EP1346799A1 - Device for marking by means of a series of percussions - Google Patents

Device for marking by means of a series of percussions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1346799A1
EP1346799A1 EP03356053A EP03356053A EP1346799A1 EP 1346799 A1 EP1346799 A1 EP 1346799A1 EP 03356053 A EP03356053 A EP 03356053A EP 03356053 A EP03356053 A EP 03356053A EP 1346799 A1 EP1346799 A1 EP 1346799A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
voltage
controlled switch
order
keep
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP03356053A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrice Auray
Maurice Le Tai Van
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Technifor
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Technifor
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D5/00—Centre punches
    • B25D5/02—Automatic centre punches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for hollow marking by successive percussions.
  • the propulsion of the tip can be pneumatic, thanks to which two control modes are currently available.
  • the first of these two modes can be qualified as discontinuous or "point by point” and consists of stop the head before each percussion.
  • the rhythm of percussion is set by construction at a frequency predetermined, while the head moves without stop. It follows that with this second mode of steering, which can be described as continuous, the marking can be significantly faster than with the first mode, however, its quality is lower.
  • the marking tip can also be propelled to using an electromagnet. Only the mode previously qualified point by point is then available, because we do not fails to oscillate the tip at a frequency high enough for the continuous steering mode to translate into significant time savings.
  • the marking device shown in Figure 1 comprises a machine 1 for marking objects such as a metal plate 2, as well as a unit 3 for controlling the machine 1.
  • a housing 4 of machine 1 contains means to move, in X and Y directions, a movable head marking 5 worn by machine 1.
  • This head 5 which is very schematically represented in Figure 2, is known per se and has a point mobile 6 intended to strike the plate 2 to leave there traces of hollow impact, as well as an electromagnet 7, masked in FIG. 1.
  • the core 8 of this electromagnet 7 is mobile and intended to be launched against the defining element tip 6 to propel the latter towards plate 2.
  • the electromagnet 7 is electrically supplied by the circuit 9 which is shown in FIG. 2.
  • This circuit 9, according to the invention, includes a source 10 of AC voltage U E and a voltage booster formed by a Latour doubler 11 , the input of which is connected to the terminals of the voltage source 10, the output of this doubler 11 being connected in a main loop in which a series of succeeds in particular the electromagnet 7 and a controlled switch, formed by a transistor 12.
  • the voltage source 10 and the voltage doubler 11 are chosen such that the voltage U S at the output of the doubler 11 is substantially greater than the nominal voltage of the electromagnet 7.
  • This output voltage U S can for example be of the order of several times the nominal voltage of the electromagnet 7.
  • the nominal voltage of the electromagnet 7 is understood to mean the maximum voltage that can be applied indefinitely to the electromagnet 7 without damaging it. In practice, this nominal voltage is a manufacturer data of the electromagnet. It can also be determined at using a sufficiently long test.
  • the transistor 12 is part of a current limiter 13, which is designed to limit the intensity of the current I 7 in the electromagnet 7.
  • This current limiter 13 further comprises a freewheeling diode 14, in parallel with the electromagnet 7, as well as a resistor 15, itself mounted in series with this electromagnet 7, in the main loop.
  • Means 16 for generating a reference voltage U 16 , as well as a comparator 17 are further provided in the current limiter 13.
  • the means 16 and the comparator 17 are connected in such a way that the latter compares the reference voltage U 16 at the voltage U 15 at the terminals of the resistor 15.
  • the output of the comparator 17 is indirectly connected to the control electrode, or gate, of the transistor 12. More specifically, it is connected to one of the two inputs of a logic operator 18, the output of which is connected to the control electrode of transistor 12.
  • the reference voltage U 16 is chosen so as to be equal to the voltage U 15 measured at the terminals of the resistor 15 when the latter is crossed by a current having the maximum intensity I max which the current limiter 13 makes it possible not to overtake in the main loop. If the current I 7 in the electromagnet 7 is less than I max , the voltage U 15 at the terminals of the resistor 15 is less than the reference voltage U 16 and the comparator 17 issues the order to keep the transistor 12 closed. Otherwise, it issues the order to keep this transistor 12 open.
  • the resistor 15 (measurement shunt) is there only to allow the intensity of the current I 7 in the electromagnet 7 to be measured, it is preferable that its presence only slightly disturbs the overall operation of the circuit. In particular, its value is chosen in such a way that the voltage U 15 at its terminals is negligible or low compared to the voltage U S at the output of the doubler 11.
  • the Latour doubler 11 comprises two capacitors 19 and 20, as well as two rectifying diodes 21 and 22.
  • the voltage source 10 supplies two separate branches in parallel. A first branch is formed by putting diode 21 and capacitor 20 in series, and the second branch is formed by diode 22 and capacitor 19 in series, a terminal of capacitor 19 being connected to a terminal of capacitor 20.
  • the output voltage U S of the doubler 11 is collected across the circuit formed by the two capacitors 19 and 20. It supplies the main loop, comprising the transistor 12 and the electromagnet 7.
  • the operation of the Latour doubler 11 is known by itself.
  • a microcontroller 23 is provided to control the operation of the electromagnet 7.
  • one, referenced 24, of its outputs is connected to the other input of the logical operator 18, via a timer 25.
  • This logical operator 18 is of the “AND” type, that is to say capable of verifying the cumulation of two conditions. Specifically, it only executes the order to keep closed transistor 12 only if it receives this command from both comparator 17 and timer 25.
  • the microcontroller 23 is also provided for control a fan 26, a light-emitting diode 27 and a transistor 28, from a signal emitted by a thermistor 29 forming a means of temperature measurement in the immediate vicinity of point 6. More precisely, as soon as this temperature has exceeded a first predetermined threshold, it starts the fan 26, which sends air to tip 6 to cool it. he turn off this fan 26, once the temperature measured by thermistor 29 has gone below one second predetermined threshold, lower than the first threshold. Yes this temperature exceeds a third threshold beyond which tip 6 may deteriorate quickly, the micro-controller 23 lights up the light-emitting diode 27 and closes a transistor 28 in order to signal the presence of a default.
  • the microcontroller 23 has inputs 30 for its programming and three inputs 31 for instructions in from the control unit 3.
  • the elements constituting the power supply circuit 9, y including the logical operator 18, the timer 25 and the microcontroller 23, are installed on a card 32, which is installed in the housing 4, that is to say near of the head 5.
  • the timer 25 is triggered and transmits this order to the logical operator 18.
  • this operator 18 receives the order to close the transistor 12 at the same time the timer 25 and the comparator 17, it closes this transistor 12.
  • the voltage U S is applied to the terminals of the electromagnet 7, in which the capacitors 19 and 20 discharge. We are then on the portion C 2 of the curve shown in Figure 3.
  • the power supplied to this electromagnet 7 and therefore the acceleration of the movable core 8 are much higher than they would be if the voltage applied across the terminals of this electromagnet 7 were of the order of its nominal voltage. It follows that, in accordance with the object of the invention, the time necessary to propel the tip 6 is low, and in particular reduced compared to that obtained using that of the devices of the prior art mentioned in the preamble which comprises an electromagnet .
  • this signal successively comprises an order of keep closed and an order to keep open the transistor 12.
  • the duration of the order of keep transistor 12 and that of order closed contrary are respectively denoted ⁇ T and (1- ⁇ T).
  • the current limiter 13 limits the current intensity I 7 to this maximum value I max (portion C 3 of the curve shown in Figure 3) and thus protects the electromagnet 7 against an overcurrent which would deteriorate it.
  • the logic operator 18 receives from the microcontroller 23, via the timer 25, the order to open the transistor 12, the latter is immediately opened and the electromagnet 7 demagnetizes by generating a current I 7 which passes through the freewheeling diode 14 and decreases rapidly, which corresponds to the portion C 4 of the curve shown in FIG. 3.
  • Period T is chosen to have the frequency of desired percussion. It is advantageously between 8 ms (milliseconds) and 100 ms, and preferably between 12 ms and 40 ms.
  • the duty cycle ⁇ determines the duration during which the mobile core 8 is accelerated and allows therefore to regulate the energy with which the tip 6 strikes the plate to be marked 2.
  • the marking can also be controlled in point by point mode.
  • the microcontroller 23 only starts to issue the order to maintain the transistor 12 closed only after the head 5 has stopped.
  • Timer 25 acts as a safety device in the event of micro-controller 23 failure, no longer transmitting an order to keep transistor 12 closed for more than one certain predetermined duration.
  • capacitors 19 and 20 are also provided for store enough energy to be able to release the desired power, for the desired time, after that the microcontroller 23 has issued the order to close the transistor 12. It will be noted that the voltage rise at using doubler 11 allows this quantity to be stored of energy by means of capacitors 19 and 20 of capacity less, which has the advantage of allowing reduction in the size of the card 32.
  • the use of the voltage doubler 11 makes it possible to use a source 10 delivering a voltage U S sufficiently low to present no danger to the user (safety voltage), which is all the more advantageous since this source 10 is located outside the machine 1, for example in the control unit 3.
  • transistor 12 performs a dual function using the logical operator 18. On the one hand, it is part of the current limiter 13. On the other hand, it is part of the control circuit of the supply of the electromagnet 7. Consequently, this transistor 12 and logic operator 18 can be replaced by two controlled switches such as transistors, these two switches being connected in series with electromagnet 7, in the main loop, and one directly controlled by timer 25 and the other by comparator 17.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The hollow mark mechanism has a strike point (6) to mark an object, with electromagnetic propulsion (7). The electric feed circuit (9) for the striker has a voltage (10,11) applied above the electromagnet nominal voltage through a current limiter (13). The current intensity in the electromagnet is kept below a predetermined level.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de marquage en creux par percussions successives.The present invention relates to a device for hollow marking by successive percussions.

Il est connu de réaliser une marque sur un objet en propulsant de manière répétée une pointe contre cet objet. Parallèlement, on déplace une tête portant la pointe, selon le motif à réaliser. En fin d'opération, la marque est constituée d'une succession de traces d'impact en creux, pour la plupart accolées.It is known to make a mark on an object in repeatedly propelling a point against this object. At the same time, we move a head carrying the point, according to the pattern to achieve. At the end of the operation, the brand is consisting of a succession of hollow impact traces, mostly side by side.

La propulsion de la pointe peut être pneumatique, grâce à quoi deux modes de pilotage sont actuellement disponibles. Le premier de ces deux modes peut être qualifié de discontinu ou « point par point » et consiste à arrêter la tête avant chaque percussion. Dans le deuxième mode de pilotage, lors du marquage, le rythme des percussions est fixé par construction à une fréquence prédéterminée, tandis que la tête se déplace sans s'arrêter. Il s'ensuit qu'avec ce deuxième mode de pilotage, que l'on peut qualifier de continu, le marquage peut être notablement plus rapide qu'avec le premier mode, sa qualité étant toutefois moindre.The propulsion of the tip can be pneumatic, thanks to which two control modes are currently available. The first of these two modes can be qualified as discontinuous or "point by point" and consists of stop the head before each percussion. In the second control mode, during marking, the rhythm of percussion is set by construction at a frequency predetermined, while the head moves without stop. It follows that with this second mode of steering, which can be described as continuous, the marking can be significantly faster than with the first mode, however, its quality is lower.

La pointe de marquage peut également être propulsée à l'aide d'un électroaimant. Seul le mode précédemment qualifié de point par point est alors disponible, car on ne parvient pas à faire osciller la pointe à une fréquence suffisamment élevée pour que le mode de pilotage continu se traduise par un gain de temps sensible.The marking tip can also be propelled to using an electromagnet. Only the mode previously qualified point by point is then available, because we do not fails to oscillate the tip at a frequency high enough for the continuous steering mode to translate into significant time savings.

Pour que ce soit le cas, il faudrait réduire le temps nécessaire à l'électroaimant pour propulser la pointe avec l'énergie suffisante pour un marquage correct. Tel est donc au moins l'un des buts que l'invention entend atteindre.For that to be the case, we would have to reduce the time necessary for the electromagnet to propel the tip with sufficient energy for correct marking. So this is at least one of the objects that the invention intends to achieve.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de marquage en creux par percussions successives, comprenant :

  • une pointe de percussion d'un objet à marquer,
  • un électroaimant de propulsion de la pointe de percussion, et
  • un circuit d'alimentation électrique de l'électroaimant, ce circuit d'alimentation électrique comprenant un interrupteur commandé connecté en série avec l'électroaimant,
   caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'alimentation électrique comporte des moyens pour appliquer, aux bornes de l'électroaimant, une tension supérieure à la tension nominale de cet électroaimant, ainsi qu'un limiteur de courant disposé pour protéger l'électroaimant en maintenant l'intensité du courant dans cet électroaimant en dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé.To this end, the subject of the invention is a hollow marking device by successive percussions, comprising:
  • a percussion point of an object to mark,
  • an electromagnet for propelling the percussion point, and
  • an electrical supply circuit for the electromagnet, this electrical supply circuit comprising a controlled switch connected in series with the electromagnet,
characterized in that the electrical supply circuit comprises means for applying, at the terminals of the electromagnet, a voltage greater than the nominal voltage of this electromagnet, as well as a current limiter arranged to protect the electromagnet by maintaining the current intensity in this electromagnet below a predetermined threshold.

L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de marquage conforme à l'invention et comprenant un électroaimant d'entraínement d'une pointe de percussion d'un objet à marquer ;
  • La figure 2 est un schéma d'un circuit électrique que comporte le dispositif de marquage de la figure 1 ; et
  • La figure 3 est un graphe représentant l'intensité du courant dans l'électroaimant en fonction du temps.
The invention will be clearly understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a marking device according to the invention and comprising an electromagnet for driving a percussion point of an object to be marked;
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of an electrical circuit that includes the marking device of Figure 1; and
  • Figure 3 is a graph representing the intensity of the current in the electromagnet as a function of time.

Le dispositif de marquage représenté à la figure 1 comprend une machine 1 de marquage d'objets telle qu'une plaque métallique 2, ainsi qu'une unité 3 de pilotage de la machine 1. Un boítier 4 de la machine 1 renferme des moyens pour déplacer, selon des directions X et Y, une tête mobile de marquage 5 que porte la machine 1. The marking device shown in Figure 1 comprises a machine 1 for marking objects such as a metal plate 2, as well as a unit 3 for controlling the machine 1. A housing 4 of machine 1 contains means to move, in X and Y directions, a movable head marking 5 worn by machine 1.

Cette tête 5, qui est très schématiquement représentée à la figure 2, est connue en soi et comporte une pointe mobile 6 destinée à percuter la plaque 2 pour y laisser des traces d'impact en creux, ainsi qu'un électroaimant 7, masqué à la figure 1. Le noyau 8 de cet électroaimant 7 est mobile et destiné à être lancé contre l'élément définissant la pointe 6 pour propulser cette dernière en direction de la plaque 2.This head 5, which is very schematically represented in Figure 2, is known per se and has a point mobile 6 intended to strike the plate 2 to leave there traces of hollow impact, as well as an electromagnet 7, masked in FIG. 1. The core 8 of this electromagnet 7 is mobile and intended to be launched against the defining element tip 6 to propel the latter towards plate 2.

L'électroaimant 7 est alimenté électriquement par le circuit 9 qui est représenté à la figure 2. Ce circuit 9, conforme à l'invention, comporte une source 10 de tension alternative UE et un élévateur de tension formé par un doubleur de Latour 11, dont l'entrée est connectée aux bornes de la source de tension 10, la sortie de ce doubleur 11 étant connectée dans une boucle principale où se succèdent en série notamment l'électroaimant 7 et un interrupteur commandé, formé par un transistor 12.The electromagnet 7 is electrically supplied by the circuit 9 which is shown in FIG. 2. This circuit 9, according to the invention, includes a source 10 of AC voltage U E and a voltage booster formed by a Latour doubler 11 , the input of which is connected to the terminals of the voltage source 10, the output of this doubler 11 being connected in a main loop in which a series of succeeds in particular the electromagnet 7 and a controlled switch, formed by a transistor 12.

La source de tension 10 et le doubleur de tension 11 sont choisis de telle manière que la tension US en sortie du doubleur 11 soit sensiblement supérieure à la tension nominale de l'électroaimant 7. Cette tension de sortie US peut par exemple être de l'ordre de plusieurs fois la tension nominale de l'électroaimant 7.The voltage source 10 and the voltage doubler 11 are chosen such that the voltage U S at the output of the doubler 11 is substantially greater than the nominal voltage of the electromagnet 7. This output voltage U S can for example be of the order of several times the nominal voltage of the electromagnet 7.

Par tension nominale de l'électroaimant 7, on entend la tension maximale que l'on peut indéfiniment appliquer à l'électroaimant 7 sans le détériorer. Dans la pratique, cette tension nominale est une donnée constructeur de l'électroaimant. Elle peut également être déterminée à l'aide d'un test suffisamment long.The nominal voltage of the electromagnet 7 is understood to mean the maximum voltage that can be applied indefinitely to the electromagnet 7 without damaging it. In practice, this nominal voltage is a manufacturer data of the electromagnet. It can also be determined at using a sufficiently long test.

Le transistor 12 fait partie d'un limiteur de courant 13, qui est prévu pour limiter l'intensité du courant I7 dans l'électroaimant 7. Ce limiteur de courant 13 comporte en outre une diode de roue libre 14, en parallèle avec l'électroaimant 7, ainsi qu'une résistance 15, elle-même montée en série avec cet électroaimant 7, dans la boucle principale. Des moyens 16 pour générer une tension de référence U16, ainsi qu'un comparateur 17 sont en outre prévus dans le limiteur de courant 13. Les moyens 16 et le comparateur 17 sont connectés de telle manière que ce dernier compare la tension de référence U16 à la tension U15 aux bornes de la résistance 15. La sortie du comparateur 17 est reliée indirectement à l'électrode de commande, ou grille, du transistor 12. Plus précisément, elle est reliée à l'une des deux entrées d'un opérateur logique 18, dont la sortie est reliée à l'électrode de commande du transistor 12.The transistor 12 is part of a current limiter 13, which is designed to limit the intensity of the current I 7 in the electromagnet 7. This current limiter 13 further comprises a freewheeling diode 14, in parallel with the electromagnet 7, as well as a resistor 15, itself mounted in series with this electromagnet 7, in the main loop. Means 16 for generating a reference voltage U 16 , as well as a comparator 17 are further provided in the current limiter 13. The means 16 and the comparator 17 are connected in such a way that the latter compares the reference voltage U 16 at the voltage U 15 at the terminals of the resistor 15. The output of the comparator 17 is indirectly connected to the control electrode, or gate, of the transistor 12. More specifically, it is connected to one of the two inputs of a logic operator 18, the output of which is connected to the control electrode of transistor 12.

La tension de référence U16 est choisie de manière à être égale à la tension U15 mesurée aux bornes de la résistance 15 quant cette dernière est traversée par un courant ayant l'intensité maximale Imax que le limiteur de courant 13 permet de ne pas dépasser dans la boucle principale. Si le courant I7 dans l'électroaimant 7 est inférieur à Imax, la tension U15 aux bornes de la résistance 15 est inférieure à la tension de référence U16 et le comparateur 17 émet l'ordre de maintenir fermé le transistor 12. Dans le cas contraire, il émet l'ordre de maintenir ouvert ce transistor 12.The reference voltage U 16 is chosen so as to be equal to the voltage U 15 measured at the terminals of the resistor 15 when the latter is crossed by a current having the maximum intensity I max which the current limiter 13 makes it possible not to overtake in the main loop. If the current I 7 in the electromagnet 7 is less than I max , the voltage U 15 at the terminals of the resistor 15 is less than the reference voltage U 16 and the comparator 17 issues the order to keep the transistor 12 closed. Otherwise, it issues the order to keep this transistor 12 open.

La résistance 15 (shunt de mesure) n'étant là que pour permettre de mesurer l'intensité du courant I7 dans l'électroaimant 7, il est préférable que sa présence ne perturbe que faiblement le fonctionnement d'ensemble du circuit. En particulier, sa valeur est choisie de telle manière que la tension U15 à ses bornes soit négligeable ou faible devant la tension US en sortie du doubleur 11.Since the resistor 15 (measurement shunt) is there only to allow the intensity of the current I 7 in the electromagnet 7 to be measured, it is preferable that its presence only slightly disturbs the overall operation of the circuit. In particular, its value is chosen in such a way that the voltage U 15 at its terminals is negligible or low compared to the voltage U S at the output of the doubler 11.

De manière connue, le doubleur de Latour 11 comporte deux condensateurs 19 et 20, ainsi que deux diodes de redressement 21 et 22. La source de tension 10 alimente deux branches distinctes en parallèle. Une première branche est constituée par la mise en série de la diode 21 et du condensateur 20, et la seconde branche est constituée par la diode 22 et le condensateur 19 en série, une borne du condensateur 19 étant connectée à une borne du condensateur 20. La tension US de sortie du doubleur 11 est collectée aux bornes du circuit formé par les deux condensateurs 19 et 20. Elle alimente la boucle principale, comprenant le transistor 12 et l'électroaimant 7. Le fonctionnement du doubleur de Latour 11 est connu en soi.In known manner, the Latour doubler 11 comprises two capacitors 19 and 20, as well as two rectifying diodes 21 and 22. The voltage source 10 supplies two separate branches in parallel. A first branch is formed by putting diode 21 and capacitor 20 in series, and the second branch is formed by diode 22 and capacitor 19 in series, a terminal of capacitor 19 being connected to a terminal of capacitor 20. The output voltage U S of the doubler 11 is collected across the circuit formed by the two capacitors 19 and 20. It supplies the main loop, comprising the transistor 12 and the electromagnet 7. The operation of the Latour doubler 11 is known by itself.

Un micro-contrôleur 23 est prévu pour commander le fonctionnement de l'électroaimant 7. A cet effet, l'une, référencée 24, de ses sorties est reliée à l'autre entrée de l'opérateur logique 18, par l'intermédiaire d'une minuterie 25. Cet opérateur logique 18 est du type « ET », c'est-à-dire apte à vérifier le cumul de deux conditions. Plus précisément, il n'exécute l'ordre de maintenir fermé le transistor 12 que s'il reçoit cet ordre à la fois du comparateur 17 et de la minuterie 25.A microcontroller 23 is provided to control the operation of the electromagnet 7. For this purpose, one, referenced 24, of its outputs is connected to the other input of the logical operator 18, via a timer 25. This logical operator 18 is of the “AND” type, that is to say capable of verifying the cumulation of two conditions. Specifically, it only executes the order to keep closed transistor 12 only if it receives this command from both comparator 17 and timer 25.

Le micro-contrôleur 23 est également prévu pour commander un ventilateur 26, une diode électro-luminescente 27 et un transistor 28, à partir d'un signal émis par une thermistance 29 formant moyen de mesure de la température dans le voisinage immédiat de la pointe 6. Plus précisément, dès que cette température a dépassé un premier seuil prédéterminé, il met en route le ventilateur 26, qui envoie de l'air sur la pointe 6 afin de la refroidir. Il éteint ce ventilateur 26, une fois que la température mesurée par la thermistance 29 est passée en dessous d'un deuxième seuil prédéterminé, inférieur au premier seuil. Si cette température dépasse un troisième seuil au-delà duquel la pointe 6 risque de se détériorer rapidement, le micro-contrôleur 23 allume la diode électro-luminescente 27 et ferme un transistor 28 afin de signaler la présence d'un défaut. The microcontroller 23 is also provided for control a fan 26, a light-emitting diode 27 and a transistor 28, from a signal emitted by a thermistor 29 forming a means of temperature measurement in the immediate vicinity of point 6. More precisely, as soon as this temperature has exceeded a first predetermined threshold, it starts the fan 26, which sends air to tip 6 to cool it. he turn off this fan 26, once the temperature measured by thermistor 29 has gone below one second predetermined threshold, lower than the first threshold. Yes this temperature exceeds a third threshold beyond which tip 6 may deteriorate quickly, the micro-controller 23 lights up the light-emitting diode 27 and closes a transistor 28 in order to signal the presence of a default.

Le micro-contrôleur 23 comporte des entrées 30 pour sa programmation et trois entrées 31 pour des instructions en provenance de l'unité de pilotage 3.The microcontroller 23 has inputs 30 for its programming and three inputs 31 for instructions in from the control unit 3.

A l'exception de la source de tension 10, les éléments constitutifs du circuit d'alimentation électrique 9, y compris l'opérateur logique 18, la minuterie 25 et le micro-contrôleur 23, sont implantés sur une carte 32, qui est installée dans le boítier 4, c'est-à-dire à proximité de la tête 5.With the exception of voltage source 10, the elements constituting the power supply circuit 9, y including the logical operator 18, the timer 25 and the microcontroller 23, are installed on a card 32, which is installed in the housing 4, that is to say near of the head 5.

On va maintenant décrire le fonctionnement du circuit électrique 9 représenté à la figure 2 en négligeant l'effet de la résistance 15 dans la boucle principale précitée et en se référant également à la figure 3, laquelle illustre l'évolution, au cours du temps t, du courant I7 circulant dans l'électroaimant 7.We will now describe the operation of the electrical circuit 9 shown in Figure 2, neglecting the effect of the resistor 15 in the aforementioned main loop and also referring to Figure 3, which illustrates the evolution, over time t , of the current I 7 flowing in the electromagnet 7.

Lorsque le micro-contrôleur 23 envoie l'ordre de maintenir ouvert le transistor 12, cet ordre est systématiquement transmis par la minuterie 25, puis par l'opérateur logique 18, si bien qu'il parvient à ce transistor 12. On se trouve sur la portion C1 du graphe de la figure 3. Les condensateurs 19 et 20 se chargent jusqu'à ce que la tension US à leurs bornes soit égale au double de l'amplitude de la tension alternative UE. Le courant dans la boucle principale étant nul, le comparateur 17 émet l'ordre de maintenir fermé le transistor 12, cet ordre n'étant pour l'instant pas transmis par l'opérateur logique 18.When the microcontroller 23 sends the order to keep the transistor 12 open, this order is systematically transmitted by the timer 25, then by the logic operator 18, so that it reaches this transistor 12. We are on the portion C 1 of the graph of FIG. 3. The capacitors 19 and 20 charge until the voltage U S at their terminals is equal to twice the amplitude of the alternating voltage U E. The current in the main loop being zero, the comparator 17 issues the order to keep the transistor 12 closed, this order not being transmitted for the moment by the logic operator 18.

Lorsque le micro-contrôleur 23 donne alors l'ordre de fermer le transistor 12, la minuterie 25 se déclenche et transmet cet ordre à l'opérateur logique 18. Comme cet opérateur 18 reçoit l'ordre de fermer le transistor 12 à la fois de la minuterie 25 et du comparateur 17, il ferme ce transistor 12. La tension US est appliquée aux bornes de l'électroaimant 7, dans lequel se déchargent les condensateurs 19 et 20. On se trouve alors sur la portion C2 de la courbe représentée à la figure 3.When the microcontroller 23 then gives the order to close the transistor 12, the timer 25 is triggered and transmits this order to the logical operator 18. As this operator 18 receives the order to close the transistor 12 at the same time the timer 25 and the comparator 17, it closes this transistor 12. The voltage U S is applied to the terminals of the electromagnet 7, in which the capacitors 19 and 20 discharge. We are then on the portion C 2 of the curve shown in Figure 3.

Comme la tension US est nettement supérieure à la tension nominale de l'électroaimant 7, la puissance fournie à cet électroaimant 7 et donc l'accélération du noyau mobile 8 sont nettement supérieurs à ce qu'ils seraient si la tension appliquée aux bornes de cet électroaimant 7 étaient de l'ordre de sa tension nominale. Il s'ensuit que conformément au but de l'invention, le temps nécessaire pour propulser la pointe 6 est faible, et en particulier réduit par rapport à celui obtenu en utilisant celui des dispositifs de l'art antérieur mentionnés en préambule qui comprend un électroaimant.As the voltage U S is much higher than the nominal voltage of the electromagnet 7, the power supplied to this electromagnet 7 and therefore the acceleration of the movable core 8 are much higher than they would be if the voltage applied across the terminals of this electromagnet 7 were of the order of its nominal voltage. It follows that, in accordance with the object of the invention, the time necessary to propel the tip 6 is low, and in particular reduced compared to that obtained using that of the devices of the prior art mentioned in the preamble which comprises an electromagnet .

Par conséquent, il devient intéressant de piloter le marquage selon le mode précédemment qualifié de continu, ce qui signifie notamment que le micro-contrôleur 23 émet un signal périodique à destination du transistor 12. Sur une période T, ce signal comprend successivement un ordre de maintenir fermé et un ordre de maintenir ouvert le transistor 12. Sur la figure 3, la durée de l'ordre de maintenir fermé le transistor 12 et celle de l'ordre contraire sont respectivement notées αT et (1-αT).Therefore, it becomes interesting to pilot the marking according to the mode previously described as continuous, this which means in particular that the microcontroller 23 emits a periodic signal to transistor 12. On a period T, this signal successively comprises an order of keep closed and an order to keep open the transistor 12. In FIG. 3, the duration of the order of keep transistor 12 and that of order closed contrary are respectively denoted αT and (1-αT).

Tant qu'on se trouve sur la partie C2 de la courbe représentée à la figure 3, le courant I7 croít rapidement jusqu'à atteindre l'intensité maximale Imax. A partir de cet instant, et tant que l'opérateur logique 18 reçoit de la minuterie 25 l'ordre de maintenir fermé le transistor 12, le limiteur de courant 13 limite l'intensité du courant I7 à cette valeur maximale Imax (portion C3 de la courbe représentée à la figure 3)et protège ainsi l'électroaimant 7 contre une surintensité qui le détériorerait.As long as we are on part C 2 of the curve represented in FIG. 3, the current I 7 increases rapidly until reaching the maximum intensity I max . From this moment, and as long as the logic operator 18 receives from timer 25 the order to keep transistor 12 closed, the current limiter 13 limits the current intensity I 7 to this maximum value I max (portion C 3 of the curve shown in Figure 3) and thus protects the electromagnet 7 against an overcurrent which would deteriorate it.

Ensuite, dès que l'opérateur logique 18 reçoit du micro-contrôleur 23, via la minuterie 25, l'ordre d'ouvrir le transistor 12, ce dernier est immédiatement ouvert et l'électroaimant 7 se démagnétise en générant un courant I7 qui passe dans la diode de roue libre 14 et décroít rapidement, ce qui correspond à la portion C4 de la courbe représentée à la figure 3.Then, as soon as the logic operator 18 receives from the microcontroller 23, via the timer 25, the order to open the transistor 12, the latter is immediately opened and the electromagnet 7 demagnetizes by generating a current I 7 which passes through the freewheeling diode 14 and decreases rapidly, which corresponds to the portion C 4 of the curve shown in FIG. 3.

La période T est choisie pour avoir la fréquence de percussion voulue. Elle est comprise avantageusement entre 8 ms (millisecondes) et 100 ms, et de préférence entre 12 ms et 40 ms. Le rapport cyclique α détermine la durée durant laquelle on accélère le noyau mobile 8 et permet donc de régler l'énergie avec laquelle la pointe 6 percute la plaque à marquer 2.Period T is chosen to have the frequency of desired percussion. It is advantageously between 8 ms (milliseconds) and 100 ms, and preferably between 12 ms and 40 ms. The duty cycle α determines the duration during which the mobile core 8 is accelerated and allows therefore to regulate the energy with which the tip 6 strikes the plate to be marked 2.

Bien entendu, le marquage peut également être piloté en mode point par point. Dans ce cas, le micro-contrôleur 23 ne commence à émettre l'ordre de maintenir le transistor 12 fermé qu'après que la tête 5 se soit arrêtée.Of course, the marking can also be controlled in point by point mode. In this case, the microcontroller 23 only starts to issue the order to maintain the transistor 12 closed only after the head 5 has stopped.

La minuterie 25 agit comme une sécurité en cas de défaillance du micro-contrôleur 23, en ne transmettant plus un ordre de maintenir fermé le transistor 12 au-delà d'une certaine durée prédéterminée.Timer 25 acts as a safety device in the event of micro-controller 23 failure, no longer transmitting an order to keep transistor 12 closed for more than one certain predetermined duration.

Outre qu'ils font partie du doubleur de tension 11, les condensateurs 19 et 20 sont également prévus pour emmagasiner une quantité suffisante d'énergie pour pouvoir libérer la puissance voulue, pendant la durée voulue, après que le micro-contrôleur 23 ait émis l'ordre de fermer le transistor 12. On notera que l'élévation de tension à l'aide du doubleur 11 permet d'emmagasiner cette quantité d'énergie au moyen de condensateurs 19 et 20 de capacité moindre, ce qui présente l'avantage de permettre une diminution de l'encombrement de la carte 32.Besides being part of the voltage doubler 11, capacitors 19 and 20 are also provided for store enough energy to be able to release the desired power, for the desired time, after that the microcontroller 23 has issued the order to close the transistor 12. It will be noted that the voltage rise at using doubler 11 allows this quantity to be stored of energy by means of capacitors 19 and 20 of capacity less, which has the advantage of allowing reduction in the size of the card 32.

De plus, l'usage du doubleur de tension 11 permet d'utiliser une source 10 délivrant une tension US suffisamment faible pour ne présenter aucun danger pour l'utilisateur (tension de sécurité), ce qui est d'autant plus intéressant que cette source 10 se trouve à l'extérieur de la machine 1, par exemple dans l'unité de pilotage 3.In addition, the use of the voltage doubler 11 makes it possible to use a source 10 delivering a voltage U S sufficiently low to present no danger to the user (safety voltage), which is all the more advantageous since this source 10 is located outside the machine 1, for example in the control unit 3.

Parmi les avantages de l'invention, on notera qu'elle permet d'augmenter la puissance et donc l'énergie totale fournie au noyau mobile 8 et à la pointe 6, en prenant comme base de comparaison celui des dispositifs de l'art antérieur mentionnés en préambule qui contient un électroaimant. Cela vaut que l'on utilise le mode point par point pour piloter le marquage ou bien que l'on utilise le mode continu. Cet avantage permet, par exemple, d'augmenter la profondeur des traces d'impact en creux.Among the advantages of the invention, it will be noted that it increases the power and therefore the total energy supplied to the movable core 8 and to the tip 6, taking as a basis for comparison that of art devices previous mentioned in the preamble which contains a electro magnet. It is worth using the point mode by point to control the marking or that we use the continuous mode. This advantage allows, for example, to increase the depth of the hollow impact traces.

L'invention ne se limite pas au mode de réalisation décrit précédemment. En particulier, le transistor 12 remplit une double fonction à l'aide de l'opérateur logique 18. D'une part, il fait partie du limiteur de courant 13. D'autre part, il fait partie du circuit de commande de l'alimentation de l'électroaimant 7. Par conséquent, ce transistor 12 et l'opérateur logique 18 peuvent être remplacés par deux interrupteurs commandés tels que des transistors, ces deux interrupteurs étant connectés en série avec l'électroaimant 7, dans la boucle principale, et commandés l'un directement par la minuterie 25 et l'autre par le comparateur 17.The invention is not limited to the embodiment previously described. In particular, transistor 12 performs a dual function using the logical operator 18. On the one hand, it is part of the current limiter 13. On the other hand, it is part of the control circuit of the supply of the electromagnet 7. Consequently, this transistor 12 and logic operator 18 can be replaced by two controlled switches such as transistors, these two switches being connected in series with electromagnet 7, in the main loop, and one directly controlled by timer 25 and the other by comparator 17.

Claims (6)

Dispositif de marquage en creux par percussions successives, comprenant : une pointe (6) de percussion d'un objet à marquer (2), un électroaimant (7) de propulsion de la pointe de percussion (6), et un circuit (9) d'alimentation électrique de l'électroaimant (7), ce circuit d'alimentation électrique (9) comprenant un interrupteur commandé (12) connecté en série avec l'électroaimant (7),    caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'alimentation électrique (9) comporte des moyens (10, 11) pour appliquer, aux bornes de l'électroaimant (7), une tension (U7) supérieure à la tension nominale de cet électroaimant (7), ainsi qu'un limiteur de courant (13) disposé pour protéger l'électroaimant (7) en maintenant l'intensité du courant (I7) dans cet électroaimant (7) en dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé (Imax).Hollow marking device by successive percussions, comprising: a percussion point (6) of an object to be marked (2), an electromagnet (7) for propelling the percussion point (6), and a circuit (9) for the electrical supply of the electromagnet (7), this electrical supply circuit (9) comprising a controlled switch (12) connected in series with the electromagnet (7), characterized in that the electrical supply circuit (9) comprises means (10, 11) for applying, at the terminals of the electromagnet (7), a voltage (U 7 ) greater than the nominal voltage of this electromagnet (7 ), as well as a current limiter (13) arranged to protect the electromagnet (7) by keeping the intensity of the current (I 7 ) in this electromagnet (7) below a predetermined threshold (I max ). Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens pour appliquer une tension comprennent une source de tension (10) et un élévateur de tension (11) placé entre cette source de tension (10) et l'électroaimant (7), l'élévateur de tension (11) comportant deux condensateurs (19, 20) disposés pour stocker l'énergie en provenance de la source de tension (10) et pour restituer cette énergie à l'électroaiman (7).Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said means for applying a voltage comprise a voltage source (10) and a voltage booster (11) placed between this voltage source (10) and the electromagnet (7), l 'voltage booster (11) comprising two capacitors (19, 20) arranged to store the energy from the voltage source (10) and to restore this energy to the electromagnet (7). Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élévateur de tension (11) est un doubleur dit de Latour, la source de tension (10) étant destinée à fournir une tension alternative, lesdits condensateurs (19, 20) étant connectés pour se décharger par l'électroaimant (7).Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the voltage booster (11) is a so-called Latour doubler, the voltage source (10) being intended to supply an alternating voltage, said capacitors (19, 20) being connected for discharge by the electromagnet (7). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un opérateur logique (18) placé pour commander l'interrupteur commandé (12), le limiteur de courant (13) comportant cet interrupteur commandé (12), une diode de roue libre (14), une résistance en série avec l'électroaimant, des moyens pour générer une tension de référence (U16), un comparateur placé pour comparer la tension (U15) aux bornes de la résistance (15) à la tension de référence (U16) et pour délivrer à l'opérateur logique (18) un premier ordre de maintenir fermé l'interrupteur commandé (12) lorsque la tension (U15) aux bornes de la résistance (15) est inférieure à la tension de référence (U16), l'opérateur logique (18) étant prévu pour fermer l'interrupteur commandé (12) uniquement s'il reçoit à la fois ce premier ordre et un deuxième ordre de maintenir fermé l'interrupteur commandé (12), la diode de roue libre (14) étant placée dans une boucle comprenant l'électroaimant (7) mais pas l'interrupteur commandé (12).Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a logic operator (18) placed to control the controlled switch (12), the current limiter (13) comprising this controlled switch (12), a freewheeling diode (14), a resistor in series with the electromagnet, means for generating a reference voltage (U 16 ), a comparator placed to compare the voltage (U 15 ) across the resistor (15) with the reference voltage (U 16 ) and to issue the logic operator (18) a first order to keep the controlled switch (12) closed when the voltage (U 15 ) across the resistor (15) is less than the reference voltage (U 16 ), the logic operator (18) being designed to close the controlled switch (12) only if it receives both this first order and a second order to keep the controlled switch closed ( 12), the freewheeling diode (14) being placed e in a loop comprising the electromagnet (7) but not the controlled switch (12). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (23) pour générer un signal périodique à destination de l'interrupteur commandé (12), ce signal ayant une période (T) sur laquelle il comprend successivement un ordre de maintenir fermé et un ordre de maintenir ouvert l'interrupteur commandé (12), cette période (T) étant comprise entre 8 ms et 100 ms.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (23) for generating a periodic signal intended for the controlled switch (12), this signal having a period (T) over which it comprises successively a command to keep closed and an order to keep the controlled switch open (12), this period (T) being between 8 ms and 100 ms. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une minuterie de sécurité (25) qui est placée en aval des moyens (23) pour générer le signal périodique et qui est prévue pour arrêter de transmettre, après une durée prédéterminée, l'ordre de maintenir fermé l'interrupteur commandé (12).Device according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a safety timer (25) which is placed downstream of the means (23) for generating the periodic signal and which is designed to stop transmitting, after a predetermined duration, the order to keep the controlled switch closed (12).
EP03356053A 2002-03-22 2003-03-21 Device for marking by means of a series of percussions Withdrawn EP1346799A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0203621A FR2837412A1 (en) 2002-03-22 2002-03-22 SUCCESSIVE PERCUSSION HOLLOW MARKING DEVICE
FR0203621 2002-03-22

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EP1346799A1 true EP1346799A1 (en) 2003-09-24

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EP (1) EP1346799A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004001192A (en)
CN (1) CN1449967A (en)
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CA (1) CA2423208A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2837412A1 (en)

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DE102004025036A1 (en) * 2003-04-06 2005-12-15 Andreas Grosse Automatic-punching grain measuring device for electronic positioning has optical sensor arranged inside guide sleeve to pass material measurement results to control unit
US8328097B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2012-12-11 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Multi-purpose appendable marking method
CN113804758B (en) * 2021-08-10 2024-03-08 广东省科学院智能制造研究所 Magnetic pulse knocker with energy feedback function

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FR2497974A1 (en) * 1981-01-09 1982-07-16 Cepe Controller for electronic component engraving machine - uses calculator output bus to control tracing table write head coupled to engraving head
US4553074A (en) * 1982-08-03 1985-11-12 Martelec Societe Civile Particuliere Method of and apparatus for the autosynchronization of an electromagnetic hammer
WO1990006237A2 (en) * 1988-11-23 1990-06-14 Datacard Corporation Method and apparatus for driving and controlling an improved solenoid impact imprinter

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US20040012906A1 (en) 2004-01-22
FR2837412A1 (en) 2003-09-26
CN1449967A (en) 2003-10-22
CA2423208A1 (en) 2003-09-22
JP2004001192A (en) 2004-01-08
BR0300707A (en) 2004-09-08

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