EP1333176B1 - Swash or wobble plate compressors - Google Patents
Swash or wobble plate compressors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1333176B1 EP1333176B1 EP20020002383 EP02002383A EP1333176B1 EP 1333176 B1 EP1333176 B1 EP 1333176B1 EP 20020002383 EP20020002383 EP 20020002383 EP 02002383 A EP02002383 A EP 02002383A EP 1333176 B1 EP1333176 B1 EP 1333176B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- bearing
- swash
- compressor
- wobble plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/0873—Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
- F04B27/0878—Pistons
- F04B27/0886—Piston shoes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a swash or wobble plate compressor, in particular a compressor for a vehicle air-conditioning system, and to piston for use in such a compressor.
- a conventional swash or wobble plate compressor comprises a piston 1 with a piston head 2 at one end which reciprocates in a cylinder bore 3.
- the end 4 of the piston 1 opposite the piston head 2 extends out of the cylinder bore 3 and is provided with a recess 5 in which is mounted a part-spherical bearing 6 that is centrally disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the piston 1.
- a swash or wobble plate arrangement 8 which is rotatably driven by a drive shaft (not shown) of the compressor, is connected to the bearing 6 so that drive forces are transmitted from the arrangement 8 via the bearing 6 to the piston 1.
- the forces transmitted to the piston 1 are not exclusively axial forces but comprise a substantial radial component F Q , which is dependent on the angle of inclination of the plate arrangement 8.
- the radial component F Q results in forces of reaction F A and F B , which cause contact to occur between the piston 1 and the cylinder bore 3 that leads to wear in bore 3 and consequent compression and wear of the piston 1.
- JP05 026 156 is considered as the closest prior art, and discusses a compressor which is very similar to that claimed. This document does not disclose, however, an offset in the bearing for a single headed piston in order to reduce excessive wear.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a swash or wobble plate compressor in which the effects of wear caused by lateral forces are substantially mitigated.
- a compressor comprising at least one piston moveable in a cylinder, a drive shaft, a swash or wobble plate arrangement rotatably mounted between the piston and the drive shaft, an at least part-spherical bearing attached to the piston against which the swash or wobble plate arrangement acts to reciprocate the piston in the cylinder.
- the piston defines a recess at one end in which the bearing is located.
- the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset with respect to a longitudinal plane in which both the longitudinal axis of the piston and a longitudinal axis of a drive shaft for the piston lie.
- the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset radially outwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the piston.
- the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
- the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset at a position located between 240° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
- the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset at a position located between 270° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
- the bearing comprises part-spherical pockets located on opposite sides of the recess.
- the bearing comprises a ball attached to one end of the piston against which the swash or wobble plate arrangement acts to reciprocate the piston.
- a piston for use in a swash or wobble plate compressor comprising a piston head at one end and attached at its other end to an at least part-spherical bearing against which a swash or wobble plate arrangement of a compressor can act to reciprocate the piston in a cylinder.
- the piston defines a recess at one end in which the bearing is located.
- the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset radially with respect to the longitudinal axis the piston and in a selected direction of rotation of the swash or wobble plate arrangement in a compressor with respect to the piston.
- Figs. 2a and 2b are diagrams of a cross-section through piston 1 with a bearing 6 and swash or wobble plate arrangement 8.
- the radial force F Q is shown that is dependent on the angle of inclination of the arrangement 8 and this is resolved into the lateral forces of reaction F A and F B ,
- the lateral force F Ab differs by virtue of the offsetting of the centre of the bearing 6 from the longitudinal axis 7 of the piston 1 by the distance e.
- F Aa F Ab F Q * a + b a F Q * a + b a - F T * e a
- F B will increase in the embodiment according to the invention shown in Fig. 2b because a moment F T *e is introduced. F B will therefore increase by the reaction moment. However, the increase in this resultant force can be tolerated because the most damaging wear caused by lateral forces occurs at the end of the piston opposite the piston head 2 and at the corresponding end of the bore 3. Very little, if any, wear is ever found at the piston head 2 and the closed end of the bore 3. Hence, it is not expected that a slight increase in the force F B will cause significant increased wear.
- the offsetting of the centre of the bearing 6 radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis 7 of the piston 1 can be carried out in any swash or wobble plate compressor.
- a wobble plate arrangement 8 comprises a double-slide arrangement in which the bearing 6 comprises a pair of part-spherical sliding shoes 10 between which a swash or wobble plate 8 is located.
- the shoes 10 are mounted between two pressure-bearing shoe pockets 11 defined respectively on opposite sides of the recess 5, each of the pockets 11 defining a part-spherical bearing surface.
- the centres 12 of the pocket surfaces are located at a position offset radially' outwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the piston 1.
- a bearing 6 comprising a ball 13 with a spherical working surface around which is located a washer 14 and retainer 15 connected via a bearing 16 to the swash or wobble plate arrangement 8.
- the arrangement 8 also comprises a pressure-bearing shoe 17 which bears against the part-spherical end surface portion of the ball 13 to transmit force to the piston 1.
- the centre 18 of the surface portion of the ball 13 is located at a position offset radially outwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the piston 1.
- centres 12 and 18 of the part-spherical surfaces of the bearings 6 for the piston against which the swash or wobble plate arrangements 8 bear being offset radially with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the piston 1, it is also advantageous if the centres 12 and 18 are offset with respect to a longitudinal plane in which both the longitudinal axis 7 of the piston 1 and the longitudinal axis 9 of the drive shaft for the piston 1 lie.
- Figs. 5a, 5b and 5c show the circumferential lateral forces running around a conventional piston and the length of its path of contact during the piston stroke. These determine the amount of wear caused by the lateral forces and hence can be used to determine the preferred position for the location of the centres 12 and 18 of the bearings 6.
- the location of the centre 12 or 18 of the bearings 6 should be offset to counter the higher levels of the force in the direction of rotation at an offset position located between 240° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, such as at the positions 19 and 20 marked with an 'x'.
- Position 19, which lies at 360° is simply a translation of the point of contact radially with respect to the longitudinal axis 7.of the piston.
- a position 20 is selected which lies is between 270° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft and which is offset with respect to a longitudinal plane in which both the longitudinal axis 7 of the piston 1 and a longitudinal axis 9 of a drive shaft for the piston 1 lie.
- Fig. 5a does not indicate the direction in which the swash or wobble plate arrangement 8 is turning. Depending on its direction of rotation, in Figs. 5b and 5c there will be a mirror-image reflection of the paths about the x or horizontal axis.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a swash or wobble plate compressor, in particular a compressor for a vehicle air-conditioning system, and to piston for use in such a compressor.
- As illustrated diagrammatically in
Fig. 1 , a conventional swash or wobble plate compressor comprises apiston 1 with apiston head 2 at one end which reciprocates in a cylinder bore 3. The end 4 of thepiston 1 opposite thepiston head 2 extends out of the cylinder bore 3 and is provided with arecess 5 in which is mounted a part-spherical bearing 6 that is centrally disposed with respect to thelongitudinal axis 7 of thepiston 1. A swash orwobble plate arrangement 8, which is rotatably driven by a drive shaft (not shown) of the compressor, is connected to thebearing 6 so that drive forces are transmitted from thearrangement 8 via thebearing 6 to thepiston 1. As the swash orwobble plate arrangement 8 is inclined with respect to thelongitudinal axis 9 of the drive shaft, the forces transmitted to thepiston 1 are not exclusively axial forces but comprise a substantial radial component FQ, which is dependent on the angle of inclination of theplate arrangement 8. The radial component FQ results in forces of reaction FA and FB, which cause contact to occur between thepiston 1 and the cylinder bore 3 that leads to wear in bore 3 and consequent compression and wear of thepiston 1. -
JP05 026 156 - The object of the present invention is to provide a swash or wobble plate compressor in which the effects of wear caused by lateral forces are substantially mitigated.
- According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a compressor comprising at least one piston moveable in a cylinder, a drive shaft, a swash or wobble plate arrangement rotatably mounted between the piston and the drive shaft, an at least part-spherical bearing attached to the piston against which the swash or wobble plate arrangement acts to reciprocate the piston in the cylinder.
- The piston defines a recess at one end in which the bearing is located.
- The centre of the bearing is located at a position offset with respect to a longitudinal plane in which both the longitudinal axis of the piston and a longitudinal axis of a drive shaft for the piston lie.
- The centre of the bearing is located at a position offset radially outwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the piston. Preferably, the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
- Preferably also, the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset at a position located between 240° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft. Advantageously, the centre of the bearing is located at a position offset at a position located between 270° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
- Preferably also, the bearing comprises part-spherical pockets located on opposite sides of the recess.
- Alternatively, the bearing comprises a ball attached to one end of the piston against which the swash or wobble plate arrangement acts to reciprocate the piston.
- According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a piston for use in a swash or wobble plate compressor comprising a piston head at one end and attached at its other end to an at least part-spherical bearing against which a swash or wobble plate arrangement of a compressor can act to reciprocate the piston in a cylinder.
- The piston defines a recess at one end in which the bearing is located.
- The centre of the bearing is located at a position offset radially with respect to the longitudinal axis the piston and in a selected direction of rotation of the swash or wobble plate arrangement in a compressor with respect to the piston.
- The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic, part longitudinal cross-sectional view of a piston and piston guide means forming part of a conventional driving mechanism of a swash or wobble plate compressor; -
Fig. 2a is a diagram showing the forces acting on a piston in a conventional swash or wobble plate compressor; -
Fig. 2b is a diagram showing the forces acting on a piston in a swash or wobble plate compressor according to the present invention; -
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a piston and piston guide means forming part of a first embodiment of swash or wobble plate compressor according to the invention; -
Fig. 4 is a diagram similar toFig. 3 but of a second embodiment of compressor; -
Figs. 5a is a diagram showing the location of lateral forces acting around the circumference of a conventional piston during its operation and the length of its stroke; -
Fig. 5b is a diagram showing graphically the lateral forces projected onto the contact length of the piston during its stroke; and -
Fig. 5c is a diagram showing graphically the lateral forces acting on the piston during its stroke. - In all the drawings, the same components or components with the same function have been given the same reference numeral.
- As described above with reference to
Fig. 1 , in a swash or wobble plate compressor forces are transmitted to thepiston 1 that are not exclusively axial forces but comprise a substantial radial component FQ dependent on the angle of inclination of theswash plate arrangement 8. These radial or' lateral forces cause wear to occur in the cylinder bore 3 and on thepiston 1. - With reference to
Figs. 2a and 2b , it will be demonstrated that if the centre of a bearing arrangement such as the centre of a shoe pocket of a piston of a compressor is arranged off-axis, an opposite moment is introduced into the piston which offsets the aforesaid forces FA and FB. Wear between the piston and the cylinder is thereby reduced. -
Figs. 2a and 2b are diagrams of a cross-section throughpiston 1 with a bearing 6 and swash orwobble plate arrangement 8. The radial force FQ is shown that is dependent on the angle of inclination of thearrangement 8 and this is resolved into the lateral forces of reaction FA and FB, -
-
- FG
- is the gas force of the compressor
- FT
- is the resultant of the gas force
- FQ
- is the radial force
- FA and FB
- are the resultant forces of the radial force
- e
- is the distance of the off-axis shift of the centre of the bearing
- a
- is the length of the piston between the points of application of the resultant forces FA and FB
- b
- is the distance between the points of application of the forces FB and FQ
-
-
- It can thus be seen that, all other forces being equal, the lateral force FAb must be less than the lateral force FAa. It should be appreciated that for the purposes of these calculations it has been assumed that the force FB does not generate a moment, the pivot point being taken at the point of intersection of the central pivot axis and the point of application of FB. All other forces were determined accordingly.
- FB will increase in the embodiment according to the invention shown in
Fig. 2b because a moment FT*e is introduced. FB will therefore increase by the reaction moment. However, the increase in this resultant force can be tolerated because the most damaging wear caused by lateral forces occurs at the end of the piston opposite thepiston head 2 and at the corresponding end of the bore 3. Very little, if any, wear is ever found at thepiston head 2 and the closed end of the bore 3. Hence, it is not expected that a slight increase in the force FB will cause significant increased wear. - It will be appreciated that offsetting of the centre of the
bearing 6 from thelongitudinal axis 7 of thepiston 1 by the distance e does not reduce the forces acting on thepiston 1 overall but the advantage is that their points of application are shifted to locations where they are, in part, internally compensated for within the piston body and, where any transmitted to the cylinder bore 3, it is at locations less damaging to operation of the compressor as a whole than would otherwise be the case. These locations are in areas which are subjected to less stress and are distributed in a better way. The effects of wear caused by lateral forces are therefore substantially reduced. - The offsetting of the centre of the
bearing 6 radially outwardly from thelongitudinal axis 7 of thepiston 1 can be carried out in any swash or wobble plate compressor. - In a first exemplary embodiment as shown in
Fig. 3 , awobble plate arrangement 8 comprises a double-slide arrangement in which thebearing 6 comprises a pair of part-spherical slidingshoes 10 between which a swash or wobbleplate 8 is located. Theshoes 10 are mounted between two pressure-bearing shoe pockets 11 defined respectively on opposite sides of therecess 5, each of thepockets 11 defining a part-spherical bearing surface. Thecentres 12 of the pocket surfaces are located at a position offset radially' outwardly with respect to thelongitudinal axis 7 of thepiston 1. - In a second exemplary embodiment as shown in
Fig. 4 , at the end of thepiston 1 opposite thepiston head 2 is abearing 6 comprising aball 13 with a spherical working surface around which is located awasher 14 andretainer 15 connected via abearing 16 to the swash orwobble plate arrangement 8. Thearrangement 8 also comprises a pressure-bearingshoe 17 which bears against the part-spherical end surface portion of theball 13 to transmit force to thepiston 1. As before, it can be seen that thecentre 18 of the surface portion of theball 13 is located at a position offset radially outwardly with respect to thelongitudinal axis 7 of thepiston 1. - In addition to the
centres bearings 6 for the piston against which the swash or wobbleplate arrangements 8 bear being offset radially with respect to thelongitudinal axis 7 of thepiston 1, it is also advantageous if thecentres longitudinal axis 7 of thepiston 1 and thelongitudinal axis 9 of the drive shaft for thepiston 1 lie. -
Figs. 5a, 5b and 5c show the circumferential lateral forces running around a conventional piston and the length of its path of contact during the piston stroke. These determine the amount of wear caused by the lateral forces and hence can be used to determine the preferred position for the location of thecentres bearings 6. - With reference to
Fig. 5a , at top dead centre OT the length of the piston contact area is maximal, whereas at the lower dead centre UT it is minimal. Now, if the circumferential lateral force is projected onto the contact length, as shown inFig. 5b , it is clear that for a lengthened support area of the piston, or a correspondingly lengthened cylinder face, the following priority sequence results: D, A, B, C. That is, in position C the imposed load is least and between positions A and C the imposed load rises to its maximum at position D. Preferably, therefore, the location of thecentre bearings 6 should be offset to counter the higher levels of the force in the direction of rotation at an offset position located between 240° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, such as at thepositions Position 19, which lies at 360° is simply a translation of the point of contact radially with respect to the longitudinal axis 7.of the piston. Advantageously, however, aposition 20 is selected which lies is between 270° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft and which is offset with respect to a longitudinal plane in which both thelongitudinal axis 7 of thepiston 1 and alongitudinal axis 9 of a drive shaft for thepiston 1 lie. - It will be appreciated that
Fig. 5a does not indicate the direction in which the swash orwobble plate arrangement 8 is turning. Depending on its direction of rotation, inFigs. 5b and 5c there will be a mirror-image reflection of the paths about the x or horizontal axis. - It will also be appreciated that during the manufacture of a piston in accordance with the present invention that in order for the
position 20 for the centre of thebearing 6 to be selected at an offset position located between 240° and 360°, the direction of rotation of the swash orwobble plate arrangement 8 within the compressor with respect to thepiston 1 will have had to have been decided.
Claims (8)
- A compressor comprising at least one piston (1) moveable in a cylinder (3), a drive shaft, a swash or wobble plate arrangement (8) rotatably mounted between the piston (1) and the drive shaft, an at least part-spherical bearing (6) attached to the piston (1) against which the swash or wobble plate arrangement (8) acts to reciprocate the piston (1) in the cylinder (3),
wherein the piston (1) defines a recess (5) at one end in which the bearing (6) is located; and wherein further
the centre (12, 18) of the bearing (6) is located at a position (20) offset radially outwardly with respect to a longitudinal plane in which both the longitudinal axis (7) of the piston (1) and a longitudinal axis (9) of a drive shaft for the piston (1) lie. - A compressor as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the centre (12, 18) of the bearing (6) is located at a position (20) offset in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
- A compressor as claimed in either of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the centre (12, 18) of the bearing (6) is located at a position (20) offset at a position located between 240° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
- A compressor as claimed in either of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the centre (12, 18) of the bearing (6) is located at a position (20) offset at a position located between 270° and 360° in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
- A compressor as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the bearing (6) comprises part-spherical pockets (11) located on opposite sides of the recess (5).
- A compressor as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the bearing (6) comprises a ball (13) attached to one end of the piston (1) against which the swash or wobble plate arrangement (8) acts to reciprocate the piston (1).
- A piston (1) for use in a swash or wobble plate compressor comprising a piston head (2) at one end, and attached at its other end to an at least part-spherical bearing (6) against which a swash or wobble plate arrangement (8) of a compressor can act to reciprocate the piston (1) in a cylinder (3),
wherein the piston (1) defines a recess (5) at one end in which the bearing (6) is located, and
wherein further the centre (12, 18) of the bearing (6) is located at a position (21) offset radially outwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis (7) of the piston, and in a selected direction of rotation of the swash or wobble plate arrangement (8) in a compressor with respect to the piston (1). - A piston as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the centre (12, 18) of the bearing (6) is located at a position (21) between 240° and 360° in the selected direction of rotation for the piston (1).
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE60230714T DE60230714D1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2002-01-31 | Swash plate compressor |
EP20020002383 EP1333176B1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2002-01-31 | Swash or wobble plate compressors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20020002383 EP1333176B1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2002-01-31 | Swash or wobble plate compressors |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1333176A1 EP1333176A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 |
EP1333176B1 true EP1333176B1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
Family
ID=8185403
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20020002383 Expired - Lifetime EP1333176B1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2002-01-31 | Swash or wobble plate compressors |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1333176B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60230714D1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6334372U (en) * | 1986-08-25 | 1988-03-05 | ||
JPH0526156A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1993-02-02 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | Cam plate type compressor |
US5638736A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1997-06-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Wave cam type compressor |
JPH08326655A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-10 | Calsonic Corp | Swash plate compressor |
-
2002
- 2002-01-31 EP EP20020002383 patent/EP1333176B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-31 DE DE60230714T patent/DE60230714D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1333176A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 |
DE60230714D1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
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