EP1328787A1 - Method for performing chemical and isotopic analysis and measurements on constituents transported by a bore fluid - Google Patents

Method for performing chemical and isotopic analysis and measurements on constituents transported by a bore fluid

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Publication number
EP1328787A1
EP1328787A1 EP01976348A EP01976348A EP1328787A1 EP 1328787 A1 EP1328787 A1 EP 1328787A1 EP 01976348 A EP01976348 A EP 01976348A EP 01976348 A EP01976348 A EP 01976348A EP 1328787 A1 EP1328787 A1 EP 1328787A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
constituents
drilling
measurements
ratio
isotopic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01976348A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Annie Audibert
Alain Prinzhofer
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Publication of EP1328787A1 publication Critical patent/EP1328787A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/02—Details
    • H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2823—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of chemical and isotopic analysis of the carbons of the liquid or gaseous constituents contained in a drilling fluid.
  • constituents we mean here hydrocarbons, for example from C1 to C8 including benzene, toluene, xylene, or gases such as C02.
  • These constituents come from the drilling operation through layers of soil, an operation which has the effect of breaking the rock by releasing the gases or fluids contained in the rock pores.
  • the drilling is done conventionally with a circulation of a fluid, called drilling, which has, among other things, the function of cleaning the drilling tool and raising rock debris to the surface of the ground.
  • the constituents in question therefore also rise by entrainment towards the surface by means of this vector. It is clear that, taking into account the flow rate of drilling fluid compared to the rate of destruction of the rock, the volume quantity of said constituents is always relatively low compared to the volume of mud.
  • Installations are known which make it possible to carry out qualitative and quantitative measurements on gas C1-C5 contained in a drilling fluid, measurements (or instantaneous logs) which make it possible to identify the geological zones drilled for reasons of exploration, of security drilling and or personnel.
  • the document FR-2646508 describes a process and an apparatus for continuously taking gaseous samples contained in a liquid loaded with solids, in particular a drilling fluid.
  • French application FR-99/12032 of the applicant describes the conditions necessary for the extraction of gaseous or liquid constituents contained in a drilling fluid, for transporting these constituents in a gaseous form, and for carrying out analyzes and measurements on these constituents.
  • the constituents must not condense in the elements of the system and the transit time of these constituents between the extraction point and the point measurement must be acceptable to allow monitoring of the drilling operation.
  • Document SU-483645 describes the taking of a sample of liquid in the borehole to obtain the geochemical content of carbon isotopes and sulfur in the zone around the well. A comparison is then made between the composition of the filtrate of the drilling fluid invading the formation and the composition of the fluids saturating the formation, following the criterion of isotopic composition of methane. The samples are taken to the right of the layers studied so as to study their degree of saturation.
  • the invention therefore relates both to the coupling between a GC-C-IRMS and a system for extracting hydrocarbons from drilling fluids, and the adaptation of this type of measuring device to working conditions.
  • the fragile capillaries generally used in the laboratory must be replaced by protected catheters, and where the electronics must be moved to a protected room far from the drilling site.
  • the continuous use of the isotopic signal to guide a borehole can only be done with this invention, the measurement of samples taken and then analyzed in a laboratory can only provide a posteriori information, and whose usefulness does not appears only for the subsequent production phases, while continuous analysis during drilling allows in real time to better guide the continuation of said drilling.
  • the present invention consists in analyzing the drilling mud so as to obtain continuous data during drilling without additional intervention at the level of the well, in particular sampling by downhole samplers of the RFT type.
  • the present invention relates to a method of analysis and measurement on constituents entrained by a well fluid during drilling operation, in which the following steps are carried out:
  • the nature and / or the quantity of the constituents can be determined by gas chromatography.
  • the invention also relates to an analysis and measurement device on components entrained by a well fluid during drilling operation.
  • This device comprises the coupling of a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer adapted to determine the 13 C / 12 C ratio of the isotopes of carbon contained in said constituents.
  • the accuracy of isotopic measurements is better than 1/1000.
  • the isotopic signal measured during drilling can make it possible to better determine these permeability barriers, because they generally correspond to isotopic heterogeneities.
  • the placement in the casings of the wells of the perforations for production tests or for the actual production can then be directly controlled by the results of these measurements; the proximity of a body of water in an oil reservoir increases the risk of biodegradation of the accumulated hydrocarbons, thereby increasing the viscosity of the fluid which then becomes more difficult to produce.
  • the implementation of the present invention can be done using the system described in patent application FR-99/12032, cited here with reference.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for analysing and measuring constituents carried by a bore hole fluid during a drilling operation, comprising the following steps which consist in: sampling the bore fluid, extracting the constituents in vapour form, transporting said constituents to a mass spectrograph, measuring the 13C/12C ratio of the carbon isotopes contained in the constituents.

Description

METHODE D'ANALYSE ET DE MESURES CHIMIQUE ET ISOTOPIQUE SUR DES CONSTITUANTS TRANSPORTES PAR UN FLUIDE DE FORAGEMETHOD OF CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT ON COMPONENTS TRANSPORTED BY A DRILLING FLUID
La présente invention concerne une méthode d 'analyse chimique et isotopique des carbones des constituants liquides ou gazeux contenus dans un fluide de forage. Par constituants, on désigne ici des hydrocarbures, par exemple de Cl à C8 incluant benzène, toluène, xylène, ou des gaz tels que C02. Ces constituants proviennent de l'opération de forage à travers des couches de terrain, opération qui a pour effet de briser la roche en libérant les gaz ou les fluides contenus dans les pores de roche. Le forage se fait conventionnellement avec une circulation d'un fluide, dit de forage, qui a, entre autres, pour fonction de nettoyer l'outil de forage et de remonter les débris de roche à la surface du sol. Les constituants en question remontent donc également par entraînement vers la surface par l'intermédiaire de ce vecteur. Il est clair que, compte tenu du débit de fluide de forage comparé à la vitesse de destruction de la roche, la quantité volumique desdits constituants est toujours relativement faible comparée au volume de boue.The present invention relates to a method of chemical and isotopic analysis of the carbons of the liquid or gaseous constituents contained in a drilling fluid. By constituents, we mean here hydrocarbons, for example from C1 to C8 including benzene, toluene, xylene, or gases such as C02. These constituents come from the drilling operation through layers of soil, an operation which has the effect of breaking the rock by releasing the gases or fluids contained in the rock pores. The drilling is done conventionally with a circulation of a fluid, called drilling, which has, among other things, the function of cleaning the drilling tool and raising rock debris to the surface of the ground. The constituents in question therefore also rise by entrainment towards the surface by means of this vector. It is clear that, taking into account the flow rate of drilling fluid compared to the rate of destruction of the rock, the volume quantity of said constituents is always relatively low compared to the volume of mud.
On connaît des installations permettant d'effectuer des mesures qualitatives et quantitatives sur du gaz C1-C5 contenu dans un fluide de forage, mesures (ou diagraphies instantanées) qui permettent d'identifier les zones géologiques forées pour des raisons d'exploration, de sécurité du forage et ou du personnel. Le document FR-2646508 décrit un procédé et un appareil pour prélever en continu des échantillons gazeux contenus dans un liquide chargé de solides, notamment un fluide de forage.Installations are known which make it possible to carry out qualitative and quantitative measurements on gas C1-C5 contained in a drilling fluid, measurements (or instantaneous logs) which make it possible to identify the geological zones drilled for reasons of exploration, of security drilling and or personnel. The document FR-2646508 describes a process and an apparatus for continuously taking gaseous samples contained in a liquid loaded with solids, in particular a drilling fluid.
Plus récemment, la demande française FR-99/12032 de la demanderesse décrit les conditions nécessaires pour l'extraction de constituants gazeux ou liquides contenus dans un fluide de forage, pour transporter ces constituants sous une forme gazeuse, et pour effectuer des analyses et des mesures sur ces constituants. Pour effectuer des analyses correctes, permettant de mieux déterminer la nature et la composition des terrains traversés par un forage, les constituants ne doivent pas condenser dans les éléments du système et le temps de transit de ces constituants entre le point d'extraction et le point de mesure doit être acceptable pour permettre une surveillance de l'opération de forage.More recently, French application FR-99/12032 of the applicant describes the conditions necessary for the extraction of gaseous or liquid constituents contained in a drilling fluid, for transporting these constituents in a gaseous form, and for carrying out analyzes and measurements on these constituents. To carry out correct analyzes, making it possible to better determine the nature and the composition of the grounds crossed by a borehole, the constituents must not condense in the elements of the system and the transit time of these constituents between the extraction point and the point measurement must be acceptable to allow monitoring of the drilling operation.
On connaît le document SU-483645 qui décrit le prélèvement d'un échantillon de liquide dans le sondage pour obtenir la teneur géochimique en isotopes du carbone et en soufre dans la zone aux abords du puits. Une comparaison est alors faite entre la composition du filtrat du fluide de forage envahissant la formation et la composition des fluides saturant la formation, en suivant le critère de composition isotopique du méthane. Les prélèvements sont menés au droit des couches étudiées de manière à étudier leur degré de saturation.Document SU-483645 is known which describes the taking of a sample of liquid in the borehole to obtain the geochemical content of carbon isotopes and sulfur in the zone around the well. A comparison is then made between the composition of the filtrate of the drilling fluid invading the formation and the composition of the fluids saturating the formation, following the criterion of isotopic composition of methane. The samples are taken to the right of the layers studied so as to study their degree of saturation.
Plusieurs documents proposent de déterminer l'évolution de la composition des réservoirs à partir des puits par injection de molécules traceurs (US-5892147) ou à partir des sédiments (US-5388456). Si l'extraction de la fraction légère des hydrocarbures (C1-C8) à partir de boue est aujourd'hui au point sur les plates-formes de forage, en revanche, aucun appareil de mesure isotopique n'est utilisable sur une plate-forme de forage, en particulier les systèmes de couplage d'un chromatographe gazeux avec un spectromètre de masse isotopique par l'intermédiaire d'un four de combustion transformant chaque hydrocarbure en dioxyde de carbone (GC-C-IRMS), ce type d'appareil étant conçu et dessiné aujourd'hui pour une utilisation dans un laboratoire sécurisé et climatisé (inventions de Crandall, Scalan et Hayes). L'invention concerne donc à la fois le couplage entre un GC-C- IRMS et un système d'extraction d'hydrocarbures à partir de fluides de forage, et l'adaptation de ce type d'appareil de mesure à des conditions de travail de terrain, où les capillaires fragiles généralement utilisés au laboratoire doivent être remplacés par des cathéters protégés, et où l'électronique doit être déplacée vers un local protégé éloigné du site de forage.Several documents propose to determine the evolution of the composition of the reservoirs from the wells by injection of tracer molecules (US-5892147) or from the sediments (US-5388456). If the extraction of the light fraction of hydrocarbons (C1-C8) from mud is now developed on drilling platforms, on the other hand, no isotopic measuring device can be used on a platform drilling, in particular the coupling systems of a gas chromatograph with an isotopic mass spectrometer via a combustion furnace transforming each hydrocarbon into carbon dioxide (GC-C-IRMS), this type of device being designed and designed today for use in a secure and air-conditioned laboratory (inventions of Crandall, Scalan and Hayes). The invention therefore relates both to the coupling between a GC-C-IRMS and a system for extracting hydrocarbons from drilling fluids, and the adaptation of this type of measuring device to working conditions. in the field, where the fragile capillaries generally used in the laboratory must be replaced by protected catheters, and where the electronics must be moved to a protected room far from the drilling site.
L'utilisation en continu du signal isotopique pour guider un forage ne peut se faire qu'avec cette invention, la mesure d'échantillons prélevés puis analysés dans un laboratoire ne pouvant qu'apporter des informations a posteriori, et dont l'utilité n'apparaît que pour les phases de production ultérieures, tandis que l'analyse en continu au cours du forage permet en temps réel de mieux guider la suite dudit forage.The continuous use of the isotopic signal to guide a borehole can only be done with this invention, the measurement of samples taken and then analyzed in a laboratory can only provide a posteriori information, and whose usefulness does not appears only for the subsequent production phases, while continuous analysis during drilling allows in real time to better guide the continuation of said drilling.
L'invention présente consiste à analyser la boue de forage de façon à obtenir des données en continu lors du forage sans intervention supplémentaire au niveau du puits, notamment prélèvement par des échantillonneurs de fond de puits de type RFT. La présente invention concerne une méthode d'analyse et de mesure sur des constituants entraînés par un fluide de puits au cours d'opération de forage, dans laquelle on effectue les étapes suivantes :The present invention consists in analyzing the drilling mud so as to obtain continuous data during drilling without additional intervention at the level of the well, in particular sampling by downhole samplers of the RFT type. The present invention relates to a method of analysis and measurement on constituents entrained by a well fluid during drilling operation, in which the following steps are carried out:
- on prélève un volume d'échantillon de fluide de forage, - on extrait les constituants sous forme vapeur,- a volume of drilling fluid sample is taken, - the constituents are extracted in vapor form,
- on transporte ces constituants vers un spectrographe de masse,- these constituents are transported to a mass spectrograph,
- on détermine le rapport 13C/12C des isotopes du carbone contenu dans lesdits constituants.- The 13 C / 12 C ratio of the carbon isotopes contained in the said constituents is determined.
Dans la méthode, on peut déterminer la nature et/ou la quantité des constituants par chromatographie en phase gazeuse.In the method, the nature and / or the quantity of the constituents can be determined by gas chromatography.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'analyse et de mesure sur des constituants entraînés par un fluide de puits au cours d'opération de forage. Ce dispositif comporte le couplage d'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse et d'un spectromètre de masse adapté à déterminer le rapport 13C/12C des isotopes du carbone contenu dans lesdits constituants.The invention also relates to an analysis and measurement device on components entrained by a well fluid during drilling operation. This device comprises the coupling of a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer adapted to determine the 13 C / 12 C ratio of the isotopes of carbon contained in said constituents.
La précision des mesures isotopiques est meilleure que 1/1000.The accuracy of isotopic measurements is better than 1/1000.
A l'aide de la méthode et du dispositif selon l'invention, on peut effectuer un suivi du forage à partir de l'enregistrement, continu ou discontinu, du rapport 13C/12C. En corrélant les mesures de ce rapport avec d'autres mesures du type « mud logging » on peut obtenir une plus grande précision sur les milieux traversés, ainsi que leurs constituants.Using the method and the device according to the invention, it is possible to monitor the drilling from the recording, continuous or discontinuous, of the ratio 13 C / 12 C. By correlating the measurements of this ratio with d Other measurements of the “mud logging” type can give greater precision on the media crossed, as well as their constituents.
L'information obtenue à partir d'analyses chimiques sur des gaz hydrocarbures a montré son intérêt dans le domaine de l'exploration du pétrole et du gaz. Au cours des forages, l'information chimique (natures, quantités de gaz hydrocarbures et proportions entre hydrocarbures) donne un guide puissant pour le contrôle de la localisation du forage, en particulier dans le cas des forages horizontaux, où il est ainsi possible de distinguer très rapidement la proximité des niveaux de roches couvertures, les niveaux phréatiques, ou les niveaux potentiellement producteurs.The information obtained from chemical analyzes on hydrocarbon gases has shown its interest in the field of oil and gas exploration. During drilling, chemical information (types, quantities of hydrocarbon gases and proportions between hydrocarbons) gives a powerful guide for controlling the location of the drilling, in particular in the case of horizontal drilling, where it is thus possible to very quickly distinguish the proximity of the cover rock levels, the phreatic levels, or the potentially producing levels.
La combinaison de ces mesures chimiques avec les mesures de l'isotopie du carbone de chaque composé hydrocarbure apporte de nouvelles informations pertinentes au cours du forage : le signal chimique du gaz (quantités de C1-C5 dans les déblais de forage ou « cuttings ») pouvant être fortement perturbé par la génération de gaz d'origine bactérienne. La combinaison des mesures chimique et isotopique permet de s'affranchir de ce bruit bactérien en permettant l'identification des origines. On peut ainsi déduire une quantité de gaz thermogénique associé à des réservoirs profonds de manière plus sensible et plus fiable. Ce signal, ainsi déconvolué, peut permettre en cours de forage d'estimer la plus ou moins grande proximité d'un réservoir rempli d'hydrocarbures ; un réservoir pétrolier est généralement traversé par des barrières de perméabilité séparant des blocs que l'on doit exploiter spécifiquement. Le signal isotopique mesuré en cours de forage peut permettre de mieux déterminer ces barrières de perméabilité, car elles correspondent généralement à des hétérogénéités isotopiques. L'implantation dans les tubages des puits des perforations pour des tests de production ou pour la production proprement dite peut alors être directement contrôlée par les résultats de ces mesures ; la proximité d'un plan d'eau dans un réservoir pétrolier accentue le risque de biodégradation des hydrocarbures accumulés, augmentant du même coup la viscosité du fluide qui devient alors plus difficile à produire. Le plan d'eau pouvant solubiliser une part des hydrocarbures gazeux (méthane et éthane principalement), et cette solubilisation dynamique s'accompagnant d'un fractionnement chimique et isotopique, la mesure en continu du signal isotopique doit permettre de discerner l'approche du plan d'eau et du contact hydrocarbures/eau par le forage, alors que la seule mesure chimique ne montre un changement qu'après la traversée effective du contact hydrocarbures/eau par le forage. La mise en œuvre de la présente invention peut se faire à l'aide du système décrit dans la demande de brevet FR-99/12032, citée ici en référence. The combination of these chemical measurements with the measurements of the carbon isotopy of each hydrocarbon compound provides new relevant information during drilling: the chemical signal of the gas (quantities of C1-C5 in drill cuttings or "cuttings") can be greatly disturbed by the generation of gas of bacterial origin. The combination of chemical and isotopic measurements overcomes this bacterial noise by allowing the identification of origins. It is thus possible to deduce a quantity of thermogenic gas associated with deep reservoirs in a more sensitive and more reliable manner. This signal, thus devolved, can allow during drilling to estimate the greater or lesser proximity of a tank filled with hydrocarbons; a petroleum reservoir is generally crossed by permeability barriers separating blocks which must be exploited specifically. The isotopic signal measured during drilling can make it possible to better determine these permeability barriers, because they generally correspond to isotopic heterogeneities. The placement in the casings of the wells of the perforations for production tests or for the actual production can then be directly controlled by the results of these measurements; the proximity of a body of water in an oil reservoir increases the risk of biodegradation of the accumulated hydrocarbons, thereby increasing the viscosity of the fluid which then becomes more difficult to produce. The body of water that can dissolve part of the gaseous hydrocarbons (mainly methane and ethane), and this dynamic solubilization accompanied by chemical and isotopic fractionation, the continuous measurement of the isotopic signal must make it possible to discern the approach to the water level and the hydrocarbon / water contact by drilling, while the only chemical measurement does not show a change only after the effective crossing of the oil / water contact by drilling. The implementation of the present invention can be done using the system described in patent application FR-99/12032, cited here with reference.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Méthode d'analyse et de mesure sur des constituants entraînés par un fluide de puits au cours d'opération de forage, caractérisée en ce que l'on effectue les étapes suivantes :1) Method of analysis and measurement on constituents entrained by a well fluid during drilling operation, characterized in that the following steps are carried out:
- on prélève un volume d'échantillon de fluide de forage,- a sample volume of drilling fluid is taken,
- on extrait lesdits constituants sous forme vapeur, - on transporte ces constituants vers un spectrographe de masse,- said constituents are extracted in vapor form, - these constituents are transported to a mass spectrograph,
- on détermine le rapport 13C/12C des isotopes du carbone contenu dans lesdits constituants.- The 13 C / 12 C ratio of the carbon isotopes contained in the said constituents is determined.
2) Méthode selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle on détermine la nature et/ou la quantité desdits constituants par chromatographie en phase gazeuse.2) Method according to claim 1, wherein the nature and / or the quantity of said constituents is determined by gas chromatography.
3) Méthode selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle on effectue un suivi du forage à partir de l'enregistrement dudit rapport 13C/12C.3) Method according to one of the preceding claims in which a drilling is carried out from the recording of said 13 C / 12 C ratio.
4) Dispositif d'analyse et de mesure sur des constituants entraînés par un fluide de puits au cours d'opération de forage, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte le couplage d'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse et d'un spectromètre de masse adapté à déterminer le rapport 13C/12C des isotopes du carbone contenu dans lesdits constituants. 4) Analysis and measurement device on constituents entrained by a well fluid during drilling operation, characterized in that it comprises the coupling of a gas chromatograph and a suitable mass spectrometer determining the 13 C / 12 C ratio of the isotopes of carbon contained in said constituents.
EP01976348A 2000-10-10 2001-10-02 Method for performing chemical and isotopic analysis and measurements on constituents transported by a bore fluid Withdrawn EP1328787A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0013037A FR2815074B1 (en) 2000-10-10 2000-10-10 METHOD OF CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT ON COMPONENTS TRANSPORTED BY A DRILLING FLUID
FR0013037 2000-10-10
PCT/FR2001/003033 WO2002031466A1 (en) 2000-10-10 2001-10-02 Method for performing chemical and isotopic analysis and measurements on constituents transported by a bore fluid

Publications (1)

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EP1328787A1 true EP1328787A1 (en) 2003-07-23

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US (1) US20040014223A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1328787A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001295649A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2815074B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002031466A1 (en)

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