EP1329984A1 - System for a phased array antenna - Google Patents

System for a phased array antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1329984A1
EP1329984A1 EP03003905A EP03003905A EP1329984A1 EP 1329984 A1 EP1329984 A1 EP 1329984A1 EP 03003905 A EP03003905 A EP 03003905A EP 03003905 A EP03003905 A EP 03003905A EP 1329984 A1 EP1329984 A1 EP 1329984A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
coupling
arrangement
sub
radiator elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
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EP03003905A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tiang-Gwan Liem
Klaus Prof. Dr. Solbach
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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EADS Deutschland GmbH
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Publication of EP1329984A1 publication Critical patent/EP1329984A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for a phase-controlled antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Phase-controlled antennas in particular for radar applications, are known for example from the published documents DE-A 3803779 and DE-A 3902739.
  • the arrangements described there consist essentially of a variety of transmit / receive radiator elements arranged in a line or matrix are. These transmit / receive radiator elements are via a phase shifter arrangement, a distribution network and a transmission / reception switch, a circulator, connected to a known transmission / reception arrangement. there serves the distribution network and the phase shifter arrangement for electronic Forming and / or pivoting a transmitting / receiving lobe.
  • the send / receive switch is a decoupling of the transmit and receive signals reached.
  • US 3,906,502 describes an arrangement as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • two waveguides designed as divider networks TN1, TN2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to a symmetry line SY.
  • the divider networks TN1, TN2 have in their longitudinal direction a plurality of coupling / decoupling points S1 to Sn (FIG. 2) for coupling / decoupling the waves that can be guided in the waveguide.
  • These coupling / decoupling points are connected to the distributor and phaser network PHN by means of connecting waveguides VW1 to VWn (FIG. 2).
  • the two sub-networks TN1, TN2 each have a single coupling / decoupling connection EA1, EA2.
  • the coupling / decoupling connections EA1, EA2 each correspond to a gate of the respective waveguide WE (FIG. 2).
  • the other gate of the waveguide WE is terminated with a terminating resistor (RF sump).
  • the coupling / decoupling connections EA1, EA2 are connected to gates of a coupler KO.
  • the coupler KO has two further gates T1, T2, a transmission arrangement being coupled to one gate T1, T2 and a reception arrangement being coupled to the second gate T2, T1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved generic arrangement for a phase-controlled antenna to specify.
  • the phase-controlled Antenna consecutively numbered transmit / receive radiator elements to which at least two subnetworks are connected, the even number numbered transmit / receive radiator elements to the one sub-network and the odd-numbered transmit / receive radiator elements to the other Subnetwork are connected.
  • the invention is based on the use of a series feed line, which several Coupling / decoupling points for coupling / decoupling the transmit / receive signals used has and also two gates for coupling the transmitting and receiving arrangement.
  • a series feed line consists of one for the transmit / receive wavelengths used suitable waveguide, for example a waveguide, in the predeterminable, equidistant in the direction of propagation of the guided wave Distances a predeterminable number of coupling points, for example coupling slots, are arranged. This makes it possible, for example, to send an in transmitted signal to the waveguide in a predeterminable number, which is the number which corresponds to the coupling points of individual transmission signals with predeterminable transmission power divide. This is particularly due to the design of the coupling points depending on what a specialist is familiar with.
  • These single broadcast signals that for example, are assigned to a complete row of radiator elements, are then the individual transmit / receive radiator elements via distribution and phaser networks fed.
  • the subnetwork includes a waveguide WE, for example with a rectangular cross section for the 5 GHz range.
  • the waveguide has two gates T1, T2 and a predeterminable number of slots S1 to Sn, where n is a definable integer.
  • the gate T1 corresponds, for example the coupling-in / coupling-out connection EA1 in FIG. 3.
  • the other gate T2 is for example with a terminating resistor (HF sump).
  • the slots S1 to Sn are as Coupling / decoupling slides designed for the wave (wavelength ⁇ ) and have in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide WE (direction of propagation the shaft) a distance ⁇ / 2.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention phased antenna.
  • Fig. 1 where one half of the Transmitting / receiving radiator elements completely connected to a divider network TN1, TN2 3, there is a type in the arrangement according to the invention according to FIG alternating connection.
  • a divider network for example TN1 and all even numbers to the other, here TN2.
  • phase adjuster PHN Switching between transmission and reception occurs by changing the phase adjuster PHN in one of the two halves of the phaser network by 180 °.
  • a large number of current phase adjusters are currently used for such phase switching processes suitable, for example delay lines. It is between the gates T1, T2 a desired high decoupling, for example greater than 20 dB, can be produced, if the coupler KO (hybrid) with a reflection-free termination a correspondingly high one Has decoupling and it is also ensured that the arrangement with respect of the guided waves is symmetrical and also as small as possible Has reflection factors.
  • the arrangement according to the invention can be used as follows in the case of transmission become.
  • a transmission signal is coupled into the gate 1 as a continuous wave, for example, in this way, portions are coupled out at the coupling-in / coupling-out slots S1 to Sn and via the connecting waveguides VW1 to VWn and the phase adjuster to the Transmitted / received radiator elements.
  • the phase adjuster is then known A pivoting of the transmission lobe (transmission characteristic) possible.
  • the one received by the transmitting / receiving radiator elements is now Signal, for example the echo signals belonging to the transmission signal, via the Phase controller of the phase network and the connecting waveguide VW1 to VWn directed into the waveguide WE. It is now possible to use the phaser in this Set the reception case in such a way that the resulting in the waveguide WE Received signal can be coupled out at the second gate T2.
  • the first gate T1 arises at most a negligible (reflection) part. That at the second gate T2 received signal is then generated in a manner known per se, for example via waveguide, directed to a (radar) receiver and evaluated there.
  • the described transmission / reception switching process with the invention is carried out solely by adjusting the phase adjuster by values that the phase progression of the series feed line and the elevation swivel angle to be set depend on the beam characteristics; the corresponding calculation is familiar to the expert.
  • the coupler KO is advantageous as a 3 dB hybrid, for example as a so-called “magic” T "or designed as a 3 dB directional coupler.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is advantageous with a large number of waveguides, for example in so-called stripline or microstrip or coaxial technology produced.

Abstract

The antenna arrangement has continuously numbered transmission and reception radiator elements alternately connected to at least two sub-networks; even-numbered radiator elements are connected to the first sub-network and odd numbered radiator elements are connected to the second sub-network. The arrangement has transmit/receive radiator elements in rows and columns, a distribution and phase setting network (PHN), a series feed line with a waveguide with equidistant coupling points, a connecting waveguide, an arrangement for selective signal delivery to the transmission and/or reception arrangement and at least two sub-networks (TN1,2) with waveguides. Continuously numbered radiator elements are alternately connected to the sub-networks; even-numbered elements are connected to the first sub-network and odd numbered ones to the second sub-network.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung für eine phasengesteuerte Antenne gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an arrangement for a phase-controlled antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.

Phasengesteuerte Antennen, insbesondere für Radaranwendungen, sind bekannt, beispielsweise aus den Offenlegungsschriften DE-A 3803779 sowie DE-A 3902739. Die dort beschriebenen Anordnungen bestehen im wesentlichen aus einer Vielzahl von Sende/Empfangsstrahlerelementen, die zeilen- oder matrixförmig angeordnet sind. Diese Sende/Empfangsstrahlerelemente sind über eine Phasenschieberanordnung, ein Verteilernetzwerk sowie einen Sende/Empfangsumschalter, einen Zirkulator, an eine an sich bekannte Sende/Empfangsanordnung angeschlossen. Dabei dient das Verteilernetzwerk sowie die Phasenschieberanordnung zur elektronischen Formung und/oder Schwenkung einer Sende/Empfangskeule. Durch den Sende/Empfangsumschalter wird eine Entkopplung der Sende- und Empfangssignale erreicht.Phase-controlled antennas, in particular for radar applications, are known for example from the published documents DE-A 3803779 and DE-A 3902739. The arrangements described there consist essentially of a variety of transmit / receive radiator elements arranged in a line or matrix are. These transmit / receive radiator elements are via a phase shifter arrangement, a distribution network and a transmission / reception switch, a circulator, connected to a known transmission / reception arrangement. there serves the distribution network and the phase shifter arrangement for electronic Forming and / or pivoting a transmitting / receiving lobe. By the send / receive switch is a decoupling of the transmit and receive signals reached.

US 3,906,502 beschreibt eine Anordnung wie sie in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. In der Anordnung sind zwei als Teilernetzwerke TN1, TN2 ausgebildete Wellenleiter symmetrisch bezüglich einer Symmetrielinie SY angeordnet. Die Teilernetzwerke TN1, TN2 weisen in ihrer Längsrichtung mehrere Ein-/Auskoppelstellen S1 bis Sn (Fig. 2) zur Ein-/Auskopplung der in dem Wellenleiter führbaren Wellen auf. Diese Ein-/Auskoppelstellen sind mittels Verbindungswellenleitern VW1 bis VWn (Fig. 2) mit dem Verteiler- und Phasensteller-Netzwerk PHN verbunden.
Die beiden Teilnetzwerke TN1, TN2 weisen jeweils einen einzigen Ein-/Auskoppelanschluß EA1, EA2 auf. Die Ein-/Auskoppelanschlüsse EA1, EA2 entsprechen dabei jeweils einem Tor des jeweiligen Wellenleiters WE (Fig. 2). Das jeweils andere Tor des Wellenleiters WE ist mit einem Abschlußwiderstand (HF-Sumpf) abgeschlossen. Die Ein-/Auskoppelanschlüsse EA1, EA2 sind an Tore eines Kopplers KO angeschlossen. Der Koppler KO besitzt zwei weitere Tore T1, T2, wobei an das eine Tor T1, T2 eine Sendeanordnung und an das zweite Tor T2, T1 eine Empfangsanordnung angekoppelt ist.US 3,906,502 describes an arrangement as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the arrangement, two waveguides designed as divider networks TN1, TN2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to a symmetry line SY. The divider networks TN1, TN2 have in their longitudinal direction a plurality of coupling / decoupling points S1 to Sn (FIG. 2) for coupling / decoupling the waves that can be guided in the waveguide. These coupling / decoupling points are connected to the distributor and phaser network PHN by means of connecting waveguides VW1 to VWn (FIG. 2).
The two sub-networks TN1, TN2 each have a single coupling / decoupling connection EA1, EA2. The coupling / decoupling connections EA1, EA2 each correspond to a gate of the respective waveguide WE (FIG. 2). The other gate of the waveguide WE is terminated with a terminating resistor (RF sump). The coupling / decoupling connections EA1, EA2 are connected to gates of a coupler KO. The coupler KO has two further gates T1, T2, a transmission arrangement being coupled to one gate T1, T2 and a reception arrangement being coupled to the second gate T2, T1.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine verbesserte gattungsgemäße Anordnung für eine phasengesteuerte Antenne anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide an improved generic arrangement for a phase-controlled antenna to specify.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der Anordnung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with the arrangement according to claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß sind in der zeilen- und spaltenförmigen Anordnung der phasengesteuerten Antenne fortlaufend numerierten Sende-/Empfangs-Strahlerelemente alternierend an die mindestens zwei Teilnetzwerke angeschlossen sind, wobei die geradzahlig numerierten Sende-/Empfangs-Strahlerelemente an das eine Teilnetzwerk und die ungeradzahlig numerierten Sende-/Empfangs-Strahlerelemente an das andere Teilnetzwerk angeschlossen sind.According to the invention are in the row and columnar arrangement of the phase-controlled Antenna consecutively numbered transmit / receive radiator elements to which at least two subnetworks are connected, the even number numbered transmit / receive radiator elements to the one sub-network and the odd-numbered transmit / receive radiator elements to the other Subnetwork are connected.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Verwendung einer Serien-Speiseleitung, die mehrere Ein/Auskoppelstellen zur Ein/Auskopplung der verwendeten Sende/Empfangssignale besitzt und außerdem zwei Tore zur Ankopplung der Sende- sowie der Empfangsanordnung. Eine Serien-Speiseleitung besteht aus einem für die verwendeten Sende/Empfangswellenlängen geeigneten Wellenleiter, beispielsweise einem Hohlleiter, bei dem in der Ausbreitungsrichtung der geführten Welle in vorgebbaren, äquidistanten Abständen eine vorgebbare Anzahl von Koppelstellen, beispielsweise Koppelschlitze, angeordnet sind. Damit ist es beispielsweise im Sendefall möglich, ein in dem Wellenleiter geführtes Sendesignal in eine vorgebbare Anzahl, welche der Anzahl der Koppelstellen entspricht, von Einzel-Sendesignalen mit vorgebbaren Sendeleistung aufzuteilen. Diese ist insbesondere von der Ausgestaltung der Koppelstellen abhängig, was einem Fachmann geläufig ist. Diese Einzel-Sendesignale, die beispielsweise einer vollständigen Zeile von Strahlerelementen zugeordnet sind, werden dann über Verteiler- und Phasenstellernetzwerke den einzelnen Sende/Empfangsstrahlerelementen zugeleitet. The invention is based on the use of a series feed line, which several Coupling / decoupling points for coupling / decoupling the transmit / receive signals used has and also two gates for coupling the transmitting and receiving arrangement. A series feed line consists of one for the transmit / receive wavelengths used suitable waveguide, for example a waveguide, in the predeterminable, equidistant in the direction of propagation of the guided wave Distances a predeterminable number of coupling points, for example coupling slots, are arranged. This makes it possible, for example, to send an in transmitted signal to the waveguide in a predeterminable number, which is the number which corresponds to the coupling points of individual transmission signals with predeterminable transmission power divide. This is particularly due to the design of the coupling points depending on what a specialist is familiar with. These single broadcast signals that for example, are assigned to a complete row of radiator elements, are then the individual transmit / receive radiator elements via distribution and phaser networks fed.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme von schematisch dargestellten Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Antennenanordnung nach dem Stand der Technik,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines Teilnetzwerks einer Antennenanordnung gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanordnung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to schematically illustrated figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
1 shows a schematic representation of an antenna arrangement according to the prior art,
Fig. 2
2 shows a schematic representation of a sub-network of an antenna arrangement according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
is a schematic representation of an antenna arrangement according to the invention.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Teilnetzwerks einer bekannten Antennenanordnung. Das Teilnetzwerk umfaßt dabei einen Wellenleiter WE, beispielsweise mit einem rechteckförmigen Querschnitt für den 5-GHz-Bereich. Der Wellenleiter hat zwei Tore T1, T2 und eine vorgebbare Anzahl von Schlitzen S1 bis Sn, wobei n eine vorgebbare ganze Zahl ist. Das Tor T1 entspricht dabei beispielsweise dem Ein-/Auskoppelanschluß EA1 in Fig. 3. Das andere Tor T2 ist dabei beispielsweise mit einem Abschlußwiderstand (HF-Sumpf). Die Schlitze S1 bis Sn sind als Ein-/Auskoppelschlize ausgebildet für die im Wellenleiter WE geführte Welle (Wellenlänge λ) und haben in der Längsrichtung des Wellenleiter WE (Ausbreitungsrichtung der Welle) einen Abstand λ/2. An jedem der Ein-/Auskoppelschlitze S1 bis Sn ist ein zugehöriger Verbindungswellenleiter VW1 bis VWn (Verbindungshohlleiter) angekoppelt. Diese führen zu nicht dargestellten, aber aus den eingangs genannten Druckschriften an sich bekannten Phasensteller-Netzwerken, die mit PHN bezeichnet sind. An diese sind dann, entsprechend den eingangs genannten Druckschriften, die Sende/Empfangsstrahlerelemente angeschlossen.2 shows a schematic representation of a sub-network of a known antenna arrangement. The subnetwork includes a waveguide WE, for example with a rectangular cross section for the 5 GHz range. The waveguide has two gates T1, T2 and a predeterminable number of slots S1 to Sn, where n is a definable integer. The gate T1 corresponds, for example the coupling-in / coupling-out connection EA1 in FIG. 3. The other gate T2 is for example with a terminating resistor (HF sump). The slots S1 to Sn are as Coupling / decoupling slides designed for the wave (wavelength λ) and have in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide WE (direction of propagation the shaft) a distance λ / 2. At each of the coupling / decoupling slots S1 to Sn an associated connecting waveguide VW1 to VWn (connecting waveguide) is coupled. These lead to not shown, but from the above Publications on known phaser networks, designated PHN are. These are then, according to the publications mentioned at the beginning, the Transmitting / receiving radiator elements connected.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung einer phasengesteuerten Antenne. Im Gegensatz zu Fig. 1, wo die eine Hälfte der Sende-/Empfangsstrahlerelemente vollständig an ein Teilernetzwerk TN1, TN2 angeschlossen ist, erfolgt bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3 eine Art alternierender Anschluß. Dabei werden bei fortlaufend numerierten Sende-/Empfangsstrahlerelementen alle ungeradzahligen Sende-/Empfangsstrahlerelemente an ein Teilernetzwerk, beispielsweise TN1, angekoppelt und alle geradzahligen an das andere, hier TN2. Durch diese verzahnte Ankopplung ist es möglich, für ein Empfangssignal an Tor T1 ein Summendiagramm zu erzeugen, während ein an Tor T2 ausgekoppeltes Signal nicht einem Differenzdiagramm entspricht. Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten bekannten Anordnung werden hingegen Summen-/Differenzdiagramme erzeugt.Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention phased antenna. In contrast to Fig. 1, where one half of the Transmitting / receiving radiator elements completely connected to a divider network TN1, TN2 3, there is a type in the arrangement according to the invention according to FIG alternating connection. In the case of consecutively numbered transmit / receive radiator elements all odd-numbered transmit / receive radiator elements coupled to a divider network, for example TN1 and all even numbers to the other, here TN2. Through this interlocking coupling it is possible to generate a summation diagram for a receive signal at gate T1, while a signal coupled out at gate T2 does not correspond to a difference diagram. In contrast, in the known arrangement shown in FIG. 1 Sum / difference diagrams generated.

Ein Umschalten zwischen Sende- und Empfangsfall erfolgt durch Umstellen der Phasensteller PHN in einem der beiden Hälften des Phasensteller-Netzwerks um 180°. Für derartige Phasenumschaltvorgänge ist eine Vielzahl derzeit üblicher Phasensteller geeignet, beispielsweise Verzögerungsleitungen. Dabei ist zwischen den Toren T1, T2 eine erwünscht hohe Entkopplung, beispielsweise größer 20 dB, herstellbar, wenn der Koppler KO (Hybrid) bei reflexionsfreien Abschluß eine entsprechend hohe Entkopplung besitzt und außerdem darauf geachtet wird, dass die Anordnung bezüglich der geführten Wellen symmetrisch aufgebaut ist und außerdem möglichst geringe Reflektionsfaktoren besitzt.Switching between transmission and reception occurs by changing the phase adjuster PHN in one of the two halves of the phaser network by 180 °. A large number of current phase adjusters are currently used for such phase switching processes suitable, for example delay lines. It is between the gates T1, T2 a desired high decoupling, for example greater than 20 dB, can be produced, if the coupler KO (hybrid) with a reflection-free termination a correspondingly high one Has decoupling and it is also ensured that the arrangement with respect of the guided waves is symmetrical and also as small as possible Has reflection factors.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung kann im Sendefall folgendermaßen angewendet werden. Ein Sendesignal wird als fortlaufende Welle beispielsweise in das Tor 1 eingekoppelt, so werden an den Ein-/Auskoppelschlitzen S1 bis Sn Anteile ausgekoppelt und über die Verbindungswellenleiter VW1 bis VWn sowie die Phasensteller an die Sende/Empfangsstrahlerelemente geleitet. Mittels der Phasensteller ist dann in bekannter Weise eine Schwenkung der Sendekeule (Sendecharakteristik) möglich.The arrangement according to the invention can be used as follows in the case of transmission become. A transmission signal is coupled into the gate 1 as a continuous wave, for example, in this way, portions are coupled out at the coupling-in / coupling-out slots S1 to Sn and via the connecting waveguides VW1 to VWn and the phase adjuster to the Transmitted / received radiator elements. By means of the phase adjuster is then known A pivoting of the transmission lobe (transmission characteristic) possible.

Im Empfangsfall wird nun das von den Sende/Empfangsstrahlerelemente empfangene Signal, beispielsweise die zu dem Sendesignal gehörenden Echosignale, über die Phasensteller des Phasen-Netzwerkes sowie die Verbindungswellenleiter VW1 bis VWn in den Wellenleiter WE geleitet. Es ist nun möglich, die Phasensteller in diesem Empfangsfall derart einzustellen, daß das in dem Wellenleiter WE entstehende Empfangssignal an dem zweiten Tor T2 auskoppelbar ist. An dem ersten Tor T1 entsteht allenfalls ein vernachlässigbarer (Reflexions-)Anteil. Das an dem zweiten Tor T2 entstandene Empfangssignal wird dann in an sich bekannter Weise, beispielsweise über Hohlleiter, an einen (Radar-)Empfänger geleitet und dort ausgewertet. In the case of reception, the one received by the transmitting / receiving radiator elements is now Signal, for example the echo signals belonging to the transmission signal, via the Phase controller of the phase network and the connecting waveguide VW1 to VWn directed into the waveguide WE. It is now possible to use the phaser in this Set the reception case in such a way that the resulting in the waveguide WE Received signal can be coupled out at the second gate T2. At the first gate T1 arises at most a negligible (reflection) part. That at the second gate T2 received signal is then generated in a manner known per se, for example via waveguide, directed to a (radar) receiver and evaluated there.

Der beschriebene Sende-/Empfangs-Umschaltvorgang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung erfolgt allein durch eine Verstellung der Phasensteller um Werte, die von der Phasenprogression der Serien-Speiseleitung und dem einzustellenden Elevations-Schwenkwinkel der Strahlcharakteristik abhängen; die entsprechende Berechnung ist dem Fachmann geläufig.The described transmission / reception switching process with the invention The arrangement is carried out solely by adjusting the phase adjuster by values that the phase progression of the series feed line and the elevation swivel angle to be set depend on the beam characteristics; the corresponding calculation is familiar to the expert.

Der Koppler KO ist vorteilhaft als 3 dB-Hybrid, beispielsweise als sogenanntes "magisches T" oder als 3 dB-Richtkoppler ausgebildet.The coupler KO is advantageous as a 3 dB hybrid, for example as a so-called "magic" T "or designed as a 3 dB directional coupler.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung ist vorteilhaft mit einer Vielzahl von Wellenleitern, beispielsweise in sogenannter Stripline- oder Mikrostrip- oder Koaxial-Technologie herstellbar.The arrangement according to the invention is advantageous with a large number of waveguides, for example in so-called stripline or microstrip or coaxial technology produced.

Claims (6)

Anordnung einer phasengesteuerten Antenne, zumindest bestehend aus mehreren zeilen- und spaltenförmig angeordneten Sende-/Empfangs-Strahlerelementen, einem Verteiler- und Phasensteller-Netzwerk zur Erzeugung vorgebbarer Sende-/Empfangscharakteristiken der von den Sende-/Empfangs-Strahlerelementen ausgesandten und/oder empfangenen Signale, eine Serien-Speiseleitung bestehend aus einem Wellenleiter (WE), welcher in seiner Längsrichtung in vorgebbaren, äquidistanten Abständen eine vorgebbaren Anzahl von Eln-/Auskoppelstellen (S1 bis Sn) zur Ein-/Auskopplung der in dem Wellenleiter (WE) führbaren Wellen umfaßt, ein Verbindungswellenleiter (VW1 bis VWn) welcher zur Verbindung des
Wellenleiters (WE) mit dem Verteiler- und Phasensteller-Netzwerk (PHN) an jeden der Ein-/Auskoppelstellen (S1 bis Sn) angekoppelt, einer Anordnung zur wahlweisen Signallieferung über das Verteiler- und
Phasensteller-Netzwerk (PHN) an eine Sende- und/oder Empfangsanordnung sowie mindestens zwei Teilnetzwerke (TN1, TN2), welche jeweils einen Wellenleiter (WE) enthalten, der einen Anschluß (EA1, EA2) besitzt zur Ankopplung der Teilnetzwerke (TN1, TN2) an Tore eines Kopplers (KO), wobei der Koppler (KO) zwei weitere Tore (T1, T2) besitzt, wobei an das eine Tor (T1, T2) die Sendeanordnung und an das zweite Tor (T2, T1) die Empfangsanordnung angekoppelt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in der zeilen- und spaltenförmigen Anordnung der phasengesteuerten Antenne fortlaufend numerierten Sende-/Empfangs-Strahlerelemente alternierend an die mindestens zwei Teilnetzwerke (TN1, TN2) angeschlossen sind, wobei die geradzahlig numerierten Sende-/Empfangs-Strahlerelemente an das eine Teilnetzwerk (TN1, TN2) und die ungeradzahlig numerierten Sende-/Empfangs-Strahlerelemente an das andere Teilnetzwerk (TN2, TN1) angeschlossen sind. Arrangement of a phase-controlled antenna, at least consisting of several transmit and receive radiator elements arranged in rows and columns, a distributor and phase adjuster network for generating predeterminable transmission / reception characteristics of the signals transmitted and / or received by the transmission / reception radiator elements, a series feed line consisting of a waveguide (WE) which, in its longitudinal direction, at predeterminable, equidistant intervals, comprises a predefinable number of coupling / decoupling points (S1 to Sn) for coupling / decoupling the waves that can be guided in the waveguide (WE), a connecting waveguide (VW1 to VWn) which is used to connect the
Waveguide (WE) coupled to the distribution and phasing network (PHN) at each of the coupling / decoupling points (S1 to Sn), an arrangement for optional signal delivery via the distribution and
Phaser network (PHN) to a transmitting and / or receiving arrangement as well at least two sub-networks (TN1, TN2), each containing a waveguide (WE), which has a connection (EA1, EA2) for coupling the sub-networks (TN1, TN2) to gates of a coupler (KO), the coupler (KO) has two further gates (T1, T2), the transmission arrangement being coupled to one gate (T1, T2) and the reception arrangement to the second gate (T2, T1), characterized in that the arrangement of the rows and columns in the phase-controlled antenna consecutively numbered transmit / receive radiator elements are alternately connected to the at least two sub-networks (TN1, TN2), the even-numbered transmit / receive radiator elements being connected to one sub-network (TN1, TN2) and the odd-numbered transmit / receive elements Receiving radiator elements are connected to the other subnetwork (TN2, TN1). Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Koppler (KO) als magisches T ausgebildet ist.Antenna arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupler (KO) is designed as a magic T. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Koppler (KO) als 3db-Koppler ausgebildet ist.Antenna arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the coupler (KO) is designed as a 3db coupler. Antennenanordnung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest der in einer Serienspeisung enthaltende Wellenleiter (WE) ein Hohlleiter ist und dass die Ein-/Auskoppelstellen als Ein-/Auskoppelschlitze ausgebildet sind.Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the waveguide (WE) contained in a series feed is a waveguide and that the coupling / decoupling points are designed as coupling / decoupling slots. Antennenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest der in einer Serienspeisung enthaltene Wellenleiter (WE) sowie die Ein-/Auskoppelschlitze in Streifenleitungstechnik hergestellt sind.Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the waveguide (WE) contained in a series feed and the coupling / decoupling slots are produced using stripline technology. Antennenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Verwendung im Radarfrequenzbereich.Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims for use in the radar frequency range.
EP03003905A 1996-09-11 1997-09-06 System for a phased array antenna Withdrawn EP1329984A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19636850A DE19636850A1 (en) 1996-09-11 1996-09-11 Phase controlled antenna
DE19636850 1996-09-11
EP97115436A EP0829922B1 (en) 1996-09-11 1997-09-06 Phase controlled antenna

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EP03003905A Withdrawn EP1329984A1 (en) 1996-09-11 1997-09-06 System for a phased array antenna

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DE59711043D1 (en) 2004-01-08
US6037910A (en) 2000-03-14
EP0829922A2 (en) 1998-03-18
EP0829922A3 (en) 2000-03-08
EP0829922B1 (en) 2003-11-26
DE19636850A1 (en) 1998-03-12

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