EP1355812A1

EP1355812A1 - Device for recognising the risk of aquaplaning which can occur during the driving of a vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP1355812A1
Application number: EP01999496A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Markus Raab
Original assignee: DaimlerChrysler AG
Current assignee: Mercedes Benz Group AG
Priority date: 2000-12-04
Filing date: 2001-11-17
Publication date: 2003-10-29
Also published as: WO2002046008A1; US20030101805A1; US6856882B2; JP2004515402A; DE10060333A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for recognising the risk of aquaplaning which can occur during the driving of a vehicle. Said device comprises a first means enabling a first traction variable to be determined, describing the traction of the vehicle based on the operating condition of the motor and/or the drive train. The inventive device also comprises second means enabling a second traction variable to be determined, describing the actual traction of the vehicle when driving, resulting from the longitudinal acceleration acting on said vehicle. The presence of the risk of aquaplaning is deduced according to a deviation between the first and the second traction variables.

Description

Device for recognizing a risk of aquaplaning occurring while a vehicle is in operation

The invention relates to a device for detecting an aquaplaning hazard that occurs during the driving operation of a vehicle. Such devices are known from the prior art in many modifications.

DE 43 17 030 C2 discloses a method for recognizing a driving state on a vehicle when the road is wet. For this purpose, the wheel speeds, the vehicle speed, the signal determined with the aid of a wet sensor and the outside temperature are fed to a computer. The wheel speeds are calculated from the wheel speeds and the vehicle speed. The slip values for the individual wheels are determined using the wheel speeds and the vehicle speed. The signal from the wetness sensor is fed to a map computer together with the slip values and the vehicle speed. The map computer compares the incoming signals with a wet map. A driving condition assessment is calculated from the wetness map and a coefficient of friction map, which is related to the water level. The driving condition assessment is supplemented by the signals from the temperature sensor. When driving in wet conditions, the driving state judging thus calculated and the aquaplaning level of danger will be communicated through a Wasserhöhe- and aquaplaning indicator, a ^'possible slip and friction display and a temperature display to the driver. The values from the driving condition assessment are also available to initiate countermeasures against aquaplaning. With this method, it is disadvantageous that the presence of an aquaplaning risk is determined using a map computer. The use of a map computer requires a lot of effort in the application, because numerous driving tests must be carried out with which the individual maps stored in the map computer are determined.

DE 196 08 064 C2 discloses a method and a device for determining the grip of road wheels in motor vehicles on a non-dry road surface. For this purpose, a force acting on at least one wheel is measured continuously. A signal describing the road grip is generated from this measured force. The force measurement is a surge force acting on a wheel in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle when the road is not dry. From this surge force and the current vehicle speed, a signal is generated which corresponds to the speed at which the vehicle will float at the current water film thickness. The surge force is detected from deformations occurring in the chassis. For this purpose, either displacement sensors are provided in elastic bearings in which the wishbone is mounted, since the surge force causes deformations in these bearings via the wishbone. Or sensors are used that record the accelerations of the wheel carrier.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of additional sensors, which are required to detect the deformations occurring in the chassis.

Against this background, the following task arises: A device for detecting an aquaplaning risk that occurs during the driving operation of a vehicle is to be created, in which the effort required for the application is low and which without sensors for detecting deformations occurring in the chassis. The same should apply to the method carried out with the device according to the invention.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 or by that of claim 14.

The detection according to the invention of a risk of aquaplaning occurring during the driving operation of a vehicle, which runs in the device according to the invention according to the method according to the invention, is based on the approach of the pulse set of the vehicle in the longitudinal direction. The equation results from the set of impulses

FSW = FA ~ FLW - FRW - mfzg - (ax - g - θ) (1)

The following forces are taken into account according to this equation:

- The driving forces FA on the driven wheels.

- The drag force FLW.

- The rolling resistance FRW, which results from the deformation work on the wheel and road.

- The force mfzg- (ax-g-θ) resulting from the longitudinal acceleration ax-g-θ acting on the vehicle. The longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle is determined, for example, with the aid of a longitudinal acceleration sensor. Thus, two components are included in the longitudinal acceleration: A first component ax, which is based on the engine torque generated by the engine. A second component g-θ, into which the inclination θ of the roadway on which the vehicle is located enters.

- The surge resistance force FSW, which arises from the fact that the water film must be displaced between the tire and the road on a wet road. The surge resistance force is usually a force directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, the greater the greater the vehicle speed and the greater the water film thickness. Equation (1) can be interpreted as follows: The first three terms on the right-hand side represent a first propulsion quantity that describes the propulsion of the vehicle that is to be expected on the basis of the operating state of the engine and / or the drive train. The torque given off by the engine is transmitted to the driven wheels via the drive train, which is essentially composed of the clutch, the transmission, which can be designed as a manual or automatic transmission, and the differential gear. Taking into account the engine speed, the wheel speeds and the gear stage set in each case, the driving forces FA on the driven wheels result. Due to the operating state of the engine and / or the drive train, a certain value of the vehicle speed is set. This value depends on the one hand on the air resistance force FLW and on the other hand the rolling resistance force FRW via the dependence of the rolling resistance coefficient on the vehicle speed. It is clear that, with a view to the propulsion of the vehicle, the driving forces on the wheels are reduced by the air resistance force and the rolling resistance force. In summary, it can be stated: The operating state of the engine and / or the drive train, which is defined by the engine torque, the transmission ratio, the engine speed and the wheel speeds, allows the anticipated propulsion of the vehicle to be determined, because on the one hand this operating state the driving forces on the driven wheels are predetermined, and on the other hand the air resistance force and the rolling resistance force depend on this operating state. Other factors that influence the expected propulsion are not taken into account, since they can be neglected in comparison to those listed above.

The fourth term mfzg- (ax-g-θ) on the right-hand side represents a second propulsion quantity. This describes the propulsion that is present in the driving mode of the vehicle and which is due to of the longitudinal acceleration ax-g-θ acting on the vehicle. The longitudinal acceleration required for this is detected with the aid of a suitable sensor means

Ideally, i.e. in the case of a dry road surface, if there is no water film between the tires and the road surface, the first and second jacking quantities are of the same value. In this case, the left term of the above equation, which is referred to as surge resistance, has the value zero. If, on the other hand, the road surface is wet and a water film forms between the tire and the road surface, then the value of the first propulsion quantity is greater than the second, because in this case the water film must be displaced and there is a non-zero surge resistance force. Consequently, the value of the surge resistance represents a measure of an existing water film and thus of a possible aquaplaning risk and can therefore be evaluated in this regard.

So if there is a deviation between the anticipated propulsion and the resultant propulsion, the reason for this is a surge resistance force that arises due to the water film that forms between the tire and the road surface. On the basis of this fact, the following device according to the invention results for the detection of an aquaplaning risk that occurs during the driving operation of a vehicle:

The device according to the invention contains first means with which a first propulsion quantity is determined, which describes the propulsion of the vehicle, which is to be expected on the basis of the operating state of the engine and / or the drive train. Furthermore, the device according to the invention contains second means with which a second propulsion quantity is determined. This describes the propulsion that occurs when the vehicle is in motion, which occurs due to the longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle. Depending on a Between the first and the second propulsion quantity, the existence of the aquaplaning risk is concluded. This deviation represents the surge resistance force described above.

This procedure has the advantage that a possible aquaplaning risk can be recognized in a simple manner. On the one hand, in today's vehicles, the variables with which the operating state of the engine and / or the drive train are described are available via a bus system (CAN bus) contained in the vehicle. On the other hand, the longitudinal acceleration required for determining the second propulsion variable can be provided in a simple manner with the aid of a suitable sensor means. It is therefore possible to dispense with the complex map computer known from the prior art. In addition, no sensors are required to detect deformations occurring in the chassis.

Advantageously, third means are provided with which a deviation quantity is determined which describes the deviation existing between the first and the second propulsion quantity. As described above, the amount of deviation corresponds to the surge resistance force. The risk of aquaplaning is present when the deviation quantity is greater than a predetermined or equal to a predetermined threshold value.

The threshold value is advantageously determined as a function of the deviation quantity and a quantity describing the vehicle speed.

As already stated, the first jacking quantity consists of three parts. The individual shares are as follows:

- A first part that describes the driving forces that are present on the driven wheels due to the operating state of the engine and / or the drive train. This The first part is determined as a function of a variable describing the engine torque, a variable describing the transmission ratio, a variable describing the speed of the motor and the variable describing the speed of the wheels. By taking into account the speed of the motor and the speed of the wheels, a dynamic determination of the driving forces is possible. The translation ig should include all the transmission in the drive train. The drive forces are determined by evaluating the set of swirls set up for the motor and for the drive wheels.

A second part that describes the air resistance when the vehicle is in motion. The second portion is determined as a function of the variables describing the structure and / or the geometry of the vehicle and a variable describing the vehicle speed. In the specific case, the second portion of the drag force corresponds to that according to the equation

cLW - p - A - vf ² FLW = - ^ ^J - (2)

is determined. The variables used in this equation have the following meaning:

- cLW is the drag coefficient of the vehicle,

- A is the front face of the vehicle,

- p is the air density, and

- vf is the vehicle speed.

The values for the sizes cLW and A, which represent the sizes describing the structure and / or the geometry of the vehicle and are therefore vehicle-specific, are determined in advance as part of the application. A constant can be used for size p. - A third part, which describes the rolling resistance when the vehicle is in operation. The third portion is determined as a function of a size describing the tire condition and a size describing the vehicle mass. In the specific case, the third part of the rolling resistance corresponds to that according to the equation

FRW = kRW (vf) - mfzg - g (3]

is determined. The variables used in this equation have the following meaning:

- kRW (vf) is the quantity describing the tire condition. This tire-specific size is the rolling resistance coefficient of the tires. The rolling resistance coefficient depends on the size describing the vehicle speed and increases with increasing vehicle speed. During the driving operation of the vehicle, the rolling resistance coefficient can be read out, for example, from a characteristic curve depending on the value of the vehicle speed.

- vehicle is the mass of the vehicle.

- g is the acceleration due to gravity.

The determination of the third part is more accurate if the sum of the individual wheel loads is used instead of the vehicle mass. The individual wheel loads are determined, for example, from the deflection distances determined for the individual wheels. The deflection paths are in turn available as information if the vehicle has, for example, an active chassis or air suspension.

The second propulsion quantity is determined as a function of a quantity that describes the vehicle mass and an acceleration quantity that describes the longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle. The longitudinal acceleration is determined using a suitable sensor. Advantage- A longitudinal acceleration sensor is used for this purpose, by means of which the longitudinal acceleration is measured in a vehicle-fixed manner.

As an alternative to using a longitudinal acceleration sensor, the following procedure can be used to determine the longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle: As already shown above, the longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle is composed of two parts. The first component ax can be determined from the wheel speeds or the vehicle speed. The second component g-θ can be determined using a navigation system. The navigation system knows the position of the vehicle and can use a map in digital form, which, among other things. Contains information about the inclination of the road, which provides the inclination of the road at the respective position. The inclination of the road can also be provided with the aid of image processing, with which the course of the route is evaluated.

With the device according to the invention, the surge resistance force can be determined directly from the driving forces on the driven wheels, the vehicle speed and the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle.

Advantageously, other influencing factors are taken into account when recognizing a risk of aquaplaning. Various means are provided for this:

- Fourth means by which the road condition is recorded. These means are means for determining the coefficient of friction between the tire and the road surface. Since the rolling resistance coefficient depends on the pairing of tires and road surface, a knowledge of the friction coefficient can be used to provide a rolling resistance coefficient that describes the driving mode more precisely. Fifth means with which air movements independent of the driving operation of the vehicle are recorded. These air movements should, for example, be a headwind or tailwind. Since these air movements lead to movements of the body, means are provided to detect them, with which the individual wheel deflections of the vehicle are evaluated. By taking into account the air movements that are independent of the driving operation, a more precise determination of the air resistance force and thus ultimately of the deviation variable is possible.

Sixth means with which the number and / or the type of consumers activated during the driving operation of the vehicle is recorded. These consumers are, for example, one in a steering system (e.g. pump of an auxiliary power steering system) and / or one in a braking system (e.g. return pump) and / or one in a lighting system and / or one in the interior of the vehicle (e.g. air conditioning system) ) arranged consumers. The number and / or the type of consumers activated during the driving operation of the vehicle is taken into account for the following reason: The consumers listed above are usually fed electrically via the alternator or driven directly by the engine. If many consumers are now active during driving, the alternator must deliver a high power in the first case, which means that not all of the power generated by the engine is available for propulsion on the driven wheels. The same applies in the second case. With knowledge of the number and / or type of activated consumers, it can thus be estimated which portion of the power generated by the engine is not available for propulsion. Errors in determining the driving forces can thus be reduced. The drop in performance caused by the activated consumers is taken into account with the help of model considerations. The road condition and / or the air movements independent of the driving mode of the vehicle and / or the number and / or the type of consumers activated during the driving mode of the vehicle is taken into account when recognizing the risk of aquaplaning. On the basis of this consideration, a more precise determination of the deviation variable, ie the surge resistance force, is possible, which makes the detection of an aquaplaning risk more reliable.

The driver is advantageously warned of the risk of aquaplaning. However, since it is not ensured that the driver reacts to this warning at all, or if he reacts that he responds correctly or in good time, the information about an existing aquaplaning risk is advantageously provided to at least one device for influencing a quantity describing the vehicle movement and processed there. The information provided can be a relative measure of the loss of traction that occurs due to the water film between the tire and the road surface. The information is advantageously supplied to devices which can reduce the speed of the vehicle through engine and / or brake interventions. These devices can be, for example, traction control or a device for controlling the yaw rate of the vehicle, which is widely known as vehicle dynamics control (ESD) or ESP (electronic stability program).

There is also a two-step procedure: For this purpose, the deviation quantity is compared with a first threshold value and a second threshold value that is greater than the first. If the first threshold value is exceeded, the driver is first warned. If the second threshold value is exceeded, the vehicle speed reducing measures are carried out. It has proven to be advantageous that the device according to the invention is equipped with detection means with which it can be determined whether a wet roadway is present or not. This information can be processed as follows: On the one hand, it is possible to carry out the detection of the aquaplaning risk only when there is a wet road. Since the risk of aquaplaning can only occur on a wet road, the detection according to the invention is only necessary when the road is wet. This situation-dependent implementation contributes to the fact that, when the roadway is dry, computing capacity is unnecessarily tied up for an unnecessary detection of an aquaplaning risk in this situation.

On the other hand, the detection of the aquaplaning risk is also carried out if it is determined that there is no wet road. This means that the detection of the aquaplaning risk is carried out permanently, regardless of whether the roadway is wet or not. In the case of a dry roadway, variables can thus be determined and / or checked, which are taken into account when recognizing the risk of aquaplaning. This determination and / or check is therefore carried out on a dry roadway, since there is no surge resistance in this situation. As already shown above, the first and second propulsion variables would ideally have the same value in a dry road. However, if there is a discrepancy between these two propulsion quantities, there can be two reasons for this: firstly, when using the sixth means to estimate the proportion of the power generated by the engine that is not available for propulsion, there can be a discrepancy between actual case. In this case, for example, the models on which the estimation is based are adapted while driving on the dry roadway in such a way that the first and second propulsion quantities approximate in value. On the other hand, the third part, the describes the rolling resistance present when the vehicle is in motion, deviate from the rolling resistance actually present. One reason for this may be that the tire condition has changed during the service life of the tire, and this is no longer adequately described by the size describing the tire condition. In this case, the size describing the condition of the tire is adapted while driving on a dry roadway in such a way that the first and second propulsion sizes approximate in value.

With regard to the third part, it is also conceivable that the tire pressure changes during the service life of a tire. A change in tire pressure also leads to a change in rolling resistance. It is therefore also advisable to check the tire pressure, in particular while driving on a dry road, and to adapt the value of the third portion if necessary. The tire pressure can be checked using devices known from the prior art which are arranged in vehicles for checking the tire pressure.

The values determined and / or checked in the case of a dry roadway are stored in a memory available in the device according to the invention and are therefore available when the detection of a risk of aquaplaning is to be carried out on a wet roadway. This increases the security in the detection of an aquaplaning risk according to the invention.

The detection means is advantageously a moisture sensor attached in the area of the vehicle wheels. As an alternative or in addition, the actuation of the windshield wiper and / or the signal of a rain sensor, which serves for the wiping speed of the windshield wiper to automatically adapt to the intensity of the rain, can also be evaluated. At this point it should be explained again why the surge resistance is evaluated to detect a risk of aquaplaning: The assessment of the surge resistance has a preview function. Significant changes in surge resistance occur in good time before a critical loss of adhesion, such as occurs with aquaplaning. Thus, a risk of aquaplaning can be recognized early.

Further advantageous configurations can be found in the description and the drawing. The advantageous refinements that result from any combination of the subclaims should also be included.

The embodiment is described below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention in the form of a block diagram,

2 shows a flowchart which takes place in the device according to the invention for detecting an aquaplaning risk which occurs during the driving operation of a vehicle,

A block 101 in FIG. 1 shows the first means with which the first propulsion variable c is determined. For this purpose, different signals and / or variables S2 are supplied to block 101 starting from a block 107. These signals and / or quantities include a quantity Mmot describing the engine torque, a quantity ig describing the transmission ratio, a quantity nmot describing the speed of the motor, quantities nij describing the rotational speeds of the wheels, a quantity vf describing the vehicle speed and a mass of the vehicle's descriptive size. The variable vf describing the vehicle speed is determined in a known manner from the wheel speeds vij in turn result from the wheel speeds nij. Starting from equation (1), the first propulsion variable cf. is determined, for example, according to the equation cf. = FA - FLW - FRW. The first advance quantity cf is fed to a block 103.

102 denotes second means with which the second propulsion variable vg2 is determined. For this purpose, block 102 is supplied with a quantity mfzg describing the mass of the vehicle, starting from block 107. On the other hand, a variable ax-g-θ which describes the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle and is determined with the aid of an acceleration sensor 104 is supplied to block 102. The second propulsion quantity, which is determined on the basis of equation (1) in accordance with the relationship vg2 = mfzg- (ax-g-θ), is also fed to block 103.

The quantity describing the mass of the vehicle is either a predefined quantity which was applied in advance and which is stored and can therefore only represent an estimated quantity. Or it is a quantity that is determined while the vehicle is in operation. This determination does not necessarily have to take place in block 107. An independent means can also be provided for this.

In block 103, which represents third means, the deviation variable FSW is determined, which describes the deviation present between the first and the second propulsion quantity. This is done, for example, according to equation (1) above. As already stated, the deviation quantity is the surge resistance force FSW. The deviation variable FSW is compared with an associated threshold value. If the deviation variable FSW is greater than this threshold value or equal to this threshold value, then there is a risk of aquaplaning and a quantity aquaplgef is output to a block 106 and to block 107. 3 U r co C 3 öd Φ φ μ- co? tQ σ o α Λ OO TI S? o SD tr S INI SD 3 α ö μ- μ- μ- o Φ μ- φ μ- μ- 3 φ Φ Φ 3 o μ- ti μ- SD μ- SD er Φ Φ μ- O 3 IV μ- μ- Φ φ r + KΩ. li li rr μ- 3 P 3 3 Hi hi 3 Φ φ Φ 3 ^J rt - 3 μ- rt Cn 3 φ rt hj μ-

3 _^ KQ 3 SD Ω μ- N 3 hi rt Φ SD: s: rt er Φ to co u τι PJ Φ 3 Φ Φ Φ 3 3 ^" 3" rt <! 3 3 er Φ μ- 3 hh Φ Φ μ- rt φ φ TI rt μ- φ φ co μ- li μ- 3 li Hi oc S μ- Φ 3 3: H 3 3 μ- li rt SD Φ

3 = Φ Ω 3 3 φ P φ ιQ: CL hj Φ Φ H- rt- 3 Hi μ- 3 rt 3 3 φ co Φ tr 3 to SD o hj t r + N Φ co 3 3- μ- co hh hi hi Φ KQ hh CL 3 Ω ι μ- hj co tr Φ rr Hi ttf N μ- li φ 1_. μ- hi Φ rt 3: CL μ- s: φ r + N tr Φ μ- ¹ φ cö μ- LQ μ- μ- • φ μ ^j rt iQ Hl Φ Ω 3 φ 3 'Φ Φ φ μ- Φ φ s ; μ- o ω rt hj μ- Q μ- 3 3 oo Φ μ- Q. CL 3 ^J 3 3 tr hi 3 3 er hi H l → 3 μ- hi φ Φ SD o

V tr IX rt o S, CO 3 H 0 n- LQ μ- φ rt φ s: 3 co CL Ω o hi hi ≤: Hi Ω

Φ rr w μ- ιQ Φ φ Ω r + 3 • so Φ H, S Ω tr Ω hh 3 μ- 3: V μ- σ ω Φ Φ hj O μ- 3 ^* N α 0- Φ μ- Q rt μ- tr CL ui? o rt hj hi rr Φ h li co ¹ ti s: Φ μ- 3 r + μ- φ cr rt Φ Φ rr CL co n Φ N rr Φ Φ iQ S <! μ- H 3 ^{^} SD rt Φ Φ Φ rt 3 hj Φ> is: α O tr o μ- 3 Φ o 3 ii O μ- Φ 3 3 3 tu φ o CL s: Φ o Φ μ- Φ <Jκ φ er s Ω • ιQ rt ι-i cQ Φ Φ hh - H> φ Φ H? a Ul S Cn 3 j CL 3

SD SD: tr V ^* ω Φ r + er Φ hj 3 ιQ o 3 <! 3 O iQ 3 Φ rt μ- • CL SD tr φ to SD r + SD μ- 3 Φ Φ 3 Hl Φ Ω SD N 3 μ- hj rt co. E TI SD o co 3 3 P SD: co μ- Φ hh IV μ ¹ 3 ^J SD TI 3 s: hh SD rt μ- SD 3 φ Φ 3 ≤ Φ co 3 H 3: o H tr SD iQ Φ Φ cP Φ 3 σ Φ h- ¹ CL r + N co li μ- Φ Φ 3 Φ er CL 3 tr cn N ^* Φ hi 3 Φ CL μ- μ- h- ¹ φ

3 Φ α li 3 μ- H φ 3 μ- hi O SD Φ hj 3 CL 3 Φ 3 h- ¹ μ- 3 3 τι μ- rt φ Ω r + 3 3 rh r +) _^ 3 3 N Φ 3 NH ¹ <! Φ rt

Cfl μ- o SD Φ H <tr O: LQ rt φ iQ 3 Φ Φ 3 3 3 o μ- s! α rr 3 o tr co φ μ- O rt i, rt CO Φ 3 3 Φ α 3 hj cn CJi φ SD> SD Φ

, CL li li Φ o co Φ li Φ μ- iQ h- ¹ μ- OO ^ ι Hi <l rt Ω hj H Λ P to

Φ N co tr er H o li iQ Φ r + S rh C io Φ SD O TI SD rt 3 3 co SD φ co μ- μ- CL rr 3 Φ μ- er SD CO P 3 SD 3 N φ 3 SD μ- to φ r + ii 3 M Φ μ- u3 Ω Φ φ • SD: 3 rr ffi? r Φ r 3- 3 3 ^• es tr μ- er ιQ li μ- o Φ "H 3 S> rt μ- 3 r + hi SD • TI hi to s cQ - ¹ ti Ω ω Φ Φ li V 3 P "r + • S Φ Q Φ - ¹ 3 μ- 3 SD er Φ SD μ- SD Φ 3 ^J rr μ- μ- SD: Φ Φ 3 3 μ- 3 hi h- ¹ hh CL <! CL o ffi 3 ^J SD hj rt V 3 3

SD: P ri- CL 3 3 P 3 μ- <r + O: Φ μ- μ- i μ- H 3 ^" Hl 3 rt SD μ- 3 n φ Φ 3 3 3 N KQ Ω o M h- ¹ - ¹ φ Φ φ φ er 3 SD φ Φ 3 3 a 3

V (-3 r + H 3 SD SD tr μ- hi Φ O CL o hi S, Φ o tP 3 h- ¹ 3 ιQ 3 φ Φ 3 co φ tr Φ rt tr> 3 Cπ φ cn rt> Φ N rt er rr uQ L hj s: h μ- CL SD IQ co μ- 3 H Φ SD hi Ω φ hj hi 3 H Φ • Φ Φ Φ Ω SD

SD 3 CO φ 3 rf SD μ- Φ 3 Ul "3 rt rt μ- hj hh o 3 hh 3- hi α er ι 3 tr Φ i 3 Ul Φ Φ Ξ Φ Hl ffi SD Cn rt SD 3

Φ co φ Φ μ- TI H μ- SD co 3 H ¹ μ- j <<rt Φ er μ- tP SD s: "α 3 hi φ μ- er (ϊ- SD li Φ φ Φ ffi 3 s: O IQ 3 ^* Φ O • hj SD: φ rt Φ hj μ- μ- μ- 11 rl- tr v co rt 3 μ- IQ Φ αi 3 SD H 3 CL Ω hj • CL Φ rt

Ti 3 co SD Φ li φ φ Φ CL h- ¹ hi SD σ S φ Φ 3 ^* N hh Φ rt

(- ^■ Φ o Ω tr P li 3 H tc Hi α CL I- ¹ rh hj s; μ- 3 co φ 3 S 3: hj O cn Φ

3 hj -> tr SD 3 φ μ- Φ Φ Φ 3 Φ Φ SD SD: rt μ- 3 hj hi o rt SD tr 3 o μ- 3 hi 3 3 3 3 3 ^J CL TI φ s: rt hh 0 HO : * co S α μ ^j 3 3 li Φ ri-! o Φ Ω hi CL μ- SD i μ- rt μ- c μ- Φ SD μ- co ιQ Φ μ- Q Φ SD Ht CL 3 tr Φ Φ φ tr 3 hi C Φ rt φ Φ 3 Q So P Cfl < l co μ- 3 H 3 Λ 3- I— ¹ Φ Φ 3 3 hi μ- CL Φ μ- iQ μ-

V o rr 3 o 3 • Φ ιQ 3 3 jo hi H hj α φ N rt 3 S co tt SD rt φ tr Φ SD: li μ- S μ- li SD n 3 3 O μ- φ rt Q. μ- Ω ^• * Λ μ- Φ CO rt μ- M Ω 3 Ό Ω Cl hh Φ 3 3 Φ φ <! rt tr 3 rr hj SD CO μ- r + rr ω tr 3 μ- h- ¹ μ- hi O Φ Φ Ω NL h- ¹ hi μ- rt SD Φ o Hi Φ 3 Φ φ Φ rt N α φ SD Φ 3 O: HH CO ^{^} φ φ rt φ Φ o 0 J 3

SD μ- u co <(- ^■ Φ t φ 3 3 P 3 hh co ^j o • OHH CL hi I- ¹ Φ

3 SD: 3 ιΩ φ r + SD μ- 3 t μ- Φ SD SD rt 3 Φ rt φ ⁽ Q 3

Hi O Φ P 3 r + 3: H 3 3 r + EP Φ 3 μ- Φ hi φ 1 tr 1 1 o 3 μ- co 1 μ- rt 3 3 3 μ- tr 3 Hl φ 1 KQ 1 1 1 1 rt 1

is tragic, the greater the value of the signal it emits. As an alternative or in addition to the use of a wet sensor, it is conceivable to evaluate the actuation of the windshield wiper or the signal which is generated by a rain sensor in the determining means 110.

The nasserk signal generated by the determination means 110 is supplied to the blocks 103 and 107. If there is information in block 103 that the road is dry, the deviation quantity is not determined or is not output, for example. If there is information in block 107 that the road is dry, the signals or variables S2 are not output, for example. Alternatively, in the case of a dry roadway, the detection of the aquaplaning risk according to the invention can be continued, and can be used to check or ascertain the sizes involved in this detection.

In the event that the size describing the mass of the vehicle is determined while the vehicle is in operation, the following procedure is conceivable: as long as the roadway becomes dry, the mass of the vehicle is determined regularly at certain time intervals. As soon as the road is wet, the last determined value for the mass of the vehicle is frozen. No new value is determined.

Block 107 is a controller which, together with the associated actuators 108 and sensors 109, forms a device for influencing a variable describing the movement of the vehicle.

This device - more precisely the regulator means 107 - is provided with the information about an existing aquaplaning risk by the device according to the invention with the aid of the signal aquaplgef. This information is processed in the control means 107 in such a way that in the case of an existing one TI N CL TI CΛ CL 3 co ι-i 03 N i 3 3 h- ¹ co CO tr «H CL μ-> K TI CL 3 <! H ¹ S co er Ti>

SD 3 hi SD φ Φ μ- μ- μ- Φ μ- 3 μ- 3 3 T3 rt μ- Φ Φ φ V Φ 3 O Φ Φ Φ o μ- Φ Φ 3 Λ hj Φ tr 3 rt Ω V μ- Φ 3 rt CL 3 i Φ Φ 3 hj rt M tr -J 3 3 H -J rt 3 μ- tr 3

H tr i co> tr hi 13 ^ Q Φ KQ • er 3 <! h rt to Φ co hj 3 to N T3 o 3 CL rt CL 3 Ω rt φ N 3 Φ N CΛ μ- μ- O 3 tc μ- TJ N ^

3 Φ SD Φ hi rt Φ er o φ φ 3 φ 3 CL tr Φ μ- rt H φ μ- 3 Φ hj 3 μ- 3 μ- φ - ^>

3 ιQ tr CL μ- hi li Φ CO h 3 3 to Φ Φ ti 3 • O hh 3 uq O hj i co - ¹ U3 Φ 3 3 hh Φ SD V μ- μ- tΛ μ- Φ IQ hj 3 CL 3 N li 3 iQ 3 rt rt iQ Hl hj iQ 3

SD to φ to 3 μ- 3 3 φ. Φ 3 φ μ- tr er 3 Φ Φ Φ Φ μ- CO iQ μ-

EP 3 φ CO h- ¹ r Φ 13 3 o Q iQ iQ CL hj H hj V hj φ h- ¹ 3 3 3 "hh« φ 3 rt 3 3 o to hj μ- hj 3 ^| Q CL Φ μ- CL Φ 3 O: Φ s; φ Φ CL Φ Hi Φ tn iQ ιQ to CL O co Φ CO 3 Φ μ- tr Φ Φ CΛ μ- Φ EP ¹ 3 Φ 3 to μ- 3 Φ φ μ- Ω L o 3 Ω SD (ϊ- hh φ φ 3 μ- 3 3 Φ o co ^ to rt Φ φ CL hj tn tr Φ μ- CL H hj Φ 3 ^" 3 to Φ Φ Φ 3 3 TI c Φ 3 co 3 co μ- KQ Φ € hh φ Φ φ Ω μ- ≤ hj 3- 3 ^* TI 3 μ- 3 N iQ 3 Φ Φ N <CΛ 3 μ- 3 hi 3 3 "3 3 CL φ Φ er hj 3 ≤ ^* 3 3> 3 CΛ Φ Φ KQ H h- ¹ 3 O μ- hj hh 3 tr

CΛ Φ 13 φ μ- CΛ 3 N ^" Φ hi HXJ ^. Hj hi CL rt <! H ti ιQ Ω 3 CL hi

Φ O 3 hh 3 to Φ CL s: <! l-S hj N μ- Φ 3 CL tr Φ er μ- Φ Φ 3 tr tr μ-

3 μ-> φ φ 3 Φ Φ N CL Φ tr 3 Φ Φ 3- 'KQ Φ Φ P hj σ CL 3 iQ HQ iQ co Φ 3 T) i φ cn 3 hj Φ Φ 3 3 tr T3 hj μ- h - ¹ Φ tn hh 3 Φ h- ¹ Φ φ V Φ

O hi rt Φ Φ μ- 3 o * Q 3 3 3 ιQ NH 3 rt Ω to 3 hi hj Φ Hi hj φ Φ hi hj Φ TI hi 3 3 hj hi μ- K "er μ- 3> φ rt tr Φ Φ tr Ω 3: 3 μ- μ- μ- SD K SD SD Φ N μ- 3 O: 3 KQ Φ 3 • 3 V α hj hj iQ hj 3 "CΛ er tr 3 rt L

V rt 3 3 ^J <Q φ φ V 3 EP CL Φ co s: O μ- rt to 3 «φ Φ Φ Hi Φ N hj 3 3 φ SD hi s: Φ h- ¹ μ- tn Φ Φ oo Φ H Ω 3 3 3: co Φ μ- h- ¹ 3 3: 3 s: rt er <! φ l-> rt Φ Φ h- ¹ 3 3 h-> 3 hj Ω ι Φ hj IQ 3 Ω fi cr V co 3 ^J o • tr o rt o CL μ- hi hj rt Φ Φ o CL rt tr Ω 3 3 O: ιQ rt V t CL Φ rt Φ hj o: hi Φ

<£> Φ <! rt 3 Ω Φ 3 ^" 3 Φ EP Φ O 3 φ Φ 3 3 hj φ 3 hj Q 3 KQ

CO φ L s: 3 3 ≤ μ- Φ iQ 3 Φ Hi H Φ ⁽ Q 3 CL 3 Hi hj 3 μ- hi tQ Φ S

! Λ V hj Φ μ- ta 3 er tn μ- 3 rt 3 3 μ- - • φ rt 3 hh LQ V O: μ- ti 3

SD TI SD 3 tr H SD: rt Φ o LQ hj CΛ er μ- • tr V CL Φ cn 3 O 3 ^{^} O EP iQ O EP

CL SD 3 μ- Φ CL α hj cn Φ Φ CL μ- μ- Φ Φ i 3 hj O hj hi hj ¹ Φ 3 3

CL tr 3 rt hi • Φ μ- rt iQ iQ «K KQ tn hi CL 3 3 h- ¹ Q μ- Φ CL Φ o 3

Φ s 3 3 hj hj rt _" « • hj φ φ V 3 Ω rt μ- <! O IQ μ- h- ¹ hj V 3 Φ tn KΩ o φ tr

Φ N Φ Φ H 3 tr tr Φ er O Φ 3 3 ^J Φ φ O CO rt _^ O: hj CΛ rt 3 3 tr Φ to 3 3 to Φ li Φ CL μ- i 3 hi 3: rr cP Φ μ- 3 Cn o φ

N 3 rt μ- co 3 3 3 Φ rt Φ Φ <! " _^ N r Φ N Φ o hj μ- 3 μ- hj 3

SD ιQ to rt CL Φ Ω μ- • hj μ- to O 3 Φ 3 co N Ω rt s: φ Φ tr Φ μ- $, μ- cn 3 ^J Φ rt N er σ Φ 3 CO hj iQ Φ t μ - μ- hi N

H CO Ω φ Φ H 3 rt 3 3 N Φ ιQ o 3 h-> Φ CL N 3 φ CL hj 3 CL 3

CO tr j φ cn TI 3 Φ er i s: 3 Φ t 3 O hh μ- 3 ^ to iQ Φ CL iQ φ hj

Φ tr 3 Φ SD ^• es <μ- * φ • CL φ t, φ -0 3: Φ hj r μ- 3 hj P

3 SD 3 Φ 3 tr hh o hi to Φ <! ι φ φ 3 3 ^" 3 Φ μ- • to co 3 3 3 C hj hj hj μ> Φ o 3 Φ H hj 3 3 hj 3 ϊa CL CL hj H 3 Hi Φ

O μ- TI N φ li o φ hi hj Φ CL ι to μ- rt μ- φ 3 3 μ- to hh tc CL hi Φ φ V Φ SD φ iQ μ- cn 3 O: Q hh hj Φ Φ φ rt rt v co μ- 3 φ μ- 3

Φ H μ- SD 3 Φ Ω _^ N cP H 3 3 3 Hi rt rt s: Φ M rt L to φ N

3 3 3 3 th H i h- ¹ tr s; μ- Φ O: tr μ- 3 hj Φ φ K - ¹ t 3 rt • 3 Φ 3 hj

_" « Μ-

• φ 3 Φ Φ 3 rt Φ Φ 3 P hj rt φ cP μ- h- ¹ hi μ- 3 Φ rr Φ 3 iQ 3 hh Φ rt 3 to 3 3 Φ li hj Φ Φ rt 3 rt φ co CL 3 iQ cn i CL 3: hj

Φ H <3 fjj: 3 ιQ 3 hj CL 3 3 3 Φ rt Φ tr Φ h iQ 'ei co Φ hj 3 μ- 3 o 3 rt Hi SD ι * Q Φ 3 3 Φ H £, 3 co 3 φ Φ hj μ> ^ hi o 3

3 hj μ- SD 3 tr> 3 KQ to hi N Φ N φ sα hi Φ o H 3 CL s: KQ φ hi <EP hh SD V ιQ N 3 h- ¹ CL> 3 hj Φ 3 Ω O: μ- φ Φ

3 μ- μ- to 3 rt rt 3 V r + 3 CL Φ Φ hj o Φ V to <Φ hj μ- 3 "cP rt hj hj CL

Φ Ω SD 3 hi CL SD 3 o Φ L 3 hj rt rt CΛ O tn rt Φ μ- Φ rt CL Φ tr ¹ CO tr CL ιQ φ Φ 3 SD CL hj Φ Q to 3 3 μ- ti rt 3 3 3 Φ to Φ hj

Φ Φ rt 1 μ- rt 3 rt μ- er rt Φ φ 3 3 3 ιQ t μ- Φ C O H 3

3 3 3 CL φ Φ 3 O hh> Φ Q 3 3 rt CL 3 CL φ Φ h- ¹ φ

V 3 Φ 3 * Φ 1 μ- 1 3 Φ rt 1 O 3 Φ 1 Φ 3

1 L 1 tn 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 1

μ- C Φ PX iQ Φ Φ 3 3 Ω l \) iQ V iQ t NN α iQ TI CL 3 OH Φ H rrj tn rt X o μ- μ- μ- φ φ h- ¹ er μ- hj 3 3 3 tr o 3 Φ Φ: 3 3 3 3 3 μ- 3 3 Φ μ- 3 Φ rt Φ μ- rt φ 3 3 3 μ- μ- s; 3 3 CL rt 3) 3 μ- to CL tr 3 to 3 tr Φ to 3 3 CL Φ 3

"3 iQ X Ω Ω Φ Φ μ- CL Φ 3 iQ rt Φ ^» iQ iQ h CL co Φ hh 3 tn V

CΛ iQ Φ tr tr μ- rt Φ - hj iQ co er hi r s cn N hh Φ Φ cn O H Φ φ

X tr Ω Φ hi 3 Φ Ω> t 3 co tn Ω CL σ Φ CL C o iQ Φ 3: 3 hj CL X rt 3

3 s; tr Hi rt 3 ti tr iQ Φ - <iQ tr Φ Φ co er Φ Φ rt H 3 hj hh 3 TI iQ φ Φ tn cn to Φ hj 3 iQ • 3 3 h- ¹ CΛ Φ hj CG tn Ω φ to co OO: iQ co μ- H Φ j 3 O Φ μ- μ- tr μ- co 3 3 rt Ω hj O: μ- Ω tr cn hj EP Φ CL μ- 3 iQ 3 3 rt hj 3

^ Q Ω rt hj co iQ s; iQ 13 tr X EP Φ TI tr hj Ω SO 3 Φ tn μ- Ω CL Φ EP CL iQ <cn - ¹ tr rt rt hi μ- ω h- ¹ X hj φ Φ EP 3 hj Φ tr O Φ o 3 φ tr 3 tn CL φ φ OO

Φ 3 <l O: hi Q 3 μ- μ- ti rt tr φ μ- H rt rt 3 3 3 rt μ- 3 tr hi Φ hj μ- 3 KJ O EP hj 3 hi rt TI hj μ- er φ O h φ er 3 M φ iQ Φ 3 Φ μ-

Ω iQ o hj X Φ O: μ- α rt 3 CΛ co N er Φ μ- hj μ- 3 Φ Hl j μ- to h- ¹ iQ XH hj 3 tr cn tu 3 σ EP 3 * 3 Sl μ- φ Φ 3 cr to Φ rt hj rt V 3 iQ h- ¹ hj μ- • 3 Φ Φ tr iQ μ- tn iQ Φ Φ iQ IV ⁾ iQ Ω 3 3 CL Φ tr Φ φ Φ rt 3 hj O 3 μ-

Φ hi 3 φ hj μ- iQ o o φ tr iQ CL Φ 3 tr φ tr μ- Φ 3 CΛ 3 3 CL V 3

O: 3 iQ iQ O: TI Φ er ω hj Φ Φ CL Φ co Φ rt rt 3 O 3: μ- 3 φ CΛ φ

Φ EP to rt h- ¹ EP CL CΛ hh φ 3 Φ tn Q φ to to iQ Φ 3 tr EP tn to 3 to Φ 3

3 Φ iQ - <Φ Φ μ- Sl 3 s: tn hj μ- μ- o hj Ω tr Ω Φ 3 3 hj Φ rt 3 3 rt Φ μ- hi Φ tr 3: Ω rt P er hj O: Q tr Φ tr co CL iQ μ- • hh 3 cn lO

Φ V hh co Ω cn 3 hj tr tr o rt Φ O: EP hj hj co H rt Φ rt <Φ 3 O 3

3 H 3: O tr 3 φ μ- hj tr Φ CΛ n EP Φ O: φ Ω Φ Φ 3 Φ rt Φ hj TI CL hj Φ

Φ tr er h- ¹ 3 rt 3 Φ μ- Φ Ω Ω φ EP μ- tr μ- H μ- hi μ- hj μ- hj x Φ to 3 3 φ 3 rt tr tr 3 φ tr hj er h- ¹ > 3 r Hl> ^| Q Φ N tr

3 rt μ- L <φ Hi CL EP hj hj <hh 3 Φ Φ Φ rt X) Φ o 3 er 3 er 3 Φ

3 Φ • j Φ O φ μ- rt rt 3 X μ- Φ hh N 3 μ- 3 • 3 hi r tr hi Φ hj to

3 hj CL 3 CL hj 3 H CL 3 μ- rt μ- iQ 3 cr CL 3 hj 3 3 Ω μ- S! rr Φ IQ φ μ- Φ ω hh hj rt σ 3> μ- Φ Φ Φ tc 13 X 3 Φ 3 M hh M tr rt 3 μ- 3 Φ hj h- ¹ 3 rt to μ- iQ CL Φ 3 l_l- 3 μ-! - ^■ 3: 3 3 hh 3 hj * h- ¹ hj 3 3 Φ rt Ω Φ • 3 CL 3 - _* o CL o Φ 3 tr to φ hh Φ μ- tn CL tn α iQ μ- N TI tr hh o CL 3 h Φ hj H 3 hi Ω tr CL μ- 3 3 tn Ω Ω 3 O 3 3 D CO Φ 3 3 O: O: tr μ- Φ tr Φ Φ 3 co CO 3 rt CL CL tr L Φ tr iQ CL t φ tr μ- 3 C 3 EP EP Φ 3 3 tQ cn iQ tn μ-

Φ 3 h- ¹ 3 μ- Φ Φ hj μ- hj Φ 3 Q μ- Φ H Φ μ- iQ CL μ- μ- φ CL 3 iQ hj i μ- 3 Ω hh tr hj tr 3 rt tn 3 hj CL φ CL O: iQ Φ 3 φ iQ φ 3 3

Φ Φ μ- tr Φ O: φ Φ _^ O: μ- μ- 3 EP S tr Φ CL P 3 hj 3 3 iQ 3

3 N i P rt to hj 3 rt CΛ 3 Φ EP φ C φ 3 φ 3 3 hh φ rt rt hh 3 iQ

EP 3 Φ Φ CL rt μ- μ- i Ω j μ- Φ μ- o o 3 3 tn μ- iQ <! CL tn iQ 3 3 μ- φ iQ iQ Ω μ- tr O h 3 CL Φ CL rt μ- rt CL tr 3 3 Φ o Φ tn

V Φ CL to 3 Φ φ tr φ H (- ^■ o 3 μ- μ- iQ ^• _^ φ hj TI μj μ- CL 3 H cn Φ φ tr Hi rt tn 3 rt tr μ- Φ X φ TI φ "3 3 rt 3 tn 3 μ- O: Φ 3 N rt. Φ rt μ- iQ Φ 1 3 3 3 rt er tr 3 rt <1 cn

3 hj cn 3 3 Φ CΛ cn rt Ω rt h- ¹ iQ t- ¹ tr S 3 3 3 Φ H CΛ φ KQ μ- Φ OO

Φ μ- rr CL iQ Ω tc tr Ω CD 3: hj 3 3 Φ 3 er Ω μ- U 3 tr 3 hj iQ <Q CL 3 φ h- ¹ tr μ- C> 3 σ tr 3 N cn C tn O : Φ tr 3 vQ Φ

> Φ Φ Φ EP tr rt X Φ Φ o 3 Φ Φ iQ Φ tn μ- C μ- rt rt hj φ Φ 3 TI

XJ tn 3 0: φ hj to J ^ iQ μ- 3

Φ co> tn 3 Φ Φ μ- φ tn μ- H μ- 3 3 Φ 3 φ

3 CΛ rt Φ hj N p tr iQ Φ μ- tQ μ- rt 3: H tr μ-

3 Ω Φ CΛ μ- μ- 3 TI 3 3 13 CL φ i CL D CL Ω rt Φ rt CΛ EP 3 hj 3

13 tr Ω 3 3 φ 3 3 μ- μ- CL tn Φ Φ hj CL μ- tr Φ tr Ω Φ φ EP 3 x tr _^ _^ -. 3 3 φ Φ

X h- ¹ tr Φ φ Φ Φ Ω O cn φ μ- Φ 3 Φ t tr 3 μ- Hl hj 3

3 φ rt hj 3 X μ- hi H ¹ h- ¹ p tr Ω tr Φ 3 cn o H rt iQ

3 H μ-> CL φ hj N μ- - to> tr TI N a- 3>) μ- <Φ φ Cl μ- rt & CΛ μ- H CL φ 3 X tr CΛ φ X 3 3 α tr 3 C rl- Φ tn hh μ- μ-

3 Φ CL rt ti Ω Φ rt 3 Φ X -. o 3 μ- tr tr hj Φ CL tn Φ X rt H μ- 3: 3 φ

^ 3 3 3 tr CL iQ CL. μ- φ '3 3 H Φ hj μ- 1 o φ Hi H tr iQ hj iQ X EP tv> 13 X <! μ- Φ Φ) ω μ- H μ- CL N tr cn Φ H t) 3 hh hj Φ j

Φ Φ o φ tr Φ Φ tn 3 φ 1 μ- 1 μ- φ CL 1 φ σ tr Φ rt 1 3 1 hj 3 i hi rt ιQ 3 Φ rt Φ 1 Φ 1 rt 1 1 1 rt 1 1 hj 1 3 3

rl- N μ- CL to CL Φ CL CL cn Ul X TI CΛ α n CL CΛ tn X CL μ- <Ω CO Hl> 3 nn H CL Hi hj Φ co μ- Ω Φ 3 Φ 3 φ Ω Ω μ- 3 Ω Φ 3 μ- Ω O Φ Φ co 0 tr Φ 3: 3 φ 3 3 3 φ 3 μ- 3 rt iQ tr 3 13 hj hi hi 3 ^* tr hj tr tr hj tr φ tr hj tn rr hj φ μ - tr tn 3 tr tr hj tr rt iQ V μ- μ- Ω hj X CL HXH co X rt • iQ ti hj Ω hj hi CΛ hi rt iQ α Φ φ <j> tr hh Φ 3 N 3 CΛ N Φ φ rt TI φ CL rt tr NN φ O tΛ

• Φ Φ μ- CL φ μ- 13 3 = μ- H Φ Φ Ω Φ 3 μ- Φ 3 3 <iQ X Φ H 3 φ hj tr Ω <i to hj rt Φ hj tn 13 φ hi er H μ- 3 - ¹ tr 3 μ- • 3 tr O Φ μ- 3 μ- hj 3 H tr 0

TI Ω 3 H Ω H μ- rt s: 3 iQ s; X iQ INI φ hj h tr hj 3 Φ iQ iQ μ- H hj

3: tr s tr φ 3 tr μ- 3 CL - <μ- iQ μ- φ iQ X 3 σ CL tr rt Φ CL CΛ μ- EP t tr φ r + μ- * hj X Φ Φ 3 Φ V φ μ- CL rα Φ CL Φ Φ S μ- μ- Φ Φ 3 _^ Ω rt Φ Φ Φ X rt rt μ- μ- hj to s; hh 3 Φ CL φ 3 to φ M to Ω φ Φ Φ rt μ- Φ tr 3 CL X 3 rt φ

CL 3 rt Ω 3 to rt h- ¹ Φ hj 3 Ω hj Φ Ω V hj hj h- ¹ 3 VX CL CL 3 Φ hj IV) iQ

Φ CL tr to CL φ μ- μ- in hh tn V tr ω 3 tr rt M 1_J. μ- tr 3 Φ Φ N iQ 3 O IV ⁾ rt

3 μ- CL hj co φ tn o 3 hj μ- rt rt X rt Sl XX Φ H φ Φ 3 Sl 3 \ -> 3 3 μ- 3 rt Cn 0 _"* iQ Φ Φ φ hj rt 3 φ 3 3 3 μ- 3 φ μ- μ- tn 3 X tr hh Φ 3 3 Φ 3 ~> IV)

CJ. V hj μ- hj μ- 3 μ- μ- 3 3 3 3 hi 3 hj μ- Φ Φ rt hj Φ CL n iQ X tn

Φ φ tr rt S 3 er hj <-ι- φ CL 3 CL CL rt CL CL Φ rt μ- to φ rt Φ 3 3 CL 3 O μ- 3 0

X μ- CΛ rt μ- 3 Φ φ rt H cn hh μ- co μ- hj rt H "H tn X co φ 3 tr CL hj 3

Φ r + Ω • φ IX 3 V rt V iQ VXQ CL hh tn CL * tr Φ ti iQ Φ Φ CL cn X μ- tr Hl μ- 3 3 TI 3 • hj Φ V hi μ- V Φ o 3 Φ Φ 3 tn hj φ o hi iQ μ-

<! X α φ 3 IQ 3 3 3 3 μ- Φ 3 H φ 3 μ <3 <to μ- 3 μ- rt hi U CL Ω Φ H μ- O 3 3 3 3 3 3 iQ α Hi 3 μ- hh CL μ- iQ iQ o cn CL Ω * hh O Φ tr CL CL Hi CL iQ hj tn X rt V μ- rt φ rt rt rt to rt hj n φ Φ tr μ- tr hj h 3 3 3:

Φ H I- ¹ μ- CL 3 rt CL Φ hj X CL 3 (- ^■ 3 3 H Φ hj tr 3

3 μ- XS 3 Φ μ- μ- Φ to <<μ- μ- <o μ- Φ μ- tr 21 3 μ- μ- CL μ- n μ- Ω Φ H 3 φ μ- 3 hj co o cn Φ O «Hl to Φ hh Ω 3 CO φ H μ- * 3 rr 3 rt 3 tr tr μ- rt ω to iQ CL x:> φ rt 3 j ti 3 rt V iQ N hj 3 rt tr Φ 3 • Ω

Φ rt Φ μ- er CΛ • CΛ hj tr Hi N CΛ 3 Φ Φ CL CL Φ iQ H 3 Φ Φ tr rt -> hj 3 tr Ω φ 3 Ω <CL Φ σ o 3 Ω 3 3 3 Φ μ- Φ tn N CL μ- - ¹ hj CO 3: tr μ- μι 13 tr Φ Φ Φ V Φ iQ O - CL iQ CL hj P 3 vQ Φ Φ 3 μ- μ- tr rt 3 3 X 3 3 13 X hj hj ~ > 3 V iQ Φ ω hj CL φ Φ Φ hh Φ cn 3 Φ X) Φ

Φ Φ 3 iQ 3 φ H φ 3 3 rr Hi μ- Φ to hj μ- 3 CL 3 iQ 0 3 P tr μ- 3 CL μ- CL O -> 3 n CL 3 3 3: 3 rt 3 n 3 Ω μ- 3: X iQ hj <3 Φ to CL Φ iQ HQ Φ PH 3 3 μ- rt 3 Φ tr 3 rt 3 Φ CΛ tr Φ EP μ- Φ O: 0 13 3

N CL co H V s: hj hi μ- φ hh tr φ rt hj hj cn TI tr hj Ω <u Φ cn EP hi CL

3 Φ V φ μ- Φ 3 3 hj • 3 rt iQ II 3 hj 3 tr 0 rt> CL Ω Φ hi 3 cn hj hi CΛ μ- α 3 μ- X h- ¹ N CL α μ- • Φ O tr tn μ- X hj Φ er <tr μ- 3 3 rt 3 Ω rt Φ N 13 Φ Φ: φ μ- 3 M rt tr CO hj μ- rt Φ hh 3 X Φ φ X tr Ω μ- 3

3 CL hh tr HV 13 hi hj EP 3 φ hi tr rt Φ er rt rt h- ¹ Φ φ H μ- μ- Φ tr 3

3 3 rt X CL to 3 H Φ rt rt iQ Ω Φ Φ 3 tr Φ 3 Φ h- ¹ n μ- hh 3 3 Φ rt iQ CL

CL cn * 3 φ (ϊ- hi μ- 3 Φ iQ tr 3 H CL N rt 3 Φ CL 3 0 3 CL μ- 3 iQ Φ

H hi 3 <! V -> tn cn Φ er to rt «hj rt rt 3 - ¹ tr tr CΛ μ- 3 3 Φ 3

CL> CL 3 Φ 3 μ- tn tr CL o • • <! • μ- μ- * X 3 3 hj Ω iQ hh iQ hh

Φ iQ Φ X TI rt CL hi Ω Ω: μ- o Φ O Φ 13 3 φ tr V 3 tΛ o 3 hj μ- 3 to Φ μ- Φ Φ tr tr 3 Φ μ- -σ 3 μ- er 3 hj 13 3 iQ 3 H φ 3 tr Ω

3 α tr VH oh X iQ cn tn Φ 3 3 rt - ¹ 3 tn μ- μ- EP 3 hi tr

TI 13 er Φ hi hj 3 3 Φ Φ μ- μ- μ- Φ rt hj co 3 3 μ- iQ Φ rt rt rt μ- hi

3 1- "Φ hj N 3 μ- 3 <1 3 3 ιQ H ω 3 3 l_l- N Φ hi 3 r + rt <! Μ- tr 3 μ- co Φ hh rt o 3 CL V tr CL s; o iQ iQ Φ Φ μ- μ- O: CL φ X 0 rt j 3 rt 3 rt rt CL CΛ 3 CL μ- φ Φ Φ Φ Ω o Φ Φ hj CL Φ 3 EP φ r hi μ- CL hj rt

N μ- CL (D Q Φ φ rt rt φ μ- μ- H hj V o 13 13 O hj φ Φ H- 0 iQ H φ

Φ 3 Φ 3 iQ hh H hj Φ 3 V rt C rt V 3 3 tΛ Ω rt 3 • σi hj CL H μ- ⁾

3 iQ hj CL Φ 3: rt μ- μ- Φ Φ l μ ¹ EP EP Ω tr <! μ- "<Φ 0 iQ co to hj α tQ to tϋ μ- sα 3 Φ o rt rt tr X hh φ 3 hh Φ iQ

Φ 3 TI V Ω 3 3 rt Φ rt φ hj Φ o Φ XXO φ hj 3 Hi S μ- rt tn 3 3 H tr CL hi 3 -> hj h Sl rt hj CO 3 tn φ: hi tn iQ to φ 3 3 Φ hh tr 3 X Φ μ- Ω iQ φ tr φ C • Φ h- ¹ tr CL rt h- ¹ Q 3 EP Φ hj

Φ 1 hj hh μ- hj Φ tr μ- Φ hi μ- μ- H hj Φ μ- Φ • 3 CL 3 hj 1 rt 3 1 3 Ω 1 rt φ Φ INI 3 φ Φ 3 1 I 3 CL φ Φ 1 1 3 tr Φ H 3 3 3 tr μ- hj 3 co 1 CL 1 φ rt

there is the maximum of the surge resistance force that applies to this as the intersection of the linear function with the limit curve. This maximum of the surge resistance is used as the threshold.

When comparing the deviation quantity with the threshold value, the value of the deviation quantity can be compared with the threshold value. To detect whether there is a risk of aquaplaning, it can thus be checked whether the surge resistance force is greater in value than or equal to the threshold value. In order to have a safety reserve, the comparison can be carried out with a reduced threshold value, which is reduced by a predetermined value based on the maximum.

It is also a good idea to check whether the deviation size exceeds a predetermined percentage of the threshold.

The detection of an aquaplaning risk according to the invention can also be carried out during a braking operation. For this, the braking forces on the wheels must be taken into account. The individual braking forces can be determined, for example, from the individual brake pressures present on the wheels. If the vehicle is equipped with an electro-hydraulic brake system, for example, the brake pressures can be determined with the aid of pressure sensors assigned to the individual wheel brakes.

Finally, it should be mentioned that the description chosen in the description or in the drawing should not have any restrictive effect on the idea essential to the invention.

Claims

claims

1. Device for recognizing an aquaplaning risk that occurs during the driving operation of a vehicle, the device for this purpose containing first means (101) with which a first propulsion quantity (cf.) is determined, which describes the propulsion of the vehicle, which is due to the operating state of the engine and / or the drive train is to be expected, and contains second means (102) with which a second propulsion quantity (vg2) is determined, which describes the propulsion that is present when the vehicle is in motion, which is due to the longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle (ax-g -θ), whereby depending on a deviation existing between the first (cf.) and the second (vg2) propulsion quantity, the existence of the aquaplaning risk is inferred.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that third means (103) are provided, with which a deviation variable (FSW) is determined, which describes the deviation present between the first (cf.) and the second (vg2) propulsion variable, the risk of aquaplaning is then present if the deviation quantity is greater than a predetermined threshold value.

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the threshold value is determined as a function of the deviation quantity and a quantity (vf) describing the vehicle speed.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first propulsion variable (see) is composed of the following components: a first component (FA), which describes the driving forces that are present on the driven wheels due to the operating state of the engine and / or the drive train , and a second component (FLW), which describes the air resistance present when the vehicle is in motion, and / or a third component (FRW), which describes the rolling resistance which is present when the vehicle is in operation.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first portion depending on a quantity describing the engine torque (Mmot), a quantity describing the transmission ratio (ig), a quantity describing the speed of the motor (nmot) and the rotational speeds of the Wheels describing variables (nij) is determined, and / or that the second component is determined depending on the structure and / or the geometry of the vehicle describing variables (cLW, A) and a variable describing the vehicle speed (vf), and / or that the third portion is determined as a function of a variable describing the condition of the tire (kRW (vf)) and a variable describing the vehicle mass (cfc).

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that it is the size describing the tire condition- ß is the rolling resistance coefficient (kRW (vf)) of the tires, in particular this is determined as a function of the variable describing the vehicle speed.

7. The device according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the second propulsion variable (vg2) is determined as a function of a quantity describing the vehicle mass (mfzg) and an acceleration quantity (ax-g-θ) that describes the longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the acceleration variable with the aid of a sensor means (104), in particular a longitudinal acceleration sensor, is detected, or that the acceleration variable depending on the wheel speeds of the individual wheels describing quantities (nij) or a quantity describing the vehicle speed (vf), and as a function of a variable describing the inclination (θ) of the road, which is provided in particular by a navigation system.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that fourth means (105a) with which the road condition is detected, and / or fifth means (105b) with which independent air movements are detected by the driving operation of the vehicle, and / or sixth means (105c ) with which the number and / or the type of consumers activated during the driving operation of the vehicle is recorded, and that the road condition and / or the air movements independent of the driving operation of the vehicle and / or the number and / or the type of consumers activated during vehicle operation are taken into account when recognizing the aquaplaning risk.

10.The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fourth means (105a) are means for detecting the coefficient of friction between the tire and the road surface, and / or that the fifth means (105b) are means by which the individual wheel deflections of the vehicle are evaluated, and / or that the consumers activated during driving are one in a steering system and / or one in a braking system and / or one in a lighting system and / or one in the interior of the vehicle Vehicle arranged consumer acts.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the driver is warned of an existing aquaplaning risk (aquaplgef, 106) and / or that the information (aquaplgef) about an existing aquaplaning risk of at least one device (107, 108, 109) Influencing a variable describing the vehicle movement is provided and processed there, in particular if there is a risk of aquaplaning, engine interventions and / or brake interventions are carried out to reduce the vehicle speed.

12.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that detection means (110) are provided, with which it is determined whether there is a wet road, and that the detection of the aquaplaning risk is carried out when it is determined that there is a wet road, or that the detection of the aquaplaning risk is also carried out when it is determined that there is no wet road, in which case variables are determined and / or checked, which are taken into account in the detection of the aquaplaning risk.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the detection means is a wetness sensor attached in the area of the vehicle wheels, and / or that in the detection means the actuation of the windshield wiper and / or the signal of a rain sensor arranged in a windshield wiper system is evaluated.

14.Method for recognizing an aquaplaning risk which occurs during the driving operation of a vehicle, in which a first propulsion quantity (cf.) is determined, which describes the propulsion of the vehicle which is to be expected on the basis of the operating state of the engine and / or the drive train, and in which a second propulsion variable (vg2) is determined, which describes the propulsion that is present when the vehicle is in motion, which is established on the basis of the longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle, with a deviation depending on the first (cf.) and the second (vg2) propulsion variable the existence of the aquaplaning risk is closed.