dem metastatischen Potential der untersuchten Zellinien beschreiben. Gene, deren Expression in allen metastatischen Zellinien hochreguliert und in allen nicht-metastatischen Zellen nicht vorhanden bzw. signifikant reduziert ist, wurden mit +++ bezeichnet. Gene, die deutlich differentieil aber nicht ausschließlich in metastatischen Zellen exprimiert sind, wurden mit ++ oder + bezeichnet, abhängig von der Stärke der Korrelation der Expression mit dem metastatischen Potential. Die Expression einiger Klone zeigte eine starke Assoziation mit dem metastatischen Potential in nur einem Tumorprogressionsmodell.Comparison of gene expression of new genes and tumor-associated molecules in cell lines with different metastatic potential. The image consists of Northem blots from four different rat tumor systems and two human breast cancer cell lines. In addition to the pair MN081 / MT450, all tumor systems used consist of clonal cell lines that originate from a primary tumor and differ only in their metastatic capacity. This metastatic potential is indicated. Each lane of the Northern blots was loaded with 2ug poly-A + RNA. The blots were hybridized with various different experiments cDNAs isolated in the MLSSH and PLSSH subtraction banks (screens). The hybridization samples used were selected randomly from the metastasis-specific genes isolated in the MLSSH and PLSSH screens. They represent in any case 10% of the isolated genes. A rough classification (correlative index) is intended to correlate the expression of the genes with the Describe the metastatic potential of the investigated cell lines. Genes whose expression is upregulated in all metastatic cell lines and which is not present or significantly reduced in all non-metastatic cells were designated +++. Genes that are clearly differentially expressed but not exclusively in metastatic cells were labeled ++ or +, depending on the strength of the correlation of the expression with the metastatic potential. The expression of some clones showed a strong association with the metastatic potential in only one tumor progression model.
Fig. E:Fig. E:
In-Situ-Hybridisierung. Schnitte (6μm) von Formaidehyd-fixierten und in Paraffin-eingebetteten menschlichen Karzinomen wurden mit 35S-UTP oder Fluoreszenz-markierter „sense" und „antisense" RNA hybridisiert und anschließend mit Hämatoxylin und Eosin (H und E) gegengefärbt. Die Karzinome wurden entsprechend der UICC-Richtlinien eingestuft. Die Maßstäbe repräsentieren 100 μm (a, b, e, f), 40 μm (c, d) und 20 μm (g, h). a-b (a, „sense" kontrolle; b, „antisense" radioaktiv markierte CD24-Probe): CD24-Expression in einem mäßig differenzierten Adenokarzinom des Darms, eingestuft als pT3C; p21; pNO; pM1. Der Schnitt zeigt signifikante CD24-Überexpression in intra-duktalen Karzinomzellen (Lokalisation im Zytoplasma), während die nicht-neoplastische Mucosa nur schwach positiv ist (konstante basale Expression), c-d (c, „sense" kontrolle; d, „antisense" radioaktiv markierte CD24-Probe): CD24-Expression in einem mäßig invasiven duktalen, mäßig differenzierten Brustkarzinom, eingestuft als pT2; pNIbii. Ein positives Signal war im Karzinom, aber nicht im umliegenden Stroma nachweisbar, e-f (e, „sense" kontrolle; f, „antisense" radioaktiv markierte S7-Probe): S7- Expression in einem mäßig differenzierten Adenokarzinom des Darms, eingestuft als pT3C; p21 ; pNO; pM1. Der Schnitt zeigt signifikante S7- Überexpression (vorherrschende Lokalisation im Nukleus) im Karzinom, aber sehr schwache Expression in der nicht-neoplastischen Mucosa. h-g (h, „sense" kontrolle; g, „antisense" Fluoreszenz-markierte S7-Probe): Expression von S7 in einem wenig differenzierten invasiven duktalen Brustkarzinom, eingestuft als PT-1C; G3, N-1B1 oder I, R-O, L-1. Ein starkes nukleares Signal war im intraduktalen Karzinom nachweisbar, aber fast kein Signal wurde im Stroma beobachtet. In situ hybridization. Sections (6μm) of formaidehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded human carcinomas were hybridized with 35 S-UTP or fluorescence-labeled "sense" and "antisense" RNA and then counterstained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). The carcinomas were classified according to the UICC guidelines. The scales represent 100 μm (a, b, e, f), 40 μm (c, d) and 20 μm (g, h). ab (a, "sense"control; b, "antisense" radioactively labeled CD24 sample): CD24 expression in a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the intestine, classified as pT3C; p21; pNO; pM1. The section shows significant CD24 overexpression in intra-ductal carcinoma cells (localization in the cytoplasm), while the non-neoplastic mucosa is only weakly positive (constant basal expression), cd (c, "sense"control; d, "antisense" radioactively labeled CD24 sample): CD24 expression in a moderately invasive ductal, moderately differentiated breast carcinoma, classified as pT2; pNIbii. A positive signal was detectable in the carcinoma, but not in the surrounding stroma, ef (e, "sense"control; f, "antisense" radioactively labeled S7 sample): S7 expression in a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the intestine, classified as pT3C; p21; pNO; pM1. The cut shows significant S7 Overexpression (predominant localization in the nucleus) in the carcinoma, but very poor expression in the non-neoplastic mucosa. hg (h, "sense"control; g, "antisense" fluorescence-labeled S7 sample): Expression of S7 in a poorly differentiated invasive ductal breast carcinoma, classified as PT-1C; G3, N-1B1 or I, RO, L-1. A strong nuclear signal was detectable in intraductal carcinoma, but almost no signal was seen in the stroma.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Verfahren zur Identifizierung von metastasierenden Tumorzellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß wenigstens eine cDNA-Sequenz ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß den Fig. A und/oder B oder davon abgeleitete vollständige Gensequenzen, funktionelle1. A method for identifying metastatic tumor cells, characterized in that at least one cDNA sequence selected from a population according to FIGS. A and / or B or complete gene sequences derived therefrom, functional
Genfragmente davon oder deren Homologe oder Allele zur Hybridisierung mit Tumorgewebe eingesetzt werden.Gene fragments thereof or their homologs or alleles are used for hybridization with tumor tissue.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die cDNA- Sequenzen ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. B an der2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. B on the
Metastasierung von Pankreastumorgewebe und/oder ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A an der Metastasierung von Brusttumorgewebe beteiligt sind.Metastasis of pancreatic tumor tissue and / or selected from a population according to FIG. A are involved in the metastasis of breast tumor tissue.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die cDNA-Sequenzen gemäß Fig. C an der Metastasierung von humanem Brust- und/oder Dickdarmtumorgewebe beteiligt sind.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cDNA sequences according to FIG. C are involved in the metastasis of human breast and / or colon tumor tissue.
4. Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Verbindungen zur Tumorbehandlung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß a) eine metastasespezifische Gensequenz abgeleitet von wenigstens einer der cDNA-Sequenzen ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B in nicht-menschlichen Säugetierzellen exprimiert werden, b) chemisch, biologisch und/ oder pharmazeutisch aktive Verbindungen mit den zuvor genannten Zellen inkubiert werden, c) diejenigen Verbindungen ausgewählt werden, die eine modulierende Auswirkung auf die Expression der mit der Tumormetastasierung assoziierten Genen oder auf die Aktivität der durch sie kodierten Proteine zeigen.4. A method for identifying compounds for tumor treatment, characterized in that a) a metastase-specific gene sequence derived from at least one of the cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B is expressed in non-human mammalian cells, b) chemically , biologically and / or pharmaceutically active compounds are incubated with the aforementioned cells, c) those compounds are selected which have a modulating effect on the expression of the Tumor metastasis associated genes or to the activity of the proteins encoded by them.
5. Meßsystem zur Identifizierung von Verbindungen zur Tumorbehandlung enthaltend wenigstens ein mit der Tumormetastasierung assoziiertes Gen ausgehend von einer cDNA-5. Measuring system for identifying compounds for tumor treatment containing at least one gene associated with tumor metastasis starting from a cDNA
Sequenz gemäß Fig. A und/oder B sowie wenigstens eine chemisch, biologisch und/oder pharmazeutisch aktive Verbindung.Sequence according to Fig. A and / or B and at least one chemically, biologically and / or pharmaceutically active compound.
6. Meßsystem gemäß Anspruch 5 enthaltend wenigstens ein mit der Tumormetastasierung assoziiertes Protein kodiert durch ein Gen ausgehend von einer cDNA-Sequenz gemäß Fig. A und/oder B sowie wenigstens eine chemisch, biologisch und/oder pharmazeutisch aktive Verbindung.6. Measuring system according to claim 5 containing at least one associated with tumor metastasis encoded by a gene based on a cDNA sequence according to FIG. A and / or B and at least one chemically, biologically and / or pharmaceutically active compound.
7. Verbindungen identifiziert nach einem Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 4 oder mit Hilfe eines Meßsystems gemäß einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6.7. Connections identified by a method according to claim 4 or with the aid of a measuring system according to one of claims 5 or 6.
8. cDNA-Sequenzen ausgewählt aus einer Population gemäß Fig. A und/oder B oder . davon abgeleitete vollständige Gensequenzen, funktionelle Genfragmente, deren Homologe oder Allele zum Einsatz in einem Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 oder in einem8. cDNA sequences selected from a population according to FIG. A and / or B or. complete gene sequences derived therefrom, functional gene fragments, their homologs or alleles for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or in one
Meßsystem gemäß einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6.Measuring system according to one of claims 5 or 6.
9. Genprodukte hergestellt unter Verwendung wenigstens einer cDNA- Sequenz gemäß Anspruch 8.9. Gene products produced using at least one cDNA sequence according to claim 8.
10. Genetisch veränderte nicht-menschliche Säugetierzellen enthaltend wenigstens eine cDNA-Sequenz gemäß Anspruch 8 oder wenigstens ein Genprodukt gemäß Anspruch 9. 10. Genetically modified non-human mammalian cells containing at least one cDNA sequence according to claim 8 or at least one gene product according to claim 9.
11.Antikörper zur spezifischen Bindung an ein Genprodukt gemäß Anspruch 9, hergestellt unter Verwendung wenigstens einer cDNA- Sequenz gemäß Anspruch 8 oder eines Genproduktes gemäß Anspruch 9.11. Antibody for specific binding to a gene product according to claim 9, produced using at least one cDNA sequence according to claim 8 or a gene product according to claim 9.
12. Sonde zur spezifischen Hybridisierung mit Tumorgewebe dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ausgehend von wenigstens einer cDNA-12. Probe for specific hybridization with tumor tissue, characterized in that it starts from at least one cDNA
Sequenz gemäß Anspruch 8 hergestellt wird, eine zur Detektion geeignete Markierung enthält und/oder 30 Nukleotide, bevorzugt 15- 20, besonders bevorzugt 10 Nukleotide lang istSequence according to claim 8 is produced, contains a label suitable for detection and / or 30 nucleotides, preferably 15-20, particularly preferably 10 nucleotides in length
13.Test-Kit enthaltend wenigstens eine cDNA-Sequenz gemäß Anspruch 8, eine Anleitung zur Herstellung einer Sonde gemäß Anspruch 12 sowie Anleitungen zur Hybridisierung und Detektion von Nukleotidsequenzen aus Tumorgewebe.13.Test kit containing at least one cDNA sequence according to claim 8, instructions for producing a probe according to claim 12 and instructions for hybridization and detection of nucleotide sequences from tumor tissue.
14. Verwendung von Verbindungen gemäß Anspruch 7 zur Herstellung von Mitteln zur Behandlung von Krebserkrankungen.14. Use of compounds according to claim 7 for the preparation of agents for the treatment of cancer.
15. Verwendung von Antikörpern gemäß Anspruch 11 zur Herstellung von Mitteln zur Behandlung von Krebserkrankungen. 15. Use of antibodies according to claim 11 for the preparation of agents for the treatment of cancer.
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