EP1328461B1 - System and device for controlling a load lifting device - Google Patents

System and device for controlling a load lifting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1328461B1
EP1328461B1 EP00907537A EP00907537A EP1328461B1 EP 1328461 B1 EP1328461 B1 EP 1328461B1 EP 00907537 A EP00907537 A EP 00907537A EP 00907537 A EP00907537 A EP 00907537A EP 1328461 B1 EP1328461 B1 EP 1328461B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
drive
signal
path
bearing element
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EP00907537A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1328461A2 (en
Inventor
Gerd Münnekehoff
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/04Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
    • B66C13/06Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for minimising or preventing longitudinal or transverse swinging of loads
    • B66C13/066Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for minimising or preventing longitudinal or transverse swinging of loads for minimising vibration of a boom
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/18Power-operated hoists
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/20Control systems or devices for non-electric drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/005Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with balanced jib, e.g. pantograph arrangement, the jib being moved manually

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control system a load lifting device with a controllable drive, with one connected to the drive, - at least in one Rest position due to gravity - vertically aligned support element, with a load bearing device connected to the support element and with a control circuit for load balancing. Furthermore, the invention relates in particular control method which can be carried out by means of such a system.
  • Systems of the type mentioned are electric and known fluidically driven lifting devices. she serve to avoid a higher physical effort hand-held movements of the load suspension device held loads of all kinds. As a result of load balancing the load hovers at a selected height and can minimal effort into their intended position become.
  • Such a system one on a track construction in at least one horizontal direction includes guided crane trolley is, for example, from the German utility model DE 297 19 865 U1 known.
  • the Carrying element of the known load lifting devices can flexible and can be wound on a drum (rope, chain) or be rigid.
  • a load lifting device with a rigid support element is known for example from DE 4342715 A1.
  • a hand-held manipulator which has a vertical journal to which a horizontally projecting support arm is pivotable.
  • the support arm carries at its end facing away from the bearing journal a lifting device at its lower end Has load handler.
  • the support arm consists of two partial arms connected in series by a joint are connected to each other with a vertical swivel axis and to form a so-called articulated arm.
  • the support arm points another articulated arm formed from two partial arms, which converts with the first to one in a horizontal Level changeable parallelogram added.
  • the present invention is based on the object Control system of the type mentioned and a corresponding one To create procedures with no weight presetting load balancing in a tax-technically simple manner can be realized, with a comfortable operation with a high level of security should.
  • control loop for load balancing a device for generation of a path-dependent signal one essentially corresponds to vertical movement of the support element and serves as an input signal for the control of the drive.
  • the Increase in driving force can with electromotive Drive by a motor current control or with fluid Driven by fluid pressure control, for example with the help of a servo valve.
  • Point of time The achieved weight compensation can be done with the help the device for generating the path-dependent signal be determined.
  • the state of balance has then reached when under the action of the drive the essentially vertical movement of the support element begins.
  • the size of the path-dependent signal can advantageously with a Target value are compared and, if this is reached, can apply the force or the moment applied by the drive the value reached is kept constant.
  • the weight balance is therefore completely automatic.
  • the setpoint is recorded in the millisecond range and is so fast that the vertical No movement of the support element by the operator is perceived and therefore not during operation can be disruptive.
  • the drive can be primarily an electric motor that the Has means for generating the path-dependent signal, like this especially with an electric servo motor is the case in which the path-dependent signal Angle of rotation corresponds and tapped directly from the motor can be.
  • the device for generating the path-dependent signal is coaxial with the drive shaft of the motor arranged, incremental rotation angle measuring disc is.
  • the invention can advantageously also in the case of load lifting devices are used where the drive is a fluidic drive device, such as a pneumatic Piston-cylinder arrangement or a pneumatic one loaded ball screw, is.
  • a fluidic drive device such as a pneumatic Piston-cylinder arrangement or a pneumatic one loaded ball screw
  • the system can be a control for vertical movement of the support element can be provided, which is a control element, a handling device for the load handling device and a device for generating a force-dependent Signal include, the force-dependent signal one of the Handling device vertically acting manipulation force corresponds and designed the control element in this way is that depending on the deviation of the force-dependent signal from a setpoint a control signal for the drive to trigger a movement of the support element emits which of the direction and preferably also corresponds to the size of the manipulation force.
  • both the setpoint specification and the transmission behavior of the control element as a function of an adjusting element changed by a signal corresponding to the load become.
  • Such a management regulation advantageously allows compensation of those occurring in the system according to the invention load-related frictional forces.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that all elements of the system according to the invention, one Have control or regulating function, like the control element the control for the vertical movement of the support element, the setting element for the setpoint of this control, etc. Components of a single programmable logic controller could be.
  • a system for controlling one has Load lifting device 1 on a controllable drive 2, the is arranged in a lifting unit 3.
  • the lifting unit 3 is as at least on a running track construction 4 a horizontal direction X-X guided crane sound trolley educated.
  • Connected to drive 2 is a - at least in a rest position due to gravity - vertical Z-Z aligned support element 5.
  • With the support element 5 is a rope that is flexible (slack) and on a drum located inside the lifting unit 3 6 can be wound up.
  • the lifting unit 3 shows in a first variant that shown in Fig. 2 Sectional view.
  • the lifting unit 3 has a housing 3a, in which the drive 2 a servo motor and the drum 6 for winding the rope are located.
  • a load suspension device is connected to the support element 5 7. This is shown in the Case of a device with an operator 8 manually operated load suspension mechanism, in particular with a collet to hold a load 9 with a cylindrical receiving opening, e.g. a coil.
  • a handling device 10 fixed for the load suspension device 7, which also serves to guide movement.
  • Control of a system includes this one control loop for load balancing.
  • this Control loop is a device 11 for generating a provided path-dependent signal S, which is essentially one vertical movement of the support element 5 corresponds and serves as an input signal for controlling the drive 2.
  • the Control loop further includes a control element 12, the is designed so that it is dependent on one Deviation ⁇ S of the path-dependent signal S from a target value W to an actuator 13 for the drive 2, a control signal R can deliver for the movement of the support element 5.
  • the actuator 13 can, for example, be a device for Change in the motor torque (manipulated variable I) of a Electric motor, such as the servo controller shown in FIG. 2, or the pressure Q in a fluidic device, such as the servo valve shown in FIG. 4.
  • a torque applied by the drive 2 becomes automatic quickly increased until the weight of the ingested Load 9 corresponds.
  • This is used to determine the setting an achieved state of balance for the load 9 the path-dependent signal S is determined.
  • This signal S contains Information about the beginning or the initial course a load movement that begins after weight balancing.
  • the movement of the support element 5 or Load 9 comes to a standstill.
  • the setpoint W can can be given extremely small.
  • the constant engine torque or the pressure Q is a measure of the weight of those located on the load suspension device 7 Last 9 represents and can act as a corresponding signal are processed.
  • a servo motor as drive 2 offers the advantage that he the device 11 for generating the already has or forms path-dependent signal itself, since it has a path-dependent signal S (for an angle of rotation ⁇ the drive shaft).
  • the system according to the invention can advantageously, like this also emerges from Fig. 3, a controller for the have vertical Z-Z movement of the support element 5.
  • the Control shown includes a control member 14, the Handling device 10 for the load suspension device 7 and a device 15 for generating a force-dependent Signal P, which the handling device 10 in essentially vertical Z-Z manipulating force F corresponds.
  • the control member 14 can be such be designed as a function of a deviation ⁇ P of the force-dependent signal P from a setpoint V.
  • Control signal T for the drive 2 to trigger a movement of the support element 5 emits. This movement can then preferably the direction and preferably also the size correspond to the manipulation force F.
  • Fig. 3 further illustrates that the inventive System can have an adjusting member 16, which in Dependence on a signal corresponding to the load 9 (e.g. current I, pressure Q) the setpoint V for the force signal P changes that of the handling device vertically manipulating force F applied.
  • the setting member 16 can also be designed so that it the transmission behavior of the control element 14 changes, which depends on the deviation ⁇ P of the force signal P of the setpoint V, the control signal T for the Drives.
  • this is one Leadership regulation advantageously suitable in load-related friction forces occurring according to the system of the invention, for example on the drum 6 for the support element 5 or to compensate in a transmission.
  • the manipulation power F can be minimized in this way.
  • the control for the vertical Z-Z movement of the support element 5 - including the force to move the load - can (with and without management regulation) regardless of the existence or the type of regulation of load balancing be used.
  • the drive 2 of a system without a control loop for load balancing Speed-controlled via manipulation force F. become.
  • Such control is e.g. particularly suitable for palletizing loads 9, where a vertical Z-Z Movement of the support element 5 as the main feed movement of done top down.
  • the vertical Z-Z movement of the support element 5 (downward movement) depending on the size of the path-dependent signal S be braked.
  • a very “gentle” Settling the load 9 take place because on the last piece of the vertical Z-Z transport path the setpoint V or that Transmission behavior of the actuator 16 designed so can be that one - compared to the circumstances on the rest of the transport route - greater manipulation power F a smaller path of the support element 5 or that located load suspension device corresponds.
  • a such a possibility illustrates the one entered in FIG. 3 signal flow path drawn as a dashed line for the path-dependent signal S.
  • Fig. 3 shows - a safety controller for a manual operable load suspension mechanism of the load suspension device 7, in particular for a tensioning or gripping mechanism, like the collet shown in Fig. 1, provided his.
  • a safety controller can be used with the device 11 for generating the path-dependent signal S and with the device 15 for generating the path-dependent Signal P connected safety control member 17, the manual operation of the load suspension mechanism blocks and only releases (signal B) if at existing force-dependent signal P no path-dependent Signal S is present.
  • the latter is the case if the Load 9 on a support.
  • the load 9 stops moving and consequently no more path-dependent signal S is also detected.
  • the path-dependent signal S can also do this used to exceed a maximum Travel speed of the support member 5 braking bring about.
  • This safety controller can be a sensor 18, in particular a light barrier, for registering the Use of the handling device 10 and a switching element 19, which switches off the drive 2 or the movement of the support element 5 blocked and only then turns on or releases (signal U) when the sensor 18 is in use the handling device 10 signals (signal A).
  • the safety controller for the Load suspension device 10 can advantageously individually or collectively components of a programmable logic controller PLC control. This is shown in Fig. 3 indicated the line comprising the components mentioned.
  • a programmable logic controller PLC control This is shown in Fig. 3 indicated the line comprising the components mentioned.
  • the programmable logic controller PLC can be an advantage near the drive 2, especially in the drive 2 receiving lifting unit 3, may be arranged, as already Fig. 2 shows.
  • a system according to the invention with one already mentioned second drive variant - a fluid one Drive 2 - is shown in analogy to FIG. 2 in FIG. 4.
  • the lifting unit 3 in turn has a housing 3a, in which the drum 6 for winding the rope (support element 5) and as the fluidically acting drive 2 in the simplest
  • a pneumatic cylinder can be located.
  • drawing is another, more well known pneumatic drive 2 indicated.
  • Such a drive 2 can, for example, from a laterally closed Cylinder jacket and ball screw permanently installed in between consist. Through the ball screw one can - when loaded one inside the cylinder jacket Piston generated with compressed air - translatory movement in a rotary motion to drive the drum 6 can be implemented.
  • the device 11 for generating the path-dependent signal S is a in this embodiment incremental angle encoder (encoder), which is preferred coaxial to the drum 6 or - as shown - on a deflecting roller 6a for the supporting element 5 can.
  • the path-dependent signal S thus corresponds to one Angle of rotation ⁇ of the drum 6.
  • a fluidically acting drive 2 can - how the drawing shows - another safety device be provided. These are around a fluidically, in particular pneumatically, acting Brake 20 for the flexible support element 5, in particular for a rope.
  • a fluid Drive device for can advantageously be used for power supply the control circuit for load balancing, the control for the vertical Z-Z movement of the support element 5, the safety controller (s) and / or the programmable logic controller PLC control a particularly interchangeable Accumulator can be provided. A mains power supply is then not necessary.
  • Such an accumulator can e.g. on or be arranged in the handling device 10, so that he simply removed from the system and after a Charging can be reconnected
  • the support element 5 can - in contrast to the described Versions - also rigid, for example as a rack or the like. If such a rack should be used, can be on the drive 2 for the Triggering the movement of a corresponding pinion for meshing teeth be provided in the rod.
  • the facility 11 to generate the path-dependent signal S can also be so be designed, which is a substantially vertical Z-Z Movement of such a rod can be detected. To can also provide the path-dependent signal S. Sensors are used through which a linear path of the Support element 5 is detected directly.
  • the manipulator known from DE 4342715 A1 Similar arrangement can - see FIG. 5 - also in this way be designed so that the support element 5 is a support parallelogram comprises, in the partial arms 30 in joints 31 with a horizontal pivot axis are interconnected, wherein the angular position and the lengths of the partial arms 30 of the Carrying parallelogram within a vertical plane can be changed horizontally (shown in dashed lines).
  • the path-dependent signal S also correspond to an angle of rotation ⁇ , namely one Angle through which two each other via a joint 31 connected partial arms 30 of the parallel parallelogram move against each other.
  • the device 11 for generating the path-dependent signal S can then in turn advantageously incremental angle of rotation measuring disc, which are coaxial to Pivot axis of the joints is arranged.
  • system is in turn a system with fluidic drive 2 (pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder).
  • the device 11 for generating of the path-dependent signal S also on the piston rod arranged transducer for linear position detection his.
  • the load suspension device 10 is simple here formed by a load hook.
  • drive 2 is also a combination a linearly acting fluidic piston-cylinder arrangement with one like a pulley built-up roller arrangement for deflection of movement possible, with an incremental angle of rotation measuring disk as a device 11 for generating the path-dependent signal S coaxially can be arranged to the roles.
  • a sensor for detecting the manipulation force F or to provide the path-dependent signal S can also sensors other than those described here are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for controlling a load lifting device ( 1 ) with a controllable drive ( 2 ) and a lifting element ( 5 ) which is linked with the drive ( 2 ) and which is-at least in a non-operational position due to the gravitational force-vertically (Z-Z) aligned. A load receiving element ( 7 ) is linked with the lifting element ( 5 ). The system further comprises a control circuit for balancing the loads. Said control circuit encompasses a device for producing a path-dependent signal which corresponds to a substantially vertical (Z-Z) movement of the lifting element ( 5 ) and which represents the input signal for the control of the drive ( 2 ).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein System zum Steuern einer Lasthebevorrichtung, mit einem steuerbaren Antrieb, mit einem mit dem Antrieb verbundenen, - zumindest in einer Ruhelage schwerkraftbedingt - vertikal ausgerichteten Tragelement, mit einer mit dem Tragelement verbundenen Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung und mit einem Regelkreis zur Lastbalancierung. Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein insbesondere mittels eines solchen Systems durchführbares Steuerverfahren.The present invention relates to a control system a load lifting device with a controllable drive, with one connected to the drive, - at least in one Rest position due to gravity - vertically aligned support element, with a load bearing device connected to the support element and with a control circuit for load balancing. Furthermore, the invention relates in particular control method which can be carried out by means of such a system.

Systeme der genannten Art sind mit elektromotorisch und fluidisch angetriebenen Lasthebevorrichtungen bekannt. Sie dienen zur Vermeidung eines höheren physischen Aufwands bei handgeführten Bewegungen von an der Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung gehaltenen Lasten aller Art. Infolge der Lastbalancierung schwebt dabei die Last in einer gewählten Höhe und kann mit minimalem Kraftaufwand in ihre Bestimmungsposition geführt werden. Ein derartiges System, das eine an einer Laufschienenkonstruktion in mindestens einer horizontalen Richtung geführte Kran-Laufkatze umfaßt, ist beispielsweise aus dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster DE 297 19 865 U1 bekannt. Das Tragelement der bekannten Lasthebevorrichtungen kann dabei flexibel und auf einer Trommel aufwickelbar (Seil, Kette) oder auch biegesteif sein.Systems of the type mentioned are electric and known fluidically driven lifting devices. she serve to avoid a higher physical effort hand-held movements of the load suspension device held loads of all kinds. As a result of load balancing the load hovers at a selected height and can minimal effort into their intended position become. Such a system, one on a track construction in at least one horizontal direction includes guided crane trolley is, for example, from the German utility model DE 297 19 865 U1 known. The Carrying element of the known load lifting devices can flexible and can be wound on a drum (rope, chain) or be rigid.

Eine Lasthebevorrichtung mit einem biegesteifen Tragelement ist beispielsweise aus der DE 4342715 A1 bekannt. In dieser Offenlegungsschrift wird ein handgeführter Manipulator beschrieben, der einen vertikalen Lagerzapfen aufweist, um den ein horizontal auskragender Tragarm schwenkbar ist. An seinem dem Lagerzapfen abgewandten Ende trägt der Tragarm eine Hubvorrichtung, die an ihrem unteren Ende ein Lastaufnahmemittel aufweist. Der Tragarm besteht aus zwei hintereinandergeschalteten Teilarmen, die durch ein Gelenk mit vertikaler Schwenkachse miteinander verbunden sind und so einen sogenannten Knickarm bilden. Der Tragarm weist einen weiteren aus zwei Teilarmen gebildeten Knickarm auf, der sich mit dem ersten zu einem in einer horizontalen Ebene liegenden veränderbaren Parallelogramm ergänzt.A load lifting device with a rigid support element is known for example from DE 4342715 A1. In this Laid-open specification describes a hand-held manipulator which has a vertical journal to which a horizontally projecting support arm is pivotable. The support arm carries at its end facing away from the bearing journal a lifting device at its lower end Has load handler. The support arm consists of two partial arms connected in series by a joint are connected to each other with a vertical swivel axis and to form a so-called articulated arm. The support arm points another articulated arm formed from two partial arms, which converts with the first to one in a horizontal Level changeable parallelogram added.

Bei einigen bekannten Steuersystemen für Lasthebevorrichtungen muß die Größe des Leergewichtes bzw. der aufzunehmenden Last an einem Regler voreingestellt werden. Zur Vermeidung dieses Nachteils können, wie aus der EP 0 733 579 A1 bekannt ist, auch Mittel zur Gewichtsbestimmung an der Lasthebevorrichtung vorgesehen sein.In some known control systems for lifting devices must be the size of the empty weight or the weight to be taken up Load can be preset on a controller. to This disadvantage can be avoided, as in EP 0 733 579 A1 is known, also means for weight determination the load lifting device.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Steuersystem der genannten Art und ein entsprechendes Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem ohne Gewichtsvoreinstellung die Lastbalancierung auf steuertechnisch einfache Weise realisiert werden kann, wobei auch eine komfortable Bedienung bei gleichzeitig hoher Sicherheit gewährleistet sein soll.The present invention is based on the object Control system of the type mentioned and a corresponding one To create procedures with no weight presetting load balancing in a tax-technically simple manner can be realized, with a comfortable operation with a high level of security should.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß der Regelkreis zur Lastbalancierung eine Einrichtung zur Erzeugung eines wegabhängigen Signals umfaßt, das einer im wesentlichen vertikalen Bewegung des Tragelementes entspricht und als Eingangssignal für die Steuerung des Antriebs dient.According to the invention this is achieved in that the control loop for load balancing a device for generation of a path-dependent signal, one essentially corresponds to vertical movement of the support element and serves as an input signal for the control of the drive.

Nach Aufnahme der Last in der Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung kann so vorteilhafterweise eine vom Antrieb aufgebrachte Kraft oder ein entsprechendes Moment automatisch zügig erhöht werden, bis diese(s) dem Gewicht der Last entspricht. Die Erhöhung der Antriebskraft kann bei elektromorischem Antrieb durch eine Motorstromsteuerung oder bei fluidischem Antrieb durch eine Steuerung des Fluiddrucks, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Servoventils, erfolgen. Der Zeitpunkt der erreichten Gewichtskompensation kann dabei mit Hilfe der Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals ermittelt werden. Der Balancezustand hat sich dann eingestellt, wenn unter Wirkung des Antriebs die im wesentlichen vertikale Bewegung des Tragelementes einsetzt. Die Größe des wegabhängigen Signals kann dabei mit Vorteil mit einem Sollwert verglichen werden und, wenn dieser erreicht ist, kann die vom Antrieb aufgebrachte Kraft bzw. das Moment auf dem erreichten Wert konstant gehalten werden. Die Gewichtsbalancierung erfolgt somit vollständig automatisch. Die Erfassung des Sollwertes vollzieht sich dabei im Millisekundenbereich und ist damit so schnell, daß die vertikale Bewegung des Tragelementes von der Bedienperson nicht wahrgenommen wird und daher bei der Bedienung auch nicht störend wirken kann.After picking up the load in the load suspension device so advantageously a force applied by the drive or a corresponding moment is automatically increased quickly until this corresponds to the weight of the load. The Increase in driving force can with electromotive Drive by a motor current control or with fluid Driven by fluid pressure control, for example with the help of a servo valve. Point of time The achieved weight compensation can be done with the help the device for generating the path-dependent signal be determined. The state of balance has then reached when under the action of the drive the essentially vertical movement of the support element begins. The size of the path-dependent signal can advantageously with a Target value are compared and, if this is reached, can apply the force or the moment applied by the drive the value reached is kept constant. The weight balance is therefore completely automatic. The The setpoint is recorded in the millisecond range and is so fast that the vertical No movement of the support element by the operator is perceived and therefore not during operation can be disruptive.

Der Antrieb kann vornehmlich ein Elektromotor sein, der die Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals aufweist, wie dies insbesondere bei einem elektrischen Servomotor der Fall ist, bei dem das wegabhängige Signal einem Drehwinkel entspricht und direkt vom Motor abgegriffen werden kann. Bei anderen Elektromotoren kann beispielsweise mit Vorteil vorgesehen sein, daß die Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals eine koaxial zur Antriebswelle des Motors angeordnete, inkrementale Drehwinkelmeßscheibe ist.The drive can be primarily an electric motor that the Has means for generating the path-dependent signal, like this especially with an electric servo motor is the case in which the path-dependent signal Angle of rotation corresponds and tapped directly from the motor can be. With other electric motors, for example be provided with advantage that the device for generating the path-dependent signal is coaxial with the drive shaft of the motor arranged, incremental rotation angle measuring disc is.

Die Erfindung kann vorteilhafterweise auch bei Lasthebevorrichtungen zum Einsatz kommen, bei denen der Antrieb eine fluidisch wirkende Antriebseinrichtung, wie eine pneumatische Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung oder eine pneumatisch beaufschlagte Kugelrollspindel, ist.The invention can advantageously also in the case of load lifting devices are used where the drive is a fluidic drive device, such as a pneumatic Piston-cylinder arrangement or a pneumatic one loaded ball screw, is.

Im Sinne einer weiteren bedienungsfreundlichen Gestaltung des Systems kann eine Steuerung für die vertikale Bewegung des Tragelementes vorgesehen sein, die ein Steuerglied, eine Handhabungseinrichtung für die Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung und eine Einrichtung zur Erzeugung eines kraftabhängigen Signals umfassen, wobei das kraftabhängige Signal einer die Handhabungseinrichtung vertikal beaufschlagenden Manipulationskraft entspricht und das Steuerglied derart ausgelegt ist, daß es in Abhängigkeit von der Abweichung des kraftabhängigen Signals von einem Sollwert ein Steuersignal für den Antrieb zur Auslösung einer Bewegung des Tragelementes abgibt, welche der Richtung und vorzugsweise auch der Größe der Manipulationskraft entspricht.In the sense of a further user-friendly design the system can be a control for vertical movement of the support element can be provided, which is a control element, a handling device for the load handling device and a device for generating a force-dependent Signal include, the force-dependent signal one of the Handling device vertically acting manipulation force corresponds and designed the control element in this way is that depending on the deviation of the force-dependent signal from a setpoint a control signal for the drive to trigger a movement of the support element emits which of the direction and preferably also corresponds to the size of the manipulation force.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können dabei sowohl die Sollwertvorgabe als auch das Übertragungsverhalten des Steuergliedes durch ein Einstellglied in Abhängigkeit von einem der Last entsprechenden Signal verändert werden. Eine solche Führungsregelung gestattet mit Vorteil eine Kompensation von im erfindungsgemäßen System auftretenden lastbedingten Reibungskräften.In a further embodiment of the invention both the setpoint specification and the transmission behavior of the control element as a function of an adjusting element changed by a signal corresponding to the load become. Such a management regulation advantageously allows compensation of those occurring in the system according to the invention load-related frictional forces.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß sämtliche Glieder des erfindungsgemäßen Systems, die eine Steuer- oder Regelfunktion besitzen, wie das Steuerglied der Steuerung für die vertikale Bewegung des Tragelementes, das Einstellglied für den Sollwert dieser Steuerung usw. Bestandteile einer einzigen speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung sein können.Another advantage of the invention is that all elements of the system according to the invention, one Have control or regulating function, like the control element the control for the vertical movement of the support element, the setting element for the setpoint of this control, etc. Components of a single programmable logic controller could be.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsmerkmale der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung enthalten.Further advantageous design features of the invention are in the subclaims and the description below contain.

Anhand von bevorzugten, in der Zeichnung veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispielen soll die Erfindung nun genauer erläutert werden. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine prinzipielle Darstellung der Anwendung eines Systems zum Steuern einer Lasthebevorrichtung,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch ein Hubaggregat eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems mit elektromotorisch wirkendem Antrieb,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung der Steuerung eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt durch ein Hubaggregat eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems mit fluidisch wirkendem Antrieb, in vereinfachter Darstellung
Fig. 5
eine weitere Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems, mit einem biegesteifen Tragelement.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show:
Fig. 1
a basic representation of the application of a system for controlling a load lifting device,
Fig. 2
2 shows a section through a lifting unit of a system according to the invention with an electromotive drive,
Fig. 3
1 shows a schematic representation of the control of a system according to the invention,
Fig. 4
a section through a lifting unit of a system according to the invention with a fluidically acting drive, in a simplified representation
Fig. 5
a further embodiment of a system according to the invention, with a rigid support element.

In den verschiedenen Figuren der Zeichnung sind dieselben Teile auch stets mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen, so daß sie in der Regel auch jeweils nur einmal beschrieben werden.The same in the different figures of the drawing Parts always have the same reference numerals, see above that they are usually only described once become.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, weist ein System zum Steuern einer Lasthebevorrichtung 1 einen steuerbaren Antrieb 2 auf, der in einem Hubaggregat 3 angeordnet ist. Das Hubaggregat 3 ist als eine an einer Laufschienenkonstruktion 4 in mindestens einer horizontalen Richtung X-X geführte Kran-Lautkatze ausgebildet. Mit dem Antrieb 2 verbundenen ist ein - zumindest in einer Ruhelage schwerkraftbedingt - vertikal Z-Z ausgerichteten Tragelement 5. Bei dem Tragelement 5 handelt es sich um Seil, das flexibel (biegeschlaff) und auf eine im Inneren des Hubaggregates 3 befindliche.Trommel 6 aufwickelbar ist.As shown in FIG. 1, a system for controlling one has Load lifting device 1 on a controllable drive 2, the is arranged in a lifting unit 3. The lifting unit 3 is as at least on a running track construction 4 a horizontal direction X-X guided crane sound trolley educated. Connected to drive 2 is a - at least in a rest position due to gravity - vertical Z-Z aligned support element 5. With the support element 5 is a rope that is flexible (slack) and on a drum located inside the lifting unit 3 6 can be wound up.

Wie das Hubaggregat 3 im einzelnen ausgebildet sein kann, zeigt in einer ersten Variante die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Schnittdarstellung. Das Hubaggregat 3 besitzt ein Gehäuse 3a, in dem sich als elektromotorisch wirkendem Antrieb 2 ein Servomotor und die Trommel 6 zum Aufwickeln des Seiles befinden.How the lifting unit 3 can be designed in detail, shows in a first variant that shown in Fig. 2 Sectional view. The lifting unit 3 has a housing 3a, in which the drive 2 a servo motor and the drum 6 for winding the rope are located.

Mit dem Tragelement 5 verbundenen ist eine Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung 7. Bei dieser handelt es sich im dargestellten Fall um eine Einrichtung mit einem durch eine Bedienperson 8 manuell bedienbaren Lastaufnahmemechanismus, insbesondere mit einer Spannzange zur Aufnahme einer Last 9 mit einer zylinderförmigen Aufnahmeöffnung, wie z.B. einer Spule.A load suspension device is connected to the support element 5 7. This is shown in the Case of a device with an operator 8 manually operated load suspension mechanism, in particular with a collet to hold a load 9 with a cylindrical receiving opening, e.g. a coil.

Am freien Ende des Tragelementes 5 ist eine Handhabungseinrichtung 10 für die Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung 7 befestigt, die auch zur Bewegungsführung dient.At the free end of the support element 5 is a handling device 10 fixed for the load suspension device 7, which also serves to guide movement.

Wie die in Fig. 3 gezeigte schematische Darstellung der Steuerung eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems zeigt, umfaßt dieses einen Regelkreis zur Lastbalancierung. In diesem Regelkreis ist eine Einrichtung 11 zur Erzeugung eines wegabhängigen Signals S vorgesehen, das einer im wesentlichen vertikalen Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 entspricht und als Eingangssignal zur Steuerung des Antriebs 2 dient. Der Regelkreis beinhaltet des weiteren ein Regelglied 12, das derart ausgelegt ist, daß es in Abhängigkeit von einer Abweichung ΔS des wegabhängigen Signals S von einem Sollwert W an ein Stellglied 13 für den Antrieb 2 ein Regelsignal R für die Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 abgeben kann. Das Stellglied 13 kann'beispielsweise eine Einrichtung zur Veränderung des Motordrehmomentes (Stellgröße I) eines Elektromotors, wie der in Fig. 2 dargestellte Servoregler, oder des Druckes Q in einer fluidischen Einrichtung, wie das in Fig. 4 dargestellte Servoventil, sein. As the schematic representation of the shown in Fig. 3 Control of a system according to the invention shows includes this one control loop for load balancing. In this Control loop is a device 11 for generating a provided path-dependent signal S, which is essentially one vertical movement of the support element 5 corresponds and serves as an input signal for controlling the drive 2. The Control loop further includes a control element 12, the is designed so that it is dependent on one Deviation ΔS of the path-dependent signal S from a target value W to an actuator 13 for the drive 2, a control signal R can deliver for the movement of the support element 5. The actuator 13 can, for example, be a device for Change in the motor torque (manipulated variable I) of a Electric motor, such as the servo controller shown in FIG. 2, or the pressure Q in a fluidic device, such as the servo valve shown in FIG. 4.

Nach Aufnahme einer Last 9 mittels der Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung 7 wird ein vom Antrieb 2 aufgebrachtes Moment automatisch zügig erhöht, bis dieses dem Gewicht der aufgenommenen Last 9 entspricht. Dabei wird zur Ermittlung der Einstellung eines erreichten Balancezustandes für die Last 9 das wegabhängige Signal S ermittelt. Dieses Signal S beinhaltet eine Information über den Beginn bzw. den Anfangsverlauf einer nach Gewichtsausgleich einsetzenden Lastbewegung. Das wegabhängige Signal S wird mit dem Sollwert W verglichen (Bildung der Abweichung ΔS). Wenn Übereinstimmung von Signal S und Sollwert W vorliegt (ΔS=0), wird das vom Antrieb 2 aufgebrachte Moment auf dem erreichten Wert konstant gehalten. Zur Konstantschaltung dient dabei das Regelsignal R. Die Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 bzw. der Last 9 kommt dadurch zum Stillstand. Der Sollwert W kann dabei mit Vorteil äußerst klein vorgegeben werden. Das konstante Motormoment oder der Druck Q stellt ein Maß für das Gewicht der an der Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung 7 befindlichen Last 9 dar und kann als ein dementsprechendes Signal verarbeitet werden.After picking up a load 9 by means of the load suspension device 7 a torque applied by the drive 2 becomes automatic quickly increased until the weight of the ingested Load 9 corresponds. This is used to determine the setting an achieved state of balance for the load 9 the path-dependent signal S is determined. This signal S contains Information about the beginning or the initial course a load movement that begins after weight balancing. The path-dependent signal S is with the setpoint W compared (formation of the deviation ΔS). If match of signal S and setpoint W is present (ΔS = 0) Torque applied by drive 2 to the value reached kept constant. This is used for constant switching Control signal R. The movement of the support element 5 or Load 9 comes to a standstill. The setpoint W can can be given extremely small. The constant engine torque or the pressure Q is a measure of the weight of those located on the load suspension device 7 Last 9 represents and can act as a corresponding signal are processed.

Der Einsatz eines Servomotors als Antrieb 2 bietet dabei den Vorteil, das er die Einrichtung 11 zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals bereits selbst aufweist bzw. bildet, da er ein wegabhängiges Signal S (für einen Drehwinkel α der Antriebswelle) liefert.The use of a servo motor as drive 2 offers the advantage that he the device 11 for generating the already has or forms path-dependent signal itself, since it has a path-dependent signal S (for an angle of rotation α the drive shaft).

Das erfindungsgemäße System kann mit Vorteil, wie dies ebenfalls aus Fig. 3 hervorgeht, eine Steuerung für die vertikale Z-Z Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 aufweisen. Die dargestellte Steuerung umfaßt ein Steuerglied 14, die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 für die Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung 7 und eine Einrichtung 15 zur Erzeugung eines kraftabhängigen Signals P, das einer die Handhabungseinrichtung 10 im wesentlichen vertikal Z-Z beaufschlagenden Manipulationskraft F entspricht. Das Steuerglied 14 kann dabei derart ausgelegt sein, daß es in Abhängigkeit von einer Abweichung ΔP des kraftabhängigen Signals P von einem Sollwert V ein Steuersignal T für den Antrieb 2 zur Auslösung einer Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 abgibt. Diese Bewegung kann dann vorzugsweise der Richtung und vorzugsweise auch der Größe der Manipulationskraft F entsprechen.The system according to the invention can advantageously, like this also emerges from Fig. 3, a controller for the have vertical Z-Z movement of the support element 5. The Control shown includes a control member 14, the Handling device 10 for the load suspension device 7 and a device 15 for generating a force-dependent Signal P, which the handling device 10 in essentially vertical Z-Z manipulating force F corresponds. The control member 14 can be such be designed as a function of a deviation ΔP of the force-dependent signal P from a setpoint V. Control signal T for the drive 2 to trigger a movement of the support element 5 emits. This movement can then preferably the direction and preferably also the size correspond to the manipulation force F.

Fig. 3 veranschaulicht des weiteren, daß das erfindungsgemäße System ein Einstellglied 16 aufweisen kann, das in Abhängigkeit von einem der Last 9 entsprechenden Signal (z.B. Strom I, Druck Q) den Sollwert V für das Kraftsignal P verändert, das der die Handhabungseinrichtung vertikal beaufschlagenden Manipulationskraft F entspricht. Außerdem kann das Einstellglied 16 auch so konzipiert werden, daß es das Übertragungsverhalten des Steuergliedes 14 verändert, welches in Abhängigkeit von der Abweichung ΔP des Kraftsignals P von dem Sollwert V das Steuersignal T für den Antrieb abgibt. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist eine solche Führungsregelung vorteilhafterweise dazu geeignet, im erfindungsgemäßen System auftretende lastbedingte Reibungskräfte, beispielsweise an der Trommel 6 für das Tragelement 5 oder in einem Getriebe zu kompensieren. Die Manipulationskraft F kann auf diese Weise minimiert werden.Fig. 3 further illustrates that the inventive System can have an adjusting member 16, which in Dependence on a signal corresponding to the load 9 (e.g. current I, pressure Q) the setpoint V for the force signal P changes that of the handling device vertically manipulating force F applied. Moreover the setting member 16 can also be designed so that it the transmission behavior of the control element 14 changes, which depends on the deviation ΔP of the force signal P of the setpoint V, the control signal T for the Drives. As already mentioned, this is one Leadership regulation advantageously suitable in load-related friction forces occurring according to the system of the invention, for example on the drum 6 for the support element 5 or to compensate in a transmission. The manipulation power F can be minimized in this way.

Die Steuerung für die vertikale Z-Z Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 - einschließlich der Kraft zur Lastbewegung - kann (mit und ohne Führungsregelung) unabhängig vom Vorhandensein bzw. der Art der Regelung der Lastbalancierung eingesetzt werden. So kann beispielsweise der Antrieb 2 eines Systems ohne Regelkreis zur Lastbalancierung unmittelbar über die Manipulationskraft F drehzahlgesteuert werden. Eine solche Steuerung ist z.B. besonders geeignet für das Palettieren von Lasten 9, bei dem eine vertikale Z-Z Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 als Hauptzustellbewegung von oben nach unten erfolgt. Dabei kann mit Vorteil die vertikale Z-Z Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 (Abwärts-Bewegung) in Abhängigkeit von der Größe des wegabhängigen Signals S gebremst werden. Beispielsweise kann so ein ganz "sanftes" Absetzen der Last 9 erfolgen, weil auf dem letzten Stück des vertikalen Z-Z Transportweges der Sollwert V bzw. das Übertragungsverhalten des Stellgliedes 16 so gestaltet werden kann, daß einer - verglichen mit den Verhältnissen auf dem übrigen Transportweg - größere Manipulationskraft F einem kleineren Weg des Tragelementes 5 bzw. der daran befindlichen Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung entspricht. Eine solche Möglichkeit veranschaulicht die in Fig. 3 eingetragene als Strichlinie gezeichnete Signalflußbahn für das wegabhängige Signal S.The control for the vertical Z-Z movement of the support element 5 - including the force to move the load - can (with and without management regulation) regardless of the existence or the type of regulation of load balancing be used. For example, the drive 2 of a system without a control loop for load balancing Speed-controlled via manipulation force F. become. Such control is e.g. particularly suitable for palletizing loads 9, where a vertical Z-Z Movement of the support element 5 as the main feed movement of done top down. The vertical Z-Z movement of the support element 5 (downward movement) depending on the size of the path-dependent signal S be braked. For example, a very "gentle" Settling the load 9 take place because on the last piece of the vertical Z-Z transport path the setpoint V or that Transmission behavior of the actuator 16 designed so can be that one - compared to the circumstances on the rest of the transport route - greater manipulation power F a smaller path of the support element 5 or that located load suspension device corresponds. A such a possibility illustrates the one entered in FIG. 3 signal flow path drawn as a dashed line for the path-dependent signal S.

Das erfindungsgemäße System kann zur Erhöhung der Arbeitssicherheit der Bedienperson 8 mit mehreren Sicherheitsfunktionen ausgestattet sein. So kann - auch dies geht aus Fig. 3 hervor - eine Sicherheitssteuerung für einen manuell bedienbaren Lastaufnahmemechanismus der Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung 7, insbesondere für einen Spann- oder Greifmechanismus, wie die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Spannzange, vorgesehen sein. Eine solche Sicherheitssteuerung kann ein mit der Einrichtung 11 zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals S und mit der Einrichtung 15 zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals P verbundenes Sicherheits-Steuerglied 17 aufweisen, das die manuelle Bedienung des Lastaufnahmemechanismus sperrt und nur dann freigibt (Signal B), wenn bei vorhandenem kraftabhängigen Signal P kein wegabhängiges Signal S vorliegt. Letzteres ist dann der Fall, wenn die Last 9 auf einer Auflage aufsetzt. Trotz einer, insbesondere vertikal Z-Z nach unten gerichteten, Manipulationskraft F, bewegt sich die Last 9 dann nicht mehr und demzufolge wird auch kein wegabhängiges Signal S mehr erfaßt.The system according to the invention can be used to increase occupational safety the operator 8 with several security functions be equipped. So can - this also goes out Fig. 3 shows - a safety controller for a manual operable load suspension mechanism of the load suspension device 7, in particular for a tensioning or gripping mechanism, like the collet shown in Fig. 1, provided his. Such a safety controller can be used with the device 11 for generating the path-dependent signal S and with the device 15 for generating the path-dependent Signal P connected safety control member 17, the manual operation of the load suspension mechanism blocks and only releases (signal B) if at existing force-dependent signal P no path-dependent Signal S is present. The latter is the case if the Load 9 on a support. Despite one, in particular vertical Z-Z downward, manipulation force F, the load 9 then stops moving and consequently no more path-dependent signal S is also detected.

Das wegabhängige Signals S kann des weiteren auch dazu benutzt werden, um bei Überschreitung einer maximalen Verfahrgeschwindigkeit des Tragelementes 5 eine Bremsung herbeizuführen.The path-dependent signal S can also do this used to exceed a maximum Travel speed of the support member 5 braking bring about.

Für den Antrieb 2 und/oder zur Blockierung der Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 kann eine weitere Sicherheitssteuerung in das erfindungsgemäßen System integriert sein. Auch diese zeigt Fig. 3. Diese Sicherheitssteuerung kann einen Sensor 18, insbesondere eine Lichtschranke, zur Registrierung der Benutzung der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 und ein Schaltglied 19 aufweisen, das den Antrieb 2 abschaltet bzw. die Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 blockiert und nur dann anschaltet bzw. freigibt (Signal U), wenn der Sensor 18 die Benutzung der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 signalisiert (Signal A).For the drive 2 and / or to block the movement of the Carrying element 5 can in another safety control the system according to the invention can be integrated. This too shows Fig. 3. This safety controller can be a sensor 18, in particular a light barrier, for registering the Use of the handling device 10 and a switching element 19, which switches off the drive 2 or the movement of the support element 5 blocked and only then turns on or releases (signal U) when the sensor 18 is in use the handling device 10 signals (signal A).

Das Regelglied 12 des Regelkreises zur Lastbalancierung und/oder das Steuerglied 14 der Steuerung für die vertikale Bewegung des Tragelementes 5 und/oder das Einstellglied 16 für den Sollwert V dieser Steuerung und/oder das Schaltglied 19 der Sicherheitssteuerung für den Antrieb 2 bzw. zur Blockierung des Tragelementes 5 und/oder das Sicherheits-Steuerglied 17 der Sicherheitssteuerung für die Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung 10 können vorteilhafterweise einzeln oder gemeinsam Bestandteile einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung SPS sein. Dies ist in Fig. 3 durch den die genannten Bauteile umfassenden Linienzug angedeutet. Insbesondere ist neben der individuellen Anpassungsmöglichkeit an die unterschiedlichsten Handhabungsaufgaben durch die speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung SPS aufgrund einer digitalisierten Signalverarbeitung auch eine sehr günstige und flexible Beeinflussung des dynamischen Verhaltens des Steuerungssystems möglich.The control element 12 of the control circuit for load balancing and / or the control element 14 of the control for the vertical Movement of the support element 5 and / or the adjusting member 16 for the setpoint V of this controller and / or the switching element 19 of the safety control for drive 2 or to block the support element 5 and / or the safety control member 17 the safety controller for the Load suspension device 10 can advantageously individually or collectively components of a programmable logic controller PLC control. This is shown in Fig. 3 indicated the line comprising the components mentioned. In addition to the individual customization option to a wide variety of handling tasks thanks to the programmable logic controller PLC digitized signal processing is also a very favorable and flexible influencing of dynamic behavior of the control system possible.

Die speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung SPS kann mit Vorteil in der Nähe des Antriebs 2, insbesondere in.dem den Antrieb 2 aufnehmenden Hubaggregat 3, angeordnet sein, wie dies bereits Fig. 2 zeigt. The programmable logic controller PLC can be an advantage near the drive 2, especially in the drive 2 receiving lifting unit 3, may be arranged, as already Fig. 2 shows.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes System mit einer bereits erwähnten zweiten Antriebsvariante - einem fluidisch wirkendem Antrieb 2 - ist in Analogie zu Fig. 2 in Fig. 4 dargestellt. Das Hubaggregat 3 besitzt wiederum ein Gehäuse 3a, in dem sich die Trommel 6 zum Aufwickeln des Seiles (Tragelement 5) und als fluidisch wirkender Antrieb 2 im einfachsten Fall ein Pneumatikzylinder befinden kann. In der Zeichnung ist allerdings ein anderer, an sich bekannter pneumatischer Antrieb 2 angedeutet. Ein solcher Antrieb 2 kann beispielsweise aus einem seitlich verschlossenen Zylindermantel und dazwischen fest eingebauter Kugelspindel bestehen. Durch die Kugelspindel kann eine - bei Beaufschlagung eines innerhalb des Zylindermantels befindlichen Kolbens mit Druckluft entstehende - translatorische Bewegung in eine rotatorische Bewegung zum Antrieb der Trommel 6 umgesetzt werden. Die Einrichtung 11 zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals S ist bei dieser Ausführung eine inkrementale Drehwinkelmeßscheibe (Encoder), die vorzugsweise koaxial zur Trommel 6 oder - wie dargestellt - an einer Umlenkrolle 6a für das Tragelement 5 angeordnet sein kann. Das wegabhängige Signal S entspricht somit einem Drehwinkel α der Trommel 6. Für ein erfindungsgemäßes System mit einem fluidisch wirkenden Antrieb 2 kann - wie die zeichnerische Darstellung zeigt - eine weitere Sicherheitseinrichtung vorgesehen sein. Es handelt sich dabei um eine fluidisch, insbesondere pneumatisch, wirkende Bremse 20 für das flexible Tragelement 5, insbesondere für ein Seil. A system according to the invention with one already mentioned second drive variant - a fluid one Drive 2 - is shown in analogy to FIG. 2 in FIG. 4. The lifting unit 3 in turn has a housing 3a, in which the drum 6 for winding the rope (support element 5) and as the fluidically acting drive 2 in the simplest In case a pneumatic cylinder can be located. In the However, drawing is another, more well known pneumatic drive 2 indicated. Such a drive 2 can, for example, from a laterally closed Cylinder jacket and ball screw permanently installed in between consist. Through the ball screw one can - when loaded one inside the cylinder jacket Piston generated with compressed air - translatory movement in a rotary motion to drive the drum 6 can be implemented. The device 11 for generating the path-dependent signal S is a in this embodiment incremental angle encoder (encoder), which is preferred coaxial to the drum 6 or - as shown - on a deflecting roller 6a for the supporting element 5 can. The path-dependent signal S thus corresponds to one Angle of rotation α of the drum 6. For an inventive System with a fluidically acting drive 2 can - how the drawing shows - another safety device be provided. These are around a fluidically, in particular pneumatically, acting Brake 20 for the flexible support element 5, in particular for a rope.

Insbesondere beim Vorhandensein einer fluidisch wirkenden Antriebseinrichtung zur kann mit Vorteil zur Stromversorgung des Regelkreises zur Lastbalancierung, der Steuerung für die vertikale Z-Z Bewegung des Tragelementes 5, der Sicherheitssteuerung(en) und/oder der speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung SPS ein insbesondere austauschbarer Akkumulator vorgesehen sein. Eine Netzstromversorgung ist dann nicht notwendig. Ein solcher Akkumulator kann z.B. an oder in der Handhabungseinrichtung 10 angeordnet sein, so daß er einfach aus dem System entnommen und nach einem Aufladen wieder angeschlossen werden kann,Especially in the presence of a fluid Drive device for can advantageously be used for power supply the control circuit for load balancing, the control for the vertical Z-Z movement of the support element 5, the safety controller (s) and / or the programmable logic controller PLC control a particularly interchangeable Accumulator can be provided. A mains power supply is then not necessary. Such an accumulator can e.g. on or be arranged in the handling device 10, so that he simply removed from the system and after a Charging can be reconnected

Das Tragelement 5 kann - im Gegensatz zu den beschriebenen Ausführungen - auch starr, beispielsweise als Zahnstange oder dergleichen, ausgebildet sein. Falls eine solche Zahnstange zum Einsatz kommen soll, kann am Antrieb 2 für die Auslösung der Bewegung ein entsprechendes Ritzel zum Zahneingriff in die Stange vorgesehen sein. Die Einrichtung 11 zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals S kann dann auch so konzipiert werden, das eine im wesentlichen vertikale Z-Z Bewegung einer solchen Stange erfaßt werden kann. Dazu können zur Bereitstellung des wegabhängigen Signals S auch Sensoren verwendet werden, durch die ein linearer Weg des Tragelementes 5 direkt erfaßt wird.The support element 5 can - in contrast to the described Versions - also rigid, for example as a rack or the like. If such a rack should be used, can be on the drive 2 for the Triggering the movement of a corresponding pinion for meshing teeth be provided in the rod. The facility 11 to generate the path-dependent signal S can also be so be designed, which is a substantially vertical Z-Z Movement of such a rod can be detected. To can also provide the path-dependent signal S. Sensors are used through which a linear path of the Support element 5 is detected directly.

Auf eine weitere Möglichkeit einer biegesteifen Ausbildung des Tragelements wurde bereits eingangs hingewiesen. Eine solche, dem aus der DE 4342715 A1 bekannten Manipulator ähnliche Anordnung kann - vergleiche Fig. 5 - auch derart ausgebildet sein, daß das Tragelement 5 ein Tragparallelogramm umfaßt, in dem Teilarme 30 in Gelenken 31 mit einer horizontalen Schwenkachse miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Winkelstellung und die Längen der Teilarme 30 des Tragparallelogramms innerhalb einer vertikalen Ebene liegend veränderbar sind (Darstellung in Strichlinien). Bei einer solchen Anordnung kann das wegabhängige Signal S ebenfalls einem Drehwinkel α entsprechen, und zwar einem Winkel, um den sich jeweils zwei über ein Gelenk 31 miteinander verbundene Teilarme 30 des Tragparallelogramms gegeneinander bewegen. Die Einrichtung 11 zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals S kann dann mit Vorteil wiederum eine inkrementale Drehwinkelmeßscheibe sein, die koaxial zur Schwenkachse der Gelenke angeordnet ist. Bei dem in Fig. 5 gezeigten System handelt es sich wiederum um ein System mit fluidischem Antrieb 2 (Pneumatik oder Hydraulikzylinder). Für ein solches System kann die Einrichtung 11 zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals S auch ein an der Kolbenstange angeordneter Aufnehmer zur linearen Wegerfassung sein. Die Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung 10 ist hier einfacherweise durch einen Lasthaken gebildet. Another possibility of rigid training of the support element has already been mentioned at the beginning. A such, the manipulator known from DE 4342715 A1 Similar arrangement can - see FIG. 5 - also in this way be designed so that the support element 5 is a support parallelogram comprises, in the partial arms 30 in joints 31 with a horizontal pivot axis are interconnected, wherein the angular position and the lengths of the partial arms 30 of the Carrying parallelogram within a vertical plane can be changed horizontally (shown in dashed lines). at such an arrangement, the path-dependent signal S also correspond to an angle of rotation α, namely one Angle through which two each other via a joint 31 connected partial arms 30 of the parallel parallelogram move against each other. The device 11 for generating the path-dependent signal S can then in turn advantageously incremental angle of rotation measuring disc, which are coaxial to Pivot axis of the joints is arranged. In the case of FIG. 5 shown system is in turn a system with fluidic drive 2 (pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder). For such a system, the device 11 for generating of the path-dependent signal S also on the piston rod arranged transducer for linear position detection his. The load suspension device 10 is simple here formed by a load hook.

Aus den vorstehenden Ausführungen geht bereits hervor, daß die vorliegende Erfindung nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt ist, sondern auch alle im Sinne der Erfindung gleichwirkenden Mittel und Maßnahmen umfaßt, wie hier nicht beschriebene Ausführungen des Antriebs 2. Beispielsweise ist als Antrieb 2 auch eine Kombination einer linear wirkenden fluidischen Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung mit einer nach der Art eines Flaschenzuges aufgebauten Rollenanordnung zur Bewegungsumlenkung möglich, wobei eine inkrementale Drehwinkelmeßscheibe als Einrichtung 11 zur Erzeugung des wegabhängigen Signals S koaxial zu den Rollen angeordnet sein kann.It is already clear from the foregoing that the present invention is not limited to the illustrated Embodiments is limited, but also all in Means and measures having the same effect according to the invention includes, as here not described versions of the Drive 2. For example, drive 2 is also a combination a linearly acting fluidic piston-cylinder arrangement with one like a pulley built-up roller arrangement for deflection of movement possible, with an incremental angle of rotation measuring disk as a device 11 for generating the path-dependent signal S coaxially can be arranged to the roles.

Als Aufnehmer zur Erfassung der Manipulationskraft F oder zur Bereitstellung des wegabhängigen Signals S können auch andere als die hier beschriebenen Sensoren eingesetzt werden.As a sensor for detecting the manipulation force F or to provide the path-dependent signal S can also sensors other than those described here are used.

Weiterhin sind dem Fachmann vielfache Möglichkeiten zur weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung gegeben. So kann der Lasthebevorrichtung 1 für ihre Bewegungen in horizontaler Richtung X-X und/oder Y-Y auch mindestens eine Antriebseinrichtung zugeordnet sein, die in Abhängigkeit von einer - ausgehend von der sich schwerkraftbedingt in Ruhelage selbstätig einstellenden vertikalen Ausrichtung Z-Z - aufgezwungenen Auslenkung des Tragelementes 5 ansteuerbar ist und dazu ein spezielles Steuersystem aufweist. Diesbezüglich wird in vollem Umfang auf das eingangs genannte deutsche Gebrauchsmuster DE 297 19 865 U1 Bezug genommen.Furthermore, the person skilled in the art has numerous options for given further embodiment of the invention. So he can Load lifting device 1 for their movements in horizontal Direction X-X and / or Y-Y also at least one drive device assigned, which depending on a - starting from the gravity-related at rest self-adjusting vertical alignment Z-Z - forced Deflection of the support element 5 can be controlled and also has a special control system. In this regard, is in full on the above German utility model DE 297 19 865 U1 referred.

Claims (17)

  1. System for controlling a load-lifting apparatus (1), having a controllable drive (2), having a load-bearing element (5) which is connected to the drive (2) and is aligned vertically (Z-Z) - as a result of gravitational force at least in a rest position - having a load-receiving device (7) which is connected to the load-bearing element (5), and having a control circuit for load-balancing purposes, characterized in that the control circuit for load-balancing purposes comprises a device (11) for generating a path-dependent signal (S), which corresponds to an essentially vertical (Z-Z) movement of the load-bearing element (5) and serves as an input signal for controlling the drive (2).
  2. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drive (2) is an electric motor and has the device (11) for generating the path-dependent signal (S), and is designed, in particular, as an electric servomotor.
  3. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drive (2) is a fluidically acting drive device, such as a pneumatic piston/cylinder arrangement or a pneumatically activated recirculating ball screw.
  4. System according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the load-bearing element (5) is designed, at least in part, rigidly, e.g. as a rack.
  5. System according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the load-bearing element (5) comprises a load-bearing parallelogram in which four sub-arms are connected to one another at joints with a horizontal pivot axis, it being possible to change preferably the angle position and the lengths of the sub-arms of the load-bearing parallelogram located within a vertical plane.
  6. System according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the load-bearing element (5) can be wound up flexibly and on a drum (6).
  7. System according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the path-dependent signal (S) corresponds to an angle of rotation (α), in particular to an angle of rotation of the drum (6) or to an angle by which in each case two sub-arms of the load-bearing parallelogram, which are connected to one another via a joint, move in relation to one another.
  8. System according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the device (11) for generating the path-dependent signal (S) is an angular positioning measurement device(incremental encoder) which is arranged coaxially with the drum (6), with the drive shaft of the drive (2), such as the drive shaft of an electric motor, or with a deflecting disc or with a pivot axis of joints of a load-bearing parallelogram.
  9. System according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the control circuit comprises a controller (12) which is designed such that, in dependence on a deviation (ΔS) of the path-dependent signal (S) from a desired value (W), it emits, to an actuating element (13) for the drive (2), a control signal (R) for the vertical (Z-Z) movement of the load-bearing element (5).
  10. System according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized by a controller for the vertical (Z-Z) movement of the load-bearing element (5), comprising a control member (14), a handling device (10) for the/a load-receiving device (7) and a device (15) for generating a force-dependent signal (P), which corresponds to a manipulation force (F) acting essentially vertically (Z-Z) on the handling device (10), the control member (14) being designed such that, in dependence on a deviation (ΔP) of the force-dependent signal (P) from a desired value (V), it emits a control signal (T) for the/a drive (2) for the purpose of initiating a vertical (Z-Z) movement of the load-bearing element (5), said movement corresponding to the direction and preferably also the magnitude of the manipulation force (F).
  11. System according to Claim 10, characterized by a setting device (16) which is connected, in particular, to the drive (2), or the actuating element (13) thereof, and, in dependence on a signal (I, Q) corresponding to a load (9) and/or on the path-dependent signal (S), which corresponds to an essentially vertical (Z-Z) movement of the load-bearing element (5), changes the desired value (V) for the force signal (P), which corresponds to the manipulation force (F) acting vertically (Z-Z) on the handling device (10), and/or changes the transfer behavior of the open loop control element (14), which, in dependence on the deviation (ΔP) of the force signal (P) from the desired value (V), emits the open loop control signal (T) for the drive (2) for the purpose of initiating a vertical (Z-Z) movement of the load-bearing element (5).
  12. System according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the controller (12) of the control circuit for load-balancing purposes and/or the open loop control element (14) of the open loop control for the vertical (Z-Z) movement of the load-bearing element (5) and/or the setting device (16) for the desired value (V) of said open loop control is a constituent part/are constituent parts of a programmable logic controller (PLC).
  13. System according to Claim 12, characterized in that the programmable logic controller (PLC) is arranged in the vicinity of the drive (2), in particular in a lifting subassembly (3) which accommodates the drive (2).
  14. System according to one or more of Claims 1 to 13, characterized by a crane trolley which is guided on a running-rail structure (4) in at least one horizontal (X-X) direction.
  15. System according to one or more of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, for its movements in the horizontal direction (X-X and Y-Y), the load-lifting apparatus (1) is assigned at least one drive device which can be activated in dependence on a forced deflection of the load-bearing element (5) - said deflection being based on the vertical alignment (Z-Z) which is established automatically as a result of gravitational force in the rest position.
  16. Method of controlling a load-lifting apparatus (1), in particular by means of a system according to one or more of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, once a load (9) has been received, a force applied by a/the drive (2) or a corresponding torque is rapidly increased automatically until it corresponds to the weight of the load (9), it being the case that, in order to determine that a balanced state for the load (9), once reached, has been set, a path-dependent signal (S) for an essentially vertical (Z-Z) movement of a/the load-bearing element (5) is determined.
  17. Method according to Claim 16, characterized in that the path-dependent signal (S) is compared with a desired value (W) and, when the signal (S) and desired value (W) correspond (ΔS = 0), the force applied by the drive (2) or the torque is kept constant at the value reached.
EP00907537A 1999-02-11 2000-02-10 System and device for controlling a load lifting device Expired - Lifetime EP1328461B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29902364U DE29902364U1 (en) 1999-02-11 1999-02-11 System for controlling a load lifting device
DE29902364U 1999-02-11
PCT/EP2000/001067 WO2000047512A2 (en) 1999-02-11 2000-02-10 System and device for controlling a load lifting device

Publications (2)

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EP1328461A2 EP1328461A2 (en) 2003-07-23
EP1328461B1 true EP1328461B1 (en) 2004-11-03

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EP00907537A Expired - Lifetime EP1328461B1 (en) 1999-02-11 2000-02-10 System and device for controlling a load lifting device

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US (1) US6974044B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1328461B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002536274A (en)
KR (1) KR100630351B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE281398T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2909300A (en)
DE (2) DE29902364U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000047512A2 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE29902364U1 (en) 2000-07-20
EP1328461A2 (en) 2003-07-23
KR100630351B1 (en) 2006-10-02
WO2000047512A2 (en) 2000-08-17
AU2909300A (en) 2000-08-29
DE50008553D1 (en) 2004-12-09
ATE281398T1 (en) 2004-11-15
JP2002536274A (en) 2002-10-29
WO2000047512A3 (en) 2003-05-15
US6974044B1 (en) 2005-12-13
KR20010105348A (en) 2001-11-28

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