EP1328640A2 - Polypeptides and polynucleotides from haemophilus influenzae and their use - Google Patents

Polypeptides and polynucleotides from haemophilus influenzae and their use

Info

Publication number
EP1328640A2
EP1328640A2 EP01988726A EP01988726A EP1328640A2 EP 1328640 A2 EP1328640 A2 EP 1328640A2 EP 01988726 A EP01988726 A EP 01988726A EP 01988726 A EP01988726 A EP 01988726A EP 1328640 A2 EP1328640 A2 EP 1328640A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polypeptide
ofthe
sequence
polynucleotide
basb204
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01988726A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joelle Thonnard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA
Original Assignee
GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA filed Critical GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA
Publication of EP1328640A2 publication Critical patent/EP1328640A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
    • C07K14/285—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Pasteurellaceae (F), e.g. Haemophilus influenza
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies

Definitions

  • BASB204 polynucleotide(s) polynucleotides
  • BASB204 polypeptide(s) polypeptides encoded by them
  • recombinant materials and methods for their production referred to herein as “BASB204” or “BASB204 polypeptide(s)”
  • the invention relates to methods for using such polypeptides and polynucleotides, including vaccines against bacterial infections.
  • the invention relates to diagnostic assays for detecting infection of certain pathogens.
  • Haemophilus influenzae is a non-motile Gram negative bacterium. Man is its only natural host.
  • H. influenzae isolates are usually classified according to their polysaccharide capsule. Six different capsular types designated a through f have been identified. Isolates that fail to agglutinate with antisera raised against one of these six serotypes are classified as non typeable, and do not express a capsule.
  • H. influenzae type b is clearly different from the other types in that it is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and systemic diseases.
  • Non typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) are only occasionally isolated from the blood of patients with systemic disease.
  • NTHi is a common cause of pneumonia, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media.
  • Otitis media is an important childhood disease both by the number of cases and its potential sequelae. More than 3.5 millions cases are recorded every year in the United States, and it is estimated that 80 % of children have experienced at least one episode of otitis before reaching the age of 3 (1). Left untreated, or becoming chronic, this disease may lead to hearing loss that can be temporary (in the case of fluid accumulation in the middle ear) or permanent (if the auditive nerve is damaged). In infants, such hearing losses may be responsible for delayed speech learning.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae Three bacterial species are primarily isolated from the middle ear of children with otitis media: Streptococcus pneumoniae, NTHi and M. catarrhalis. These are present in 60 to 90 % of cases. A review of recent studies shows that S. pneumoniae and NTHi each represent about 30 %, and catarrhalis about 15 % of otitis media cases (2). Other bacteria can be isolated from the middle ear (H. influenzae type B, S. pyogenes, ...) but at a much lower frequency (2 % ofthe cases or less).
  • Epidemiological data indicate that, for the pathogens found in the middle ear, the colonization ofthe upper respiratory tract is an absolute prerequisite for the development of an otitis; other factors are however also required to lead to the disease (3-9). These are important to trigger the migration ofthe bacteria into the middle ear via the Eustachian tubes, followed by the initiation of an inflammatory process. These other factors are unknown todate. It has been postulated that a transient anomaly of the immune system following a viral infection, for example, could cause an inability to control the colonization ofthe respiratory tract (5). An alternative explanation is that the exposure to environmental factors allows a more important colonization of some children, who subsequently become susceptible to the development of otitis media because ofthe sustained presence of middle ear pathogens (2).
  • H. influenzae Various proteins of H. influenzae have been shown to be involved in pathogenesis or have been shown to confer protection upon vaccination in animal models.
  • NT ⁇ i Adherence of NT ⁇ i to human nasopharygeal epithelial cells has been reported (10). Apart from fimbriae and pili (11-15), many adhesins have been identified in NT ⁇ i. Among them, two surface exposed high-molecular- weight proteins designated ⁇ MW1 and ⁇ MW2 have been shown to mediate adhesion of NTHi to epithelial cells (16). Another family of high molecular weight proteins has been identified in NTHi strains that lack proteins belonging to HMW1/HMW2 family. The NTHi 115 kDa Hia protein (17) is highly similar to the Hsf adhesin expressed by H influenzae type b strains (18). Another protein, the Hap protein shows similarity to IgAl serine proteases and has been shown to be involved in both adhesion and cell entry (19).
  • OMP outer membrane proteins
  • P6 is a conserved peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein making up 1-5 % ofthe outer membrane (25). Later a lipoprotein of about the same mol. wt. was recognized, called PCP (P6 crossreactive protein) (26). A mixture ofthe conserved lipoproteins P4, P6 and PCP did not reveal protection as measured in a chinchilla otitis-media model (27). P6 alone appears to induce protection in the chinchilla model (28).
  • P5 has sequence homology to the integral Escherichia coli OmpA (29-30). P5 appears to undergo antigenic drift during persistent infections with NTHi (31).
  • NTHi expresses a dual human transferrin receptor composed of TbpA and TbpB when grown under iron limitation. Anti-TbpB protected infant rats. (32). Hemoglobin / haptoglobin receptors have also been described for NTHi (33). A receptor for Haem: Hemopexin has also been identified (34). A lactoferrin receptor is also present in NTHi, but is not yet characterized (35).
  • a 80kDa OMP the D15 surface antigen, provides protection against NTHi in a mouse challenge model. (36).
  • a 42kDa outer membrane lipoprotein,LPD is conserved amongst Haemophilus influenzae and induces bactericidal antibodies (37).
  • a minor 98kDa OMP (38) was found to be a protective antigen, this OMP may very well be one ofthe Fe-limitation inducible OMPs or high molecular weight adhesins that have been characterized.
  • H. influenzae produces IgAl -protease activity (39).
  • IgAl- proteases of NT ⁇ i reveals a high degree of antigenic variability (40).
  • NT ⁇ i a 26-kDa protein
  • OMP26 a 26-kDa protein
  • the NT ⁇ i ⁇ trA protein has also been shown to be a protective antigen. Indeed, this protein protected Chinchilla against otitis media and protected infant rats against H. influenzae type b bacteremia (42)
  • NTHi infections The frequency of NTHi infections has risen dramatically in the past few decades. This phenomenon has created an unmet medical need for new anti-microbial agents, vaccines, drug screening methods and diagnostic tests for this organism.
  • the present invention aims to meet that need.
  • the present invention relates to BASB204, in particular BASB204 polypeptides and BASB204 polynucleotides, recombinant materials and methods for their production.
  • the invention relates to methods for using such polypeptides and polynucleotides, including prevention and treatment of microbial diseases, amongst others.
  • the invention relates to diagnostic assays for detecting diseases associated with microbial infections and conditions associated with such infections, such as assays for detecting expression or activity of BASB204 polynucleotides or polypeptides.
  • the invention relates to BASB204 polypeptides and polynucleotides as described in greater detail below.
  • the invention relates to polypeptides and polynucleotides of BASB204 of non typeable H. influenzae, which is related by amino acid sequence homology to Shigella flexneri outer membrane protein VirG protein.
  • the BASB204 polypeptide has some characteristics of an autotransporter protein. It could thus be exposed at the surface ofthe bacterium and be involved in virulence, as other autotransporter proteins (I. R. Henderson and J. P. Nataro, 2001, Infection and Immunity, Mar; 1231-1243).
  • BASB204 is a phase variable gene. A tandem repeats of AAGC is located after the start codon.
  • the gene is out-of-frame or in-frame depending on the number of repeats. Phase variation is a well identified phenomenon which occurs in some bacterial genes ( Peak I.R. et al, 1996, FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 137: 109). By this phenomenon, expression of a gene may be regulated by the gain or loss of a number of repeats of a motif of one or several nucleotides; depending on the number of repeats, the translation ofthe polynucleotide can produce a full length polypeptide, or can abort due to a premature stop codon encountered in the translation ofthe gene.
  • the invention relates especially to BASB204 polynucleotides and encoded polypeptides from differents strains as listed in table A. Those polynucleotides and encoded polypeptides have the nucleotide and amino acid sequences set out in SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO:36 as described in table A. Table A
  • sequences recited in the Sequence Listing below as "DNA” represent an exemplification of one embodiment ofthe invention, since those of ordinary skill will recognize that such sequences can be usefully employed in polynucleotides in general, including ribopolynucleotides.
  • the sequences ofthe BASB204 polynucleotides are set out in SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35.
  • SEQ Group 1 refers herein to any one of the polynucleotides set out in SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 21, 29, 31, 33 or 35.
  • sequences ofthe BASB204 encoded polypeptides are set out in SEQ ID NO:2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 35, 36a, 36b.
  • SEQ Group 2 refers herein to any one of the encoded polypeptides set out in SEQ ID NO:2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 ,32, 34, 36a or 36b.
  • polypeptides of non typeable H. influenzae referred to herein as "BASB204" and “BASB204 polypeptides” as well as biologically, diagnostically, prophylactically, clinically or therapeutically useful variants thereof, and compositions comprising the same.
  • the present invention further provides for:
  • any ofthe (a), (b) or (c) polypeptides comprising an N terminal end ofthe general formula MKLE(ASKQ)x, where ( )x means x tandem repeats of what is inside the parenthesis, which will arise from the translation of any polynucleotide of SEQ Group: 1 , where a variable, but multiple of 3, number ofthe tetranucleotide repeat AAGC are present, starting after position 10 in any sequence of SEQ Group 1.
  • the BASB204 polypeptides provided in SEQ Group 2 are the BASB204 polypeptides from non typeable H. influenzae strains as listed in table A.
  • the invention also provides an immunogenic fragment of a BASB204 polypeptide, that is, a contiguous portion ofthe BASB204 polypeptide which has the same or substantially the same immunogenic activity as the polypeptide comprising the corresponding amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 ; That is to say, the fragment (if necessary when coupled to a carrier) is capable of raising an immune response which recognises the BASB204 polypeptide.
  • an immunogenic fragment may include, for example, the BASB204 polypeptide lacking an N-terminal leader sequence, and/or a transmembrane domain and/or a C-terminal anchor domain.
  • the immunogenic fragment of BASB204 comprises substantially all ofthe extracellular domain of a polypeptide which has at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, most preferably at least 97-99% identity, to that a sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 over the entire length of said sequence.
  • a fragment is a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is entirely the same as part but not all of any amino acid sequence of any polypeptide ofthe invention.
  • fragments may be "free-standing," or comprised within a larger polypeptide of which they form a part or region, most preferably as a single continuous region in a single larger polypeptide.
  • Preferred fragments include, for example, truncation polypeptides having a portion of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 or of variants thereof, such as a continuous series of residues that includes an amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence. Degradation forms of the polypeptides of the invention produced by or in a host cell, are also preferred.
  • fragments characterized by structural or functional attributes such as fragments that comprise alpha-helix and alpha-helix forming regions, beta-sheet and beta-sheet-forming regions, turn and ' turn-forming regions, coil and coil-forming regions, hydrophilic regions, hydrophobic regions, alpha amphipathic regions, beta amphipathic regions, flexible regions, surface-forming regions, substrate binding region, and high antigenic index regions.
  • fragments include an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100 contiguous amino acids from an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 or an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100 contiguous amino acids truncated or deleted from an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 .
  • a particularly preferred fragment is that ofthe passenger domain of VirG.
  • VirG is related by sequence homology to the family of autotransporter proteins.
  • the autotranporter proteins have a general structure comprising an amino-terminal leader peptide cleaved during the crossing ofthe inner membrane, the secreted mature protein or passenger domain and a dedicated C-terminal domain, which forms a pore in the outer membrane through which the passenger domain passes to the cell surface (Henderson I.R. and Nataro J.P., Infection and Immunity, 2001, Mar: 1231-1243).
  • the predicted passenger domain of BASB204 polypeptide is set out in SEQ ID NO: 44 (and domains at the same corresponding primary sequence position within any ofthe SEQ Group 2 polypeptides).
  • This domain is likely to be useful (either by itself or conjugated to peptides, polypeptides or polysaccharides) for vaccine purposes. Further embodiments are truncates, conjugates and recombinant fusions (as described herein) ofthe domain, and of similar polypeptide sequences comprising conservative mutations (preferably 70, 80, 95, 99 or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO:44) which preserve the immunological activity/function ofthe BASB204 protein or the native passenger domain.
  • Still further preferred fragments are those which comprise a B-cell or T-helper epitope, for example those fragments/peptides described in Example 13.
  • Fragments ofthe polypeptides ofthe invention may be employed for producing the corresponding full-length polypeptide by peptide synthesis; therefore, these fragments may be employed as intermediates for producing the full-length polypeptides ofthe invention.
  • variants in which several, 5-10, 1-5, 1-3, 1-2 or 1 amino acids are substituted, deleted, or added in any combination.
  • polypeptides, or immunogenic fragments, ofthe invention may be in the form of the "mature" protein or may be a part of a larger protein such as a precursor or a fusion protein. It is often advantageous to include an additional amino acid sequence which contains secretory or leader sequences, pro-sequences, sequences which aid in purification such as multiple histidine residues, or an additional sequence for stability during recombinant production. Furthermore, addition of exogenous polypeptide or lipid tail or polynucleotide sequences to increase the immunogenic potential ofthe final molecule is also considered.
  • the invention relates to genetically engineered soluble fusion proteins comprising a polypeptide ofthe present invention, or a fragment thereof, and various portions ofthe constant regions of heavy or light chains of immunoglobulins of various subclasses (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE).
  • immunoglobulin is the constant part ofthe heavy chain of human IgG, particularly IgGl, where fusion takes place at the hinge region.
  • the Fc part can be removed simply by incorporation of a cleavage sequence which can be cleaved with blood clotting factor Xa.
  • this invention relates to processes for the preparation of these fusion proteins by genetic engineering, and to the use thereof for drug screening, diagnosis and therapy.
  • a further aspect ofthe invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding such fusion proteins. Examples of fusion protein technology can be found in International Patent Application Nos. WO94/29458 and WO94/22914.
  • the proteins may be chemically conjugated, or expressed as recombinant fusion proteins allowing increased levels to be produced in an expression system as compared to non-fused protein.
  • the fusion partner may assist in providing T helper epitopes (immunological fusion partner), preferably T helper epitopes recognised by humans, or assist in expressing the protein (expression enhancer) at higher yields than the native recombinant protein.
  • the fusion partner will be both an immunological fusion partner and expression enhancing partner.
  • Fusion partners include protein D from Haemophilus influenzas and the non- structural protein from influenza virus, NS1 (hemagglutinin). Another fusion partner is the protein known as Omp26 (WO 97/01638). Another fusion partner is the protein known as LytA. Preferably the C terminal portion ofthe molecule is used. LytA is derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae which synthesize an N-acetyl-L- alanine amidase, amidase LytA, (coded by the lytA gene ⁇ Gene, 43 (1986) page 265- 272 ⁇ ) an autolysin that specifically degrades certain bonds in the peptidoglycan backbone.
  • the C-terminal domain ofthe LytA protein is responsible for the affinity to the choline or to some choline analogues such as DEAE. This property has been exploited for the development of E. coli C-LytA expressing plasmids useful for expression of fusion proteins. Purification of hybrid proteins containing the C-LytA fragment at its amino terminus has been described ⁇ Biotechnology: 10, (1992) page 795-798 ⁇ . It is possible to use the repeat portion ofthe LytA molecule found in the C terminal end starting at residue 178, for example residues 188 - 305.
  • the present invention also includes variants ofthe aforementioned polypeptides, that is polypeptides that vary from the referents by conservative amino acid substitutions, whereby a residue is substituted by another with like characteristics. Typical such substitutions are among Ala, Val, Leu and He; among Ser and Thr; among the acidic residues Asp and Glu; among Asn and Gin; and among the basic residues Lys and Arg; or aromatic residues Phe and Tyr.
  • Polypeptides ofthe present invention can be prepared in any suitable manner.
  • Such polypeptides include isolated naturally occurring polypeptides, recombinantly produced polypeptides, synthetically produced polypeptides, or polypeptides produced by a combination of these methods. Means for preparing such polypeptides are well understood in the art.
  • a polypeptide ofthe invention is derived from non typeable H. influenzae, however, it may preferably be obtained from other organisms ofthe same taxonomic genus.
  • a polypeptide ofthe invention may also be obtained, for example, from organisms ofthe same taxonomic family or order.
  • polynucleotides comprise a region encoding BASB204 polypeptides comprising sequences set out in SEQ Group 1 which include full length gene, or a variant thereof.
  • the BASB204 polynucleotides provided in SEQ Group 1 are the BASB204 polypeptides from non typeable H. influenzae strains as listed in table A.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding and/or expressing BASB204 polypeptides and polynucleotides, particularly non typeable H. influenzae BASB204 polypeptides and polynucleotides, including, for example, unprocessed RNAs, ribozyme RNAs, mRNAs, cDNAs, genomic DNAs, B- and Z-DNAs.
  • Further embodiments ofthe invention include biologically, diagnostically, prophylactically, clinically or therapeutically useful polynucleotides and polypeptides, and variants thereof, and compositions comprising the same.
  • Another aspect ofthe invention relates to isolated polynucleotides, including at least one full length gene, that encodes a BASB204 polypeptide having a deduced amino acid sequence of SEQ Group 2 and polynucleotides closely related thereto and variants thereof.
  • BASB204 polypeptide from non typeable H. influenzae comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 or a variant thereof.
  • a polynucleotide ofthe invention encoding BASB204 polypeptides may be obtained using standard cloning and screening methods, such as those for cloning and sequencing chromosomal DNA fragments from bacteria using non typeable H. influenzae strain3224A cells as starting material, followed by obtaining a full length clone.
  • standard cloning and screening methods such as those for cloning and sequencing chromosomal DNA fragments from bacteria using non typeable H. influenzae strain3224A cells as starting material, followed by obtaining a full length clone.
  • a polynucleotide sequence ofthe invention such as a polynucleotide sequence given in SEQ Group 1, typically a library of clones of chromosomal DNA of non typeable H.
  • influenzae strain 3224 A in E.coli or some other suitable host is probed with a radiolabeled oligonucleotide, preferably a 17-mer or longer, derived from a partial sequence.
  • Clones carrying DNA identical to that ofthe probe can then be distinguished using stringent hybridization conditions.
  • sequencing primers designed from the original polypeptide or polynucleotide sequence it is then possible to extend the polynucleotide sequence in both directions to determine a full length gene sequence.
  • sequencing is performed, for example, using denatured double stranded DNA prepared from a plasmid clone. Suitable techniques are described by Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F. and Sambrook et al.,
  • each DNA sequence set out in SEQ Group 1 contains an open reading frame encoding a protein having about the number of amino acid residues set forth in SEQ Group 2 with a deduced molecular weight that can be calculated using amino acid residue molecular weight values well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the nucleotide number of start codon and first nucleotide of stop codon are listed in table B for each polynucleotide of SEQ Group 1.
  • the present invention provides for an isolated polynucleotide comprising or consisting of:
  • 0A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide ofthe present invention may be obtained by a process which comprises the steps of screening an appropriate library under stringent hybridization conditions (for example, using a temperature in the range of 45 - 65°C and an SDS concentration from 0.1 - 1%) with a labeled or detectable probe consisting of or comprising any sequence selected from SEQ Group 1 or a fragment thereof; and isolating a full-length gene and/or genomic clones containing said polynucleotide sequence.
  • the invention provides a polynucleotide sequence identical over its entire length to a coding sequence (open reading frame) set out in SEQ Group 1.
  • Also provided by the invention is a coding sequence for a mature polypeptide or a fragment thereof, by itself as well as a coding sequence for a mature polypeptide or a fragment in reading frame with another coding sequence, such as a sequence encoding a leader or secretory sequence, a pre-, or pro- or prepro-protein sequence.
  • the polynucleotide ofthe invention may also contain at least one non-coding sequence, including for example, but not limited to at least one non-coding 5' and 3' sequence, such as the transcribed but non-translated sequences, termination signals (such as rho-dependent and rho-independent termination signals), ribosome binding sites, Kozak sequences, sequences that stabilize mRNA, introns, and polyadenylation signals.
  • the polynucleotide sequence may also comprise additional coding sequence encoding additional amino acids. For example, a marker sequence that facilitates purification ofthe fused polypeptide can be encoded.
  • the marker sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, as provided in the pQE vector (Qiagen, Inc.) and described in Gentz et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 86: 821-824 (1989), or an HA peptide tag (Wilson et al, Cell 37: 161 (1984), both of which may be useful in purifying polypeptide sequence fused to them.
  • Polynucleotides ofthe invention also include, but are not limited to, polynucleotides comprising a structural gene and its naturally associated sequences that control gene expression.
  • the nucleotide sequence encoding the BASB204 polypeptide of SEQ Group 2 may be identical to the corresponding polynucleotide encoding sequence of SEQ Group 1.
  • the position ofthe first and last nucleotides ofthe encoding sequences of SEQ Goup 1 are listed in table C.
  • it may be any sequence, which as a result ofthe redundancy (degeneracy) ofthe genetic code, also encodes a polypeptide of SEQ Group 2.
  • polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide encompasses polynucleotides that include a sequence encoding a polypeptide ofthe invention, particularly a bacterial polypeptide and more particularly a polypeptide ofthe non typeable H. influenzae BASB204 having an amino acid sequence set out in any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 2 .
  • polynucleotides that include a single continuous region or discontinuous regions encoding the polypeptide (for example, polynucleotides interrupted by integrated phage, an integrated insertion sequence, an integrated vector sequence, an integrated fransposon sequence, or due to RNA editing or genomic DNA reorganization) together with additional regions, that also may contain coding and/or non-coding sequences.
  • the invention further relates to variants ofthe polynucleotides described herein that encode variants of a polypeptide having a deduced amino acid sequence of any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 2 . Fragments of polynucleotides of the-invention may be used, for example, to synthesize full-length polynucleotides ofthe invention.
  • Preferred fragments are those polynucleotides which encode a B-cell or T-helper epitope, for example the fragments/peptides described in Example 13, or a passenger domain of VirG (as described above) and recombinant, chimeric genes comprising said polynucleotide fragments.
  • BASB204 variants are polynucleotides encoding BASB204 variants, that have the amino acid sequence of BASB204 polypeptide of any sequence from SEQ Group 2 in which several, a few, 5 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, 2, 1 or no amino acid residues are substituted, modified, deleted and/or added, in any combination. Especially preferred among these are silent substitutions, additions and deletions, that do not alter the properties and activities of BASB204 polypeptide.
  • polynucleotides that are at least 85% identical over their entire length to a polynucleotide encoding B ASB204 polypeptide having an amino acid sequence set out in any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 2 , and polynucleotides that are complementary to such polynucleotides.
  • polynucleotides that comprise a region that is at least 90% identical over its entire length to a polynucleotide encoding B ASB204 polypeptide and polynucleotides complementary thereto.
  • polynucleotides at least 95% identical over their entire length to the same are particularly preferred.
  • Preferred embodiments are polynucleotides encoding polypeptides that retain substantially the same biological function or activity as the mature polypeptide encoded by a DNA sequence selected from SEQ Group 1.
  • polynucleotides that hybridize, particularly under stringent conditions, to BASB204 polynucleotide sequences, such as those polynucleotides of SEQ Group 1.
  • the invention further relates to polynucleotides that hybridize to the polynucleotide sequences provided herein.
  • the invention especially relates to polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to the polynucleotides described herein.
  • stringent conditions and “stringent hybridization conditions” mean hybridization occurring only if there is at least 95% and preferably at least 97% identity between the sequences.
  • a specific example of stringent hybridization conditions is overnight incubation at 42°C in a solution comprising: 50%> formamide, 5x SSC (150mM NaCI, 15mM trisodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH7.6), 5x Denhardt's solution, 10% dextran sulfate, and 20 micrograms/ml of denatured, sheared salmon sperm DNA, followed by washing the hybridization support in O.lx SSC at about 65°C.
  • Hybridization and wash conditions are well known and exemplified in Sambrook, et al., Molecular Cloning: A
  • Solution hybridization may also be used with the polynucleotide sequences provided by the invention.
  • the invention also provides a polynucleotide consisting of or comprising a polynucleotide sequence obtained by screening an appropriate library containing the complete gene for a polynucleotide sequence set forth in any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 1 under stringent hybridization conditions with a probe having the sequence of said polynucleotide sequence set forth in the corresponding sequence of SEQ Group 1 or a fragment thereof; and isolating said polynucleotide sequence.
  • Fragments useful for obtaining such a polynucleotide include, for example, probes and primers fully described elsewhere herein.
  • the polynucleotides ofthe invention may be used as a hybridization probe for RNA, cDNA and genomic DNA to isolate full-length cDNAs and genomic clones encoding BASB204 and to isolate cDNA and genomic clones of other genes that have a high identity, particularly high sequence identity, to the BASB204 gene.
  • Such probes generally will comprise at least 15 nucleotide residues or base pairs.
  • such probes will have at least 30 nucleotide residues or base pairs and may have at least 50 nucleotide residues or base pairs.
  • Particularly preferred probes will have at least 20 nucleotide residues or base pairs and will have less than 30 nucleotide residues or base pairs.
  • a coding region of a BASB204 gene may be isolated by screening using a DNA sequence provided in SEQ Group 1 to synthesize an oligonucleotide probe.
  • a labeled oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to that of a gene of the invention is then used to screen a library of cDNA, genomic DNA or mRNA to determine which members ofthe library the probe hybridizes to.
  • PCR Nucleic acid amplification
  • PCR Nucleic acid amplification
  • the PCR reaction is then repeated using "nested" primers, that is, primers designed to anneal within the amplified product (typically an adaptor specific primer that anneals further 3' in the adaptor sequence and a gene specific primer that anneals further 5' in the selected gene sequence).
  • the products of this reaction can then be analyzed by DNA sequencing and a full-length DNA constructed either by joining the product directly to the existing DNA to give a complete sequence, or carrying out a separate full-length PCR using the new sequence information for the design of the 5' primer.
  • polynucleotides and polypeptides ofthe invention may be employed, for example, as research reagents and materials for discovery of treatments of and diagnostics for diseases, particularly human diseases, as further discussed herein relating to polynucleotide assays.
  • polynucleotides ofthe invention that are oligonucleotides derived from a sequence of SEQ Group 1 may be used in the processes herein as described, but preferably for PCR, to determine whether or not the polynucleotides identified herein in whole or in part are transcribed in bacteria in infected tissue. It is recognized that such sequences will also have utility in diagnosis of the stage of infection and type of infection the pathogen has attained.
  • the invention also provides polynucleotides that encode a polypeptide that is the mature protein plus additional amino or carboxyl-terminal amino acids, or amino acids interior to the mature polypeptide (when the mature form has more than one polypeptide chain, for instance).
  • Such sequences may play a role in processing of a protein from precursor to a mature form, may allow protein transport, may lengthen or shorten protein half-life or may facilitate manipulation of a protein for assay or production, among other things.
  • the additional amino acids may be processed away from the mature protein by cellular enzymes.
  • polynucleotide ofthe invention there is provided a polynucleotide complementary to it. It is preferred that these complementary polynucleotides are fully complementary to each polynucleotide with which they are complementary.
  • a precursor protein, having a mature form ofthe polypeptide fused to one or more prosequences may be an inactive form ofthe polypeptide.
  • inactive precursors When prosequences are removed such inactive precursors generally are activated. Some or all ofthe prosequences may be removed before activation. Generally, such precursors are called proproteins.
  • N may also be used in describing certain polynucleotides of the invention.
  • N means that any ofthe four DNA or RNA nucleotides may appear at such a designated position in the DNA or RNA sequence, except it is preferred that N is not a nucleic acid that when taken in combination with adjacent nucleotide positions, when read in the correct reading frame, would have the effect of generating a premature termination codon in such reading frame.
  • a polynucleotide ofthe invention may encode a mature protein, a mature protein plus a leader sequence (which may be referred to as a preprotein), a precursor of a mature protein having one or more prosequences that are not the leader sequences of a preprotein, or a preproprotein, which is a precursor to a proprotein, having a leader sequence and one or more prosequences, which generally are removed during processing steps that produce active and mature forms ofthe polypeptide.
  • a leader sequence which may be referred to as a preprotein
  • a precursor of a mature protein having one or more prosequences that are not the leader sequences of a preprotein or a preproprotein, which is a precursor to a proprotein, having a leader sequence and one or more prosequences, which generally are removed during processing steps that produce active and mature forms ofthe polypeptide.
  • a polynucleotide ofthe invention for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, in particular genetic immunization.
  • a polynucleotide ofthe invention in genetic immunization will preferably employ a suitable delivery method such as direct injection of plasmid DNA into muscles (Wolff et al, Hum Mol Genet (1992) 1: 363, Manthorpe et al, Hum. Gene Ther. (1983) 4: 419), delivery of DNA complexed with specific protein carriers (Wu et al, JBiol Chem.
  • the invention also relates to vectors that comprise a polynucleotide or polynucleotides of the invention, host cells that are genetically engineered with vectors ofthe invention and the production of polypeptides ofthe invention by recombinant techniques.
  • Cell-free translation systems can also be employed to produce such proteins using RNAs derived from the DNA constructs ofthe invention.
  • Recombinant polypeptides ofthe present invention may be prepared by processes well known in those skilled in the art from genetically engineered host cells comprising expression systems. Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to expression systems that comprise a polynucleotide or polynucleotides ofthe present invention, to host cells which are genetically engineered with such expression systems, and to the production of polypeptides of the invention by recombinant techniques.
  • host cells can be genetically engineered to incorporate expression systems or portions thereof or polynucleotides ofthe invention.
  • Introduction of a polynucleotide into the host cell can be effected by methods described in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Davis, et al, BASIC METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, (1986) and Sambrook, et al, MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989), such as, calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, transvection, microinjection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, conjugation, transduction, scrape loading, ballistic introduction and infection.
  • bacterial cells such as cells of streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, E. coli, streptomyces, cyanobacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis
  • fungal cells such as cells of a yeast, Kluveromyces, Saccharomyces, Pichia, a basidiomycete, Candida albicans and Aspergillus
  • insect cells such as cells of Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9
  • animal cells such as CHO, COS, HeLa, C127, 3T3, BHK, 293, CV-1 and Bowes melanoma cells
  • plant cells such as cells of a gymnosperm or angiosperm.
  • vectors include, among others, chromosomal-, episomal- and virus- derived vectors, for example, vectors derived from bacterial plasmids, from ' bacteriophage, from transposons, from yeast episomes, from insertion elements, from yeast chromosomal elements, from viruses such as baculoviruses, papova viruses, such as S V40, vaccinia viruses, adenoviruses, fowl pox viruses, pseudorabies viruses, picomaviruses, retroviruses, and alphaviruses and vectors derived from combinations thereof, such as those derived from plasmid and bacteriophage genetic elements, such as cosmids and phagemids.
  • the expression system constructs may contain control regions that regulate as well as engender expression.
  • any system or vector suitable to maintain, propagate or express polynucleotides and/or to express a polypeptide in a host may be used for expression in this regard.
  • the appropriate DNA sequence may be inserted into the expression system by any of a variety of well-known and routine techniques, such as, for example, those set forth in Sambrook et al, MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, ⁇ supra).
  • secretion signals may be incorporated into the expressed polypeptide. These signals may be endogenous to the polypeptide or they may be heterologous signals.
  • Polypeptides of the present invention can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography ana ectin chromatography. Most preferably, ion metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is employed for purification.
  • IMAC ion metal affinity chromatography
  • Well known techniques for refolding proteins may be employed to regenerate active conformation when the polypeptide is denatured during intracellular synthesis, isolation and or purification.
  • the expression system may also be a recombinant live microorganism, such as a virus or bacterium.
  • the gene of interest can be inserted into the genome of a live recombinant virus or bacterium. Inoculation and in vivo infection with this live vector will lead to in vivo expression of the antigen and induction of immune responses.
  • Viruses and bacteria used for this purpose are for instance: poxviruses (e.g; vaccinia, fowlpox, canarypox), alphaviruses (Sindbis virus, Semliki Forest Virus, Dialoguelian Equine Encephalitis Virus), adenoviruses, adeno-associated virus, picomaviruses (poliovirus, rhinovirus), herpesviruses (varicella zoster virus, etc), Listeria, Salmonella , Shigella, BCG, streptococci. These viruses and bacteria can be virulent, or attenuated in various ways in order to obtain live vaccines. Such live vaccines also form part ofthe invention.
  • This invention is also related to the use of BASB204 polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention for use as diagnostic reagents.
  • Detection of BASB204 polynucleotides and/or polypeptides in a eukaryote, particularly a mammal, and especially a human will provide a diagnostic method for diagnosis of disease, staging of disease or response of an infectious organism to drugs.
  • Eukaryotes, particularly mammals, and especially humans, particularly those infected or suspected to be infected with an organism comprising the BASB204 gene or protein, may be detected at the nucleic acid or amino acid level by a variety of well known techniques as well as by methods provided herein.
  • Polypeptides and polynucleotides for prognosis, diagnosis or other analysis may be obtained from a putatively infected and/or infected individual's bodily materials.
  • Polynucleotides from any of these sources may be used directly for detection or may be amplified enzymatically by using PCR or any other amplification technique prior to analysis.
  • RNA, particularly mRNA, cDNA and genomic DNA may also be used in the same ways.
  • amplification characterization ofthe species and strain of infectious or resident organism present in an individual, may be made by an analysis ofthe genotype of a selected polynucleotide ofthe organism.
  • Deletions and insertions can be detected by a change in size ofthe amplified product in comparison to a genotype of a reference sequence selected from a related organism, preferably a different species ofthe same genus or a different strain ofthe same species.
  • Point mutations can be identified by hybridizing amplified DNA to labeled BASB204 polynucleotide sequences. Perfectly or significantly matched sequences can be distinguished from imperfectly or more significantly mismatched duplexes by DNase or RNase digestion, for DNA or RNA respectively, or by detecting differences in melting temperatures or renaturation kinetics.
  • Polynucleotide sequence differences may also be detected by alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of polynucleotide fragments in gels as compared to a reference sequence. This may be carried out with or without denaturing agents. Polynucleotide differences may also be detected by direct DNA or RNA sequencing. See, for example, Myers et al, Science, 230: 1242 (1985). Sequence changes at specific locations also may be revealed by nuclease protection assays, such as RNase, VI and SI protection assay or a chemical cleavage method. See, for example, Cotton et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, 85: 4397-4401 (1985).
  • an array of oligonucleotides probes comprising BASB204 nucleotide sequence or fragments thereof can be constructed to conduct efficient screening of, for example, genetic mutations, serotype, taxonomic classification or identification.
  • Array technology methods are well known and have general applicability and can be used to address a variety of questions in molecular genetics including gene expression, genetic linkage, and genetic variability (see, for example, Chee et al, Science, 274: 610 (1996)).
  • the present invention relates to a diagnostic kit which comprises:
  • a polynucleotide ofthe present invention preferably any ofthe nucleotide sequences of SEQ Group 1, or a fragment thereof ;
  • kits may comprise a substantial component.
  • Such a kit will be of use in diagnosing a disease or susceptibility to a Disease, among others.
  • This invention also relates to the use of polynucleotides ofthe present invention as diagnostic reagents.
  • Detection of a mutated form of a polynucleotide ofthe invention preferably any sequence of SEQ Group 1 , which is associated with a disease or pathogenicity will provide a diagnostic tool that can add to, or define, a diagnosis of a disease, a prognosis of a course of disease, a determination of a stage of disease, or a susceptibility to a disease, which results from under-expression, over-expression or altered expression ofthe polynucleotide.
  • Organisms, particularly infectious organisms, carrying mutations in such polynucleotide may be detected at the polynucleotide level by a variety of techniques, such as those described elsewhere herein.
  • Cells from an organism carrying mutations or polymorphisms (allelic variations) in a polynucleotide and/or polypeptide ofthe invention may also be detected at the polynucleotide or polypeptide level by a variety of techniques, to allow for serotyping, for example.
  • RT-PCR can be used to detect mutations in the RNA. It is particularly preferred to use RT-PCR in conjunction with automated detection systems, such as, for example, GeneScan.
  • RNA, cDNA or genomic DNA may also be used for the same purpose, PCR.
  • PCR primers complementary to a polynucleotide encoding BASB204 polypeptide can be used to identify and analyze mutations.
  • the invention further provides primers with 1, 2, 3 or 4 nucleotides removed from the 5' and/or the 3' end. These primers may be used for, among other things, amplifying
  • BASB204 DNA and/or RNA isolated from a sample derived from an individual, such as a bodily material.
  • the primers may be used to amplify a polynucleotide isolated from an infected individual, such that the polynucleotide may then be subject to various techniques for elucidation ofthe polynucleotide sequence. In this way, mutations in the polynucleotide sequence may be detected and used to diagnose and/or prognose the infection or its stage or course, or to serotype and/or classify the infectious agent.
  • the invention further provides a process for diagnosing, disease, preferably bacterial infections, more preferably infections caused by non typeable H. influenzae, comprising determining from a sample derived from an individual, such as a bodily material, an increased level of expression of polynucleotide having a sequence of any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 1.
  • Increased or decreased expression of BASB204 polynucleotide can be measured using any on of the methods well known in the art for the quantitation of polynucleotides, such as, for example, amplification, PCR, RT- PCR, RNase protection, Northern blotting, spectrometry and other hybridization methods.
  • a diagnostic assay in accordance with the invention for detecting over- expression of BASB204 polypeptide compared to normal control tissue samples may be used to detect the presence of an infection, for example.
  • Assay techniques that can be used to determine levels of BASB204 polypeptide, in a sample derived from a host, such as a bodily material, are well-known to those of skill in the art.
  • Such assay methods include radioimmunoassays, competitive-binding assays, Western Blot analysis, antibody sandwich assays, antibody detection and ELISA assays.
  • the polynucleotides ofthe invention may be used as components of polynucleotide arrays, preferably high density arrays or grids. These high density arrays are particularly useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
  • a set of spots each comprising a different gene, and further comprising a polynucleotide or polynucleotides ofthe invention may be used for probing, such as using hybridization or nucleic acid amplification, using a probes obtained or derived from a bodily sample, to determine the presence of a particular polynucleotide sequence or related sequence in an individual. Such a presence may indicate the presence of a pathogen, particularly non-typeable H.
  • influenzae may be useful in diagnosing and/or prognosing disease or a course of disease.
  • a grid comprising a number of variants of any polynucleotide sequence of SEQ Group 1 is preferred. Also preferred is a number of variants of a polynucleotide sequence encoding any polypeptide sequence of SEQ Group 2 .
  • polypeptides and polynucleotides ofthe invention or variants thereof, or cells expressing the same can be used as immunogens to produce antibodies immunospecific for such polypeptides or polynucleotides respectively.
  • mimotopes, particularly peptide mimotopes, of epitopes within the polypeptide sequence may also be used as immunogens to produce antibodies immunospecific for the polypeptide ofthe invention.
  • immunospecific means that the antibodies have substantially greater affinity for the polypeptides ofthe invention than their affinity for other related polypeptides in the prior art.
  • antibodies against BASB204 polypeptides or polynucleotides there are provided antibodies against BASB204 polypeptides or polynucleotides.
  • Antibodies generated against the polypeptides or polynucleotides ofthe invention can be obtained by administering the polypeptides and/or polynucleotides ofthe invention, or epitope-bearing fragments of either or both, analogues of either or both, or cells expressing either or both, to an animal, preferably a nonhuman, using routine protocols.
  • any technique known in the art that provides antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. Examples include various techniques, such as those in Kohler, G. and Milstein, C, Nature 256: 495-497 (1975); Kozbor et al, Immunology Today 4: 72 (1983); Cole et al, pg. 77-96 in MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND CANCER THERAPY, Alan R. Liss, Inc. (1985).
  • phage display technology may be utilized to select antibody genes with binding activities towards a polypeptide ofthe invention either from repertoires of PCR amplified v-genes of lymphocytes from humans screened for possessing anti- BASB204 or from naive libraries (McCafferty, et al, (1990), Nature 348, ' 552-554; Marks, et al, (1992) Biotechnology 10, 779-783).
  • the affinity of these antibodies can also be improved by, for example, chain shuffling (Clackson et al, (1991) Nature 352: 628).
  • antibodies may be employed to isolate or to identify clones expressing the polypeptides or polynucleotides ofthe invention to purify the polypeptides or polynucleotides by, for example, affinity chromatography.
  • antibodies against BASB204 polypeptide or BASB204 polynucleotide may be employed to treat infections, particularly bacterial infections.
  • Polypeptide variants include antigenically, epitopically or immunologically equivalent variants form a particular aspect of this invention.
  • the antibody or variant thereof is modified to make it less immunogenic in the individual.
  • the antibody may most preferably be "humanized," where the complimentarity determining region or regions of the hybridoma-derived antibody has been transplanted into a human monoclonal antibody, for example as described in Jones et al. (1986), Nature 321, 522-525 or Tempest et al, (1991) Biotechnology 9, 266-273.
  • Polypeptides and polynucleotides ofthe invention may-also be used to assess the binding of small molecule substrates and ligands in, for example, cells, cell-free preparations, chemical libraries, and natural product mixtures.
  • substrates and ligands may be natural substrates and ligands or may be structural or functional mimetics. See, e.g., Coligan et al, Current Protocols in Immunology 1(2): Chapter 5 (1991).
  • the screening methods may simply measure the binding of a candidate compound to the polypeptide or polynucleotide, or to cells or membranes bearing the polypeptide or polynucleotide, or a fusion protein ofthe polypeptide by means of a label directly or indirectly associated with the candidate compound.
  • the screening method may involve competition with a labeled competitor.
  • these screening methods may test whether the candidate compound results in a signal generated by activation or inhibition ofthe polypeptide or polynucleotide, using detection systems appropriate to the cells comprising the polypeptide or polynucleotide. Inhibitors of activation are generally assayed in the presence of a known agonist and the effect on activation by the agonist by the presence ofthe candidate compound is observed.
  • Constitutively active polypeptide and/or constitutively expressed polypeptides and polynucleotides may be employed in screening methods for inverse agonists or inhibitors, in the absence of an agonist or inhibitor, by testing whether the candidate compound results in inhibition of activation ofthe polypeptide or polynucleotide, as the case may be.
  • the screening methods may simply comprise the steps of mixing a candidate compound with a solution containing a polypeptide or polynucleotide ofthe present invention, to form a mixture, measuring BASB204 polypeptide and/or polynucleotide activity in the mixture, and comparing the BASB204 polypeptide and/or polynucleotide activity ofthe mixture to a standard.
  • Fusion proteins such as those made from Fc portion and BASB204 polypeptide, as hereinbefore described, can also be used for high-throughput screening assays to identify antagonists ofthe polypeptide ofthe present invention, as well as of phylogenetically and and/or functionally related polypeptides (see D. Bennett et al, J Mol Recognition, 8:52-58 (1995); and K. Johanson et al., J Biol Chem, 270(16):9459-9471 (1995)).
  • polypeptides and antibodies thatbind to and/or interact with a polypeptide ofthe present invention may also be used to configure screening methods for detecting the effect of added compounds on the production of mRNA and/or polypeptide in cells.
  • an ELISA assay may be constructed for measuring secreted or cell associated levels of polypeptide using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies by standard methods known in the art. This can be used to discover agents which may inhibit or enhance the production of polypeptide (also called antagonist or agonist, respectively) from suitably manipulated cells or tissues.
  • the invention also provides a method of screening compounds to identify those which enhance (agonist) or block (antagonist) the action of BASB204 polypeptides or polynucleotides, particularly those compounds that are bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal.
  • the method of screening may involve high-throughput techniques. For example, to screen for agonists or antagonists, a synthetic reaction mix, a cellular compartment, such as a membrane, cell envelope or cell wall, or a preparation of any thereof, comprising BASB204 polypeptide and a labeled substrate or ligand of such polypeptide is incubated in the absence or the presence of a candidate molecule that may be a BASB204 agonist or antagonist.
  • the ability ofthe candidate molecule to agonize or antagonize the BASB204 polypeptide is reflected in decreased binding ofthe labeled ligand or decreased production of product from such substrate.
  • Molecules that bind gratuitously, i.e., without inducing the effects of BASB204 polypeptide are most likely to be good antagonists.
  • Molecules that bind well and, as the case may be, increase the rate of product production from substrate, increase signal transduction, or increase chemical channel activity are agonists. Detection ofthe rate or level of, as the case may be, production of product from substrate, signal transduction, or chemical channel activity may be enhanced by using a reporter system.
  • Reporter systems that may be useful in this regard include but are not limited to colorimetric, labeled substrate converted into product, a reporter gene that is responsive to changes in BASB204 polynucleotide or polypeptide activity, and binding assays known in the art.
  • an assay for BASB204 agonists is a competitive assay that combines BASB204 and a potential agonist with BASB204 binding molecules, recombinant B ASB204 binding molecules, natural substrates or ligands, or substrate or ligand mimetics, under appropriate conditions for a competitive inhibition assay.
  • BASB204 can be labeled, such as by radioactivity or a colorimetric compound, such that the number of BASB204 molecules bound to a binding molecule or converted to product can be determined accurately to assess the effectiveness ofthe potential antagonist.
  • Potential antagonists include, among others, small organic molecules, peptides, polypeptides and antibodies that bind to a polynucleotide and/or polypeptide ofthe invention and thereby inhibit or extinguish its activity or expression.
  • Potential antagonists also may be small organic molecules, a peptide, a polypeptide such as a closely related protein or antibody that binds the same sites on a binding molecule, such as a binding molecule, without inducing BASB204 induced activities, thereby preventing the action or expression of BASB204 polypeptides and/or polynucleotides by excluding BASB204 polypeptides and/or polynucleotides from binding.
  • Potential antagonists include a small molecule that binds to and occupies the binding site of the polypeptide thereby preventing binding to cellular binding molecules, such that normal biological activity is prevented.
  • small molecules include but are not limited to small organic molecules, peptides or peptide-like molecules.
  • Other potential antagonists include antisense molecules (see Okano, J. Neurochem. 56: 560 (1991); OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES AS ANTISENSE INHIBITORS OF GENE EXPRESSION, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1988), for a description of these molecules).
  • Preferred potential antagonists include compounds related to and variants of BASB204.
  • the present invention relates to genetically engineered soluble fusion proteins comprising a polypeptide ofthe present invention, or a fragment thereof, and various portions ofthe constant regions of heavy or light chains of immunoglobulins of various subclasses (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE).
  • immunoglobulin is the constant part ofthe heavy chain of human IgG, particularly IgGl, where fusion takes place at the hinge region.
  • the Fc part can be removed simply by incorporation of a cleavage sequence which can be cleaved with blood clotting factor Xa.
  • this invention relates to processes for the preparation of these fusion proteins by genetic engineering, and to the use thereof for drug screening, diagnosis and therapy.
  • a further aspect ofthe invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding such fusion proteins. Examples of fusion protein technology can be found in International Patent Application Nos. WO94/29458 and WO94/22914.
  • Each ofthe polynucleotide sequences provided herein may be used in the discovery and development of antibacterial compounds.
  • the encoded protein upon expression, can be used as a target for the screening of antibacterial drugs.
  • the polynucleotide sequences encoding the amino terminal regions ofthe encoded protein or Shine-Delgarno or other translation facilitating sequences ofthe respective mRNA can be used to construct antisense sequences to control the expression of the coding sequence of interest.
  • the invention also provides the use ofthe polypeptide, polynucleotide, agonist or antagonist of the invention to interfere with the initial physical interaction between a pathogen or pathogens and a eukaryotic, preferably mammalian, host responsible for sequelae of infection.
  • the molecules ofthe invention may be used: in the prevention of adhesion of bacteria, in particular gram positive and/or gram negative bacteria, to eukaryotic, preferably mammalian, extracellular matrix proteins on indwelling devices or to extracellular matrix proteins in wounds; to block bacterial adhesion between eukaryotic, preferably mammalian, extracellular matrix proteins and bacterial BASB204 proteins that mediate tissue damage and/or; to block the normal progression of pathogenesis in infections initiated other than by the implantation of indwelling devices or by other surgical techniques.
  • BASB204 agonists and antagonists preferably bacteristatic or bactericidal agonists and antagonists.
  • the antagonists and agonists ofthe invention may be employed, for instance, to prevent, inhibit and/or treat diseases.
  • the present invention relates to mimotopes ofthe polypeptide of the invention.
  • a mimotope is a peptide sequence, sufficiently similar to the native peptide (sequentially or structurally), which is capable of being recognised by antibodies which recognise the native peptide; or is capable of raising antibodies which recognise the native peptide when coupled to a suitable carrier.
  • Peptide mimotopes may be designed for a particular purpose by addition, deletion or substitution of elected amino acids.
  • the peptides may be modified for the purposes of ease of conjugation to a protein carrier.
  • the peptides may be altered to have an N-terminal cysteine and a C- terminal hydrophobic amidated tail.
  • the addition or substitution of a D-stereoisomer form of one or more ofthe amino acids (inverso sequences) may be performed to create a beneficial derivative, for example to enhance stability ofthe peptide.
  • Mimotopes may also be retro sequences ofthe natural peptide sequences, in that the sequence orientation is reversed. Mimotopes may also be retro-inverso in character. ' Retro, inverso and retro-inverso peptides are described in WO 95/24916 and WO 94/05311.
  • peptide mimotopes may be identified using antibodies which are capable themselves of binding to the polypeptides ofthe present invention using techniques such as phage display technology (EP 0 552 267 BI). This technique, generates a large number of peptide sequences which mimic the structure ofthe native peptides and are, therefore, capable of binding to anti-native peptide antibodies, but may not necessarily themselves share significant sequence homology to the native polypeptide.
  • Vaccines Another aspect ofthe invention relates to a method for inducing an immunological response in an individual, particularly a mammal, preferably humans, which comprises inoculating the individual with BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide, or a fragment or variant thereof, adequate to produce antibody and/ or T cell immune response to protect said individual from infection, particularly bacterial infection and most particularly non typeable H. influenzae infection. Also provided are methods whereby such immunological response slows bacterial replication.
  • Yet another aspect ofthe invention relates to a method of inducing immunological response in an individual which comprises delivering to such individual a nucleic acid vector, sequence or ribozyme to direct expression of BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide, or a fragment or a variant thereof, for expressing BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide, or a fragment or a variant thereof in vivo in order to induce an immunological response, such as, to produce antibody and/ or T cell immune response, including, for example, cytokine-producing T cells or cytotoxic T cells, to protect said individual, preferably a human, from disease, whether that disease is already established within the individual or not.
  • an immunological response such as, to produce antibody and/ or T cell immune response, including, for example, cytokine-producing T cells or cytotoxic T cells, to protect said individual, preferably a human, from disease, whether that disease is already established within the individual or not.
  • nucleic acid vector may comprise DNA, RNA, a ribozyme, a modified nucleic acid, a DNA/RNA hybrid, a DNA-protein complex or an RNA-protein complex.
  • a further aspect ofthe invention relates to an immunological composition that when introduced into an individual, preferably a human, capable of having induced within it an immunological response, induces an immunological response in such individual to a BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide encoded therefrom, wherein the composition comprises a recombinant BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide encoded therefrom and/or comprises DNA and/or RNA which encodes and expresses an antigen of said BASB204 polynucleotide, polypeptide encoded therefrom, or other polypeptide ofthe invention.
  • the immunological response may be used therapeutically or prophylactically and may take the form of antibody immunity and/or cellular immunity, such as cellular immunity arising from CTL or CD4+ T cells.
  • BASB204 polypeptide or a fragment thereof may be fused with co-protein or chemical moiety which may or may not by itself produce antibodies, but which is capable of stabilizing the first protein and producing a fused or modified protein which will have antigenic and/or immunogenic properties, and preferably protective properties.
  • fused recombinant protein preferably further comprises an antigenic co-protein, such as lipoprotein D from Haemophilus influenzae, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or beta-galactosidase, or any other relatively large co-protein which solubilizes the protein and facilitates production and purification thereof.
  • an antigenic co-protein such as lipoprotein D from Haemophilus influenzae, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or beta-galactosidase, or any other relatively large co-protein which solubilizes the protein and facilitates production and purification thereof.
  • the co-protein may act as an adjuvant in the sense of providing a generalized stimulation ofthe immune system ofthe organism receiving the protein.
  • the co-protein may be attached to either the amino- or carboxy-terminus ofthe first protein.
  • a BASB204 polypeptide and/or polynucleotide, or a fragment, or a mimotope, or a variant thereof may be present in a vector, such as the live recombinant vectors described above for example live bacterial vectors.
  • non-live vectors for the BASB204 polypeptide for example bacterial outer-membrane vesicles or "blebs".
  • OM blebs are derived from the outer membrane ofthe two-layer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and have been documented in many Gram-negative bacteria (Zhou, L et al. 1998. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 163:223- 228) including C. trachomatis and C. psittaci.
  • a non-exhaustive list of bacterial pathogens reported to produce blebs also includes: Bordetella pertussis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, Esherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica.
  • Blebs have the advantage of providing outer-membrane proteins in their native conformation and are thus particularly useful for vaccines. Blebs can also be improved for vaccine use by engineering the bacterium so as to modify the expression of one or more molecules at the outer membrane.
  • a desired immunogenic protein at the outer membrane such as the BASB204 polypeptide
  • the expression of outer-membrane molecules which are either not relevant (e.g. unprotective antigens or immunodominant but variable proteins) or detrimental (e.g. toxic molecules such as LPS, or potential inducers of an autoimmune response) can be downregulated.
  • the non-coding flanking regions ofthe BASB204 gene contain regulatory elements important in the expression ofthe gene. This regulation takes place both at the transcriptional and translational level.
  • the sequence of these regions can be obtained by DNA sequencing. This sequence information allows the determination of potential regulatory motifs such as the different promoter elements, terminator sequences, inducible sequence elements, repressors, elements responsible for phase variation, the shine-dalgarno sequence, regions with potential secondary structure involved in regulation, as well as other types of regulatory motifs or sequences.
  • This sequence is a further aspect ofthe invention.
  • SEQ ID NO: 37 is the non typeable Haemophilus influenzae upstream sequence (upstream ofthe predicted initiation codon ofthe preferred genes) comprising approximately 700bp.
  • This sequence information allows the modulation ofthe natural expression ofthe BASB204 gene.
  • the upregulation ofthe gene expression may be accomplished by altering the promoter, the shine-dalgarno sequence, potential repressor or operator elements, or any other elements involved.
  • dowmegulation of expression can be achieved by similar types of modification.
  • the expression ofthe gene can be put under phase variation control, or it may be uncoupled from this regulation.
  • the expression ofthe gene can be put under the control of one or more inducible elements allowing regulated expression. Examples of such regulation include, but are not limited to, induction by temperature shift, addition of inductor substrates like selected carbohydrates or their derivatives, trace elements, vitamins, co-factors, metal ions, etc.
  • modifications as described above can be introduced by several different means.
  • the modification of sequences involved in gene expression can be carried out in vivo by random mutagenesis followed by selection for the desired phenotype.
  • Another approach consists in isolating the region of interest and modifying it by random mutagenesis, or site-directed replacement, insertion or deletion mutagenesis.
  • the modified region can then be reintroduced into the bacterial genome by homologous recombination, and the effect on gene expression can be assessed.
  • the sequence knowledge ofthe region of interest can be used to replace or delete all or part ofthe natural regulatory sequences.
  • the regulatory region targeted is isolated and modified so as to contain the regulatory elements from another gene, a combination of regulatory elements from different genes, a synthetic regulatory region, or any other regulatory region, or to delete selected parts of the wild-type regulatory sequences. These modified sequences can then be reintroduced into the bacterium via homologous recombination into the genome.
  • a non-exhaustive list of preferred promoters that could be used for up-regulation of gene expression includes the promoters porA, porB, lbpB, tbpB, pi 10, 1st, hpuAB from N. meningitidis o ⁇ N.
  • gonorroheae ompCD, copB, lbpB, ompE, UspAl; UspA2; TbpB frorri Catarrhalis; pi, p2, p4, p5, p6, lpD, tbpB, D15, Hia, Hmwl, Hmw2 fromH. influenzae.
  • the expression ofthe gene can be modulated by exchanging its promoter with a stronger promoter (through isolating the upstream sequence ofthe gene, in vitro modification of this sequence, and reintroduction into the genome by homologous recombination).
  • Upregulated expression can be obtained in both the bacterium as well as in the outer membrane vesicles shed (or made) from the bacterium.
  • the described approaches can be used to generate recombinant bacterial strains with improved characteristics for vaccine applications. These can be, but are not limited to, attenuated strains, strains with increased expression of selected antigens, strains with knock-outs (or decreased expression) of genes interfering with the immune response, strains with modulated expression of immunodominant proteins, strains with modulated shedding of outer-membrane vesicles.
  • a modified upstream region ofthe BASB204 gene which modified upstream region contains a heterologous regulatory element which alters the expression level ofthe BASB204 protein located at the outer membrane.
  • the upstream region according to this aspect ofthe invention includes the sequence upstream of the B ASB204 gene. The upstream region starts immediately upstream ofthe BASB204 gene and continues usually to a position no more than about 1000 bp upstream ofthe gene from the ATG start codon. In the case of a gene located in a polycistronic sequence (operon) the upstream region can start immediately preceding the gene of interest, or preceding the first gene in the operon.
  • a modified upstream region according to this aspect ofthe invention contains a heterologous promotor at a position between 500 and 700 bp upsfream ofthe ATG.
  • the invention provides a BASB204 polypeptide, in a modified bacterial bleb.
  • the invention further provides modified host cells capable of producing the non-live membrane-based bleb vectors.
  • the invention further provides nucleic acid vectors comprising the BASB204 gene having a modified upstream region containing a heterologous regulatory element.
  • compositions particularly vaccine compositions, and methods comprising the polypeptides and/or polynucleotides ofthe invention and immunostimulatory DNA sequences, such as those described in Sato, Y. et al. Science 273: 352 (1996).
  • polynucleotide or particular fragments thereof which have been shown to encode non-variable regions of bacterial cell surface proteins, in polynucleotide constructs used in such genetic immunization experiments in animal models of infection with non typeable H. influenzae.
  • Such experiments will be particularly useful for identifying protein epitopes able to provoke a prophylactic or therapeutic immune response. It is believed that this approach will allow for the subsequent preparation of monoclonal antibodies of particular value, derived from the requisite organ ofthe animal successfully resisting or clearing infection, for the development of prophylactic agents or therapeutic treatments of bacterial infection, particularly non typeable H. influenzae infection, in mammals, particularly humans.
  • the invention also includes a vaccine formulation which comprises an immunogenic recombinant polypeptide and/or polynucleotide ofthe invention together with a suitable carrier, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Since the polypeptides and polynucleotides may be broken down in the stomach, each is preferably administered parenterally, including, for example, administration that is subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, or intradermal.
  • Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostatic compounds and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the bodily fluid, preferably the blood, ofthe individual; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents or thickening agents.
  • the formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampoules and vials and may be stored in a freeze-dried condition requiring only the addition ofthe sterile liquid carrier immediately prior to use.
  • the vaccine formulation ofthe invention may also include adjuvant systems for enhancing the immunogenicity of the formulation. Preferably the adjuvant system raises preferentially a THl type of response.
  • An immune response may be broadly distinguished into two extreme catagories, being a humoral or cell mediated immune responses (traditionally characterised by antibody and cellular effector mechanisms of protection respectively). These categories of response have been termed THl-type responses (cell-mediated response), and TH2-type immune responses (humoral response).
  • THl-type immune responses may be characterised by the generation of antigen specific, haplotype restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and natural killer cell responses.
  • mice THl-type responses are often characterised by the generation of antibodies ofthe IgG2a subtype, whilst in the human these correspond to IgGl type antibodies.
  • TH2-type immune responses are characterised by the generation of a broad range of immunoglobulin isotypes including in mice IgGl, IgA, and IgM.
  • cytokines the driving force behind the development of these two types of. immune responses are cytokines.
  • High levels of THl-type cytokines tend to favour the induction of cell mediated immune responses to the given antigen, whilst high levels of TH2-type cytokines tend to favour the induction of humoral immune responses to the antigen.
  • THl and TH2-type immune responses are not absolute. In reality an individual will support an immune response which is described as being predominantly THl or predominantly TH2. However, it is often convenient to consider the families of cytokines in terms of that described in murine CD4 +ve T cell clones by Mosmann and Coffman ⁇ Mosmann, TR. and Coffman, R.L. (1989) THl and TH2 cells: different patterns oflymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annual Review of Immunology, 7, pl45-l 73). Traditionally, THl-type responses are associated with the production ofthe INF- ⁇ and IL-2 cytokines by T-lymphocytes.
  • cytokines often directly associated with the induction of THl-type immune responses are not produced by T-cells, such as IL- 12.
  • TH2- type responses are associated with the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13.
  • the best indicators ofthe THL.TH2 balance ofthe immune response after a vaccination or infection includes direct measurement ofthe production of THl or TH2 cytokines by T lymphocytes in vitro after restimulation with antigen, and/or the measurement ofthe IgGl:IgG2a ratio of antigen specific antibody responses.
  • a THl-type adjuvant is one which preferentially stimulates isolated T-cell populations to produce high levels of THl-type cytokines when re-stimulated with antigen in vitro, and promotes development of both CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antigen specific immunoglobulin responses associated with THl-type isotype.
  • Adjuvants which are capable of preferential stimulation ofthe THl cell response are described in International Patent Application No. WO 94/00153 and WO 95/17209.
  • 3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A is one such adjuvant. This is known from GB 2220211 (Ribi). Chemically it is a mixture of 3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A with 4, 5 or 6 acylated chains and is manufactured by Ribi Immunochem, Montana. A preferred form of 3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A is disclosed in European Patent 0 689 454 BI (SmithKline Beecham Biologicals SA).
  • the particles of 3D-MPL are small enough to be sterile filtered through a 0.22micron membrane (European Patent number 0 689 454).
  • 3D-MPL will be present in the range of lO ⁇ g - lOO ⁇ g preferably 25-50 ⁇ g per dose wherein the antigen will typically be present in a range 2-50 ⁇ g per dose.
  • Another preferred adjuvant comprises QS21 , an Hplc purified non-toxic fraction derived from the bark of Quillaja Saponaria Molina. Optionally this may be admixed with 3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A (3D-MPL), optionally together with an carrier.
  • Non-reactogenic adjuvant formulations containing QS21 have been described previously (WO 96/33739). Such formulations comprising QS21 and cholesterol have been shown to be successful THl stimulating adjuvants when formulated together with an antigen.
  • Further adjuvants which are preferential stimulators of THl cell response include immunomodulatory oligonucleotides, for example unmethylated CpG sequences as disclosed in WO 96/02555.
  • THl stimulating adjuvants such as those mentioned hereinabove, are also contemplated as providing an adjuvant which is a preferential stimulator of THl cell response.
  • QS21 can be formulated together with 3D-MPL.
  • the ratio of QS21 : 3D-MPL will typically be in the order of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1; preferably 1:5 to 5 : 1 and often substantially 1 : 1.
  • the preferred range for optimal synergy is 2.5 : 1 to 1 : 1 3D-MPL: QS21.
  • a carrier is also present in the vaccine composition according to the invention.
  • the carrier may be an oil in water emulsion, or an aluminium salt, such as aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide.
  • a preferred oil-in- water emulsion comprises a metabolisible oil, such as squalene, alpha tocopherol and Tween 80.
  • the antigens in the vaccine composition according to the invention are combined with QS21 and 3D-MPL in such an emulsion.
  • the oil in water emulsion may contain span 85 and/or lecithin and/or tricaprylin.
  • QS21 and 3D-MPL will be present in a vaccine in the range of l ⁇ g - 200 ⁇ g, such as 10-100 ⁇ g, preferably lO ⁇ g - 50 ⁇ g per dose.
  • the oil in water will comprise from 2 to 10% squalene, from 2 to 10% alpha tocopherol and from 0.3 to 3% tween 80.
  • the ratio of squalene: alpha tocopherol is equal to or less than 1 as this provides a more stable emulsion.
  • Span 85 may also be present at a level of 1%. In some cases it may be advantageous that the vaccines ofthe present invention will further contain a stabiliser.
  • Non-toxic oil in water emulsions preferably contain a non-toxic oil, e.g. squalane or squalene, an emulsifier, e.g. Tween 80, in an aqueous carrier.
  • a non-toxic oil e.g. squalane or squalene
  • an emulsifier e.g. Tween 80
  • the aqueous carrier may be, for example, phosphate buffered saline.
  • the present invention also provides a polyvalent vaccine composition
  • a polyvalent vaccine composition comprising a vaccine formulation ofthe invention in combination with other antigens, in particular antigens useful for treating otitis media.
  • a polyvalent vaccine composition may include a TH-1 inducing adjuvant as hereinbefore described.
  • the polypeptides, fragments and immunogens ofthe invention are formulated with one or more ofthe following groups of antigens: a) one or more pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (either plain or conjugated to a carrier protein); b) one or more antigens that can protect a host against M. catarrhalis infection; c) one or more protein antigens that can protect a host against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection; d) one or more further non typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein antigens; e) one or more antigens that can protect a host against RSV; and f) one or more antigens that can protect a host against influenza virus.
  • antigens a) one or more pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (either plain or conjugated to a carrier protein); b) one or more antigens that can protect a host against M. catarrhalis infection; c) one or more protein antigens that can protect a host
  • Combinations with: groups a) and b); b) and c); b), d), and a) and/or c); b), d), e), f), and a) and/or c) are preferred.
  • Such vaccines may be advantageously used as global otitis media vaccines.
  • the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens are preferably selected from serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F and 33F (most preferably from serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F).
  • Preferred pneumococcal protein antigens are those pneumococcal proteins which are exposed on the outer surface ofthe pneumococcus (capable of being recognised by a host's immune system during at least part of the life cycle of the pneumococcus), or are proteins which are secreted or released by the pneumococcus.
  • the protein is a toxin, adhesin, 2-component signal tranducer, or lipoprotein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, or fragments thereof- "
  • Particularly preferred proteins include, but are not limited to: pneumolysin (preferably detoxified by chemical treatment or mutation) [Mitchell et al. Nucleic Acids Res.
  • pneumococcal protein antigens are those disclosed in WO 98/18931, particularly those selected in WO 98/18930 and PCT/US99/30390.
  • Preferred Moraxella catarrhalis protein antigens which can be included in a combination vaccine (especially for the prevention of otitis media) are: OMP 106 [WO 97/41731 (Antex) & WO 96/34960 (PMC)]; OMP21; LbpA &/or LbpB [WO 98/55606 (PMC)]; TbpA &/or TbpB [WO 97/13785 & WO 97/32980 (PMC)]; CopB [Helminen ME, et al. (1993) Infect. Immun.
  • Preferred further non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein antigens which can be included in a combination vaccine (especially for the prevention of otitis media) include: Fimbrin protein [(US 5766608 - Ohio State Research Foundation)] and fusions comprising peptides therefrom [eg LB 1(f) peptide fusions; US 5843464 (OSU) or WO 99/64067]; OMP26 [WO 97/01638 (Cortecs)]; P6 [EP 281673 (State University of New York)]; protein D (EP 594610); TbpA and/or TbpB; Hia; Hsf; Hin47; Hif; Hmwl; Hmw2; Hmw3; Hmw4; Hap; D15 (WO 94/12641); P2; and P5 (WO 94/26304).
  • Fimbrin protein (US 5766608 - Ohio State Research Foundation)] and fusions comprising peptides therefrom [
  • Preferred influenza virus antigens include whole, live or inactivated virus, split influenza virus, grown in eggs or MDCK cells, or Vero cells or whole flu virosomes (as described by R. Gluck, Vaccine, 1992, 10, 915-920) or purified or recombinant proteins thereof, such as HA, NP, NA, or M proteins, or combinations thereof.
  • Preferred RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) antigens include the F glycoprotein, the G glycoprotein, the HN protein, or derivatives thereof.
  • compositions for purposes of compositions, kits and administration
  • compositions comprising a B ASB204 polynucleotide and/or a B ASB204 polypeptide for administration to a cell or to a multicellular organism.
  • the invention also relates to compositions comprising a polynucleotide and/or a polypeptides discussed herein or their agonists or antagonists.
  • the polypeptides and polynucleotides ofthe invention may be employed in combination with a non-sterile or sterile carrier or carriers for use with cells, tissues or organisms, such as a pharmaceutical carrier suitable for administration to an individual.
  • Such compositions comprise, for instance, a media additive or a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide and/or polynucleotide ofthe invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • Such carriers may include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol and combinations thereof.
  • the formulation should suit the mode of administration.
  • the invention further relates to diagnostic and pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more containers filled with one or more ofthe ingredients ofthe aforementioned compositions ofthe invention.
  • Polypeptides, polynucleotides and other compounds ofthe invention may be employed alone or in conjunction with other compounds, such as therapeutic compounds.
  • compositions may be administered in any effective, convenient manner including, for instance, administration by topical, oral, anal, vaginal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasaLor intradermal routes among others.
  • the active agent may be administered to an individual as an injectable composition, for example as a sterile aqueous dispersion, preferably isotonic.
  • the present invention provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide and/or polynucleotide, such as the soluble form of a polypeptide and/or polynucleotide ofthe present invention, agonist or antagonist peptide or small molecule compound, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
  • the invention further relates to pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more containers filled with one or more ofthe ingredients ofthe aforementioned compositions ofthe invention.
  • Polypeptides, polynucleotides and other compounds of the present invention may be employed alone or in conjunction with other compounds, such as therapeutic compounds.
  • composition will be adapted to the route of administration, for instance by a systemic or an oral route.
  • Preferred forms of systemic administration include injection, typically by intravenous injection. Other injection routes, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal, can be used.
  • Alternative means for systemic administration include transmucosal and transdermal administration using penechans such as bile salts or fusidic acids or other detergents.
  • oral administration may also be possible. Administration of these compounds may also be topical and/or localized, in the form of salves, pastes, gels, solutions, powders and the like.
  • the daily dosage level ofthe active agent will be from 0.01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, typically around 1 mg/kg.
  • the physician in any event will determine the actual dosage which will be most suitable for an individual and will vary with the age, weight and response ofthe particular individual.
  • the above dosages are exemplary of the average case. There can, of course, be individual instances where higher or lower dosage ranges are merited, and such are within the scope of this invention.
  • Suitable dosages are in the range of 0.1-100 ⁇ g/kg of subject.
  • a vaccine composition is conveniently in injectable form. Conventional adjuvants may be employed to enhance the immune response.
  • a suitable unit dose for vaccination is 0.5-5 microgram/kg of antigen, and such dose is preferably administered 1-3 times and with an interval of 1-3 weeks. With the indicated dose range, no adverse toxicological effects will be observed with the compounds of the invention which would preclude their administration to suitable individuals.
  • Sequence Databases Sequences in a Tangible Medium, and Algorithms
  • Polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences form a valuable information resource with which to determine their 2- and 3 -dimensional structures as well as to identify further sequences of similar homology.
  • These approaches are most easily facilitated by storing the sequence in a computer readable medium and then using the stored data in a known macromolecular structure program or to search a sequence database using well known searching tools, such as the GCG program package.
  • methods for the analysis of character sequences or strings particularly genetic sequences or encoded protein sequences.
  • sequence analysis includes, for example, methods of sequence homology analysis, such as identity and similarity analysis, DNA, RNA and protein structure analysis, sequence assembly, cladistic analysis, sequence motif analysis, open reading frame determination, nucleic acid base calling, codon usage analysis, nucleic acid base trimming, and sequencing chromatogram peak analysis.
  • sequence homology analysis such as identity and similarity analysis, DNA, RNA and protein structure analysis, sequence assembly, cladistic analysis, sequence motif analysis, open reading frame determination, nucleic acid base calling, codon usage analysis, nucleic acid base trimming, and sequencing chromatogram peak analysis.
  • a computer based method for performing homology identification. This method comprises the steps of: providing a first polynucleotide sequence comprising the sequence of a polynucleotide ofthe invention in a computer readable medium; and comparing said first polynucleotide sequence to at least one second polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence to identify homology.
  • a computer based method for performing homology identification, said method comprising the steps of: providing a first polypeptide sequence comprising the sequence of a polypeptide of the invention in a computer readable medium; and comparing said first polypeptide sequence to at least one second polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence to identify homology.
  • Identity is a relationship between two or more polypeptide sequences or two or more polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by comparing the sequences.
  • identity also means the degree of sequence relatedness between polypeptide or polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by the match between strings of such sequences.
  • Identity can be readily calculated by known methods, including but not limited to those described in ⁇ Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A.M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, D.W., ed., Academic Press, New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, A.M., and Griffin, H.G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heine, G., Academic Press, 1987; and Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M.
  • Methods to determine identity are designed to give the largest match between the sequences tested. Moreover, methods to determine identity are codified in publicly available computer programs. Computer program methods to determine identity between two sequences include, but are not limited to, the GAP program in the GCG program package (Devereux, J., et al, Nucleic Acids Research 12(1): 387 (1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN (Altschul, S.F. et al, J. Molec. Biol.
  • Polynucleotide embodiments further include an isolated polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence having at least a 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 97 or 100%) identity to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , wherein said polynucleotide sequence may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:l or may include up to a certain integer number of nucleotide alterations as compared to the reference sequence, wherein said alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one nucleotide deletion, substitution, including transition and transversion, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the 5' or 3' terminal positions of the reference nucleotide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the nucleotides in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence, and wherein said number of nucleotide alterations is determined by multiplying the total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO: 1 by
  • n n is the number of nucleotide alterations
  • n is the total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO:l
  • y is 0.50 for 50%, 0.60 for 60%, 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85%, 0.90 for 90%, 0.95 for 95%, 0.97 for 97% or 1.00 for 100%
  • • is the symbol for the multiplication operator, and wherein any non-integer product of x n and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from x n .
  • Alterations of polynucleotide sequences encoding the polypeptides of SEQ ID NO:2 may create nonsense, missense or frameshift mutations in this coding sequence and thereby alter the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide following such alterations.
  • a polynucleotide sequence ofthe present invention may be identical to the reference sequences of SEQ ID NO:l, that is it may be 100% identical, or it may include up to a certain integer number of nucleic acid alterations as compared to the reference sequence such that the percent identity is less than 100% identity.
  • Such alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one nucleic acid deletion, substitution, including transition and transversion, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the 5 ' or 3' terminal positions ofthe reference polynucleotide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the nucleic acids in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence.
  • the number of nucleic acid alterations for a given percent identity is determined by multiplying the total number of nucleic acids in SEQ ID NO: 1 by the integer defining the percent identity divided by 100 and then subtracting that product from said total number of nucleic acids in SEQ ID NO:l, or:
  • Polypeptide embodiments further include an isolated polypeptide comprising a polypeptide having at least a 50,60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 97 or 100% identity to the polypeptide reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein said polypeptide sequence may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or may include up to a certain integer number of amino acid alterations as compared to the reference sequence, wherein said alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one amino acid deletion, substitution, including conservative and non-conservative substitution, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the amino- or
  • n a is the number of amino acid alterations
  • x a is the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2
  • y is 0.50 for 50%, 0.60 for 60%, 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85%, 0.90 for 90%, 0.95 for 95%, 0.97 for 97% or 1.00 for 100%
  • • is the symbol for the multiplication operator, and wherein any non-integer product of x a and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from x a .
  • a polypeptide sequence ofthe present invention may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, that is it may be 100%o identical, or it may include up to a certain integer number of amino acid alterations as compared to the reference sequence such that the percent identity is less than 100% identity.
  • Such alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one amino acid deletion, substitution, including conservative and non-conservative substitution, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the amino- or carboxy-terminal positions of the reference polypeptide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the amino acids in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence.
  • the number of amino acid alterations for a given % identity is determined by multiplying the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2 by the integer defining the percent identity divided by 100 and then subtracting that product from said total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2, or:
  • n a is the number of amino acid alterations
  • x a is the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2
  • y is, for instance 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85% etc.
  • • is the symbol for the multiplication operator, and wherein any non-integer product of x a and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from
  • Isolated means altered “by the hand of man” from its natural state, i.e., if it occurs in nature, it has been changed or removed from its original environment, or both.
  • a polynucleotide or a polypeptide naturally present in a living organism is not “isolated,” but the same polynucleotide or polypeptide separated from the coexisting materials of its natural state is “isolated”, as the term is employed herein.
  • a polynucleotide or polypeptide that is introduced into an organism by transformation, genetic manipulation or by any other recombinant method is "isolated” even if it is still present in said organism, which organism may be living or non-living.
  • Polynucleotide(s) generally refers to any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxyribonucleotide, which may be unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA including single and double-stranded regions.
  • Variant refers to a polynucleotide or polypeptide that differs from a reference polynucleotide or polypeptide, but retains essential properties.
  • a typical variant of a polynucleotide differs in nucleotide sequence from another, reference polynucleotide. Changes in the nucleotide sequence ofthe variant may or may not alter the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide encoded by the reference polynucleotide.
  • Nucleotide changes may result in amino acid substitutions, additions, deletions, fusions and truncations in the polypeptide encoded by the reference sequence, as discussed below.
  • a typical variant of a polypeptide differs in amino acid sequence from another, reference polypeptide. Generally, differences are limited so that the sequences ofthe reference polypeptide and the variant are closely similar overall and, in many regions, identical.
  • a variant and reference polypeptide may differ in amino acid sequence by one or more substitutions, additions, deletions in any combination.
  • a substituted or inserted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code.
  • a variant of a polynucleotide or polypeptide may be a naturally occurring such as an allelic variant, or it may be a variant that is not known to occur naturally.
  • Non-naturally occurring variants of polynucleotides and polypeptides may be made by mutagenesis techniques or by direct synthesis.
  • Disease(s) means any disease caused by or related to infection by a bacteria, including, for example, otitis media in infants and children, pneumonia in elderlies, sinusitis, nosocomial infections and invasive diseases, chronic otitis media with hearing loss, fluid accumulation in the middle ear, auditive nerve damage, delayed speech learning, infection ofthe upper respiratory tract and inflammation ofthe middle ear.
  • Example 1 DNA sequencing of he BASB204 gene from Non typable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A.
  • the DNA sequence ofthe BASB204 polynucleotide from the Non typable Haemophilus Influenzae strain 3224 A (also referred to as strain ATCC PT-1816) is shown in SEQ ID N0:1.
  • the translation ofthe BASB204 polynucleotidic sequence is showed in SEQ ID N0:2.
  • B BASB204 in Non typable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A.
  • Non Typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A The sequence ofthe BASB204 polynucleotide was confirmed in Non Typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A.
  • plasmid DNA (see example 3 A) containing the gene region encoding BASB204 from Non Typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A was submitted to DNA sequencing using the Big Dyes kit (Applied biosystems) and analyzed on a ABI 373/A DNA sequencer in the conditions described by the supplier using primers oli 1 VIRG (5 '-AC ATG TCA TTT ATT ATA AGT CTA TTT TTT TCT ATT -3') [SEQ ID NO:38] and oli 2 VIRG (5'-AGA TCT AAA CGT CCA CTG TAA ATT CAA CGC -3') [SEQ ID NO:39] specific for the BASB204 polynucleotide and M13 Universal Sequence Primer(5'-GTA AAA CGA CGG CCA GT-3') [SEQ
  • polypeptide sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 was aligned with SEQ ID NO:l; a pairwise comparison of identities showed that the polynucleotide sequence was 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:l (fig 1) .
  • polypeptide sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 was aligned with SEQ ID NO:2; a pairwise comparison of identities showed that the polypeptide sequence was 99% identical to SEQ ID N0:2 (FIG 2)
  • the DNA sequence ofthe BASB204 polynucleotide from the Non typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A (also referred to as strain ATCC PT-1816) is shown in SEQ ID NO:3.
  • the BASB204 polynucleotide is a phase variable gene by repeat slippage. It is in-frame when it has a multiple of 3 (AAGC) repeats.
  • the polynucleotide SEQ ID NO:3 has 20 repeats and is not in-frame.
  • the translation, in frame 1, ofthe BASB204 polynucleotide set out in SEQ ID NO:3 results in a premature stop codon; it is shown in SEQ ID NO:4a.
  • the translation, in frame 3, of the BASB204 polynucleotide set out in SEQ ID NO:3 is shown in SEQ ID NO:4b; the BASB204 polypeptide set out in SEQ ID NO:4b is the translation of SEQ ID NO:3 as it would be when in phase. In that case, the polypeptidic sequence would have an N-terminal extension like (MKLEA).
  • Example 2 Variability analysis of the BASB204 gene among Non Typeable Haemophilus influenzae strains.
  • the BASB204 gene shows the presence of a stretch of tetranucleotides at the 5' end indicating that this gene is phase- variable.
  • the number of tetranucleotides in this gene has been determined for 17 NTHI strains by sequencing the 5' region ofthe gene.
  • Genomic DNA was extracted from 17 further NJ Haemophilus influenzae strains (presented in Table 1) as follows. A 500ml erlenmeyer flask containing -100 ml of BHI broth was inoculated with the seed culture and grown for —12-16 hours at 37 °C in a shaking incubator, -175 rpm, to generate cell mass for D ⁇ A isolation. Cells were collected by centrifugation in a Sorvall GSA rotor at -2000 X g for 15 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was removed. Genomic D ⁇ A was extracted from the pellet of the NT Haemophilus influenzae cells using the QIAGEN genomic DNA extraction kit (Qiagen Gmbh).
  • the BASB204 PCR products are first introduced into the pCRJITOPO cloning vector (In vitrogen) using Top 10 bacterial cells, according to the manufacturer's instructions. This intermediate construct is realized to facilitate further cloning into an expression vector.
  • Transformants containing the BASB204 DNA insert are selected by restriction enzyme analysis.
  • a ⁇ 20 ⁇ l aliquot ofthe reaction is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8 % agarose in a Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer). DNA fragments are visualized by UV illumination after gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining.
  • a DNA molecular size standard (1 Kb ladder, Life Technologies) is electrophoresed in parallel with the test samples and is used to estimate the size ofthe DNA fragments. Plasmid purified from selected transformants for each cloning are then sequentially digested to completion restriction enzymes as recommended by the manufacturer (Life Technologies). The digested DNA fragment is then purified using silica gel-based spin columns prior to ligation with the pQE60 plasmid.
  • transformed cells are plated on LB agar plates containing ampicillin (100 ⁇ g/ml) and kanamycin (30 ⁇ g/ml). Antibiotic is included in the selection. Plates are incubated overnight at 37°C for ⁇ 16 hours. Individual ApR/KanR colonies are picked with sterile toothpicks and used to "patch" inoculate fresh LB ApR/KanR plates as well as a -1.0 ml LB Ap/ Kan broth culture. Both the patch plates and the broth culture are incubated overnight at 37°C in either a standard incubator (plates) or a shaking water bath.
  • a whole cell-based PCR analysis is employed to verify that transformants contained the BASB204 DNA insert.
  • the -1.0 ml overnight LB Ap/Kan broth culture is transferred to a 1.5 ml polypropylene tube and the cells collected by centrifugation in a Beckmann microcentrifuge (-3 min., room temperature, -12,000 X g).
  • the cell pellet is suspended in ⁇ 200 ⁇ l of sterile water and a ⁇ 10 ⁇ l aliquot used to program a ⁇ 50 ⁇ l final volume PCR reaction containing both BASB204 forward and reverse amplification primers.
  • the initial 95°C denaturation step is increased to 3 minutes to ensure thermal disruption ofthe bacterial cells and liberation of plasmid DNA.
  • An ABI Model 9700 thermal cycler and a 32 cycle, three-step thermal amplification profile i.e. 95°C, 45sec; 55-58°C, 45sec, 72°C, lmin., are used to amplify the BASB204 fragment from the ' lysed transformant samples.
  • a ⁇ 20 ⁇ l aliquot ofthe reaction is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8 % agarose in a Tris-acetate- EDTA (TAE) buffer). DNA fragments are visualized by UV illumination after gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining.
  • one gel is stained with commassie brilliant blue R250 (BioRad) and then destained to visualize novel BASB204 IPTG-inducible protein(s).
  • the second gel is electroblotted onto a PVDF membrane (0.45 micron pore size, Novex) for -2 hrs at 4 °C using a BioRad Mini-Protean II blotting apparatus and Towbin's methanol (20 %) transfer buffer. Blocking ofthe membrane and antibody incubations are performed according to methods well known in the art.
  • Visualization ofthe anti-His antibody reactive pattern is achieved using either an ABT insoluble substrate or using Hyperfilm with the Amersham ECL chemiluminescence system.
  • Bacterial strain A recombinant expression strain of E. coli M15(pREP4) containing a plasmid (pQE60) encoding BASB204 from NT haemophilus influenzae is used to produce cell mass for purification of recombinant protein.
  • the expression strain is cultivated on LB agar plates containing lOO ⁇ g/ml ampicillin ("Ap") and 30 ⁇ g/ml kanamycin ("Km”) to ensure that pQE60 and pREP4 are maintained.
  • Ap ampicillin
  • Km 30 ⁇ g/ml kanamycin
  • the strain is propagated in LB broth containing the same concentration of antibiotics then mixed with an equal volume of LB broth containing 30% (w/v) glycerol.
  • the growth medium used for the production of recombinant protein consisted of LB broth (Difco) containing lOO ⁇ g/ml Ap and 30 ⁇ g/ml-Km.
  • IPTG Isopropyl ⁇ -D-Thiogalactopyranoside
  • Fermentation A 100-ml erlenmeyer seed flask, containing 10ml working volume, is inoculated with 0.3 ml of rapidly thawed frozen culture, or several colonies from a selective agar plate culture, and incubated for approximately 12 hours at 37 ⁇ 1°C on a shaking platform at 150rpm (Innova 2100, New Brunswick Scientific). This seed culture is then used to inoculate a 500ml working volume erlen containing LB broth and both Ap and Km antibiotics. IPTG (1.0 M stock, prepared in sterile water) is added to the erlen when the culture reached mid-log of growth ⁇ 0.5 O.D.600 units). Cells are induced for 4 hours then harvested by centrifugation using either a 28RS Heraeus (Sepatech) or RC5C superspeed centrifuge (Sorvall Instruments). Cell paste is stored at -20 C until processed.
  • IPTG 1.0 M stock, prepared in sterile water
  • Example 5 Expression and purification of recombinant BASB204 protein in Escherichia coli.
  • Example 1 The construction of the pET-BASB204 cloning/expression vector is described in Example 1. This ' vector harbours the BASB204 gene isolated from the non typeable
  • Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A in fusion with a stretch of 6 Histidine residues, placed under the control of the strong bacteriophage T7 gene 10 promoter.
  • this vector is introduced into the Escherichia coli strain Novablue
  • NaH2PO4, 0.01M Tris, pH 8.0 passed three-times through a needle and clarified by centrifugation (20000rpm, 15 min). The sample is then loaded at a flow-rate of lml/min on a Ni2+ -loaded Hitrap column (Pharmacia Biotech). After passsage of the flowthrough, the column is washed successiveively with 40ml of buffer B (8M Urea, 0.1MNaH2PO4, 0.01M Tris, pH 8.0), 40ml of buffer C (8M Urea, 0.1MNaH2PO4, 0.0 IM Tris, pH 6.3).
  • buffer B 8M Urea, 0.1MNaH2PO4, 0.01M Tris, pH 8.0
  • buffer C 8M Urea, 0.1MNaH2PO4, 0.0 IM Tris, pH 6.3.
  • the recombinant protein BASB204/His6 is then eluted from the column with 30ml of buffer D (8M Urea, 0.1MNaH2PO4, 0.01M Tris, pH 6.3) containing 500mM of imidazole and 3ml-size fractions are collected. Highly enriched BASB204/His6 protein can be eluted from the column. This polypeptide is detected by a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against the 5-histidine motif. Moreover, the denatured, recombinant BASB204-His6 protein is solubilized in a solution devoid of urea.
  • denatured BASB204-His6 contained in 8M urea is extensively dialyzed (2 hours) against buffer R (NaCI 150mM, lOmM NaH2PO4, Arginine 0.5M pH6.8) containing successively 6M, 4M, 2M and no urea.
  • buffer R NaCI 150mM, lOmM NaH2PO4, Arginine 0.5M pH6.8
  • this polypeptide is purified under non-denaturing conditions using protocoles described in the Quiexpresssionist booklet (Qiagen Gmbh).
  • Polyvalent antisera directed against the BASB204 protein are generated by vaccinating rabbits with the purified recombinant BASB204 protein. Polyvalent antisera directed against the B ASB204 protein are also generated by vaccinating mice with the purified recombinant BASB204 protein. Animals are bled prior to the first immunization ("pre-bleed") and after the last immunization.
  • Anti-BASB204 protein titers are measured by an ELISA using purified recombinant BASB204 protein as the coating antigen.
  • the titer is defined as mid-point titers calculated by 4-parameter logistic model using the XL Fit software.
  • the antisera are also used as the first antibody to identify the protein in a western blot as described in example 8 below.
  • Anti-BASB204 protein titres are determined by an ELISA using formalin-killed whole cells of non typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi).
  • NHi non typable Haemophilus influenzae
  • the titer is defined as mid-point titers calculated by 4-parameter logistic model using the XL Fit software.
  • PVDF membranes are incubated with preimmune serum or rabbit or mouse immune serum. PVDF membranes are then washed.
  • PVDF membranes are incubated with biotin-labeled sheep anti-rabbit or mouse Ig.
  • PVDF membranes are then washed 3 times with wash buffer, and incubated with streptavidin-peroxydase. PVDF membranes are then washed 3 times with wash buffer and developed with 4-chloro- 1 -naphtol.
  • Complement-mediated cytotoxic activity of anti-B ASB204 antibodies is examined to determine the vaccine potential of BASB204 protein antiserum that is prepared as described above.
  • the activities ofthe pre-immune serum and the anti-B ASB204 antiserum in mediating complement killing of NTHi are examined.
  • Each test includes a complement control (wells without serum containing active or inactivated complement source), a positive control (wells containing senim with a know titer of bactericidal antibodies), a culture control (wells without serum and complement) and a serum control (wells without complement).
  • Example 11 Efficacy of BASB204 vaccine: enhancement of lung clearance of NTHi in mice. This mouse model is based on the analysis ofthe lung invasion by NTHi following a standard intranasal challenge to vaccinated mice.
  • mice are immunized with BASB204 vaccine. After the booster, the mice are challenged by instillation of bacterial suspension into the nostril under anaesthesia. Mice are killed between 30 minutes and 24 hours after challenge and the lungs are removed aseptically and homogenized individually. The loglO weighted mean number of CFU/lung is determined by counting the colonies grown on agar plates after plating of dilutions ofthe homogenate. The arithmetic mean of the log 10 weighted mean number of CFU/lung and the standard deviations are calculated for each group. Results are analysed statistically. In this experiment groups of mice are immunized either with BASB204 or with a killed whole cells (kwc) preparation of NTHi or sham immunized.
  • kwc killed whole cells
  • Example 12 Inhibition of NTHi adhesion onto cells by anti-BASB204 antiserum.
  • This assay measures the capacity of anti B ASB204 sera to inhibit the adhesion of
  • NTHi bacteria to epithelial cells. This activity could prevent colonization of the nasopharynx by NTHi.
  • One volume of bacteria is incubated on ice with one volume of pre-immune or anti- BASB204 immune serum dilution. This mixture is subsequently added in the wells of a 24 well plate containing a confluent cells culture that is washed once with culture medium to remove traces of antibiotic. The plate is centrifuged and incubated.
  • Example 13 Useful Epitopes
  • the B-cell epitopes of a protein are mainly localized ' at its surface.
  • To predict B-cell epitopes of BASB204 polypeptide two methods were combined: 2D-structure prediction and antigenic index prediction.
  • the 2D-structure prediction was made using the PSIPRED program (from David Jones, Brunei Bioinformatics Group, Dept. Biological Sciences, Brunei University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK) (Fig.5).
  • the antigenic index was calculated on the basis ofthe method described by Jameson and Wolf (CABIOS 4:181-186 [1988]).
  • the parameters used in this program are the antigenic index and the minimum length for an antigenic peptide.
  • Peptides comprising good, potential B-cell epitopes are listed in table 4. These can be useful (preferably conjugated or recombinantly joined to a larger protein) in a vaccine composition for the prevention of ntHi infections, as could similar peptides comprising conservative mutations (preferably 70, 80, 95, 99 or 100%) identical to the sequences of table 4) or truncates comprising 5 or more (e.g. 6, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 20 or 25) amino acids therefrom or extensions comprising e.g.
  • the T-helper cell epitopes are peptides bound to HLA class II molecules and recognized by T-helper cells.
  • the prediction of useful T-helper cell epitopes of B ASB204 polypeptide was based on the TEPITOPE method describe by Sturniolo at al. (Nature Biotech. 17: 555-561 [1999]).
  • Peptides comprising good, potential T-cell epitopes are listed in table 5. These can be useful (preferably conjugated to peptides, polypeptides or polysaccharides) for vaccine purposes, as could similar peptides comprising conservative mutations (preferably 70, 80, 95, 99 or 100%) identical to the sequences below) or truncates comprising 5 or more (e.g.
  • SEQ ID NO:2 All identified regions containing epitopes as defined above are in respect of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the corresponding regions in SEQ ID NO:4b as defined by position in table 4 & 5 with respect to SEQ ID NO:2 and by its corresponding peptide in the alignment of figure 2 for SEQ ID NO: 4b are also preferred peptides ofthe invention as described in this example.
  • sfrain 3 (strain 3224 A) has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) on May 5 2000 and assigned deposit number PTA-1816.
  • the non typeable Haemophilus influenzaejstr& deposit is referred to herein as "the deposited strain” or as "the DNA ofthe deposited strain.”
  • the deposited strain contains a full length BASB204 polynucleotide sequence.
  • sequence ofthe polynucleotides contained in the deposited strain, as well as the amino acid sequence of any polypeptide encoded thereby, are controlling in the event of any conflict with any description of sequences herein.
  • the deposit ofthe deposited strain has been made under the terms ofthe Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition ofthe Deposit of Micro-organisms for Purposes of Patent Procedure.
  • the deposited strain will be irrevocably and without restriction or condition released to the public upon the issuance of a patent.
  • the deposited sfrain is provided merely as convenience to those of skill in the art and is not an admission that a deposit is required for enablement, such as that required under 35 U.S.C. ⁇ 112.
  • a license may be required to make, use or sell the deposited strain, and compounds derived therefrom, and no such license is hereby granted.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides H. influenzae BASB204 polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding BASB204 polypeptides and methods for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques. Also provided are diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic uses.

Description

Novel Compounds
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to polynucleotides, (herein referred to as "BASB204 polynucleotide(s)"), polypeptides encoded by them (referred to herein as "BASB204" or "BASB204 polypeptide(s)"), recombinant materials and methods for their production. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods for using such polypeptides and polynucleotides, including vaccines against bacterial infections. In a further aspect, the invention relates to diagnostic assays for detecting infection of certain pathogens.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Haemophilus influenzae is a non-motile Gram negative bacterium. Man is its only natural host.
H. influenzae isolates are usually classified according to their polysaccharide capsule. Six different capsular types designated a through f have been identified. Isolates that fail to agglutinate with antisera raised against one of these six serotypes are classified as non typeable, and do not express a capsule.
The H. influenzae type b is clearly different from the other types in that it is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and systemic diseases. Non typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) are only occasionally isolated from the blood of patients with systemic disease.
NTHi is a common cause of pneumonia, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media.
Otitis media is an important childhood disease both by the number of cases and its potential sequelae. More than 3.5 millions cases are recorded every year in the United States, and it is estimated that 80 % of children have experienced at least one episode of otitis before reaching the age of 3 (1). Left untreated, or becoming chronic, this disease may lead to hearing loss that can be temporary (in the case of fluid accumulation in the middle ear) or permanent (if the auditive nerve is damaged). In infants, such hearing losses may be responsible for delayed speech learning.
Three bacterial species are primarily isolated from the middle ear of children with otitis media: Streptococcus pneumoniae, NTHi and M. catarrhalis. These are present in 60 to 90 % of cases. A review of recent studies shows that S. pneumoniae and NTHi each represent about 30 %, and catarrhalis about 15 % of otitis media cases (2). Other bacteria can be isolated from the middle ear (H. influenzae type B, S. pyogenes, ...) but at a much lower frequency (2 % ofthe cases or less).
Epidemiological data indicate that, for the pathogens found in the middle ear, the colonization ofthe upper respiratory tract is an absolute prerequisite for the development of an otitis; other factors are however also required to lead to the disease (3-9). These are important to trigger the migration ofthe bacteria into the middle ear via the Eustachian tubes, followed by the initiation of an inflammatory process. These other factors are unknown todate. It has been postulated that a transient anomaly of the immune system following a viral infection, for example, could cause an inability to control the colonization ofthe respiratory tract (5). An alternative explanation is that the exposure to environmental factors allows a more important colonization of some children, who subsequently become susceptible to the development of otitis media because ofthe sustained presence of middle ear pathogens (2).
Various proteins of H. influenzae have been shown to be involved in pathogenesis or have been shown to confer protection upon vaccination in animal models.
Adherence of NTΗi to human nasopharygeal epithelial cells has been reported (10). Apart from fimbriae and pili (11-15), many adhesins have been identified in NTΗi. Among them, two surface exposed high-molecular- weight proteins designated ΗMW1 and ΗMW2 have been shown to mediate adhesion of NTHi to epithelial cells (16). Another family of high molecular weight proteins has been identified in NTHi strains that lack proteins belonging to HMW1/HMW2 family. The NTHi 115 kDa Hia protein (17) is highly similar to the Hsf adhesin expressed by H influenzae type b strains (18). Another protein, the Hap protein shows similarity to IgAl serine proteases and has been shown to be involved in both adhesion and cell entry (19).
Five major outer membrane proteins (OMP) have been identified and numerically numbered.
Original studies using H.influenzae type b strains showed that antibodies specific for PI and P2 protected infant rats from subsequent challenge (20-21). P2 was found to be able to induce bactericidal and opsonic antibodies, which are directed against the variable regions present within surface exposed loop structures of this integral OMP (22-23). The lipoprotein P4 also could induce bactericidal antibodies (24).
P6 is a conserved peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein making up 1-5 % ofthe outer membrane (25). Later a lipoprotein of about the same mol. wt. was recognized, called PCP (P6 crossreactive protein) (26). A mixture ofthe conserved lipoproteins P4, P6 and PCP did not reveal protection as measured in a chinchilla otitis-media model (27). P6 alone appears to induce protection in the chinchilla model (28).
P5 has sequence homology to the integral Escherichia coli OmpA (29-30). P5 appears to undergo antigenic drift during persistent infections with NTHi (31).
However, conserved regions of this protein induced protection in the chinchilla model of otitis media.
In line with the observations made with gonococci and meningococci, NTHi expresses a dual human transferrin receptor composed of TbpA and TbpB when grown under iron limitation. Anti-TbpB protected infant rats. (32). Hemoglobin / haptoglobin receptors have also been described for NTHi (33). A receptor for Haem: Hemopexin has also been identified (34). A lactoferrin receptor is also present in NTHi, but is not yet characterized (35).
A 80kDa OMP, the D15 surface antigen, provides protection against NTHi in a mouse challenge model. (36). A 42kDa outer membrane lipoprotein,LPD is conserved amongst Haemophilus influenzae and induces bactericidal antibodies (37). A minor 98kDa OMP (38), was found to be a protective antigen, this OMP may very well be one ofthe Fe-limitation inducible OMPs or high molecular weight adhesins that have been characterized. H. influenzae produces IgAl -protease activity (39). IgAl- proteases of NTΗi reveals a high degree of antigenic variability (40). Another OMP of NTΗi, OMP26, a 26-kDa protein has been shown to enhance pulmonary clearance in a rat model (41). The NTΗi ΗtrA protein has also been shown to be a protective antigen. Indeed, this protein protected Chinchilla against otitis media and protected infant rats against H. influenzae type b bacteremia (42)
Background References
1. Klein, JO (1994) Clin.Inf.Dis 19:823
2. Murphy, TF (1996) Microbiol.Rev. 60:267
3. Dickinson, DP et al. (1988) J. InfectDis. 158:205 4. Faden, ΗL et al. (1991) Ann.Otorhinol.Laryngol. 100:612
5. Faden, ΗL et al (1994) J. InfectDis. 169:1312
6. Leach, AJ et al. (1994) Pediatr.Infect.Dis.J. 13:983
7. Prellner, KP et al. (1984) Acta Otolaryngol. 98:343
8. Stenfors, L-E and Raisanen, S. (1992) J.Infect.Dis. 165:1148 9. Stenfors, L-E and Raisanen, S. (1994) Acta Otolaryngol. 113: 191
10. Read, RC. et al. (1991) J. Infect. Dis. 163:549
11. Brinton, CC. et al. (1989) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 8:S54
12. Kar, S. et al. (1990) Infect. Immun. 58:903
13. Gildorf, JR. et al. (1992) Infect. Immun. 60:374 14. St. Geme, JW et al. (1991) Infect. Immun. 59:3366
15. St. Geme, JW et al. (1993) Infect. Immun. 61: 2233
16. St. Geme, JW. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:2875
17. Barenkamp, SJ. et JW St Geme (1996) Mol. Microbiol. (In press)
18. St. Geme, JW. et al. (1996) J. Bact 178:6281 19. St. Geme, JW. et al. (1994) Mol. Microbiol. 14:217
20. Loeb, MR. et al. (1987) Infect. Immun. 55:2612
21. Musson, RS. Jr. et al. (1983) J. Clin. Invest. 72:677 22. Haase, EM. et al. (1994) Infect. Immun. 62:3712
23. Troelstra, A. et al. (1994) Infect. Immun. 62:779
24. Green, BA. et al. (1991) Infect.Immun.59:3191
25. Nelson, MB. et al. (1991) Infect. Immun. 59:2658 26. Deich, RM. et al. (1990) Infect. Immun. 58:3388
27. Green, BA. et al. (1993) Infect.immun. 61:1950
28. Demaria, TF. et al. (1996) Infect. Immun. 64:5187
29. Miyamoto, N., Bakaletz, LO (1996) Microb. Pathog. 21:343
30. Munson, RS.j.r. et al. (1993) Infect. Immun. 61: 1017 31. Duim, B. et al. (1997) Infect. Immun. 65:1351
32. Loosmore, SM. et al(1996) Mol.Microbiol. 19:575
33. Maciver, I. et al. (1996) Infect. Immun. 64:3703
34. Cope, LD. et al. (1994) Mol.Microbiol. 13:868
35. Schryvers, AB. et al. (1989) J. Med. Microbiol. 29:121 36. Flack, FS. et al. (1995) Gene 156:97
37. Akkoyunlu, M. et al. (1996) Infect. Immun. 64:4586
38. Kimura, A. et al. (1985) Infect. Immun. 47:253
39. Mulks, MH. et Shoberg, RJ (1994) Meth. Enzymol. 235:543
40. Lomholt, H. Alphen, Lv, Kilian, M. (1993) Infect. Immun. 61:4575 41. Kyd, J.M. and Cripps, A.W. (1998) Infect. Immun. 66:2272
42. Loosmore, S.M. et al. (1998) Infect. Immun. 66:899
The frequency of NTHi infections has risen dramatically in the past few decades. This phenomenon has created an unmet medical need for new anti-microbial agents, vaccines, drug screening methods and diagnostic tests for this organism. The present invention aims to meet that need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to BASB204, in particular BASB204 polypeptides and BASB204 polynucleotides, recombinant materials and methods for their production. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods for using such polypeptides and polynucleotides, including prevention and treatment of microbial diseases, amongst others. In a further aspect, the invention relates to diagnostic assays for detecting diseases associated with microbial infections and conditions associated with such infections, such as assays for detecting expression or activity of BASB204 polynucleotides or polypeptides.
Various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope ofthe disclosed invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from reading the following descriptions and from reading the other parts ofthe present disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to BASB204 polypeptides and polynucleotides as described in greater detail below. In particular, the invention relates to polypeptides and polynucleotides of BASB204 of non typeable H. influenzae, which is related by amino acid sequence homology to Shigella flexneri outer membrane protein VirG protein. The BASB204 polypeptide has some characteristics of an autotransporter protein. It could thus be exposed at the surface ofthe bacterium and be involved in virulence, as other autotransporter proteins (I. R. Henderson and J. P. Nataro, 2001, Infection and Immunity, Mar; 1231-1243). BASB204 is a phase variable gene. A tandem repeats of AAGC is located after the start codon. The gene is out-of-frame or in-frame depending on the number of repeats. Phase variation is a well identified phenomenon which occurs in some bacterial genes ( Peak I.R. et al, 1996, FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 137: 109). By this phenomenon, expression of a gene may be regulated by the gain or loss of a number of repeats of a motif of one or several nucleotides; depending on the number of repeats, the translation ofthe polynucleotide can produce a full length polypeptide, or can abort due to a premature stop codon encountered in the translation ofthe gene.
The invention relates especially to BASB204 polynucleotides and encoded polypeptides from differents strains as listed in table A. Those polynucleotides and encoded polypeptides have the nucleotide and amino acid sequences set out in SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO:36 as described in table A. Table A
It is understood that sequences recited in the Sequence Listing below as "DNA" represent an exemplification of one embodiment ofthe invention, since those of ordinary skill will recognize that such sequences can be usefully employed in polynucleotides in general, including ribopolynucleotides. The sequences ofthe BASB204 polynucleotides are set out in SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35. SEQ Group 1 refers herein to any one of the polynucleotides set out in SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 21, 29, 31, 33 or 35.
The sequences ofthe BASB204 encoded polypeptides are set out in SEQ ID NO:2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 35, 36a, 36b. SEQ Group 2 refers herein to any one of the encoded polypeptides set out in SEQ ID NO:2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 ,32, 34, 36a or 36b.
Polypeptides In one aspect ofthe invention there are provided polypeptides of non typeable H. influenzae referred to herein as "BASB204" and "BASB204 polypeptides" as well as biologically, diagnostically, prophylactically, clinically or therapeutically useful variants thereof, and compositions comprising the same.
The present invention further provides for:
(a) an isolated polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence which has at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, most preferably at least 97-99% or exact identity, to that of any sequence of SEQ Group 2; (b) a polypeptide encoded by an isolated polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence which has at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, even more preferably at least 97-99% or exact identity to any sequence of SEQ Group 1 over the entire length ofthe selected sequence of SEQ Group 1 ; or (c) a polypeptide encoded by an isolated polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide which has at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90%) identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, even more preferably at least 97- 99°Xo or exact identity, to the amino acid sequence of any sequence of SEQ Group 2. (d) any ofthe (a), (b) or (c) polypeptides, comprising an N terminal end ofthe general formula MKLE(ASKQ)x, where ( )x means x tandem repeats of what is inside the parenthesis, which will arise from the translation of any polynucleotide of SEQ Group: 1 , where a variable, but multiple of 3, number ofthe tetranucleotide repeat AAGC are present, starting after position 10 in any sequence of SEQ Group 1.
The BASB204 polypeptides provided in SEQ Group 2 are the BASB204 polypeptides from non typeable H. influenzae strains as listed in table A.
The invention also provides an immunogenic fragment of a BASB204 polypeptide, that is, a contiguous portion ofthe BASB204 polypeptide which has the same or substantially the same immunogenic activity as the polypeptide comprising the corresponding amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 ; That is to say, the fragment (if necessary when coupled to a carrier) is capable of raising an immune response which recognises the BASB204 polypeptide. Such an immunogenic fragment may include, for example, the BASB204 polypeptide lacking an N-terminal leader sequence, and/or a transmembrane domain and/or a C-terminal anchor domain. In a preferred aspect the immunogenic fragment of BASB204 according to the invention comprises substantially all ofthe extracellular domain of a polypeptide which has at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, most preferably at least 97-99% identity, to that a sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 over the entire length of said sequence.
A fragment is a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is entirely the same as part but not all of any amino acid sequence of any polypeptide ofthe invention. As with BASB204 polypeptides, fragments may be "free-standing," or comprised within a larger polypeptide of which they form a part or region, most preferably as a single continuous region in a single larger polypeptide. Preferred fragments include, for example, truncation polypeptides having a portion of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 or of variants thereof, such as a continuous series of residues that includes an amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence. Degradation forms of the polypeptides of the invention produced by or in a host cell, are also preferred. Further preferred are fragments characterized by structural or functional attributes such as fragments that comprise alpha-helix and alpha-helix forming regions, beta-sheet and beta-sheet-forming regions, turn and' turn-forming regions, coil and coil-forming regions, hydrophilic regions, hydrophobic regions, alpha amphipathic regions, beta amphipathic regions, flexible regions, surface-forming regions, substrate binding region, and high antigenic index regions.
Further preferred fragments include an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100 contiguous amino acids from an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 or an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100 contiguous amino acids truncated or deleted from an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 .
A particularly preferred fragment is that ofthe passenger domain of VirG. VirG is related by sequence homology to the family of autotransporter proteins. The autotranporter proteins have a general structure comprising an amino-terminal leader peptide cleaved during the crossing ofthe inner membrane, the secreted mature protein or passenger domain and a dedicated C-terminal domain, which forms a pore in the outer membrane through which the passenger domain passes to the cell surface (Henderson I.R. and Nataro J.P., Infection and Immunity, 2001, Mar: 1231-1243). The predicted passenger domain of BASB204 polypeptide is set out in SEQ ID NO: 44 (and domains at the same corresponding primary sequence position within any ofthe SEQ Group 2 polypeptides). This domain is likely to be useful (either by itself or conjugated to peptides, polypeptides or polysaccharides) for vaccine purposes. Further embodiments are truncates, conjugates and recombinant fusions (as described herein) ofthe domain, and of similar polypeptide sequences comprising conservative mutations (preferably 70, 80, 95, 99 or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO:44) which preserve the immunological activity/function ofthe BASB204 protein or the native passenger domain.
Still further preferred fragments are those which comprise a B-cell or T-helper epitope, for example those fragments/peptides described in Example 13.
Fragments ofthe polypeptides ofthe invention may be employed for producing the corresponding full-length polypeptide by peptide synthesis; therefore, these fragments may be employed as intermediates for producing the full-length polypeptides ofthe invention.
Particularly preferred are variants in which several, 5-10, 1-5, 1-3, 1-2 or 1 amino acids are substituted, deleted, or added in any combination.
The polypeptides, or immunogenic fragments, ofthe invention may be in the form of the "mature" protein or may be a part of a larger protein such as a precursor or a fusion protein. It is often advantageous to include an additional amino acid sequence which contains secretory or leader sequences, pro-sequences, sequences which aid in purification such as multiple histidine residues, or an additional sequence for stability during recombinant production. Furthermore, addition of exogenous polypeptide or lipid tail or polynucleotide sequences to increase the immunogenic potential ofthe final molecule is also considered.
In one aspect, the invention relates to genetically engineered soluble fusion proteins comprising a polypeptide ofthe present invention, or a fragment thereof, and various portions ofthe constant regions of heavy or light chains of immunoglobulins of various subclasses (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE). Preferred as an immunoglobulin is the constant part ofthe heavy chain of human IgG, particularly IgGl, where fusion takes place at the hinge region. In a particular embodiment, the Fc part can be removed simply by incorporation of a cleavage sequence which can be cleaved with blood clotting factor Xa. Furthermore, this invention relates to processes for the preparation of these fusion proteins by genetic engineering, and to the use thereof for drug screening, diagnosis and therapy. A further aspect ofthe invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding such fusion proteins. Examples of fusion protein technology can be found in International Patent Application Nos. WO94/29458 and WO94/22914.
The proteins may be chemically conjugated, or expressed as recombinant fusion proteins allowing increased levels to be produced in an expression system as compared to non-fused protein. The fusion partner may assist in providing T helper epitopes (immunological fusion partner), preferably T helper epitopes recognised by humans, or assist in expressing the protein (expression enhancer) at higher yields than the native recombinant protein. Preferably the fusion partner will be both an immunological fusion partner and expression enhancing partner.
Fusion partners include protein D from Haemophilus influenzas and the non- structural protein from influenza virus, NS1 (hemagglutinin). Another fusion partner is the protein known as Omp26 (WO 97/01638). Another fusion partner is the protein known as LytA. Preferably the C terminal portion ofthe molecule is used. LytA is derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae which synthesize an N-acetyl-L- alanine amidase, amidase LytA, (coded by the lytA gene {Gene, 43 (1986) page 265- 272}) an autolysin that specifically degrades certain bonds in the peptidoglycan backbone. The C-terminal domain ofthe LytA protein is responsible for the affinity to the choline or to some choline analogues such as DEAE. This property has been exploited for the development of E. coli C-LytA expressing plasmids useful for expression of fusion proteins. Purification of hybrid proteins containing the C-LytA fragment at its amino terminus has been described {Biotechnology: 10, (1992) page 795-798}. It is possible to use the repeat portion ofthe LytA molecule found in the C terminal end starting at residue 178, for example residues 188 - 305.
The present invention also includes variants ofthe aforementioned polypeptides, that is polypeptides that vary from the referents by conservative amino acid substitutions, whereby a residue is substituted by another with like characteristics. Typical such substitutions are among Ala, Val, Leu and He; among Ser and Thr; among the acidic residues Asp and Glu; among Asn and Gin; and among the basic residues Lys and Arg; or aromatic residues Phe and Tyr.
Polypeptides ofthe present invention can be prepared in any suitable manner. Such polypeptides include isolated naturally occurring polypeptides, recombinantly produced polypeptides, synthetically produced polypeptides, or polypeptides produced by a combination of these methods. Means for preparing such polypeptides are well understood in the art.
It is most preferred that a polypeptide ofthe invention is derived from non typeable H. influenzae, however, it may preferably be obtained from other organisms ofthe same taxonomic genus. A polypeptide ofthe invention may also be obtained, for example, from organisms ofthe same taxonomic family or order.
Polynucleotides
It is an object ofthe invention to provide polynucleotides that encode BASB204 polypeptides, particularly polynucleotides that encode the polypeptides herein designated BASB204.
In a particularly preferred embodiment ofthe invention the polynucleotides comprise a region encoding BASB204 polypeptides comprising sequences set out in SEQ Group 1 which include full length gene, or a variant thereof.
The BASB204 polynucleotides provided in SEQ Group 1 are the BASB204 polypeptides from non typeable H. influenzae strains as listed in table A.
As a further aspect ofthe invention there are provided isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding and/or expressing BASB204 polypeptides and polynucleotides, particularly non typeable H. influenzae BASB204 polypeptides and polynucleotides, including, for example, unprocessed RNAs, ribozyme RNAs, mRNAs, cDNAs, genomic DNAs, B- and Z-DNAs. Further embodiments ofthe invention include biologically, diagnostically, prophylactically, clinically or therapeutically useful polynucleotides and polypeptides, and variants thereof, and compositions comprising the same.
Another aspect ofthe invention relates to isolated polynucleotides, including at least one full length gene, that encodes a BASB204 polypeptide having a deduced amino acid sequence of SEQ Group 2 and polynucleotides closely related thereto and variants thereof.
In another particularly preferred embodiment ofthe invention relates to BASB204 polypeptide from non typeable H. influenzae comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 or a variant thereof.
Using the information provided herein, such as a polynucleotide sequences set out in SEQ Group 1 , a polynucleotide ofthe invention encoding BASB204 polypeptides may be obtained using standard cloning and screening methods, such as those for cloning and sequencing chromosomal DNA fragments from bacteria using non typeable H. influenzae strain3224A cells as starting material, followed by obtaining a full length clone. For example, to obtain a polynucleotide sequence ofthe invention, such as a polynucleotide sequence given in SEQ Group 1, typically a library of clones of chromosomal DNA of non typeable H. influenzae strain 3224 A in E.coli or some other suitable host is probed with a radiolabeled oligonucleotide, preferably a 17-mer or longer, derived from a partial sequence. Clones carrying DNA identical to that ofthe probe can then be distinguished using stringent hybridization conditions. By sequencing the individual clones thus identified by hybridization with sequencing primers designed from the original polypeptide or polynucleotide sequence it is then possible to extend the polynucleotide sequence in both directions to determine a full length gene sequence. Conveniently, such sequencing is performed, for example, using denatured double stranded DNA prepared from a plasmid clone. Suitable techniques are described by Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F. and Sambrook et al.,
MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed.; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York (1989). (see in particular Screening By Hybridization 1.90 and Sequencing Denatured Double-Stranded DNA Templates 13.70). Direct genomic DNA sequencing may also be performed to obtain a full length gene sequence. Illustrative ofthe invention, each polynucleotide set out in SEQ Group 1 was discovered in a DNA library derived from non typeable H. influenzae.
Moreover, each DNA sequence set out in SEQ Group 1 contains an open reading frame encoding a protein having about the number of amino acid residues set forth in SEQ Group 2 with a deduced molecular weight that can be calculated using amino acid residue molecular weight values well known to those skilled in the art.
The polynucleotides of SEQ Group 1, between the start codon and the stop codon, encode respectively the polypeptides of SEQ Group 2. The nucleotide number of start codon and first nucleotide of stop codon are listed in table B for each polynucleotide of SEQ Group 1.
Table B
* first nucleotide of coding sequence if the gene would be in-frame. ** first nucleotide of last coding codon of partial gene.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides for an isolated polynucleotide comprising or consisting of:
(a) a polynucleotide sequence which has at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90%) identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, even more preferably at least 97-99% or exact identity, to any polynucleotide sequence from SEQ Group 1 over the entire length ofthe polynucleotide sequence from SEQ Group 1; or
(b) a polynucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide which has at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, even more preferably at least 91-99% or 100%) exact identity, to any amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 , over the entire length ofthe amino acid sequence from SEQ Group 2.
0A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide ofthe present invention, including homologs and orthologs from species other than non typeable H. influenzae, may be obtained by a process which comprises the steps of screening an appropriate library under stringent hybridization conditions (for example, using a temperature in the range of 45 - 65°C and an SDS concentration from 0.1 - 1%) with a labeled or detectable probe consisting of or comprising any sequence selected from SEQ Group 1 or a fragment thereof; and isolating a full-length gene and/or genomic clones containing said polynucleotide sequence. The invention provides a polynucleotide sequence identical over its entire length to a coding sequence (open reading frame) set out in SEQ Group 1. Also provided by the invention is a coding sequence for a mature polypeptide or a fragment thereof, by itself as well as a coding sequence for a mature polypeptide or a fragment in reading frame with another coding sequence, such as a sequence encoding a leader or secretory sequence, a pre-, or pro- or prepro-protein sequence. The polynucleotide ofthe invention may also contain at least one non-coding sequence, including for example, but not limited to at least one non-coding 5' and 3' sequence, such as the transcribed but non-translated sequences, termination signals (such as rho-dependent and rho-independent termination signals), ribosome binding sites, Kozak sequences, sequences that stabilize mRNA, introns, and polyadenylation signals. The polynucleotide sequence may also comprise additional coding sequence encoding additional amino acids. For example, a marker sequence that facilitates purification ofthe fused polypeptide can be encoded. In certain embodiments ofthe invention, the marker sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, as provided in the pQE vector (Qiagen, Inc.) and described in Gentz et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 86: 821-824 (1989), or an HA peptide tag (Wilson et al, Cell 37: 161 (1984), both of which may be useful in purifying polypeptide sequence fused to them. Polynucleotides ofthe invention also include, but are not limited to, polynucleotides comprising a structural gene and its naturally associated sequences that control gene expression.
The nucleotide sequence encoding the BASB204 polypeptide of SEQ Group 2 may be identical to the corresponding polynucleotide encoding sequence of SEQ Group 1. The position ofthe first and last nucleotides ofthe encoding sequences of SEQ Goup 1 are listed in table C. Alternatively it may be any sequence, which as a result ofthe redundancy (degeneracy) ofthe genetic code, also encodes a polypeptide of SEQ Group 2. Table C
* first nucleotide of coding sequence if the gene is in-frame ** last coding nucleotide of partial gene
The term "polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide" as used herein encompasses polynucleotides that include a sequence encoding a polypeptide ofthe invention, particularly a bacterial polypeptide and more particularly a polypeptide ofthe non typeable H. influenzae BASB204 having an amino acid sequence set out in any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 2 . The term also encompasses polynucleotides that include a single continuous region or discontinuous regions encoding the polypeptide (for example, polynucleotides interrupted by integrated phage, an integrated insertion sequence, an integrated vector sequence, an integrated fransposon sequence, or due to RNA editing or genomic DNA reorganization) together with additional regions, that also may contain coding and/or non-coding sequences.
The invention further relates to variants ofthe polynucleotides described herein that encode variants of a polypeptide having a deduced amino acid sequence of any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 2 . Fragments of polynucleotides of the-invention may be used, for example, to synthesize full-length polynucleotides ofthe invention.
Preferred fragments are those polynucleotides which encode a B-cell or T-helper epitope, for example the fragments/peptides described in Example 13, or a passenger domain of VirG (as described above) and recombinant, chimeric genes comprising said polynucleotide fragments.
Further particularly preferred embodiments are polynucleotides encoding BASB204 variants, that have the amino acid sequence of BASB204 polypeptide of any sequence from SEQ Group 2 in which several, a few, 5 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, 2, 1 or no amino acid residues are substituted, modified, deleted and/or added, in any combination. Especially preferred among these are silent substitutions, additions and deletions, that do not alter the properties and activities of BASB204 polypeptide.
Further preferred embodiments ofthe invention are polynucleotides that are at least 85% identical over their entire length to a polynucleotide encoding B ASB204 polypeptide having an amino acid sequence set out in any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 2 , and polynucleotides that are complementary to such polynucleotides. Alternatively, most highly preferred are polynucleotides that comprise a region that is at least 90% identical over its entire length to a polynucleotide encoding B ASB204 polypeptide and polynucleotides complementary thereto. In this regard, polynucleotides at least 95% identical over their entire length to the same are particularly preferred. Furthermore, those with at least 97% are highly preferred among those with at least 95%), and among these those with at least 98% and at least 99% are particularly highly preferred, with at least 99%o being the more preferred. Preferred embodiments are polynucleotides encoding polypeptides that retain substantially the same biological function or activity as the mature polypeptide encoded by a DNA sequence selected from SEQ Group 1.
In accordance with certain preferred embodiments of this invention there are provided polynucleotides that hybridize, particularly under stringent conditions, to BASB204 polynucleotide sequences, such as those polynucleotides of SEQ Group 1.
The invention further relates to polynucleotides that hybridize to the polynucleotide sequences provided herein. In this regard, the invention especially relates to polynucleotides that hybridize under stringent conditions to the polynucleotides described herein. As herein used, the terms "stringent conditions" and "stringent hybridization conditions" mean hybridization occurring only if there is at least 95% and preferably at least 97% identity between the sequences. A specific example of stringent hybridization conditions is overnight incubation at 42°C in a solution comprising: 50%> formamide, 5x SSC (150mM NaCI, 15mM trisodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH7.6), 5x Denhardt's solution, 10% dextran sulfate, and 20 micrograms/ml of denatured, sheared salmon sperm DNA, followed by washing the hybridization support in O.lx SSC at about 65°C. Hybridization and wash conditions are well known and exemplified in Sambrook, et al., Molecular Cloning: A
Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1989), particularly Chapter 11 therein. Solution hybridization may also be used with the polynucleotide sequences provided by the invention.
The invention also provides a polynucleotide consisting of or comprising a polynucleotide sequence obtained by screening an appropriate library containing the complete gene for a polynucleotide sequence set forth in any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 1 under stringent hybridization conditions with a probe having the sequence of said polynucleotide sequence set forth in the corresponding sequence of SEQ Group 1 or a fragment thereof; and isolating said polynucleotide sequence. Fragments useful for obtaining such a polynucleotide include, for example, probes and primers fully described elsewhere herein. As discussed elsewhere herein regarding polynucleotide assays ofthe invention, for instance, the polynucleotides ofthe invention, may be used as a hybridization probe for RNA, cDNA and genomic DNA to isolate full-length cDNAs and genomic clones encoding BASB204 and to isolate cDNA and genomic clones of other genes that have a high identity, particularly high sequence identity, to the BASB204 gene. Such probes generally will comprise at least 15 nucleotide residues or base pairs. Preferably, such probes will have at least 30 nucleotide residues or base pairs and may have at least 50 nucleotide residues or base pairs. Particularly preferred probes will have at least 20 nucleotide residues or base pairs and will have less than 30 nucleotide residues or base pairs.
A coding region of a BASB204 gene may be isolated by screening using a DNA sequence provided in SEQ Group 1 to synthesize an oligonucleotide probe. A labeled oligonucleotide having a sequence complementary to that of a gene of the invention is then used to screen a library of cDNA, genomic DNA or mRNA to determine which members ofthe library the probe hybridizes to.
There are several methods available and well known to those skilled in the art to obtain full-length DNAs, or extend short DNAs, for example those based on the method of Rapid Amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) (see, for example, Frohman, et al, PNAS USA 85: 8998-9002, 1988). Recent modifications ofthe technique, exemplified by the Marathon™ technology (Clontech Laboratories Inc.) for example, have significantly simplified the search for longer cDNAs. In the Marathon™ technology, cDNAs have been prepared from mRNA extracted from a chosen tissue and an 'adaptor' sequence ligated onto each end. Nucleic acid amplification (PCR) is then carried out to amplify the "missing" 5' end ofthe DNA using a combination of gene specific and adaptor specific oligonucleotide primers. The PCR reaction is then repeated using "nested" primers, that is, primers designed to anneal within the amplified product (typically an adaptor specific primer that anneals further 3' in the adaptor sequence and a gene specific primer that anneals further 5' in the selected gene sequence). The products of this reaction can then be analyzed by DNA sequencing and a full-length DNA constructed either by joining the product directly to the existing DNA to give a complete sequence, or carrying out a separate full-length PCR using the new sequence information for the design of the 5' primer.
The polynucleotides and polypeptides ofthe invention may be employed, for example, as research reagents and materials for discovery of treatments of and diagnostics for diseases, particularly human diseases, as further discussed herein relating to polynucleotide assays.
The polynucleotides ofthe invention that are oligonucleotides derived from a sequence of SEQ Group 1 may be used in the processes herein as described, but preferably for PCR, to determine whether or not the polynucleotides identified herein in whole or in part are transcribed in bacteria in infected tissue. It is recognized that such sequences will also have utility in diagnosis of the stage of infection and type of infection the pathogen has attained.
The invention also provides polynucleotides that encode a polypeptide that is the mature protein plus additional amino or carboxyl-terminal amino acids, or amino acids interior to the mature polypeptide (when the mature form has more than one polypeptide chain, for instance). Such sequences may play a role in processing of a protein from precursor to a mature form, may allow protein transport, may lengthen or shorten protein half-life or may facilitate manipulation of a protein for assay or production, among other things. As generally is the case in vivo, the additional amino acids may be processed away from the mature protein by cellular enzymes.
For each and every polynucleotide ofthe invention there is provided a polynucleotide complementary to it. It is preferred that these complementary polynucleotides are fully complementary to each polynucleotide with which they are complementary.
A precursor protein, having a mature form ofthe polypeptide fused to one or more prosequences may be an inactive form ofthe polypeptide. When prosequences are removed such inactive precursors generally are activated. Some or all ofthe prosequences may be removed before activation. Generally, such precursors are called proproteins.
In addition to the standard A, G, C, T/U representations for nucleotides, the term "N" may also be used in describing certain polynucleotides of the invention. "N" means that any ofthe four DNA or RNA nucleotides may appear at such a designated position in the DNA or RNA sequence, except it is preferred that N is not a nucleic acid that when taken in combination with adjacent nucleotide positions, when read in the correct reading frame, would have the effect of generating a premature termination codon in such reading frame.
In sum, a polynucleotide ofthe invention may encode a mature protein, a mature protein plus a leader sequence (which may be referred to as a preprotein), a precursor of a mature protein having one or more prosequences that are not the leader sequences of a preprotein, or a preproprotein, which is a precursor to a proprotein, having a leader sequence and one or more prosequences, which generally are removed during processing steps that produce active and mature forms ofthe polypeptide.
In accordance with an aspect ofthe invention, there is provided the use of a polynucleotide ofthe invention for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, in particular genetic immunization.
The use of a polynucleotide ofthe invention in genetic immunization will preferably employ a suitable delivery method such as direct injection of plasmid DNA into muscles (Wolff et al, Hum Mol Genet (1992) 1: 363, Manthorpe et al, Hum. Gene Ther. (1983) 4: 419), delivery of DNA complexed with specific protein carriers (Wu et al, JBiol Chem. (1989) 264: 16985), coprecipitation of DNA with calcium phosphate (Benvenisty & Reshef, PNAS USA, (1986) 83: 9551), encapsulation of DNA in various forms of liposomes (Kaneda et al, Science (1989) 243: 375), particle bombardment (Tang et al, Nature (1992) 356: 152, Eisenbraun et al, DNA Cell Biol (1993) 12: 791) and in vivo infection using cloned retroviral vectors (Seeger et al, PNAS USA (1984) 81: 5849). Vectors, Host Cells-, Expression Systems
The invention also relates to vectors that comprise a polynucleotide or polynucleotides of the invention, host cells that are genetically engineered with vectors ofthe invention and the production of polypeptides ofthe invention by recombinant techniques. Cell-free translation systems can also be employed to produce such proteins using RNAs derived from the DNA constructs ofthe invention.
Recombinant polypeptides ofthe present invention may be prepared by processes well known in those skilled in the art from genetically engineered host cells comprising expression systems. Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to expression systems that comprise a polynucleotide or polynucleotides ofthe present invention, to host cells which are genetically engineered with such expression systems, and to the production of polypeptides of the invention by recombinant techniques.
For recombinant production ofthe polypeptides ofthe invention, host cells can be genetically engineered to incorporate expression systems or portions thereof or polynucleotides ofthe invention. Introduction of a polynucleotide into the host cell can be effected by methods described in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Davis, et al, BASIC METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, (1986) and Sambrook, et al, MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989), such as, calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, transvection, microinjection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, conjugation, transduction, scrape loading, ballistic introduction and infection.
Representative examples of appropriate hosts include bacterial cells, such as cells of streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, E. coli, streptomyces, cyanobacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis; fungal cells, such as cells of a yeast, Kluveromyces, Saccharomyces, Pichia, a basidiomycete, Candida albicans and Aspergillus; insect cells such as cells of Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9; animal cells such as CHO, COS, HeLa, C127, 3T3, BHK, 293, CV-1 and Bowes melanoma cells; and plant cells, such as cells of a gymnosperm or angiosperm.
A great variety of expression systems can be used to produce the polypeptides of the invention. Such vectors include, among others, chromosomal-, episomal- and virus- derived vectors, for example, vectors derived from bacterial plasmids, from' bacteriophage, from transposons, from yeast episomes, from insertion elements, from yeast chromosomal elements, from viruses such as baculoviruses, papova viruses, such as S V40, vaccinia viruses, adenoviruses, fowl pox viruses, pseudorabies viruses, picomaviruses, retroviruses, and alphaviruses and vectors derived from combinations thereof, such as those derived from plasmid and bacteriophage genetic elements, such as cosmids and phagemids. The expression system constructs may contain control regions that regulate as well as engender expression. Generally, any system or vector suitable to maintain, propagate or express polynucleotides and/or to express a polypeptide in a host may be used for expression in this regard. The appropriate DNA sequence may be inserted into the expression system by any of a variety of well-known and routine techniques, such as, for example, those set forth in Sambrook et al, MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, {supra).
In recombinant expression systems in eukaryotes, for secretion of a translated protein into the lumen ofthe endoplasmic reticulum, into the periplasmic space or into the extracellular environment, appropriate secretion signals may be incorporated into the expressed polypeptide. These signals may be endogenous to the polypeptide or they may be heterologous signals.
Polypeptides of the present invention can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography ana ectin chromatography. Most preferably, ion metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is employed for purification. Well known techniques for refolding proteins may be employed to regenerate active conformation when the polypeptide is denatured during intracellular synthesis, isolation and or purification.
The expression system may also be a recombinant live microorganism, such as a virus or bacterium. The gene of interest can be inserted into the genome of a live recombinant virus or bacterium. Inoculation and in vivo infection with this live vector will lead to in vivo expression of the antigen and induction of immune responses. Viruses and bacteria used for this purpose are for instance: poxviruses (e.g; vaccinia, fowlpox, canarypox), alphaviruses (Sindbis virus, Semliki Forest Virus, Venezuelian Equine Encephalitis Virus), adenoviruses, adeno-associated virus, picomaviruses (poliovirus, rhinovirus), herpesviruses (varicella zoster virus, etc), Listeria, Salmonella , Shigella, BCG, streptococci. These viruses and bacteria can be virulent, or attenuated in various ways in order to obtain live vaccines. Such live vaccines also form part ofthe invention.
Diagnostic., Prognostic, Serotyping and Mutation Assays
This invention is also related to the use of BASB204 polynucleotides and polypeptides of the invention for use as diagnostic reagents. Detection of BASB204 polynucleotides and/or polypeptides in a eukaryote, particularly a mammal, and especially a human, will provide a diagnostic method for diagnosis of disease, staging of disease or response of an infectious organism to drugs. Eukaryotes, particularly mammals, and especially humans, particularly those infected or suspected to be infected with an organism comprising the BASB204 gene or protein, may be detected at the nucleic acid or amino acid level by a variety of well known techniques as well as by methods provided herein.
Polypeptides and polynucleotides for prognosis, diagnosis or other analysis may be obtained from a putatively infected and/or infected individual's bodily materials. Polynucleotides from any of these sources, particularly DNA or RNA, may be used directly for detection or may be amplified enzymatically by using PCR or any other amplification technique prior to analysis. RNA, particularly mRNA, cDNA and genomic DNA may also be used in the same ways. Using amplification, characterization ofthe species and strain of infectious or resident organism present in an individual, may be made by an analysis ofthe genotype of a selected polynucleotide ofthe organism. Deletions and insertions can be detected by a change in size ofthe amplified product in comparison to a genotype of a reference sequence selected from a related organism, preferably a different species ofthe same genus or a different strain ofthe same species. Point mutations can be identified by hybridizing amplified DNA to labeled BASB204 polynucleotide sequences. Perfectly or significantly matched sequences can be distinguished from imperfectly or more significantly mismatched duplexes by DNase or RNase digestion, for DNA or RNA respectively, or by detecting differences in melting temperatures or renaturation kinetics. Polynucleotide sequence differences may also be detected by alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of polynucleotide fragments in gels as compared to a reference sequence. This may be carried out with or without denaturing agents. Polynucleotide differences may also be detected by direct DNA or RNA sequencing. See, for example, Myers et al, Science, 230: 1242 (1985). Sequence changes at specific locations also may be revealed by nuclease protection assays, such as RNase, VI and SI protection assay or a chemical cleavage method. See, for example, Cotton et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, 85: 4397-4401 (1985).
In another embodiment, an array of oligonucleotides probes comprising BASB204 nucleotide sequence or fragments thereof can be constructed to conduct efficient screening of, for example, genetic mutations, serotype, taxonomic classification or identification. Array technology methods are well known and have general applicability and can be used to address a variety of questions in molecular genetics including gene expression, genetic linkage, and genetic variability (see, for example, Chee et al, Science, 274: 610 (1996)).
Thus in another aspect, the present invention relates to a diagnostic kit which comprises:
(a) a polynucleotide ofthe present invention, preferably any ofthe nucleotide sequences of SEQ Group 1, or a fragment thereof ;
(b) a nucleotide sequence complementary to that of (a); (c) a polypeptide ofthe present invention, preferably any ofthe polypeptides of SEQ Group 2 or a fragment thereof; or
(d) an antibody to a polypeptide of the present invention, preferably to any ofthe polypeptides of SEQ Group 2 .
It will be appreciated that in any such kit, (a), (b), (c) or (d) may comprise a substantial component. Such a kit will be of use in diagnosing a disease or susceptibility to a Disease, among others.
This invention also relates to the use of polynucleotides ofthe present invention as diagnostic reagents. Detection of a mutated form of a polynucleotide ofthe invention, preferably any sequence of SEQ Group 1 , which is associated with a disease or pathogenicity will provide a diagnostic tool that can add to, or define, a diagnosis of a disease, a prognosis of a course of disease, a determination of a stage of disease, or a susceptibility to a disease, which results from under-expression, over-expression or altered expression ofthe polynucleotide. Organisms, particularly infectious organisms, carrying mutations in such polynucleotide may be detected at the polynucleotide level by a variety of techniques, such as those described elsewhere herein.
Cells from an organism carrying mutations or polymorphisms (allelic variations) in a polynucleotide and/or polypeptide ofthe invention may also be detected at the polynucleotide or polypeptide level by a variety of techniques, to allow for serotyping, for example. For example, RT-PCR can be used to detect mutations in the RNA. It is particularly preferred to use RT-PCR in conjunction with automated detection systems, such as, for example, GeneScan. RNA, cDNA or genomic DNA may also be used for the same purpose, PCR. As an example, PCR primers complementary to a polynucleotide encoding BASB204 polypeptide can be used to identify and analyze mutations.
The invention further provides primers with 1, 2, 3 or 4 nucleotides removed from the 5' and/or the 3' end. These primers may be used for, among other things, amplifying
BASB204 DNA and/or RNA isolated from a sample derived from an individual, such as a bodily material. The primers may be used to amplify a polynucleotide isolated from an infected individual, such that the polynucleotide may then be subject to various techniques for elucidation ofthe polynucleotide sequence. In this way, mutations in the polynucleotide sequence may be detected and used to diagnose and/or prognose the infection or its stage or course, or to serotype and/or classify the infectious agent.
The invention further provides a process for diagnosing, disease, preferably bacterial infections, more preferably infections caused by non typeable H. influenzae, comprising determining from a sample derived from an individual, such as a bodily material, an increased level of expression of polynucleotide having a sequence of any ofthe sequences of SEQ Group 1. Increased or decreased expression of BASB204 polynucleotide can be measured using any on of the methods well known in the art for the quantitation of polynucleotides, such as, for example, amplification, PCR, RT- PCR, RNase protection, Northern blotting, spectrometry and other hybridization methods.
In addition, a diagnostic assay in accordance with the invention for detecting over- expression of BASB204 polypeptide compared to normal control tissue samples may be used to detect the presence of an infection, for example. Assay techniques that can be used to determine levels of BASB204 polypeptide, in a sample derived from a host, such as a bodily material, are well-known to those of skill in the art. Such assay methods include radioimmunoassays, competitive-binding assays, Western Blot analysis, antibody sandwich assays, antibody detection and ELISA assays.
The polynucleotides ofthe invention may be used as components of polynucleotide arrays, preferably high density arrays or grids. These high density arrays are particularly useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. For example, a set of spots each comprising a different gene, and further comprising a polynucleotide or polynucleotides ofthe invention, may be used for probing, such as using hybridization or nucleic acid amplification, using a probes obtained or derived from a bodily sample, to determine the presence of a particular polynucleotide sequence or related sequence in an individual. Such a presence may indicate the presence of a pathogen, particularly non-typeable H. influenzae, and may be useful in diagnosing and/or prognosing disease or a course of disease. A grid comprising a number of variants of any polynucleotide sequence of SEQ Group 1 is preferred. Also preferred is a number of variants of a polynucleotide sequence encoding any polypeptide sequence of SEQ Group 2 .
Antibodies
The polypeptides and polynucleotides ofthe invention or variants thereof, or cells expressing the same can be used as immunogens to produce antibodies immunospecific for such polypeptides or polynucleotides respectively. Alternatively, mimotopes, particularly peptide mimotopes, of epitopes within the polypeptide sequence may also be used as immunogens to produce antibodies immunospecific for the polypeptide ofthe invention. The term "immunospecific" means that the antibodies have substantially greater affinity for the polypeptides ofthe invention than their affinity for other related polypeptides in the prior art.
In certain preferred embodiments ofthe invention there are provided antibodies against BASB204 polypeptides or polynucleotides.
Antibodies generated against the polypeptides or polynucleotides ofthe invention can be obtained by administering the polypeptides and/or polynucleotides ofthe invention, or epitope-bearing fragments of either or both, analogues of either or both, or cells expressing either or both, to an animal, preferably a nonhuman, using routine protocols. For preparation of monoclonal antibodies, any technique known in the art that provides antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. Examples include various techniques, such as those in Kohler, G. and Milstein, C, Nature 256: 495-497 (1975); Kozbor et al, Immunology Today 4: 72 (1983); Cole et al, pg. 77-96 in MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND CANCER THERAPY, Alan R. Liss, Inc. (1985).
Techniques for the production of single chain antibodies (U.S. Patent No. 4,946,778) can be adapted to produce single chain antibodies to polypeptides or polynucleotides of this invention. Also, transgenic mice, or other organisms or animals, such as other mammals, may be used to express humanized antibodies immunospecific to the polypeptides or polynucleotides ofthe invention.
Alternatively, phage display technology may be utilized to select antibody genes with binding activities towards a polypeptide ofthe invention either from repertoires of PCR amplified v-genes of lymphocytes from humans screened for possessing anti- BASB204 or from naive libraries (McCafferty, et al, (1990), Nature 348,' 552-554; Marks, et al, (1992) Biotechnology 10, 779-783). The affinity of these antibodies can also be improved by, for example, chain shuffling (Clackson et al, (1991) Nature 352: 628).
The above-described antibodies may be employed to isolate or to identify clones expressing the polypeptides or polynucleotides ofthe invention to purify the polypeptides or polynucleotides by, for example, affinity chromatography.
Thus, among others, antibodies against BASB204 polypeptide or BASB204 polynucleotide may be employed to treat infections, particularly bacterial infections.
Polypeptide variants include antigenically, epitopically or immunologically equivalent variants form a particular aspect of this invention.
Preferably, the antibody or variant thereof is modified to make it less immunogenic in the individual. For example, if the individual is human the antibody may most preferably be "humanized," where the complimentarity determining region or regions of the hybridoma-derived antibody has been transplanted into a human monoclonal antibody, for example as described in Jones et al. (1986), Nature 321, 522-525 or Tempest et al, (1991) Biotechnology 9, 266-273.
Antagonists and Agonists - Assays and Molecules
Polypeptides and polynucleotides ofthe invention may-also be used to assess the binding of small molecule substrates and ligands in, for example, cells, cell-free preparations, chemical libraries, and natural product mixtures. These substrates and ligands may be natural substrates and ligands or may be structural or functional mimetics. See, e.g., Coligan et al, Current Protocols in Immunology 1(2): Chapter 5 (1991).
The screening methods may simply measure the binding of a candidate compound to the polypeptide or polynucleotide, or to cells or membranes bearing the polypeptide or polynucleotide, or a fusion protein ofthe polypeptide by means of a label directly or indirectly associated with the candidate compound. Alternatively, the screening method may involve competition with a labeled competitor. Further, these screening methods may test whether the candidate compound results in a signal generated by activation or inhibition ofthe polypeptide or polynucleotide, using detection systems appropriate to the cells comprising the polypeptide or polynucleotide. Inhibitors of activation are generally assayed in the presence of a known agonist and the effect on activation by the agonist by the presence ofthe candidate compound is observed. Constitutively active polypeptide and/or constitutively expressed polypeptides and polynucleotides may be employed in screening methods for inverse agonists or inhibitors, in the absence of an agonist or inhibitor, by testing whether the candidate compound results in inhibition of activation ofthe polypeptide or polynucleotide, as the case may be. Further, the screening methods may simply comprise the steps of mixing a candidate compound with a solution containing a polypeptide or polynucleotide ofthe present invention, to form a mixture, measuring BASB204 polypeptide and/or polynucleotide activity in the mixture, and comparing the BASB204 polypeptide and/or polynucleotide activity ofthe mixture to a standard. Fusion proteins, such as those made from Fc portion and BASB204 polypeptide, as hereinbefore described, can also be used for high-throughput screening assays to identify antagonists ofthe polypeptide ofthe present invention, as well as of phylogenetically and and/or functionally related polypeptides (see D. Bennett et al, J Mol Recognition, 8:52-58 (1995); and K. Johanson et al., J Biol Chem, 270(16):9459-9471 (1995)).
The polynucleotides, polypeptides and antibodies thatbind to and/or interact with a polypeptide ofthe present invention may also be used to configure screening methods for detecting the effect of added compounds on the production of mRNA and/or polypeptide in cells. For example, an ELISA assay may be constructed for measuring secreted or cell associated levels of polypeptide using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies by standard methods known in the art. This can be used to discover agents which may inhibit or enhance the production of polypeptide (also called antagonist or agonist, respectively) from suitably manipulated cells or tissues.
The invention also provides a method of screening compounds to identify those which enhance (agonist) or block (antagonist) the action of BASB204 polypeptides or polynucleotides, particularly those compounds that are bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal. The method of screening may involve high-throughput techniques. For example, to screen for agonists or antagonists, a synthetic reaction mix, a cellular compartment, such as a membrane, cell envelope or cell wall, or a preparation of any thereof, comprising BASB204 polypeptide and a labeled substrate or ligand of such polypeptide is incubated in the absence or the presence of a candidate molecule that may be a BASB204 agonist or antagonist. The ability ofthe candidate molecule to agonize or antagonize the BASB204 polypeptide is reflected in decreased binding ofthe labeled ligand or decreased production of product from such substrate. Molecules that bind gratuitously, i.e., without inducing the effects of BASB204 polypeptide are most likely to be good antagonists. Molecules that bind well and, as the case may be, increase the rate of product production from substrate, increase signal transduction, or increase chemical channel activity are agonists. Detection ofthe rate or level of, as the case may be, production of product from substrate, signal transduction, or chemical channel activity may be enhanced by using a reporter system. Reporter systems that may be useful in this regard include but are not limited to colorimetric, labeled substrate converted into product, a reporter gene that is responsive to changes in BASB204 polynucleotide or polypeptide activity, and binding assays known in the art.
Another example of an assay for BASB204 agonists is a competitive assay that combines BASB204 and a potential agonist with BASB204 binding molecules, recombinant B ASB204 binding molecules, natural substrates or ligands, or substrate or ligand mimetics, under appropriate conditions for a competitive inhibition assay. BASB204 can be labeled, such as by radioactivity or a colorimetric compound, such that the number of BASB204 molecules bound to a binding molecule or converted to product can be determined accurately to assess the effectiveness ofthe potential antagonist.
Potential antagonists include, among others, small organic molecules, peptides, polypeptides and antibodies that bind to a polynucleotide and/or polypeptide ofthe invention and thereby inhibit or extinguish its activity or expression. Potential antagonists also may be small organic molecules, a peptide, a polypeptide such as a closely related protein or antibody that binds the same sites on a binding molecule, such as a binding molecule, without inducing BASB204 induced activities, thereby preventing the action or expression of BASB204 polypeptides and/or polynucleotides by excluding BASB204 polypeptides and/or polynucleotides from binding.
Potential antagonists include a small molecule that binds to and occupies the binding site of the polypeptide thereby preventing binding to cellular binding molecules, such that normal biological activity is prevented. Examples of small molecules include but are not limited to small organic molecules, peptides or peptide-like molecules. Other potential antagonists include antisense molecules (see Okano, J. Neurochem. 56: 560 (1991); OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES AS ANTISENSE INHIBITORS OF GENE EXPRESSION, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1988), for a description of these molecules). Preferred potential antagonists include compounds related to and variants of BASB204.
In a further aspect, the present invention relates to genetically engineered soluble fusion proteins comprising a polypeptide ofthe present invention, or a fragment thereof, and various portions ofthe constant regions of heavy or light chains of immunoglobulins of various subclasses (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE). Preferred as an immunoglobulin is the constant part ofthe heavy chain of human IgG, particularly IgGl, where fusion takes place at the hinge region. In a particular embodiment, the Fc part can be removed simply by incorporation of a cleavage sequence which can be cleaved with blood clotting factor Xa. Furthermore, this invention relates to processes for the preparation of these fusion proteins by genetic engineering, and to the use thereof for drug screening, diagnosis and therapy. A further aspect ofthe invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding such fusion proteins. Examples of fusion protein technology can be found in International Patent Application Nos. WO94/29458 and WO94/22914.
Each ofthe polynucleotide sequences provided herein may be used in the discovery and development of antibacterial compounds. The encoded protein, upon expression, can be used as a target for the screening of antibacterial drugs. Additionally, the polynucleotide sequences encoding the amino terminal regions ofthe encoded protein or Shine-Delgarno or other translation facilitating sequences ofthe respective mRNA can be used to construct antisense sequences to control the expression of the coding sequence of interest.
The invention also provides the use ofthe polypeptide, polynucleotide, agonist or antagonist of the invention to interfere with the initial physical interaction between a pathogen or pathogens and a eukaryotic, preferably mammalian, host responsible for sequelae of infection. In particular, the molecules ofthe invention may be used: in the prevention of adhesion of bacteria, in particular gram positive and/or gram negative bacteria, to eukaryotic, preferably mammalian, extracellular matrix proteins on indwelling devices or to extracellular matrix proteins in wounds; to block bacterial adhesion between eukaryotic, preferably mammalian, extracellular matrix proteins and bacterial BASB204 proteins that mediate tissue damage and/or; to block the normal progression of pathogenesis in infections initiated other than by the implantation of indwelling devices or by other surgical techniques.
In accordance with yet another aspect ofthe invention, there are provided BASB204 agonists and antagonists, preferably bacteristatic or bactericidal agonists and antagonists.
The antagonists and agonists ofthe invention may be employed, for instance, to prevent, inhibit and/or treat diseases.
In a further aspect, the present invention relates to mimotopes ofthe polypeptide of the invention. A mimotope is a peptide sequence, sufficiently similar to the native peptide (sequentially or structurally), which is capable of being recognised by antibodies which recognise the native peptide; or is capable of raising antibodies which recognise the native peptide when coupled to a suitable carrier.
Peptide mimotopes may be designed for a particular purpose by addition, deletion or substitution of elected amino acids. Thus, the peptides may be modified for the purposes of ease of conjugation to a protein carrier. For example, it may be desirable for some chemical conjugation methods to include a terminal cysteine. In addition it may be desirable for peptides conjugated to a protein carrier to include a hydrophobic terminus distal from the conjugated terminus ofthe peptide, such that the free unconjugated end ofthe peptide remains associated with the surface of the carrier protein. Thereby presenting the peptide in a conformation which most closely resembles that ofthe peptide as found in the context ofthe whole native molecule. For example, the peptides may be altered to have an N-terminal cysteine and a C- terminal hydrophobic amidated tail. Alternatively, the addition or substitution of a D-stereoisomer form of one or more ofthe amino acids (inverso sequences) may be performed to create a beneficial derivative, for example to enhance stability ofthe peptide. Mimotopes may also be retro sequences ofthe natural peptide sequences, in that the sequence orientation is reversed. Mimotopes may also be retro-inverso in character.' Retro, inverso and retro-inverso peptides are described in WO 95/24916 and WO 94/05311.
Alternatively, peptide mimotopes may be identified using antibodies which are capable themselves of binding to the polypeptides ofthe present invention using techniques such as phage display technology (EP 0 552 267 BI). This technique, generates a large number of peptide sequences which mimic the structure ofthe native peptides and are, therefore, capable of binding to anti-native peptide antibodies, but may not necessarily themselves share significant sequence homology to the native polypeptide.
Vaccines Another aspect ofthe invention relates to a method for inducing an immunological response in an individual, particularly a mammal, preferably humans, which comprises inoculating the individual with BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide, or a fragment or variant thereof, adequate to produce antibody and/ or T cell immune response to protect said individual from infection, particularly bacterial infection and most particularly non typeable H. influenzae infection. Also provided are methods whereby such immunological response slows bacterial replication. Yet another aspect ofthe invention relates to a method of inducing immunological response in an individual which comprises delivering to such individual a nucleic acid vector, sequence or ribozyme to direct expression of BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide, or a fragment or a variant thereof, for expressing BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide, or a fragment or a variant thereof in vivo in order to induce an immunological response, such as, to produce antibody and/ or T cell immune response, including, for example, cytokine-producing T cells or cytotoxic T cells, to protect said individual, preferably a human, from disease, whether that disease is already established within the individual or not. One example of administering the gene is by accelerating it into the desired cells as a coating on particles or otherwise. Such nucleic acid vector may comprise DNA, RNA, a ribozyme, a modified nucleic acid, a DNA/RNA hybrid, a DNA-protein complex or an RNA-protein complex.
A further aspect ofthe invention relates to an immunological composition that when introduced into an individual, preferably a human, capable of having induced within it an immunological response, induces an immunological response in such individual to a BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide encoded therefrom, wherein the composition comprises a recombinant BASB204 polynucleotide and/or polypeptide encoded therefrom and/or comprises DNA and/or RNA which encodes and expresses an antigen of said BASB204 polynucleotide, polypeptide encoded therefrom, or other polypeptide ofthe invention. The immunological response may be used therapeutically or prophylactically and may take the form of antibody immunity and/or cellular immunity, such as cellular immunity arising from CTL or CD4+ T cells. BASB204 polypeptide or a fragment thereof may be fused with co-protein or chemical moiety which may or may not by itself produce antibodies, but which is capable of stabilizing the first protein and producing a fused or modified protein which will have antigenic and/or immunogenic properties, and preferably protective properties. Thus fused recombinant protein, preferably further comprises an antigenic co-protein, such as lipoprotein D from Haemophilus influenzae, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or beta-galactosidase, or any other relatively large co-protein which solubilizes the protein and facilitates production and purification thereof. Moreover, the co-protein may act as an adjuvant in the sense of providing a generalized stimulation ofthe immune system ofthe organism receiving the protein. The co-protein may be attached to either the amino- or carboxy-terminus ofthe first protein.
In a vaccine composition according to the invention, a BASB204 polypeptide and/or polynucleotide, or a fragment, or a mimotope, or a variant thereof may be present in a vector, such as the live recombinant vectors described above for example live bacterial vectors.
Also suitable are non-live vectors for the BASB204 polypeptide, for example bacterial outer-membrane vesicles or "blebs". OM blebs are derived from the outer membrane ofthe two-layer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and have been documented in many Gram-negative bacteria (Zhou, L et al. 1998. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 163:223- 228) including C. trachomatis and C. psittaci. A non-exhaustive list of bacterial pathogens reported to produce blebs also includes: Bordetella pertussis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, Esherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica.
Blebs have the advantage of providing outer-membrane proteins in their native conformation and are thus particularly useful for vaccines. Blebs can also be improved for vaccine use by engineering the bacterium so as to modify the expression of one or more molecules at the outer membrane. Thus for example the expression of a desired immunogenic protein at the outer membrane, such as the BASB204 polypeptide, can be introduced or upregulated (e.g. by altering the promoter). Instead or in addition, the expression of outer-membrane molecules which are either not relevant (e.g. unprotective antigens or immunodominant but variable proteins) or detrimental (e.g. toxic molecules such as LPS, or potential inducers of an autoimmune response) can be downregulated. These approaches are discussed in more detail below.
The non-coding flanking regions ofthe BASB204 gene contain regulatory elements important in the expression ofthe gene. This regulation takes place both at the transcriptional and translational level. The sequence of these regions, either upstream or downstream ofthe open reading frame of the gene, can be obtained by DNA sequencing. This sequence information allows the determination of potential regulatory motifs such as the different promoter elements, terminator sequences, inducible sequence elements, repressors, elements responsible for phase variation, the shine-dalgarno sequence, regions with potential secondary structure involved in regulation, as well as other types of regulatory motifs or sequences. This sequence is a further aspect ofthe invention. Furthermore, SEQ ID NO: 37 is the non typeable Haemophilus influenzae upstream sequence (upstream ofthe predicted initiation codon ofthe preferred genes) comprising approximately 700bp.
This sequence information allows the modulation ofthe natural expression ofthe BASB204 gene. The upregulation ofthe gene expression may be accomplished by altering the promoter, the shine-dalgarno sequence, potential repressor or operator elements, or any other elements involved. Likewise, dowmegulation of expression can be achieved by similar types of modification. Alternatively, by changing phase variation sequences, the expression ofthe gene can be put under phase variation control, or it may be uncoupled from this regulation. In another approach, the expression ofthe gene can be put under the control of one or more inducible elements allowing regulated expression. Examples of such regulation include, but are not limited to, induction by temperature shift, addition of inductor substrates like selected carbohydrates or their derivatives, trace elements, vitamins, co-factors, metal ions, etc. Such modifications as described above can be introduced by several different means. The modification of sequences involved in gene expression can be carried out in vivo by random mutagenesis followed by selection for the desired phenotype. Another approach consists in isolating the region of interest and modifying it by random mutagenesis, or site-directed replacement, insertion or deletion mutagenesis. The modified region can then be reintroduced into the bacterial genome by homologous recombination, and the effect on gene expression can be assessed. In another approach, the sequence knowledge ofthe region of interest can be used to replace or delete all or part ofthe natural regulatory sequences. In this case, the regulatory region targeted is isolated and modified so as to contain the regulatory elements from another gene, a combination of regulatory elements from different genes, a synthetic regulatory region, or any other regulatory region, or to delete selected parts of the wild-type regulatory sequences. These modified sequences can then be reintroduced into the bacterium via homologous recombination into the genome. A non-exhaustive list of preferred promoters that could be used for up-regulation of gene expression includes the promoters porA, porB, lbpB, tbpB, pi 10, 1st, hpuAB from N. meningitidis oτN. gonorroheae; ompCD, copB, lbpB, ompE, UspAl; UspA2; TbpB frorri Catarrhalis; pi, p2, p4, p5, p6, lpD, tbpB, D15, Hia, Hmwl, Hmw2 fromH. influenzae.
In one example, the expression ofthe gene can be modulated by exchanging its promoter with a stronger promoter (through isolating the upstream sequence ofthe gene, in vitro modification of this sequence, and reintroduction into the genome by homologous recombination). Upregulated expression can be obtained in both the bacterium as well as in the outer membrane vesicles shed (or made) from the bacterium.
In other examples, the described approaches can be used to generate recombinant bacterial strains with improved characteristics for vaccine applications. These can be, but are not limited to, attenuated strains, strains with increased expression of selected antigens, strains with knock-outs (or decreased expression) of genes interfering with the immune response, strains with modulated expression of immunodominant proteins, strains with modulated shedding of outer-membrane vesicles.
Thus, also provided by the invention is a modified upstream region ofthe BASB204 gene, which modified upstream region contains a heterologous regulatory element which alters the expression level ofthe BASB204 protein located at the outer membrane. The upstream region according to this aspect ofthe invention includes the sequence upstream of the B ASB204 gene. The upstream region starts immediately upstream ofthe BASB204 gene and continues usually to a position no more than about 1000 bp upstream ofthe gene from the ATG start codon. In the case of a gene located in a polycistronic sequence (operon) the upstream region can start immediately preceding the gene of interest, or preceding the first gene in the operon. Preferably, a modified upstream region according to this aspect ofthe invention contains a heterologous promotor at a position between 500 and 700 bp upsfream ofthe ATG.
The use ofthe disclosed upstream regions to upregulate the expression ofthe BASB204 gene, a process for achieving this through homologous recombination (for instance as described in WO 01/09350 incorporated by reference herein), a vector comprising upstream sequence suitable for this purpose, and a host cell so altered are all further aspects of this invention.
Thus, the invention provides a BASB204 polypeptide, in a modified bacterial bleb. The invention further provides modified host cells capable of producing the non-live membrane-based bleb vectors. The invention further provides nucleic acid vectors comprising the BASB204 gene having a modified upstream region containing a heterologous regulatory element.
Further provided by the invention are processes to prepare the host cells and bacterial blebs according to the invention.
Also provided by this invention are compositions, particularly vaccine compositions, and methods comprising the polypeptides and/or polynucleotides ofthe invention and immunostimulatory DNA sequences, such as those described in Sato, Y. et al. Science 273: 352 (1996).
Also, provided by this invention are methods using the described polynucleotide or particular fragments thereof, which have been shown to encode non-variable regions of bacterial cell surface proteins, in polynucleotide constructs used in such genetic immunization experiments in animal models of infection with non typeable H. influenzae. Such experiments will be particularly useful for identifying protein epitopes able to provoke a prophylactic or therapeutic immune response. It is believed that this approach will allow for the subsequent preparation of monoclonal antibodies of particular value, derived from the requisite organ ofthe animal successfully resisting or clearing infection, for the development of prophylactic agents or therapeutic treatments of bacterial infection, particularly non typeable H. influenzae infection, in mammals, particularly humans.
The invention also includes a vaccine formulation which comprises an immunogenic recombinant polypeptide and/or polynucleotide ofthe invention together with a suitable carrier, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Since the polypeptides and polynucleotides may be broken down in the stomach, each is preferably administered parenterally, including, for example, administration that is subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, or intradermal. Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostatic compounds and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the bodily fluid, preferably the blood, ofthe individual; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents or thickening agents. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampoules and vials and may be stored in a freeze-dried condition requiring only the addition ofthe sterile liquid carrier immediately prior to use. The vaccine formulation ofthe invention may also include adjuvant systems for enhancing the immunogenicity of the formulation. Preferably the adjuvant system raises preferentially a THl type of response.
An immune response may be broadly distinguished into two extreme catagories, being a humoral or cell mediated immune responses (traditionally characterised by antibody and cellular effector mechanisms of protection respectively). These categories of response have been termed THl-type responses (cell-mediated response), and TH2-type immune responses (humoral response).
Extreme THl-type immune responses may be characterised by the generation of antigen specific, haplotype restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and natural killer cell responses. In mice THl-type responses are often characterised by the generation of antibodies ofthe IgG2a subtype, whilst in the human these correspond to IgGl type antibodies. TH2-type immune responses are characterised by the generation of a broad range of immunoglobulin isotypes including in mice IgGl, IgA, and IgM.
It can be considered that the driving force behind the development of these two types of. immune responses are cytokines. High levels of THl-type cytokines tend to favour the induction of cell mediated immune responses to the given antigen, whilst high levels of TH2-type cytokines tend to favour the induction of humoral immune responses to the antigen.
The distinction of THl and TH2-type immune responses is not absolute. In reality an individual will support an immune response which is described as being predominantly THl or predominantly TH2. However, it is often convenient to consider the families of cytokines in terms of that described in murine CD4 +ve T cell clones by Mosmann and Coffman {Mosmann, TR. and Coffman, R.L. (1989) THl and TH2 cells: different patterns oflymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annual Review of Immunology, 7, pl45-l 73). Traditionally, THl-type responses are associated with the production ofthe INF-γ and IL-2 cytokines by T-lymphocytes. Other cytokines often directly associated with the induction of THl-type immune responses are not produced by T-cells, such as IL- 12. In contrast, TH2- type responses are associated with the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13.
It is known that certain vaccine adjuvants are particularly suited to the stimulation of either THl or TH2 - type cytokine responses. Traditionally the best indicators ofthe THL.TH2 balance ofthe immune response after a vaccination or infection includes direct measurement ofthe production of THl or TH2 cytokines by T lymphocytes in vitro after restimulation with antigen, and/or the measurement ofthe IgGl:IgG2a ratio of antigen specific antibody responses.
Thus, a THl-type adjuvant is one which preferentially stimulates isolated T-cell populations to produce high levels of THl-type cytokines when re-stimulated with antigen in vitro, and promotes development of both CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antigen specific immunoglobulin responses associated with THl-type isotype.
Adjuvants which are capable of preferential stimulation ofthe THl cell response are described in International Patent Application No. WO 94/00153 and WO 95/17209.
3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A (3D-MPL) is one such adjuvant. This is known from GB 2220211 (Ribi). Chemically it is a mixture of 3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A with 4, 5 or 6 acylated chains and is manufactured by Ribi Immunochem, Montana. A preferred form of 3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A is disclosed in European Patent 0 689 454 BI (SmithKline Beecham Biologicals SA).
Preferably, the particles of 3D-MPL are small enough to be sterile filtered through a 0.22micron membrane (European Patent number 0 689 454). 3D-MPL will be present in the range of lOμg - lOOμg preferably 25-50μg per dose wherein the antigen will typically be present in a range 2-50μg per dose. Another preferred adjuvant comprises QS21 , an Hplc purified non-toxic fraction derived from the bark of Quillaja Saponaria Molina. Optionally this may be admixed with 3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A (3D-MPL), optionally together with an carrier.
The method of production of QS21 is' disclosed in US patent No. 5,057,540.
Non-reactogenic adjuvant formulations containing QS21 have been described previously (WO 96/33739). Such formulations comprising QS21 and cholesterol have been shown to be successful THl stimulating adjuvants when formulated together with an antigen.
Further adjuvants which are preferential stimulators of THl cell response include immunomodulatory oligonucleotides, for example unmethylated CpG sequences as disclosed in WO 96/02555.
Combinations of different THl stimulating adjuvants, such as those mentioned hereinabove, are also contemplated as providing an adjuvant which is a preferential stimulator of THl cell response. For example, QS21 can be formulated together with 3D-MPL. The ratio of QS21 : 3D-MPL will typically be in the order of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1; preferably 1:5 to 5 : 1 and often substantially 1 : 1. The preferred range for optimal synergy is 2.5 : 1 to 1 : 1 3D-MPL: QS21.
Preferably a carrier is also present in the vaccine composition according to the invention. The carrier may be an oil in water emulsion, or an aluminium salt, such as aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide.
A preferred oil-in- water emulsion comprises a metabolisible oil, such as squalene, alpha tocopherol and Tween 80. In a particularly preferred aspect the antigens in the vaccine composition according to the invention are combined with QS21 and 3D-MPL in such an emulsion. Additionally the oil in water emulsion may contain span 85 and/or lecithin and/or tricaprylin. Typically for human administration QS21 and 3D-MPL will be present in a vaccine in the range of lμg - 200μg, such as 10-100μg, preferably lOμg - 50μg per dose. Typically the oil in water will comprise from 2 to 10% squalene, from 2 to 10% alpha tocopherol and from 0.3 to 3% tween 80. Preferably the ratio of squalene: alpha tocopherol is equal to or less than 1 as this provides a more stable emulsion. Span 85 may also be present at a level of 1%. In some cases it may be advantageous that the vaccines ofthe present invention will further contain a stabiliser.
Non-toxic oil in water emulsions preferably contain a non-toxic oil, e.g. squalane or squalene, an emulsifier, e.g. Tween 80, in an aqueous carrier. The aqueous carrier may be, for example, phosphate buffered saline.
A particularly potent adjuvant formulation involving QS21, 3D-MPL and tocopherol in an oil in water emulsion is described in WO 95/17210.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain BASB204 polypeptides and polynucleotides, it is to be understood that this covers fragments of the naturally occurring polypeptides and polynucleotides, and similar polypeptides and polynucleotides with additions, deletions or substitutions which do not substantially affect the immunogenic properties ofthe recombinant polypeptides or polynucleotides. Preferred fragments/peptides are described in Example 13.
The present invention also provides a polyvalent vaccine composition comprising a vaccine formulation ofthe invention in combination with other antigens, in particular antigens useful for treating otitis media. Such a polyvalent vaccine composition may include a TH-1 inducing adjuvant as hereinbefore described.
In a preferred embodiment, the polypeptides, fragments and immunogens ofthe invention are formulated with one or more ofthe following groups of antigens: a) one or more pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (either plain or conjugated to a carrier protein); b) one or more antigens that can protect a host against M. catarrhalis infection; c) one or more protein antigens that can protect a host against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection; d) one or more further non typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein antigens; e) one or more antigens that can protect a host against RSV; and f) one or more antigens that can protect a host against influenza virus. Combinations with: groups a) and b); b) and c); b), d), and a) and/or c); b), d), e), f), and a) and/or c) are preferred. Such vaccines may be advantageously used as global otitis media vaccines.
The pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens are preferably selected from serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F and 33F (most preferably from serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F).
Preferred pneumococcal protein antigens are those pneumococcal proteins which are exposed on the outer surface ofthe pneumococcus (capable of being recognised by a host's immune system during at least part of the life cycle of the pneumococcus), or are proteins which are secreted or released by the pneumococcus. Most preferably, the protein is a toxin, adhesin, 2-component signal tranducer, or lipoprotein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, or fragments thereof- "Particularly preferred proteins include, but are not limited to: pneumolysin (preferably detoxified by chemical treatment or mutation) [Mitchell et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jul 11; 18(13): 4010 "Comparison of pneumolysin genes and proteins from Streptococcus pneumoniae types 1 and 2.", Mitchell et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 1989 Jan 23; 1007(1): 67-72 "Expression of the pneumolysin gene in Escherichia coli: rapid purification and biological properties.", WO 96/05859 (A. Cyanamid), WO 90/06951 (Paton et al), WO 99/03884 (NAVA)]; PspA and transmembrane deletion variants thereof (WO 92/14488; WO 99/53940; US 5804193 - Briles et al); PspC and transmembrane deletion variants thereof (WO 99/53940; WO 97/09994 - Briles et al); PsaA and transmembrane deletion variants thereof (Berry & Paton, Infect Immun 1996 Dec;64(12):5255-62 "Sequence heterogeneity of PsaA, a 37-kilodalton putative adhesin essential for virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae"); pneumococcal choline binding proteins and transmembrane deletion variants thereof; CbpA and transmembrane deletion variants thereof (WO 97/41151; WO 99/51266); Glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate - dehydrogenase (Infect. Immun. 1996 64:3544); HSP70 (WO 96/40928); PcpA (Sanchez-Beato et al. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998, 164:207-14); M like protein, SB patent application No. EP 0837130; and adhesin 18627 (SB Patent application No. EP 0834568). Further preferred pneumococcal protein antigens are those disclosed in WO 98/18931, particularly those selected in WO 98/18930 and PCT/US99/30390.
Preferred Moraxella catarrhalis protein antigens which can be included in a combination vaccine (especially for the prevention of otitis media) are: OMP 106 [WO 97/41731 (Antex) & WO 96/34960 (PMC)]; OMP21; LbpA &/or LbpB [WO 98/55606 (PMC)]; TbpA &/or TbpB [WO 97/13785 & WO 97/32980 (PMC)]; CopB [Helminen ME, et al. (1993) Infect. Immun. 61:2003-2010]; UspAl and/or UspA2 [WO 93/03761 (University of Texas)]; OmpCD; HasR (PCT/EP99/03824); PilQ (PCT/EP99/03823); OMP85 (PCT/EP00/01468); lipo06 (GB 9917977.2); lipolO (GB 9918208.1); lipol l (GB 9918302.2); lipolδ (GB 9918038.2); P6 (PCT/EP99/03038); D15 (PCT/EP99/03822); OmplAl (PCT/EP99/06781); Hly3 (PCT/EP99/03257); and OmpE.
Preferred further non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein antigens which can be included in a combination vaccine (especially for the prevention of otitis media) include: Fimbrin protein [(US 5766608 - Ohio State Research Foundation)] and fusions comprising peptides therefrom [eg LB 1(f) peptide fusions; US 5843464 (OSU) or WO 99/64067]; OMP26 [WO 97/01638 (Cortecs)]; P6 [EP 281673 (State University of New York)]; protein D (EP 594610); TbpA and/or TbpB; Hia; Hsf; Hin47; Hif; Hmwl; Hmw2; Hmw3; Hmw4; Hap; D15 (WO 94/12641); P2; and P5 (WO 94/26304).
Preferred influenza virus antigens include whole, live or inactivated virus, split influenza virus, grown in eggs or MDCK cells, or Vero cells or whole flu virosomes (as described by R. Gluck, Vaccine, 1992, 10, 915-920) or purified or recombinant proteins thereof, such as HA, NP, NA, or M proteins, or combinations thereof.
Preferred RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) antigens include the F glycoprotein, the G glycoprotein, the HN protein, or derivatives thereof.
Compositions, kits and administration
In a further aspect ofthe invention there are provided compositions comprising a B ASB204 polynucleotide and/or a B ASB204 polypeptide for administration to a cell or to a multicellular organism.
The invention also relates to compositions comprising a polynucleotide and/or a polypeptides discussed herein or their agonists or antagonists. The polypeptides and polynucleotides ofthe invention may be employed in combination with a non-sterile or sterile carrier or carriers for use with cells, tissues or organisms, such as a pharmaceutical carrier suitable for administration to an individual. Such compositions comprise, for instance, a media additive or a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide and/or polynucleotide ofthe invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Such carriers may include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol and combinations thereof. The formulation should suit the mode of administration. The invention further relates to diagnostic and pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more containers filled with one or more ofthe ingredients ofthe aforementioned compositions ofthe invention.
Polypeptides, polynucleotides and other compounds ofthe invention may be employed alone or in conjunction with other compounds, such as therapeutic compounds.
The pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in any effective, convenient manner including, for instance, administration by topical, oral, anal, vaginal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasaLor intradermal routes among others. In therapy or as a prophylactic, the active agent may be administered to an individual as an injectable composition, for example as a sterile aqueous dispersion, preferably isotonic.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide and/or polynucleotide, such as the soluble form of a polypeptide and/or polynucleotide ofthe present invention, agonist or antagonist peptide or small molecule compound, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Such carriers include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more containers filled with one or more ofthe ingredients ofthe aforementioned compositions ofthe invention. Polypeptides, polynucleotides and other compounds of the present invention may be employed alone or in conjunction with other compounds, such as therapeutic compounds.
The composition will be adapted to the route of administration, for instance by a systemic or an oral route. Preferred forms of systemic administration include injection, typically by intravenous injection. Other injection routes, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal, can be used. Alternative means for systemic administration include transmucosal and transdermal administration using penefrants such as bile salts or fusidic acids or other detergents. In addition, if a polypeptide or other compounds ofthe present invention can be formulated in an enteric or an encapsulated formulation, oral administration may also be possible. Administration of these compounds may also be topical and/or localized, in the form of salves, pastes, gels, solutions, powders and the like.
For administration to mammals, and particularly humans, it is expected that the daily dosage level ofthe active agent will be from 0.01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, typically around 1 mg/kg. The physician in any event will determine the actual dosage which will be most suitable for an individual and will vary with the age, weight and response ofthe particular individual. The above dosages are exemplary of the average case. There can, of course, be individual instances where higher or lower dosage ranges are merited, and such are within the scope of this invention.
The dosage range required depends on the choice of peptide, the route of adminisfration, the nature ofthe formulation, the nature ofthe subject's condition, and the judgment of the attending practitioner. Suitable dosages, however, are in the range of 0.1-100 μg/kg of subject.
A vaccine composition is conveniently in injectable form. Conventional adjuvants may be employed to enhance the immune response. A suitable unit dose for vaccination is 0.5-5 microgram/kg of antigen, and such dose is preferably administered 1-3 times and with an interval of 1-3 weeks. With the indicated dose range, no adverse toxicological effects will be observed with the compounds of the invention which would preclude their administration to suitable individuals.
Wide variations in the needed dosage, however, are to be expected in view ofthe variety of compounds available and the differing efficiencies of various routes of administration. For example, oral adminisfration would be expected to require higher dosages than administration by intravenous injection. Variations in these dosage levels can be adjusted using standard empirical routines for optimization, as is well understood in the art.
Sequence Databases, Sequences in a Tangible Medium, and Algorithms Polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences form a valuable information resource with which to determine their 2- and 3 -dimensional structures as well as to identify further sequences of similar homology. These approaches are most easily facilitated by storing the sequence in a computer readable medium and then using the stored data in a known macromolecular structure program or to search a sequence database using well known searching tools, such as the GCG program package. Also provided by the invention are methods for the analysis of character sequences or strings, particularly genetic sequences or encoded protein sequences. Preferred methods of sequence analysis include, for example, methods of sequence homology analysis, such as identity and similarity analysis, DNA, RNA and protein structure analysis, sequence assembly, cladistic analysis, sequence motif analysis, open reading frame determination, nucleic acid base calling, codon usage analysis, nucleic acid base trimming, and sequencing chromatogram peak analysis.
A computer based method is provided for performing homology identification. This method comprises the steps of: providing a first polynucleotide sequence comprising the sequence of a polynucleotide ofthe invention in a computer readable medium; and comparing said first polynucleotide sequence to at least one second polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence to identify homology.
A computer based method is also provided for performing homology identification, said method comprising the steps of: providing a first polypeptide sequence comprising the sequence of a polypeptide of the invention in a computer readable medium; and comparing said first polypeptide sequence to at least one second polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence to identify homology.
All publications and references, including but not limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual publication or reference were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as being fully set forth. Any patent application to which this application claims priority is also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety in the manner described above for publications and references.
DEFINITIONS
"Identity," as known in the art, is a relationship between two or more polypeptide sequences or two or more polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by comparing the sequences. In the art, "identity" also means the degree of sequence relatedness between polypeptide or polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by the match between strings of such sequences. "Identity" can be readily calculated by known methods, including but not limited to those described in {Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A.M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, D.W., ed., Academic Press, New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, A.M., and Griffin, H.G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heine, G., Academic Press, 1987; and Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M Stockton Press, New York, 1991; and Carillo, H., and Lipman, D., SIAM J. Applied Math., 48: 1073 (1988). Methods to determine identity are designed to give the largest match between the sequences tested. Moreover, methods to determine identity are codified in publicly available computer programs. Computer program methods to determine identity between two sequences include, but are not limited to, the GAP program in the GCG program package (Devereux, J., et al, Nucleic Acids Research 12(1): 387 (1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN (Altschul, S.F. et al, J. Molec. Biol. 215: 403-410 (1990), and FASTA( Pearson and Lipman Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85; 2444-2448 (1988). The BLAST family of programs is publicly available from NCBI and other sources {BLAST Manual, Altschul, S., et al, NCBI NLM NIH Bethesda, MD 20894; Altschul, S., et al, J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410 (1990). The well known Smith Waterman algorithm may also be used to determine identity.
Parameters for polypeptide sequence comparison include the following: Algorithm: Needleman and Wunsch, J. Mol Biol. 48: 443-453 (1970)
Comparison matrix: BLOSSUM62 from Henikoff and Henikoff,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:10915-10919 (1992)
Gap Penalty: 8
Gap Length Penalty: 2 A program useful with these parameters is publicly available as the "gap" program from Genetics Computer Group, Madison WI. The aforementioned parameters are the default parameters for peptide comparisons (along with no penalty for end gaps). Parameters for polynucleotide comparison include the following: Algorithm: Needleman and Wunsch, J. Mol Biol. 48: 443-453 (1970) Comparison matrix: matches = +10, mismatch = 0 Gap Penalty: 50
Gap Length Penalty: 3
Available as: The "gap" program from Genetics Computer Group, Madison WI.
These are the default parameters for nucleic acid comparisons.
A preferred meaning for "identity" for polynucleotides and polypeptides, as the case may be, are provided in (1) and (2) below.
(1) Polynucleotide embodiments further include an isolated polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide sequence having at least a 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 97 or 100%) identity to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , wherein said polynucleotide sequence may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:l or may include up to a certain integer number of nucleotide alterations as compared to the reference sequence, wherein said alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one nucleotide deletion, substitution, including transition and transversion, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the 5' or 3' terminal positions of the reference nucleotide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the nucleotides in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence, and wherein said number of nucleotide alterations is determined by multiplying the total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO: 1 by the integer defining the percent identity divided by 100 and then subtracting that product from said total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO:l, or:
nn ≤ xn - (xn . y),
wherein nn is the number of nucleotide alterations, n is the total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO:l, y is 0.50 for 50%, 0.60 for 60%, 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85%, 0.90 for 90%, 0.95 for 95%, 0.97 for 97% or 1.00 for 100%, and • is the symbol for the multiplication operator, and wherein any non-integer product of xn and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from xn. Alterations of polynucleotide sequences encoding the polypeptides of SEQ ID NO:2 may create nonsense, missense or frameshift mutations in this coding sequence and thereby alter the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide following such alterations.
By way of example, a polynucleotide sequence ofthe present invention may be identical to the reference sequences of SEQ ID NO:l, that is it may be 100% identical, or it may include up to a certain integer number of nucleic acid alterations as compared to the reference sequence such that the percent identity is less than 100% identity. Such alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one nucleic acid deletion, substitution, including transition and transversion, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the 5 ' or 3' terminal positions ofthe reference polynucleotide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the nucleic acids in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence. The number of nucleic acid alterations for a given percent identity is determined by multiplying the total number of nucleic acids in SEQ ID NO: 1 by the integer defining the percent identity divided by 100 and then subtracting that product from said total number of nucleic acids in SEQ ID NO:l, or:
nn ≤ xn - (xn « y),
wherein nn is the number of nucleic acid alterations, xn is the total number of nucleic acids in SEQ ID NO:l, y is, for instance 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85% etc., • is the symbol for the multiplication operator, and wherein any non-integer product of xn and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from (2) Polypeptide embodiments further include an isolated polypeptide comprising a polypeptide having at least a 50,60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 97 or 100% identity to the polypeptide reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein said polypeptide sequence may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or may include up to a certain integer number of amino acid alterations as compared to the reference sequence, wherein said alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one amino acid deletion, substitution, including conservative and non-conservative substitution, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the amino- or carboxy-terminal positions ofthe reference polypeptide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the amino acids in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence, and wherein said number of amino acid alterations is determined by multiplying the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2 by the integer defining the percent identity divided by 100 and then subtracting that product from said total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2, or:
na < xa - (xa • y),
wherein na is the number of amino acid alterations, xa is the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2, y is 0.50 for 50%, 0.60 for 60%, 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85%, 0.90 for 90%, 0.95 for 95%, 0.97 for 97% or 1.00 for 100%, and • is the symbol for the multiplication operator, and wherein any non-integer product of xa and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from xa.
By way of example, a polypeptide sequence ofthe present invention may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, that is it may be 100%o identical, or it may include up to a certain integer number of amino acid alterations as compared to the reference sequence such that the percent identity is less than 100% identity. Such alterations are selected from the group consisting of at least one amino acid deletion, substitution, including conservative and non-conservative substitution, or insertion, and wherein said alterations may occur at the amino- or carboxy-terminal positions of the reference polypeptide sequence or anywhere between those terminal positions, interspersed either individually among the amino acids in the reference sequence or in one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence. The number of amino acid alterations for a given % identity is determined by multiplying the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2 by the integer defining the percent identity divided by 100 and then subtracting that product from said total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2, or:
na < xa - (xa • y),
wherein na is the number of amino acid alterations, xa is the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO:2, y is, for instance 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85% etc., and • is the symbol for the multiplication operator, and wherein any non-integer product of xa and y is rounded down to the nearest integer prior to subtracting it from
Xa
"Individual(s)," when used herein with reference to an organism, means a multicellular eukaryote, including, but not limited to a metazoan, a mammal, an ovid, a bovid, a simian, a primate, and a human.
"Isolated" means altered "by the hand of man" from its natural state, i.e., if it occurs in nature, it has been changed or removed from its original environment, or both. For example, a polynucleotide or a polypeptide naturally present in a living organism is not "isolated," but the same polynucleotide or polypeptide separated from the coexisting materials of its natural state is "isolated", as the term is employed herein. Moreover, a polynucleotide or polypeptide that is introduced into an organism by transformation, genetic manipulation or by any other recombinant method is "isolated" even if it is still present in said organism, which organism may be living or non-living.
"Polynucleotide(s)" generally refers to any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxyribonucleotide, which may be unmodified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA including single and double-stranded regions. "Variant" refers to a polynucleotide or polypeptide that differs from a reference polynucleotide or polypeptide, but retains essential properties. A typical variant of a polynucleotide differs in nucleotide sequence from another, reference polynucleotide. Changes in the nucleotide sequence ofthe variant may or may not alter the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide encoded by the reference polynucleotide. Nucleotide changes may result in amino acid substitutions, additions, deletions, fusions and truncations in the polypeptide encoded by the reference sequence, as discussed below. A typical variant of a polypeptide differs in amino acid sequence from another, reference polypeptide. Generally, differences are limited so that the sequences ofthe reference polypeptide and the variant are closely similar overall and, in many regions, identical. A variant and reference polypeptide may differ in amino acid sequence by one or more substitutions, additions, deletions in any combination. A substituted or inserted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code. A variant of a polynucleotide or polypeptide may be a naturally occurring such as an allelic variant, or it may be a variant that is not known to occur naturally. Non-naturally occurring variants of polynucleotides and polypeptides may be made by mutagenesis techniques or by direct synthesis.
"Disease(s)" means any disease caused by or related to infection by a bacteria, including, for example, otitis media in infants and children, pneumonia in elderlies, sinusitis, nosocomial infections and invasive diseases, chronic otitis media with hearing loss, fluid accumulation in the middle ear, auditive nerve damage, delayed speech learning, infection ofthe upper respiratory tract and inflammation ofthe middle ear.
EXAMPLES:
The examples below are carried out using standard techniques, which are well known and routine to those of skill in the art, except where otherwise described in detail. The examples are illustrative, but do not limit the invention.
Example 1: DNA sequencing of he BASB204 gene from Non typable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A. A: BASB204 in Non typable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A.
The DNA sequence ofthe BASB204 polynucleotide from the Non typable Haemophilus Influenzae strain 3224 A ( also referred to as strain ATCC PT-1816) is shown in SEQ ID N0:1. The translation ofthe BASB204 polynucleotidic sequence is showed in SEQ ID N0:2. B: BASB204 in Non typable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A.
The sequence ofthe BASB204 polynucleotide was confirmed in Non Typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A. For this purpose, plasmid DNA (see example 3 A) containing the gene region encoding BASB204 from Non Typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A was submitted to DNA sequencing using the Big Dyes kit (Applied biosystems) and analyzed on a ABI 373/A DNA sequencer in the conditions described by the supplier using primers oli 1 VIRG (5 '-AC ATG TCA TTT ATT ATA AGT CTA TTT TTT TCT ATT -3') [SEQ ID NO:38] and oli 2 VIRG (5'-AGA TCT AAA CGT CCA CTG TAA ATT CAA CGC -3') [SEQ ID NO:39] specific for the BASB204 polynucleotide and M13 Universal Sequence Primer(5'-GTA AAA CGA CGG CCA GT-3') [SEQ ID NO:40] and M13 Reverse Sequence Primer (5'-CAG GAA ACA GCT ATG AC-3') [SEQ ID NO:41] specific for the vector. As a result, the polynucleotide and deduced polypeptide sequences, respectively, were obtained. Using the Clustalx 1.8 program, the polynucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 was aligned with SEQ ID NO:l; a pairwise comparison of identities showed that the polynucleotide sequence was 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:l (fig 1) . Using the same Clustalx 1.8 program, the polypeptide sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 was aligned with SEQ ID NO:2; a pairwise comparison of identities showed that the polypeptide sequence was 99% identical to SEQ ID N0:2 (FIG 2)
The DNA sequence ofthe BASB204 polynucleotide from the Non typeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A (also referred to as strain ATCC PT-1816) is shown in SEQ ID NO:3. The BASB204 polynucleotide is a phase variable gene by repeat slippage. It is in-frame when it has a multiple of 3 (AAGC) repeats. The polynucleotide SEQ ID NO:3 has 20 repeats and is not in-frame. The translation, in frame 1, ofthe BASB204 polynucleotide set out in SEQ ID NO:3 results in a premature stop codon; it is shown in SEQ ID NO:4a. The translation, in frame 3, of the BASB204 polynucleotide set out in SEQ ID NO:3 is shown in SEQ ID NO:4b; the BASB204 polypeptide set out in SEQ ID NO:4b is the translation of SEQ ID NO:3 as it would be when in phase. In that case, the polypeptidic sequence would have an N-terminal extension like (MKLEA).
Example 2: Variability analysis of the BASB204 gene among Non Typeable Haemophilus influenzae strains.
The BASB204 gene shows the presence of a stretch of tetranucleotides at the 5' end indicating that this gene is phase- variable. The number of tetranucleotides in this gene has been determined for 17 NTHI strains by sequencing the 5' region ofthe gene.
Genomic DNA was extracted from 17 further NJ Haemophilus influenzae strains (presented in Table 1) as follows. A 500ml erlenmeyer flask containing -100 ml of BHI broth was inoculated with the seed culture and grown for —12-16 hours at 37 °C in a shaking incubator, -175 rpm, to generate cell mass for DΝA isolation. Cells were collected by centrifugation in a Sorvall GSA rotor at -2000 X g for 15 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was removed. Genomic DΝA was extracted from the pellet of the NT Haemophilus influenzae cells using the QIAGEN genomic DNA extraction kit (Qiagen Gmbh). lμg of this material was submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA amplification using primers MCM048 (5'- AAG GTT TGA GCA ATT TGA TGA TAA-3') [SEQ ID NO:42] and MCM049 (5'- AGG GAA TAA TAC TGG AAT GTC TGG-3') [SEQ ID NO:43]. This PCR product was purified using the High Pure PCR Product Purification Kit (Roche) , subjected to DNA sequencing using the Big Dyes kit (Applied biosystems) by means of the primers MCM048 [SEQ ID NO:42] and MCM049 [SEQ ID NO:43] in the conditions described by the supplier and analyzed on a ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyser. Using the Clustalx 1.8 program, an alignment ofthe polynucleotide sequences was performed, and is displayed in Figure 1. The number of tetranucleotides varies from 17 to 25. In 8 strains in 17, the BASB204 gene is in frame (21 tetranucleotides), while in the other strains, the gene is out-of-frame. Except for the number of repeats, the sequences are highly conserved. Multiple alignment ofthe polynucleotidic sequences of SEQ Group 1 with ClustalX shows that SEQ ID N0:21 and SEQ ID N0:35 have respectively 2 and 6 nucleotide substitutions compared to SEQ ID N0:3 (Fig. 3). These nucleotidic substitutions lead to 1 amino acid substitution in the translated product of SEQ ID N0:21 as shown in SEQ ID N0:22 and 3 amino acid substitutions in the translated product of SEQ ID N0:35 as shown in SEQ ID NO :36b (translation product when the gene is in-frame) (Fig. 4). These data show that the N-terminal end (first 80-90 amino acids) of BASB204 protein is highly conserved.
Table 1: Features of the NT Haemophilus influenzae strains used in this study
A: Cloning of BASB204.
Restriction sites engineered into amplification primers, respectively, permit directional cloning ofthe PCR product into the E.coli expression plasmid pQE60 such that BASB204 protein could be expressed as a fusion protein containing a (His)6 affinity chromatography tag at the C-terminus. The BASB204 PCR products are first introduced into the pCRJITOPO cloning vector (In vitrogen) using Top 10 bacterial cells, according to the manufacturer's instructions. This intermediate construct is realized to facilitate further cloning into an expression vector. Transformants containing the BASB204 DNA insert are selected by restriction enzyme analysis. Following digestion, a ~20μl aliquot ofthe reaction is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8 % agarose in a Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer). DNA fragments are visualized by UV illumination after gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. A DNA molecular size standard (1 Kb ladder, Life Technologies) is electrophoresed in parallel with the test samples and is used to estimate the size ofthe DNA fragments. Plasmid purified from selected transformants for each cloning are then sequentially digested to completion restriction enzymes as recommended by the manufacturer (Life Technologies). The digested DNA fragment is then purified using silica gel-based spin columns prior to ligation with the pQE60 plasmid.
B: Production of expression vector. To prepare the expression plasmid pQE60 for ligation, it is similarly digested to completion with both restriction enzymes. An approximately 5-fold molar excess of the digested fragments to the prepared vector is used to program the ligation reaction. A standard -20 μl ligation reaction (~16°C, -16 hours), using methods well known in the art, is performed using T4 DNA ligase (-2.0 units / reaction, Life Technologies). An aliquot ofthe ligation (-5 μl) is used to transform M15(pREP4) electro-competent cells according to methods well known in the art. Following a -2-3 hour outgrowth period at 37°C in -1.0 ml of LB broth, transformed cells are plated on LB agar plates containing ampicillin (100 μg/ml) and kanamycin (30μg/ml). Antibiotic is included in the selection. Plates are incubated overnight at 37°C for ~16 hours. Individual ApR/KanR colonies are picked with sterile toothpicks and used to "patch" inoculate fresh LB ApR/KanR plates as well as a -1.0 ml LB Ap/ Kan broth culture. Both the patch plates and the broth culture are incubated overnight at 37°C in either a standard incubator (plates) or a shaking water bath. A whole cell-based PCR analysis is employed to verify that transformants contained the BASB204 DNA insert. Here, the -1.0 ml overnight LB Ap/Kan broth culture is transferred to a 1.5 ml polypropylene tube and the cells collected by centrifugation in a Beckmann microcentrifuge (-3 min., room temperature, -12,000 X g). The cell pellet is suspended in ~200μl of sterile water and a ~10μl aliquot used to program a ~50μl final volume PCR reaction containing both BASB204 forward and reverse amplification primers. The initial 95°C denaturation step is increased to 3 minutes to ensure thermal disruption ofthe bacterial cells and liberation of plasmid DNA. An ABI Model 9700 thermal cycler and a 32 cycle, three-step thermal amplification profile, i.e. 95°C, 45sec; 55-58°C, 45sec, 72°C, lmin., are used to amplify the BASB204 fragment from the'lysed transformant samples. Following thermal amplification, a ~20μl aliquot ofthe reaction is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8 % agarose in a Tris-acetate- EDTA (TAE) buffer). DNA fragments are visualized by UV illumination after gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. A DNA molecular size standard (1 Kb ladder, Life Technologies) is electrophoresed in parallel with the test samples and is used to estimate the size ofthe PCR products. Transformants that produced the expected size PCR product are identified as strains containing a BASB204 expression construct. Expression plasmid containing strains are then analyzed for the inducible expression of recombinant BASB204.
C: Expression Analysis of PCR-Positive Transformants.
An aliquot ofthe overnight seed culture (-1.0 ml) is inoculated into a 125 ml erlenmeyer flask containing -25 ml of LB Ap/Kan broth and grown at 37 °C with shaking (-250 rpm) until the culture turbidity reached O.D.600 of -0.5, i.e. mid-log phase (usually about 1.5 - 2.0 hours). At this time approximately half of the culture (-12.5 ml) is transferred to a second 125 ml flask and expression of recombinant BASB204 protein induced by the addition of IPTG (1.0 M stock prepared in sterile water, Sigma) to a final concentration of 1.0 mM. Incubation of both the IPTG- induced and non-induced cultures continued for an additional -4 hours at 37 °C with shaking. Samples (-1.0 ml) of both induced and non-induced cultures are removed after the induction period and the cells collected by centrifugation in a microcentrifuge at room temperature for -3 minutes. Individual cell pellets are suspended in ~50μl of sterile water, then mixed with an equal volume of 2X
Laemelli SDS-PAGE sample buffer containing 2-mercaptoethanol, and placed in boiling water bath for -3 min to denature protein. Equal volumes (~15μl) of both the crude IPTG-induced and the non-induced cell lysates are loaded onto duplicate 12% Tris/glycine polyacrylamide gel (1 mm thick Mini-gels, Novex). The induced and non-induced lysate samples are electrophoresed together with prestained molecular weight markers (SeeBlue, Novex) under conventional conditions using a standard SDS/Tris/glycine running buffer (BioRad). Following electrophoresis, one gel is stained with commassie brilliant blue R250 (BioRad) and then destained to visualize novel BASB204 IPTG-inducible protein(s). The second gel is electroblotted onto a PVDF membrane (0.45 micron pore size, Novex) for -2 hrs at 4 °C using a BioRad Mini-Protean II blotting apparatus and Towbin's methanol (20 %) transfer buffer. Blocking ofthe membrane and antibody incubations are performed according to methods well known in the art. A monoclonal anti-RGS (His)3 antibody, followed by a second rabbit anti-mouse antibody conjugated to HRP (QiaGen), is used to confirm the expression and identity of the BASB204 recombinant protein . Visualization ofthe anti-His antibody reactive pattern is achieved using either an ABT insoluble substrate or using Hyperfilm with the Amersham ECL chemiluminescence system.
Example 4: Production of Recombinant BASB204
Bacterial strain A recombinant expression strain of E. coli M15(pREP4) containing a plasmid (pQE60) encoding BASB204 from NT haemophilus influenzae is used to produce cell mass for purification of recombinant protein. The expression strain is cultivated on LB agar plates containing lOOμg/ml ampicillin ("Ap") and 30μg/ml kanamycin ("Km") to ensure that pQE60 and pREP4 are maintained. For cryopreservation at - 80 °C, the strain is propagated in LB broth containing the same concentration of antibiotics then mixed with an equal volume of LB broth containing 30% (w/v) glycerol.
Media The growth medium used for the production of recombinant protein consisted of LB broth (Difco) containing lOOμg/ml Ap and 30 μg/ml-Km. To induce expression of the BASB204 recombinant protein, IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-Thiogalactopyranoside) is added to the culture (1 mM, final).
Fermentation A 100-ml erlenmeyer seed flask, containing 10ml working volume, is inoculated with 0.3 ml of rapidly thawed frozen culture, or several colonies from a selective agar plate culture, and incubated for approximately 12 hours at 37 ± 1°C on a shaking platform at 150rpm (Innova 2100, New Brunswick Scientific). This seed culture is then used to inoculate a 500ml working volume erlen containing LB broth and both Ap and Km antibiotics. IPTG (1.0 M stock, prepared in sterile water) is added to the erlen when the culture reached mid-log of growth {~0.5 O.D.600 units). Cells are induced for 4 hours then harvested by centrifugation using either a 28RS Heraeus (Sepatech) or RC5C superspeed centrifuge (Sorvall Instruments). Cell paste is stored at -20 C until processed.
Example 5: Expression and purification of recombinant BASB204 protein in Escherichia coli.
The construction of the pET-BASB204 cloning/expression vector is described in Example 1. This' vector harbours the BASB204 gene isolated from the non typeable
Haemophilus influenzae strain 3224A in fusion with a stretch of 6 Histidine residues, placed under the control of the strong bacteriophage T7 gene 10 promoter. For expression study, this vector is introduced into the Escherichia coli strain Novablue
(DE3) (Novagen), in which, the gene for the T7 polymerase is placed under the control of the isopropyl-beta-D thiogalactoside (IPTG)-regulatable lac promoter.
Liquid cultures (100 ml) of the Novablue (DE3) [pET-BASB204] E. coli recombinant strain are grown at 37°C under agitation until the optical density at 600nm (OD600) reached 0.6. At that time-point, IPTG is added at a final concentration of ImM and the culture is grown for 4 additional hours. The culture is then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm and the pellet is frozen at -20°C for at least 10 hours. After thawing, the pellet is resuspended during 30 min at 25°C in buffer A (6M guanidine hydrochloride, 0.1M
NaH2PO4, 0.01M Tris, pH 8.0), passed three-times through a needle and clarified by centrifugation (20000rpm, 15 min). The sample is then loaded at a flow-rate of lml/min on a Ni2+ -loaded Hitrap column (Pharmacia Biotech). After passsage of the flowthrough, the column is washed succesively with 40ml of buffer B (8M Urea, 0.1MNaH2PO4, 0.01M Tris, pH 8.0), 40ml of buffer C (8M Urea, 0.1MNaH2PO4, 0.0 IM Tris, pH 6.3). The recombinant protein BASB204/His6 is then eluted from the column with 30ml of buffer D (8M Urea, 0.1MNaH2PO4, 0.01M Tris, pH 6.3) containing 500mM of imidazole and 3ml-size fractions are collected. Highly enriched BASB204/His6 protein can be eluted from the column. This polypeptide is detected by a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against the 5-histidine motif. Moreover, the denatured, recombinant BASB204-His6 protein is solubilized in a solution devoid of urea. For this purpose, denatured BASB204-His6 contained in 8M urea is extensively dialyzed (2 hours) against buffer R (NaCI 150mM, lOmM NaH2PO4, Arginine 0.5M pH6.8) containing successively 6M, 4M, 2M and no urea. Alternatively, this polypeptide is purified under non-denaturing conditions using protocoles described in the Quiexpresssionist booklet (Qiagen Gmbh).
Example 6: Production of Antisera to Recombinant BASB204
Polyvalent antisera directed against the BASB204 protein are generated by vaccinating rabbits with the purified recombinant BASB204 protein. Polyvalent antisera directed against the B ASB204 protein are also generated by vaccinating mice with the purified recombinant BASB204 protein. Animals are bled prior to the first immunization ("pre-bleed") and after the last immunization.
Anti-BASB204 protein titers are measured by an ELISA using purified recombinant BASB204 protein as the coating antigen. The titer is defined as mid-point titers calculated by 4-parameter logistic model using the XL Fit software.The antisera are also used as the first antibody to identify the protein in a western blot as described in example 8 below.
Example 7: Immunological characterization: Surface exposure of BASB204
Anti-BASB204 protein titres are determined by an ELISA using formalin-killed whole cells of non typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). The titer is defined as mid-point titers calculated by 4-parameter logistic model using the XL Fit software.
Example 8. Immunological Characterisation: Western Blot Analysis
Several strains of NTHi, as well as clinical isolates, are grown on Chocolate agar plates for 24 hours at 36°C and 5% CO2. Several colonies are used to inoculate Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth supplemented by NAD and hemin, each at 10 μg/ml. Cultures are grown until the absorbance at 620nm is approximately 0.4 and cells are collected by centrifugation. Cells are then concentrated and solubilized in PAGE sample buffer. The solubilized cells are then resolved on 4-20% polyacrylamide gels and the separated proteins are electrophoretically transferred to PVDF membranes. The PVDF membranes are then pretreated with saturation buffer. All subsequent incubations are carried out using this pretreatment buffer.
PVDF membranes are incubated with preimmune serum or rabbit or mouse immune serum. PVDF membranes are then washed.
PVDF membranes are incubated with biotin-labeled sheep anti-rabbit or mouse Ig.
PVDF membranes are then washed 3 times with wash buffer, and incubated with streptavidin-peroxydase. PVDF membranes are then washed 3 times with wash buffer and developed with 4-chloro- 1 -naphtol.
Example 9: Immunological characterization: Bactericidal Activity
Complement-mediated cytotoxic activity of anti-B ASB204 antibodies is examined to determine the vaccine potential of BASB204 protein antiserum that is prepared as described above. The activities ofthe pre-immune serum and the anti-B ASB204 antiserum in mediating complement killing of NTHi are examined.
Strains of NTHi are grown on plates. Several colonies are added to liquid medium. Cultures are grown and collected until the A620 is approximately 0.4. After one wash step, the pellet is suspended and diluted. Preimmune sera and the anti-BASB204 sera are deposited into the first well of a 96- wells plate and serial dilutions are deposited in the other wells ofthe same line. Live diluted NTHi is subsequently added and the mixture is incubated. Complement is added into each well at a working dilution defined beforehand in a toxicity assay.
Each test includes a complement control (wells without serum containing active or inactivated complement source), a positive control (wells containing senim with a know titer of bactericidal antibodies), a culture control (wells without serum and complement) and a serum control (wells without complement).
Bactericidal activity of rabbit or mice antiserum (50% killing of homologous strain) is measured.
Example 10: Presence of Antibody to BASB204 in Human Convalescent Sera
Western blot analysis of purified recombinant BASB204 is performed as described in Example 5 above, except that a pool of human sera from children infected by NTHi is used as the first antibody preparation.
Example 11: Efficacy of BASB204 vaccine: enhancement of lung clearance of NTHi in mice. This mouse model is based on the analysis ofthe lung invasion by NTHi following a standard intranasal challenge to vaccinated mice.
Groups of mice are immunized with BASB204 vaccine. After the booster, the mice are challenged by instillation of bacterial suspension into the nostril under anaesthesia. Mice are killed between 30 minutes and 24 hours after challenge and the lungs are removed aseptically and homogenized individually. The loglO weighted mean number of CFU/lung is determined by counting the colonies grown on agar plates after plating of dilutions ofthe homogenate. The arithmetic mean of the log 10 weighted mean number of CFU/lung and the standard deviations are calculated for each group. Results are analysed statistically. In this experiment groups of mice are immunized either with BASB204 or with a killed whole cells (kwc) preparation of NTHi or sham immunized.
Example 12: Inhibition of NTHi adhesion onto cells by anti-BASB204 antiserum.
This assay measures the capacity of anti B ASB204 sera to inhibit the adhesion of
NTHi bacteria to epithelial cells. This activity could prevent colonization of the nasopharynx by NTHi.
One volume of bacteria is incubated on ice with one volume of pre-immune or anti- BASB204 immune serum dilution. This mixture is subsequently added in the wells of a 24 well plate containing a confluent cells culture that is washed once with culture medium to remove traces of antibiotic. The plate is centrifuged and incubated.
Each well is then gently washed. After the last wash, sodium glycocholate is added to the wells. After incubation, the cell layer is scraped and homogenised. Dilutions ofthe homogenate are plated on agar plates and incubated. The number of colonies on each plate is counted and the number of bacteria present in each well calculated.
Example 13: Useful Epitopes The B-cell epitopes of a protein are mainly localized'at its surface. To predict B-cell epitopes of BASB204 polypeptide two methods were combined: 2D-structure prediction and antigenic index prediction. The 2D-structure prediction was made using the PSIPRED program (from David Jones, Brunei Bioinformatics Group, Dept. Biological Sciences, Brunei University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK) (Fig.5). The antigenic index was calculated on the basis ofthe method described by Jameson and Wolf (CABIOS 4:181-186 [1988]). The parameters used in this program are the antigenic index and the minimum length for an antigenic peptide. An antigenic index of 0.9 for a minimum of 5 consecutive amino acids was used as thresholds for the program. Peptides comprising good, potential B-cell epitopes are listed in table 4. These can be useful (preferably conjugated or recombinantly joined to a larger protein) in a vaccine composition for the prevention of ntHi infections, as could similar peptides comprising conservative mutations (preferably 70, 80, 95, 99 or 100%) identical to the sequences of table 4) or truncates comprising 5 or more (e.g. 6, 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 20 or 25) amino acids therefrom or extensions comprising e.g. 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 further amino acids at either or both ends from the native context of BASB04 polypeptide which preserve an effective epitope which can elicit an immune response in a host against the BASB204 polypeptide. Table 4: Potential B-cell epitopes from SEQ ID NO:4b
The T-helper cell epitopes are peptides bound to HLA class II molecules and recognized by T-helper cells. The prediction of useful T-helper cell epitopes of B ASB204 polypeptide was based on the TEPITOPE method describe by Sturniolo at al. (Nature Biotech. 17: 555-561 [1999]). Peptides comprising good, potential T-cell epitopes are listed in table 5. These can be useful (preferably conjugated to peptides, polypeptides or polysaccharides) for vaccine purposes, as could similar peptides comprising conservative mutations (preferably 70, 80, 95, 99 or 100%) identical to the sequences below) or truncates comprising 5 or more (e.g. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, or 18) amino acids therefrom or extensions comprising e. g. 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 further amino acids at either or both ends from the native context of BASB204 polypeptide which preserve an effective T-helper epitope from BASB204 polypeptide.
All identified regions containing epitopes as defined above are in respect of SEQ ID NO:2. The corresponding regions in SEQ ID NO:4b as defined by position in table 4 & 5 with respect to SEQ ID NO:2 and by its corresponding peptide in the alignment of figure 2 for SEQ ID NO: 4b are also preferred peptides ofthe invention as described in this example.
Deposited materials
A deposit of sfrain 3 (strain 3224 A) has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) on May 5 2000 and assigned deposit number PTA-1816.
The non typeable Haemophilus influenzaejstr& deposit is referred to herein as "the deposited strain" or as "the DNA ofthe deposited strain."
The deposited strain contains a full length BASB204 polynucleotide sequence.
The sequence ofthe polynucleotides contained in the deposited strain, as well as the amino acid sequence of any polypeptide encoded thereby, are controlling in the event of any conflict with any description of sequences herein.
The deposit ofthe deposited strain has been made under the terms ofthe Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition ofthe Deposit of Micro-organisms for Purposes of Patent Procedure. The deposited strain will be irrevocably and without restriction or condition released to the public upon the issuance of a patent. The deposited sfrain is provided merely as convenience to those of skill in the art and is not an admission that a deposit is required for enablement, such as that required under 35 U.S.C. § 112. A license may be required to make, use or sell the deposited strain, and compounds derived therefrom, and no such license is hereby granted.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. An isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence which has at least 85% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ Group 2 , over the entire length of said sequence from SEQ Group 2 .
2. An isolated polypeptide as claimed in claim 1 in which the amino acid sequence has at least 95% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ Group 2, over the entire length of said sequence from SEQ Group 2 .
3. The polypeptide as claimed in claim 1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ Group 2.
4. An isolated polypeptide of SEQ Group 2 .
5. An immunogenic fragment ofthe polypeptide as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the immunogenic activity of said immunogenic fragment is substantially the same as the polypeptide of SEQ Group 2 .
6. A polypeptide as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 wherein said polypeptide is part of a larger fusion protein.
7. An isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6.
8. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide that has at least 85% identity to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ Group 2 over the entire length of said sequence from SEQ Group 2; or a nucleotide sequence complementary to said isolated polynucleotide.
9. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide--sequence that has at least 85% identity to a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide selected from SEQ Group 2 over the entire coding region; or a nucleotide sequence complementary to said isolated polynucleotide.
10. An isolated polynucleotide which comprises a nucleotide sequence which has at least 85% identity to a DNA sequene selected from SEQ Group 1 over the entire length of said sequence from SEQ Group 1; or a nucleotide sequence complementary to said isolated polynucleotide.
11. The isolated polynucleotide as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10 in which the identity is at least 95% to a DNA sequence selected from SEQ Group 1 .
12. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide selected from SEQ Group 2 .
13. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a polynucleotide selected from SEQ Group 1.
14. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a'ήucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide selected from SEQ Group 2 obtainable by screening an appropriate library under stringent hybridization conditions with a labeled probe having the corresponding DNA sequence of SEQ Group 1 or a fragment thereof.
15. An expression vector or a recombinant live microorganism comprising an isolated polynucleotide according to any one of claims 7 - 14.
16. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 15 or a subcellular fraction or a membrane of said host cell expressing an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that has at least 85%> identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ Group 2 .
17. A process for producing a polypeptide of claims 1 to 6 comprising culturing a host cell of claim 16 under conditions sufficient for the production of said polypeptide and recovering the polypeptide from the culture medium.
18. A process for expressing a polynucleotide of any one of claims 7 - 14 comprising transforming a host cell with the expression vector comprising at least one of said polynucleotides and culturing said host cell under conditions sufficient for expression of any one of said polynucleotides.
19. A vaccine composition comprising an effective amount ofthe polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 6 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
20. A vaccine composition comprising an effective amount ofthe polynucleotide of any one of claims 7 to 14 and a pharmaceutically effective carrier.
21. The vaccine composition according to either one of claims 19 or 20 wherein said composition comprises at least one other non typeable H. influenzae antigen.
22. An antibody immunospecific for the polypeptide or immunological fragment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
23. A method of diagnosing a non typeable H. influenzae infection, comprising identifying a polypeptide as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 6, or an antibody that is immunospecific for said polypeptide, present within a biological sample from an animal suspected of having such an infection.
24. Use of a composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a polypeptide as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 6 in the preparation of a medicament for use in generating an immune response in an animal.
25. Use of a composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a polynucleotide as claimed in any one of claims 7 - 14 in the preparation of a medicament for use in generating an immune response in an animal.
26. A therapeutic composition useful in treating humans with non typeable H. influenzae disease comprising at least one antibody directed against the polypeptide of claims 1 - 6 and a suitable pharmaceutical carrier.
EP01988726A 2000-10-24 2001-10-24 Polypeptides and polynucleotides from haemophilus influenzae and their use Withdrawn EP1328640A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0026002.6A GB0026002D0 (en) 2000-10-24 2000-10-24 Novel compounds
GB0026002 2000-10-24
PCT/EP2001/012390 WO2002034768A2 (en) 2000-10-24 2001-10-24 Polypeptides and polynucleodides from haemophilus influenzae and their use

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1328640A2 true EP1328640A2 (en) 2003-07-23

Family

ID=9901867

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01988726A Withdrawn EP1328640A2 (en) 2000-10-24 2001-10-24 Polypeptides and polynucleotides from haemophilus influenzae and their use

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1328640A2 (en)
AU (1) AU2002221759A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2426887A1 (en)
GB (1) GB0026002D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2002034768A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2330117A1 (en) 2003-03-06 2011-06-08 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Inc. Genes of an otitis media isolate of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
US8283114B2 (en) 2003-03-06 2012-10-09 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Inc. Genes of an otitis media isolate of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
EP1923399A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2008-05-21 Children's Hospital, Inc. Genes of an otitis media isolate of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
GB0410866D0 (en) 2004-05-14 2004-06-16 Chiron Srl Haemophilius influenzae
AU2006224944B2 (en) * 2005-03-18 2012-01-12 Novozymes Adenium Biotech A/S Polypeptides having antimicrobial activity and polynucleotides encoding same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2109700A (en) * 1999-01-22 2000-08-07 Smithkline Beecham Biologicals (Sa) Novel compounds

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0234768A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002034768A3 (en) 2003-01-23
CA2426887A1 (en) 2002-05-02
AU2002221759A1 (en) 2002-05-06
WO2002034768A2 (en) 2002-05-02
GB0026002D0 (en) 2000-12-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1326982B1 (en) Basb205 polypeptides and polynucleotides coding therefor
WO2002034768A2 (en) Polypeptides and polynucleodides from haemophilus influenzae and their use
EP1326887B1 (en) Polypeptide from haemophilus influenza
EP1337554B1 (en) Novel compounds
EP1326885B1 (en) Non typeable Haemophilus influenzae BASB201 polypeptides and polynucleotides and uses thereof
US20040043456A1 (en) Novel compounds
WO2002024729A2 (en) Haemophilus influenzae basb202 polypeptide, production, vaccine and diagnostic use
EP1357939A2 (en) Haemophilus influenza basb212 polynucleotides, polypeptides and use thereof
US20080226637A1 (en) Haemophilus influenzae BASB206 gene and protein
WO2002066503A2 (en) H. influenzae antigen basb213
EP1328541A2 (en) Basb207 polypeptides and polynucleotides from nontypeable haemophilus influenzae
WO2002046215A2 (en) Basb221 polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding basb221 polypeptides
EP1326886A2 (en) Basb208 nucleotide and amino acid sequences from haemophilus influenzae
WO2002088360A2 (en) Haemophilus influenzae antigens

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20030515

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20031017

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20040228