EP1319075A2 - The c. albicans tec1 gene (catec1) and the coded tec1p protein - Google Patents
The c. albicans tec1 gene (catec1) and the coded tec1p proteinInfo
- Publication number
- EP1319075A2 EP1319075A2 EP01984654A EP01984654A EP1319075A2 EP 1319075 A2 EP1319075 A2 EP 1319075A2 EP 01984654 A EP01984654 A EP 01984654A EP 01984654 A EP01984654 A EP 01984654A EP 1319075 A2 EP1319075 A2 EP 1319075A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nucleic acid
- catecl
- protein
- acid molecule
- tecl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000701447 unidentified baculovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001529453 unidentified herpesvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007923 virulence factor Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000304 virulence factor Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/37—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from fungi
- C07K14/39—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts
- C07K14/40—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts from Candida
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/80—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/52—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells
- A61K2039/523—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells expressing foreign proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules which encode proteins modulating the virulence of pathogenic fungal strains, vectors which contain these molecules, host cells which have these nucleic acid molecules or vectors, proteins which modulate the virulence of pathogenic fungal strains, inhibitors of the proteins and the nucleic acid molecules which code for the proteins , in particular antibodies which are directed against these virulence-modulating proteins, methods for producing the proteins and antibodies and diagnostic and pharmaceutical compositions which contain these nucleotide sequences, proteins, host cells and / or antibodies.
- Yeasts are fungi that multiply vegetatively through sprouting or splitting.
- the shoot fungi or yeasts also include species which are pathogenic to humans, for example Candida albicans.
- Candida albicans is a thin-walled, gram-positive, capsule-free yeast of oval to rounded shape that is optionally pathogenic for humans, guinea pigs, mice, rats and poultry.
- Candida albicans is the most common cause of superficial Caüdida mycoses in humans.
- Candida albicans often causes opportunistic infections due to normally relatively unproblematic germs in immunosuppressed patients.
- transcription factors that control the expression of genes that are specific for certain developmental stages.
- These transcription factors include the TEA / ATTS transcription factor family, which has been detected in mammals, birds, nematodes, insects and fungi. All members of this transcription factor family have a conserved TEA domain.
- This TEA domain (Bürglin, Cell, 66 (1991), 11-12) represents a DNA binding region which consists of 66 to 76 conserved amino acids in the N-terminal region of the proteins.
- the TEA consensus sequence (TCS) in the target promoters of fungal TEA / ATTS transcript tion factors is defined by the sequence 5'-CATTCY-3 '(Adrianopoulos and Timberlake, Mol. Cell. Biol., 14 (1994), 2503-2515).
- TCS TEA consensus sequence
- For all members of this transcription factor family from different species is striking that they play a vital role in • the development and organogenesis.
- the mammalian enhancer factor TEF-1 is involved in myogenesis and cardiogenesis (Jacquemin et al., J. Biol. Chem., 271 (1996), 21775-21785).
- the Drosophila melanograster protein "scalloped” is involved in the regulation of cell-specific gene expression during the development of the wings and the nervous system (Campbell et al., Genes Dev., 6 (1992), 367-379).
- the regulatory protein "abacus "(AbaAp) of ⁇ spergillus nidulans is involved in the regulation of conidia
- the transacting factor Teclp from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in the activation of the tyl retrotransposon (Laloux et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 10 (1990), 3541-3550). This factor is also involved in the regulation of fila ent formation and the invasive growth of haploid and diploid strains of yeast (Baur et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 17 (1997), 4330-4337).
- TEA / ATTS transcription factors Due to the importance of the TEA / ATTS transcription factors for the morphological development, that is, the spatial and temporal development of organisms or their organs or tissues, and their widespread use in a wide variety of species, it appears possible that such transcription factors or the genes on which they are based also in pathogenic microorganisms men, in particular human pathogenic fungi, and to use them as targets for the identification of substances which act specifically on these transcription factors or on the nucleotide sequences coding them.
- the invention solves the technical problem on which it is based by providing nucleic acid molecules which are suitable for cloning a gene for a transcription factor, in particular for a protein from Candida, in particular Candida albicans, which modifies the virulence of human pathogenic fungi, and / or allow the recombinant production of such a protein, these nucleic acid molecules being selected from the group consisting of:
- nucleic acid molecule defined in SEQ ID No. 1, 2, 3 or 7 and / or a complementary strand or part thereof;
- nucleic acid molecule encoding an amino acid sequence defined in SEQ ID No. 4 or a complementary strand or part thereof; c) a nucleic acid molecule obtainable from a Candida albicans gene bank using the primers shown in SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 6 using the PCR method; and
- nucleic acid molecule that hybridizes due to its homology with one of the mentioned under a) to c) nucleic acid molecules under appropriate conditions, wherein the homology at the nucleotide level (sequence identity) in particular '' ⁇ at least 65%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80% and most preferably is at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%.
- the gene represented by the nucleic acid molecule of SEQ ID No. 1 according to the invention is also referred to below as the CaTECl gene.
- the CaTECl gene according to the invention is expressed in vivo both in the yeast form and in mycelia from C. albicans.
- the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention are particularly characterized in that after introduction into Candida albicans catecl mutants, for example with the aid of a vector in which they are integrated in the sense orientation under the control of suitable regulatory elements, they can revert the phenotype of such yeast mutants.
- the phenotype of catecl mutants differs from the phenotype of wild-type cells in particular in that the filamentous growth in vitro is impaired, the formation of germ tubes and true hyphae is suppressed, the expression of S ⁇ P4-6 genes is not can be induced and the mutant shows reduced virulence in a systemic model of mouse Candida mycoses.
- the aforementioned phenotypes thus characterize the biological activity of the CaTECl-encoded protein (CaTeclp).
- the proteins encoded by the novel nucleic acid molecules proteins represent transcription factors that lung expression of developmental genes and thus the morphological development of Candida albicans cells control and regulate '.
- Acid sequences are therefore excellent tools for reducing and / or eliminating the virulence of pathogenic Candida albicans strains.
- the nucleic acid and amino acid molecules according to the invention therefore prove to be particularly valuable for the development of medicaments for combating Candida mycoses.
- the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention and the proteins according to the invention coded by them can be used, for example, as targets for the identification of substances which act specifically on the nucleotide sequences according to the invention or the proteins according to the invention.
- substance libraries can be analyzed for the interaction of the substances present in them with the proteins according to the invention or their effect on the expression of the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention.
- Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies directed against the proteins according to the invention can also be developed, on the one hand for the detection of Caüdida-specific proteins and thus can be used to detect Candida infections and, on the other hand, can be used directly to combat such infections if, for example, they are functionalized using cytotoxic groups, such as cytotoxic proteins or cytotoxic peptides, so that the target organisms are killed in this way and Therapy of the disease states caused by these organisms is made possible.
- cytotoxic groups such as cytotoxic proteins or cytotoxic peptides
- a preferred embodiment of the invention therefore relates to an inventive one shown in SEQ ID No. 1.
- Nucleic acid molecule this nucleic acid molecule comprising, in addition to 5'- and 3'-regulatory elements, a protein-coding nucleotide sequence.
- the nucleotide sequences according to the invention encode the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 4.
- the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention are particularly helpful in the development of new therapeutic agents in that they allow the production of the proteins or derivatives encoded by them by means of recombinant DNA techniques.
- nucleic acid molecules according to the invention can be used in antisense constructs or as complementary strands of the coding nucleotide sequences or as parts thereof in order to inhibit or reduce the endogenous expression of the nucleotide sequence according to the invention in Candida cells. In this way it is possible to reduce or eliminate the virulence of such Candida cells.
- Candida cells which contain, for example, antisense constructs of the nucleotide sequences according to the invention, can be used, for example, as live vaccinations. substance in the context of a vaccination, for example as part of an active immunization, to counteract later infections with pathogenic Candida species, in particular Candida albicans.
- nucleic acid molecules according to the invention or parts thereof into Candida cells in order to mutate endogenously present CaTEC1 genes there by means of homologous recombination, in particular to switch them off, and thus to produce, for example, zero mutants.
- the invention therefore relates to the use of the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention for producing mutant phenotypes of yeast cells, in particular Candida cells.
- the invention also relates to these mutant Candida cells themselves and to the mutant catecl or CaTECl genes present in these cells.
- Such mutated CaTECl or catecl genes can prove to be particularly helpful in the development of pharmaceuticals and diagnostics for combating diseases caused by Candida.
- the invention also relates to plasmids deposited on September 6, 2000 at the DSMZ in Braunschweig, Germany, under No. DSM 13716 in Escherichia coli, containing the CaTECl gene (SEQ ID No. 1).
- the invention also relates to catecl mutants, in particular the Candida alJbicans mutant CaASl ⁇ , deposited on September 6, 2000 with the DSMZ in Braun- schweig, Germany under the number DSM 13722.
- the invention relates to the aforementioned nucleic acid molecules, these preferably being in completely or partially isolated and purified form, in a particularly preferred embodiment as DNA or RNA sequences.
- the invention also includes modifications of the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention, which lead to the synthesis of proteins with changed biological properties, in particular a changed activity for modulating the virulence properties of pathogenic fungi, preferably Candida cells.
- the modifications or mutations of the nucleotide sequences according to the invention can be both naturally occurring modifications or mutations and also those which have been generated with the aid of standard microbiology / molecular biology methods known in the art (see Sambrook et al., Molecular Kloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd edition (1989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY, USA).
- the mutations or modifications detected by the present invention can be insertions, deletions, duplications, inversions, additions, exchanges or the like, in particular also of unusual nucleotides.
- the invention also includes mutations or modifications of the nucleotide sequences according to the invention which are caused by fusion with genes or components of genes from other sources.
- the invention also includes shortened nucleotide sequences of the aforementioned type, provided that these encode proteins or protein parts which can modulate the virulence of Candida cells.
- the invention also includes mutations or modifications of nucleotide sequences which lead to pro- lead lines that have a changed stability, specificity, a 'modified temperature, pH value and / or concentration profile, a changed activity and / or a changed effector pattern,. as well as those whose conformations have changed, or those which have other subunits or other pre- and / or post-translational modifications.
- the invention also relates to nucleotide sequences which can hybridize with the above-mentioned nucleotide sequences according to the invention.
- hybridization means the attachment of two single-stranded nucleic acid molecules under conditions as described in Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd edition (1989), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press , NY, USA), which are preferably stringent conditions.
- nucleic acid molecule which hybridizes with a nucleic acid molecule according to a) to c) used in connection with the present invention therefore refers to a nucleic acid molecule which preferably stringent, conditions hybridized with a nucleic acid according to a) to c).
- Such hybridization is characterized in that after washing for one hour with 1 x SSC and 0.1% SDS at 55 ° C, preferably 62 ° C and particularly preferably at 68 C C, in particular for one hour with 0.2 x SSC and 0.1% SDS at 55 ° C, preferably at 62 ° C and particularly preferably at 68 ° C, a positive hybridization signal can still be observed.
- a nucleotide sequence according to the invention is therefore one under such washing conditions with that in the sequence listing specified nucleotide sequence hybridizing nucleotide sequence.
- the molecules hybridizing with the nucleotide sequences according to the invention also include fragments, derivatives, functional equivalents and / or allelic variants of the above-described nucleotide sequences which encode a protein according to the invention.
- parts are "fragments" understood by nucleotide sequences which have a sufficient length "to encode the above-described protein or an equivalent protein having an activity for modulating virulence of Candida cells.
- the terms “derivative”, “functional equivalent” or “variant” mean that the sequences of these molecules differ from the sequences of the nucleotide sequences described above in at least one position, but at a high degree Homology to these sequences at the nucleic acid level Homology means in particular a sequence identity of at least 40%, in particular at least 60%, preferably over 80% and particularly preferably over 90%, 95%, 97% or 99% at the nucleic acid level.
- amino acid sequences of the proteins encoded by these nucleic acid molecules are homologous to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 4, the homology being at least 65%, preferably at least 70%, 80% and further preferably at least 85%, and particularly preferably at least more than 90%, 95%, 97% and 99%.
- differences from the amino acid sequences according to the invention may have arisen, for example, from mutations such as deletions, substitutions, insertions, additions, exchanges and / or recombinations of the nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequences.
- mutations such as deletions, substitutions, insertions, additions, exchanges and / or recombinations of the nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequences.
- these can also be naturally occurring sequence variations, for example sequences from another organism or sequences that have been mutated in a natural manner, or mutations that can be achieved using conventional means known in the art, for example chemical agents and / or physical agents specifically introduced into the sequences.
- the present invention therefore also comprises a polypeptide or protein with a biological activity which, in particular in Candida albicans cells in vivo, influences the filamentous growth of the cells and / or the formation of germ tubes and true hyphae, the expression of the proteinase isogens SAP4-6 induces or inhibits and / or can modulate the virulence of the Candida albicans cells containing them.
- the present invention relates to the Candida albicans transcription factor Teclp, which is also referred to below as Ca TECl protein.
- the terms “protein or polypeptide modulating the virulence of pathogenic fungal strains” or “activity for modulating virulence or virulence properties” mean that a protein or polypeptide has an activity which has the degree of aggressiveness of an infectious microorganism in a macro-organism can change, for example reduce.
- the activity of the amino acid sequences according to the invention can, for example, be examined and quantified using the systemic model of mouse Candida mycoses described below.
- the present invention also relates to a, preferably isolated and completely purified, protein which can be obtained by expression of a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention or a fragment thereof in a host cell and which has the aforementioned biological activity.
- isolated protein encompasses proteins that are essentially free of other proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates or others Are materials with which it is naturally associated. Such proteins include not only recombinantly produced proteins but also isolated naturally occurring proteins, synthetically produced proteins or proteins which are produced with the aid of a combination of these methods.
- a recombinantly produced variant of Ca TECl including the secreted protein can be purified using the one-step process described in Smith and Johnson, Gene, 67 (1988), 31-40.
- the protein preferably has the same properties, in particular the same activity, as the protein that is encoded by a nucleotide sequence with a sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 1 or 2 and whose amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID No. 4.
- the invention further relates to vectors which contain the nucleotide sequences according to the invention.
- the vectors are preferably plasmids. Cosmids, viruses, bacteriophages, shuttle vectors and other vectors commonly used in genetic engineering.
- the vectors according to the invention can have further functional units which bring about or at least contribute to stabilization and / or replication of the vector in a host organism.
- the present invention comprises vectors in which the nucleotide sequences according to the invention are functionally linked to at least one regulatory element.
- regulatory element understood those elements which ensure the transcription and / or translation of nucleic acid molecules in prokaryotic and / or eukaryotic host cells. Regulatory elements can be promoters, enhancers, operators, silencers and / or transcription termination signals. Regulatory elements which include a nucleotide sequence according to the invention, in particular the protein-coding sections of this nucleotide sequence, are functionally linked can be nucleotide sequences which originate from organisms or genes other than the protein-coding nucleotide sequence itself.
- T7, T3, SP6 and others common regulatory elements for in vitro transcription P AO ttet and other common regulatory elements for expression in E. coli, GAL1-10, MET25; CUP1, ADH1, AFH1, GDH1, TEFl, PMA1 and other regulatory elements for expression in S. cerevisiae ; GAPl, YPT1, AOXl and other common regulat ion elements for expression in P. pastoris; Polyhedrin for expression in baculovirus systems as well as P CMV> P SV4O and other common regulatory elements for expression in mammalian cells.
- the regulatory elements used according to the invention can also originate from Candida albicans.
- these can be the regulatory elements of the nucleotide sequences according to the invention which encode a protein according to the invention, shown for example in SEQ ID No. 3, which represents the 5 'regulatory element including the promoter and transcription start site of the CaTEC gene or in SEQ ID No. 7, which the 3'- Represents the region of the coding region of the CaTECl gene.
- the nucleotide sequence according to the invention or a fragment thereof can be present in the vector both in the antisense orientation and in the sense orientation to the regulatory element (s). If a nucleotide sequence according to the invention is in antisense orientation to the regulatory element (s), the vector can, for example, be introduced into a Candida albicans cell and, after the transcription of the nucleotide sequence according to the invention, the expression of the endogenous CaTEC1- Inhibit or reduce GenS / genes from Candida albicans.
- the fragments of the present nucleotide sequences according to the invention used in antisense orientation can have a length sufficient to enable hybridization to the endogenous CaTEC1 sequences and thus translation inhibition, for example a length of at least 100 base pairs. Of course, this fragment must have sufficient specificity for the nucleotide sequence to be inhibited.
- the vectors according to the invention can also contain further elements. These can be, for example, antibiotic resistance genes, stabilizing elements and selection markers or affinity epitopes, for example HA, Myc and etc.
- the invention naturally also includes vectors which contain not only one but more than one of the nucleotide sequences according to the invention.
- This Sequences can be arranged in such a way that one, two or more of the protein-coding regions of SEQ ID No. 1 or 2 according to the invention are controlled by a single set of regulatory elements.
- the present invention relates to host cells which comprise one or more of the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention or one or more of the vectors according to the invention and which are capable of expressing the proteins according to the invention.
- the host cells according to the invention can be both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- prokaryotic cells are bacteria such as Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis.
- eukaryotic host cells preferred according to the invention include yeast cells, plant cells, insect cells and mammalian cells, in particular human cells.
- the host cell according to the invention can be characterized in that the introduced nucleotide sequence according to the invention is heterologous with respect to the transformed cell, that is to say that the introduced nucleotide sequence according to the invention does not naturally occur in these cells or else at a different location or a different number of copies or orientation is located in the genome of these cells as the corresponding naturally occurring sequence.
- the cell is a gram-negative cell, for example an Escherichia coli cell. In a further advantageous embodiment, it can also be a gram act positive cell, for example Bacillus subtilis.
- the nucleotide sequence according to the invention is introduced into a gram-positive cell, the nucleotide sequences according to the invention are preferably linked to a signal peptide which allows the translated gene product to be discharged from the cell into the medium.
- the host cell according to the invention is a eukaryotic host cell.
- These can be cells that already contain one or more such genes on their chromosomes.
- Eukaryotic cells offer the advantage that the transcription and translation of a nucleotide sequence encoding a heterologous eukaryotic protein takes place in the same way as in the cells from which the eukaryotic nucleotide sequence originates. This means that in eukaryotic host cells the transcripts are subjected to correct splicing and the translation product is subjected to the post-translational modifications typical in eukaryotic cells, such as glycosylation.
- the host cell according to the invention can be a fungal cell, for example a cell from the genus Candida, in particular a Candida albicans cell, a Saccharomyces cell or an animal cell, such as an insect cell.
- suitable Candida host cells are descendants of the strain SC5314 (Fonzi and Irwin, Genetics, 134 (1993), 717-728).
- Preferred examples of suitable host cells from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are descendants of the S1278b strain.
- Other preferred cells include the IPLB-Sf21 insect cell line human HeLa cell line, Jurkat cells or CHO cells.
- the invention therefore also relates to cell cultures which at least. have one of the host cells according to the invention, a cell line according to the invention having the ability to produce a protein according to the invention with the activity for modulating the virulence of Candida albicans cells or a fragment thereof.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a virulence-modifying protein, in particular a virulence-modifying protein from Candida albicans, host cells according to the invention being cultivated in a suitable culture medium under conditions which permit the formation of the virulence-modifying protein and this in After cultivation, either from the culture medium or from the cells can be obtained and isolated.
- the present invention relates to an antisense iRNA sequence, characterized in that it is complementary to an mRNA which has been transcribed by a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention or a part thereof and can bind selectively to the mRNA, whereby this Sequence can inhibit the synthesis of the CaTEC1 proteins encoded by the nucleic acid molecules.
- the present invention relates to a ribozyme, characterized in that it leads to an mRNA which of a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention or a part thereof has been transcribed, is complementary and can bind selectively to this mRNA and can cleave it, so that it can inhibit the synthesis of the CaTEC1 proteins encoded by the nucleic acid molecules.
- Ribozymes that consist of a single RNA chain are RNA enzymes, that is, catalytic RNAs, that can cleave a target RNA intermolecularly. If you look at it in the literature (see for example Tanner et al., In:
- ribozymes Able to cleave target RNA at a specific location.
- the two main requirements for such ribozymes are the catalytic domain and regions that are complementary to the target RNA and allow them to bind to their substrate, which is a prerequisite for cleavage.
- the invention also relates to triplex-forming oligonucleotides. These are limited to certain target sequences (Barre et al., Nucleic Acids Res 27 (1999), 743-749).
- the invention also includes chemical modifications of nucleic acids. Suitable modifications of triplex-forming oligonucleotides are described, for example, in Baba et al., Int J Cancer 72 (1997), 815-820.
- oligonucleotides include antisense oligonucleotides. Unlike the triplex-forming oligonucleotides, the design of such 0-ligonucleotides is based on the fact that a sequence is selected which is complementary to part of the mRNA of the transcription factor according to the invention. tors is. The design of such oligonucleotides and possible target sequences are described, for example, in Nucleic Acids Res., 26 (9) (1998), 2179-2183; Helene, C, Anti-Cancer Drug Des., 6 (1991), 569-584, and Mower, LJ, Cancer Invest. 14: 66-82 (1996).
- Oligonucleotides are often necessary to identify the oligonucleotide with the greatest effectiveness.
- Software-based methods are also used for the design of antisense oligonucleotides (Eckstein F., Nat. Biotechnol., 16 (1998), 24; Matveeva et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 16 (1998), 1374-1375 ).
- a method for finding effective triplex-forming oligonucleotides, antisense nucleotides or ribozymes is described in US Pat. No. 6,013,447.
- Oligonucleotides can be chemically modified, for example to increase certain properties, such as stability and binding strength. Such modifications are also part of the invention. Examples of such modifications which are suitable for antisense oligonucleotides are described in Shchepinov et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 25 (1997), 4447-4454; Tortora et al. , Clin. Cancer Res., 5 (1999), 875-881, and Zhou et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8 (1998), 3269-74.
- the invention also includes other structures that can bind to the nucleic acids of the invention.
- An example of such structures are peptide nucleic acids (see Kuhn et al., J. Mol. Biol. Mar., 12, 286 (5) (1999), 1337-1345, and Nielsen et al., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol ., 1999, 10: 71-75).
- the person skilled in the art knows, for example, Yadava, Molecular Biology Today, 1 (1) (2000), 1-16, for further information on the design and use of various oligonucleotides and derivatives thereof.
- the aforementioned complementary sequences are suitable for the repression of the CaTSCl expression, for example in the case of treatment of a Candida infection.
- the RNA according to the invention and the ribozyme according to the invention are preferably complementary to the coding region of the mRNA, for example to the 5 ′ part of the coding region.
- the person skilled in the art, to whom the sequences of the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention are available, can produce and use the antisense RNAs or ribozymes described above.
- the region of the antisense RNA or of the ribozyme which shows complementarity with the mRNA which has been transcribed by the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention preferably has a length of at least 10, in particular at least 15 and particularly preferably at least 25 nucleotides.
- the present invention relates to inhibitors of Ca TECl which have a similar purpose to the above-mentioned antisense RNAs or ribozymes, that is to say the reduction or elimination of biologically active CaTECl protein molecules.
- Such inhibitors can be, for example, structural analogs of the corresponding protein, which act as antagonists.
- Such inhibitors also include molecules that are identified using the recombinantly produced proteins.
- the recombinantly produced pro- tein can be used to screen and identify inhibitors by utilizing the ability of potential inhibitors to bind to the protein under appropriate conditions.
- the inhibitors can be identified, for example, by producing a test mixture in which the potential inhibitor is incubated with CaTECl under suitable conditions, under which CaTECl is preferably in a native conformation.
- a test mixture in which the potential inhibitor is incubated with CaTECl under suitable conditions, under which CaTECl is preferably in a native conformation.
- Such an in vitro test system can be constructed using methods that are well known in the art.
- Inhibitors can be identified, for example, by screening synthetic or naturally occurring molecules that bind to the recombinantly produced CaTECl protein in a first step, and then in a second step the selected molecules in in vitro test systems or cellular tests with regard to the Inhibition of the Ca TECl protein can be tested, which can be demonstrated by the inhibition of at least one of the biological activities described below.
- Screen for molecules that bind CaTECl can easily be carried out on a larger scale, for example by screening potentially bindable molecules from substance libraries of synthetic and / or natural molecules.
- Such an inhibitor can be, for example, a synthetic, organic or chemical substance, a natural fermentation product, a substance extracted from a microorganism, a plant or an animal or a peptide.
- nucleic acid sequences according to the invention and the proteins encoded by them can be used to identify further factors which are involved in the virulence of Candida, for example a CaTEC1-dependent virulence factor.
- the proteins according to the invention can be used, for example, to identify further (unrelated) proteins which are related to the virulence of Candida, screening methods based on proteins / protein interactions, for example the two-hybrid system , be used.
- the present invention therefore also includes isolated and completely purified onoclonal or polyclonal antibodies or fragments thereof, which react with a protein according to the invention so specifically and with such an affinity that using these monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies or their fragments with the aid of conventional immunological methods for example, detection of a protein according to the invention is possible.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention therefore comprises monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies which can specifically identify and / or bind to a structure of a virulence-modulating protein according to the invention.
- This structure can be a protein, peptide, carbohydrate, proteoglycan and / or a lipid complex which is part of or has a specific relationship with the protein according to the invention.
- the invention also encompasses antibodies which are directed against structures which result from post-translational modifications of the according protein.
- the invention also includes fragments of such antibodies, such as Fc or F (ab ') 2 or Fab fragments.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to proteins or parts thereof according to the invention, antibodies or parts thereof directed against the proteins and nucleotide sequences according to the invention which are present in immobilized form.
- the nucleotide sequences, proteins and / or antibodies according to the invention which are present in immobilized form can be used as carrier-bound screening devices in order to identify substances which interact with the immobilized molecules.
- the immobilization can be carried out on any suitable carrier material, for example on inert or electrically charged, inorganic or organic carrier materials, such as for example glass materials, aluminum oxide, cellulose, starch, dextran, polyacrylic acid and so on.
- the carrier materials used can also have functional groups which, for example, enable a covalent bond. Immobilization can take place in such a way that the above-mentioned nucleotide sequences, proteins or antibodies are integrated into a three-dimensional network.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention comprises methods for the diagnosis and / or therapy of infections or disease states caused by Candida species, in particular infections caused by Candida albicans, such as Candida mycoses, for example Candiose of the body folds, the male urethra Oral mucosa, fingernails or toenails (onchycosis), infant skin, vagina etc., or candida granuloma.
- Candida albicans such as Candida mycoses
- Candiose of the body folds for example Candiose of the body folds, the male urethra Oral mucosa, fingernails or toenails (onchycosis), infant skin, vagina etc., or candida granuloma.
- the organisms to be tested are examined for the presence of agents according to the invention, in particular nucleic acid molecules, proteins, host cells, vectors, antibodies or fragments thereof, and their presence is detected. This means that the presence of the agents according to the invention indicates
- the present invention therefore also provides a method for diagnosing a 'Candida infection, particularly a Candida albicans infection, comprising contacting a target sample suspected that CaTECl protein and / or to contain a Ca TeCl encoding nucleic acid, with a reagent that reacts with CaTECl and / or a Ca TECl-encoding nucleic acid and the detection of CaTECl and / or the Ca TECl-encoding nucleic acid.
- the above-mentioned agents according to the invention can be detected by means of corresponding substances, ie agents specifically recognizing according to the invention.
- the nucleotide sequences according to the invention can be detected with the aid of hybridizing sequences, these being preferably marked.
- the hybridizing sequences can have fluorescent, enzyme or radioactive markers.
- the target molecule is a nucleic acid
- the reagent is typically a CaTECl-specific nucleic acid probe or a PCR primer.
- the person skilled in the art is able to develop suitable nucleic acid probes on the basis of the Ca TEC1 nucleotide sequence.
- the probes / primers comprise nucleic acid molecules which are ole- specific with the nucleic acid according to the invention. cool hybridize.
- the probes / primers are oligonucleotides which hybridize preferably under stringent conditions with at least 10, in particular at least 15 and particularly preferably with at least 25 adjacent nucleotides of the CaTEC1 nucleic acid sequence.
- the Ca TECl-specific nucleic acid probes / primers preferably comprise the nucleic acid sequence: 5'-TTT AGG ATC CAA TGA TGT CGC AAG CTA CTC C-3 'and 5'-TTT AGG ATC CAC TAA AAC TCA CTA GTA AAT CCT TCT G-3 '. If the target molecule is the CaT £ C2 protein, an antibody directed against CaTECl is typically used as the reagent.
- an antibody relates to antibodies which essentially consist of pooled monoclonal antibodies with different epitope specificities, as well as distinct monoclonal antibody preparations.
- Monoclonal antibodies are produced using methods which are well known to the person skilled in the art (compare, for example, Köhler et al. , Nature, 256 (1975), 495) on the basis of an antigen which contains fragments of the Ca TEC1 protein according to the invention.
- the term “antibody” (Ab) or “monoclonal antibody” (Mab) is intended to mean both intact molecules and Antibody fragments (e.g., Fab and F (ab ') 2 fragments) that can specifically bind to the protein.
- Fab and F (ab') 2 fragments lack the Fc fragment of an intact antibody. They become faster excreted from the bloodstream and may have less non-specific tissue binding than an intact antibody (Wahl et al., J.
- the antibodies according to the invention also include chimeras, single-chain and humanized antibodies.
- the CaTECl protein and / or a CaTECl-encoding nucleic acid for example in biological fluids or tissues, can be detected directly in situ, for example by in situ hybridization, or can be obtained from other cellular components using methods known to the person skilled in the art, be isolated before contact with a probe.
- Detection methods include Northern blot analysis, RNase protection tests, in situ methods, for example in situ hybridization, in vitro amplification methods such as PCR, RT-PCR, LCR, QRNA replicase or RNA transcription / amplification, reverse dot blot Methods such as that disclosed in EP-Bl 0 237 362, immunoassays, Western blot methods and other detection tests.
- Products which are obtained using in vitro amplification methods can be detected by known methods, for example by separating the products on agarose gels and then staining them with ethidine promide.
- the amplified products can be detected using labeled amplification primers or labeled dNTPs.
- the probes / primers according to the invention can be detected by labeling with a radioisotope, a bioluminescent compound, a chemiluminescent compound, a fluorescent compound, a metal chelate or an enzyme.
- Proteins or antibodies according to the invention are preferably detected with the aid of antibodies which are directed against the aforementioned proteins.
- the expression of CaTECl in tissues can be examined using classic immunohistological methods (Jalkanen et al., J. Cell. Biol., 101 (1985), 976-985; Jalkanen et al., J Cell. Biol., 105 (1987), 3087-3096; Sobol et al., Clin. Immunpathol., 24 (1982), 139-144; Sobol et al., Cancer, 65 (1985), 2005-2010).
- antibody-based methods useful for detecting gene expression include immunoassays, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA).
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- RIA radioimmunoassay
- Suitable labels are known in the art and include enzyme labels such as glucose oxidase and radioisotopes such as iodine ( 125 I, 121 I) carbon ( 14 C), sulfur
- Rhodamine and biotin The protein can also be detected in vivo using imaging techniques.
- Antibody labels or markers for imaging the protein include those that can be detected using X-ray radiography, NMR or ESR.
- Markers suitable for X-ray radiography include radioisotopes such as barium or cesium, which emit suitable radiation, but are not harmful to a subject.
- Markers suitable for NMR and ESR methods include those with a detectable characteristic spin, for example deuterium.
- a protein-specific antibody or antibody fragment which has a suitable detectable unit for imaging such as a radioisotope, for example 131 I, 112 In, "mTc, a substance that is opaque to X-rays or a material that can be detected by means of nuclear magnetic resonance methods, is introduced into a mammal, for example, parenterally, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally.
- a radioisotope for example 131 I, 112 In, "mTc
- the size of the individual and the imaging system used determine the amount of the unit used for imaging, which is required to produce suitable imaging for diagnosis.
- the amount of radioactivity injected into a human subject is usually in the range of about 5 to 20 millicurie "mTc.
- the labeled antibody or antibody fragment then preferably accumulates at the sites of a cell that contain the specific protein contain.
- the present invention therefore also relates to the use of nucleic acid molecules, proteins, host cells, vectors, antibodies and / or parts thereof according to the invention as diagnostics.
- diagnostic agents are understood to mean any substances which can specifically recognize the presence of conditions, processes or substances or their absence and which in particular can give conclusions about diseases. Diagnostics often have recognizing and marking functions.
- the invention of course also encompasses diagnostic kits, that is, the nucleotide sequences, proteins, antibodies or parts thereof and the diagnosis of 'by Candida species, especially Candida albicans, allow agents according to the invention, diseases caused.
- diseases in particular, include conditions such as unnatural ones Understand moods, signs of aging, developmental disorders and the like.
- the invention also encompasses methods for the therapy of diseases caused by Candida species, in particular Candida albicans, preferably a systemic infection, the organism to be treated being treated with the agents according to the invention over a period of time with a dose which is sufficient for the clinical picture stabilize or improve or cure the disease.
- the method according to the invention for the treatment of a Candida infection therefore comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a reagent which reduces or inhibits the Ca TECl activity.
- reagents are the antisense RNAs, ribozymes or inhibitors described above, for example an antibody directed against Ca TECl.
- the invention therefore also relates to the use of the nucleic acid molecules, proteins, host cells, vectors, inhibitors, antisense RNAs, ribozymes, antibodies and fragments thereof according to the invention as therapeutic agents.
- therapeutic agent is understood to mean in particular those substances which can be used either prophylactically or accompanying the disease in order to avoid, alleviate or eliminate disease states. This includes, for example, vaccines.
- therapeutic agents are also understood to mean those substances which have only or also cosmetic effects.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition which contains a reagent. holds that decreases or inhibits Ca TECl expression or the activity of the Ca TECl protein.
- administration of an antibody directed against the protein can also reduce or eliminate the activity of the protein.
- the invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions which contain the agents according to the invention, that is to say the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention, proteins, host cells, vectors, inhibitors, antisense RNAs, ribozymes, antibodies or fragments thereof, if appropriate together with one pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and, if appropriate, other additives, such as stabilizers, thickeners, mold release agents, lubricants, colorants, fragrances, flavorings, emulsifiers or the like.
- agents according to the invention that is to say the nucleic acid molecules according to the invention, proteins, host cells, vectors, inhibitors, antisense RNAs, ribozymes, antibodies or fragments thereof, if appropriate together with one pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and, if appropriate, other additives, such as stabilizers, thickeners, mold release agents, lubricants, colorants, fragrances, flavorings, emulsifiers or the like.
- these agents can preferably be combined with suitable pharmaceutical carriers.
- suitable pharmaceutical carriers are well known in the art and include phosphate-buffered physiological saline, water, emulsions such as oil-in-water emulsions, various types of wetting agents, sterile solutions, etc.
- Such carriers can be formulated by conventional methods and administered to the patient at an appropriate dose.
- Suitable compositions can be administered in various ways, for example by intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, topical or intradermal administration. The route of administration naturally depends on the type of Candida infection (for example systemic or vaginal Infection) and the type of compound contained in the pharmaceutical composition. The dosing schedule is determined by the examining doctor.
- the dosage for a particular patient depends on many factors, including the size, age and sex of the patient, the specific compound to be administered, the duration and route of administration, the type and stage of the infection, the general state of health and the simultaneous administration of other drugs.
- the antisense RNAs or ribozymes according to the invention can be applied directly or preferably administered using a recombinant expression vector, for example a chimeric virus which contains these compounds, or a colloidal dispersion system.
- a recombinant expression vector for example a chimeric virus which contains these compounds, or a colloidal dispersion system.
- a direct application at the target site can take place, for example, with the aid of a ballistic delivery system, such as a colloidal dispersion system, or by means of a catheter in an artery.
- a ballistic delivery system such as a colloidal dispersion system
- the colloidal dispersion systems which can be used to deliver the nucleic acids mentioned above include macromolecular complexes, nanocapsules, microspheres, beads and systems based on lipids including oil-in-water emulsions, (mixed) micelles, liposomes and lipoplexes.
- a preferred colloidal system is a liposome.
- the liposome is usually out Phospholipids and steroids, especially cholesterol. The person skilled in the art can select those liposomes which are suitable for delivering the desired nucleic acid molecule.
- Organ-specific or cell-specific liposomes can be used to achieve delivery only to the desired site, for example a tumor.
- those skilled in the art can make liposomes that are specific to a target.
- Such targeting methods include passive targeting, in which the natural tendency of the liposomes to distribute in cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in organs which contain sinusoid capillaries is used, or active targeting, for example by coupling the liposomes to a specific ligand, for example an antibody, a receptor, a sugar, a glycolipid, a protein, etc. using well known methods.
- a specific ligand for example an antibody, a receptor, a sugar, a glycolipid, a protein, etc.
- monoclonal antibodies are preferably used to target liposomes via specific cell surface ligands to specific organs or tissues.
- Preferred recombinant vectors which are suitable for gene therapy are viral vectors, for example vectors based on adenoviruses, herpes viruses, vaccinia viruses or more preferably based on RNA viruses such as a retrovirus. More preferably, the retroviral vector is a descendant of a retrovirus derived from rodents or birds. Examples of such retroviral vectors that can be used in the present invention are: Moloney leukemia Rodent Virus (MoMuLV), Rodent Harvey Sarcoma Virus (HaMuSV), Rodent Breast Tumor Virus (MuMTV) and Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV).
- MoMuLV Moloney leukemia Rodent Virus
- HaMuSV Rodent Harvey Sarcoma Virus
- MoMTV Rodent Breast Tumor Virus
- RSV Rous Sarcoma Virus
- a retroviral vector from a non-human primate is preferably used, such as the gibbon leukemia virus (GaLV), which has a broader host range than the murine vectors.
- GaLV gibbon leukemia virus
- helper cells are required so that infectious particles can be produced.
- helper cell lines can be used which contain plasmids which encode all structural genes of the retrovirus under the control of regulatory sequences within the LTR range. Suitable helper cell lines are well known to the person skilled in the art.
- the vectors can additionally contain a gene which encodes a selectable marker so that transduced cells can be identified.
- the retroviral vectors can be modified so that they become target-specific.
- a polynucleotide region which encodes a sugar, a glycolipid or a protein, preferably an antibody.
- a polynucleotide region which encodes a sugar, a glycolipid or a protein, preferably an antibody.
- the person skilled in the art knows other methods for generating target-specific vectors. Further suitable vectors and methods for in vitro or in vivo gene therapy are described in the literature and are known to the person skilled in the art (compare, for example, WO 94/29469 or WO 97/00957).
- kits that can be used in diagnostic research. Such kits are suitable for the detection of Candida on the basis of the CaTECl protein or a Ca TECl-encoding nucleic acid.
- a kit according to the invention comprises a probe for detecting the Ca TECl protein and / or a CaTECl-coding nucleic acid. The probe can be marked for verification.
- the probe is preferably a specific antibody or a specific nucleic acid probe or primer.
- the kit contains a monoclonal antibody against CaTECl and enables diagnosis, for example by means of ELISA, and contains the antibody which is bound to a solid support, for example a polystyrene microtiter plate or nitrocellulose, using methods known in the art ,
- the kits are based on an RIA test and contain an antibody which is labeled with a radioactive isotope ' .
- the kit of the invention is the antibody with enzymes, fluorescent compounds. Luminance compounds, ferromagnetic probes or. radioactive compounds marked.
- the kit according to the invention can also comprise one or more containers which, for example, contain one or more probes according to the invention.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to methods for screening, that is to say for finding and identifying substances which are suitable for the treatment of diseases caused by Candida species.
- the substances to be tested for their therapeutic effect are mixed in a suitable medium such as, for example, a solution, suspension or also in a cell, with a appropriate agent, in particular a nucleotide sequence according to the invention or a protein or fragment thereof according to the invention and a possible interaction, for example a binding, has been detected.
- a preferred substance screening method of the present invention comprises an assay which is structured as follows:
- the promoters of the isogens of the secreted aspartyl proteinase types 4, 5 and 6 contain a "head interspersed with separating elements to tail "arrangement of TCS motifs, which represents the binding site for fungal TEA / ATTS transcription factors, in particular the CaTECl factor according to the invention. Since it could be shown in accordance with the invention that the Ca-TEC1 protein can induce the expression of the SAP4-6 ⁇ genes by binding to the promoter, the promoter region of these SAP4-6 genes is combined with a reporter gene.
- the expression of the reporter gene can be induced either by the addition of the purified Ca-TECl protein or by the expression of the nucleotide sequences according to the invention encoding the Ca-TECl protein, the CaTECl protein binding to the promoter region under suitable conditions and the expression of the reporter gene induced.
- the inducibility of the system used in the test system for the expression of the reporter gene is then checked in the absence or presence of substances to be tested. With the help of natural product and substance libraries, suitable inhibitors can thus be detected which inhibit the function of the CaTECl protein or the expression of the nucleotide sequences according to the invention which encode the CaTECl protein. In this way So substances can be identified that represent potential medicines for combating Candida infections.
- the proteins according to the invention can likewise be used in the form of hybrid proteins in conventional “two-hybrid systems” in order to identify proteins which interact with the proteins according to the invention, a first hybrid protein comprising a protein according to the invention and for example a domain transactivating the transcription of a reporter gene is produced and is incubated together with a reporter gene and a second hybrid protein from a first portion, which represents the protein to be examined, and a second portion, which is a DNA binding domain of the transcription-activating portion of the first hybrid protein, with interactions of the protein to be examined with The protein according to the invention now has an association of the transactivating and the DNA binding domains, which in turn induces the expression of the reporter gene and permits the detection of the binding Combinations possible.
- the proteins according to the invention are therefore effective agents for screening pharmacologically interesting substances for the treatment of diseases caused by Candida species.
- the proteins according to the invention can be used in isolated form, in medical devices, in drug delivery devices, matrices for drug screening libraries, microtiter plates, applicable catalysis devices or the like.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a mutated Candida albicans cell, which is characterized in that the nucleotide sequences according to the invention or their regulatory regions are changed in such a way that no transcript of the nucleotide sequence according to the invention can be detected.
- the Candida modified according to the invention albicans cell can be both a haploid cell, the nucleotide sequence according to the invention present in only one copy being changed or mutated, and a " diploid cell, in which both copies of the nucleotide sequence according to the invention are changed or mutated in such a way that it is a homozygous one
- This can be both a natural cell mutant and a mutant generated using technical means, for example a mutant produced using homologous recombinations, antisense methods or the like.
- the present invention relates to homozygous ura3 / ura3 catecl / ca tecl (pVEC) zero mutant CaASl ⁇ , which was generated by means of sequential homologous recombination and was deposited with the DSMZ in Braunschweig on September 6, 2000 under the number DSM 13722.
- the mutated Candida albicans cell according to the invention is characterized in that its viability, colony size and doubling time are not or only slightly changed compared to the wild-type cell.
- a Candida albicans cell mutated according to the invention is particularly characterized in that its filamentous growth is impaired, the formation of germ tubes and true hyphae in particular presses. Instead, mutated cells according to the invention form curved tubular structures which have constrictions at the cell-cell boundaries and thus represent morphological pseudohyphae.
- such mutated Candida albicans cells are characterized in that the expression of the SAP4-6 genes cannot be induced in them.
- a systemic infection in a mouse model for systemic Candida mycoses shows that the virulence of the homozygous catecl cell mutant of Candida albicans according to the invention is significantly suppressed in comparison to wild-type cells.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention therefore relates to the use of living mutated or modified Candida albicans cells, in particular the catecl / catecl zero mutant CaAS18, " with a mutation in the nucleotide sequences according to the invention, so that these nucleotide sequences cannot generate a transcript under transcription conditions - And the cells show a significantly reduced virulence compared to wild-type strains, as a vaccine or vaccine as part of a protective vaccination to produce a resilient disease immunity against infections of wild-type Candida strains, in particular Candida albicans.
- the live vaccines are preferably with the help Other suitable agents are weakened in such a way that, for example, their ability to reproduce is eliminated
- the administration of such a weakened live vaccine can take place, for example, parenterally, locally, in particular orally, nasally, cutaneously or by inhalation hung pursues the goal of local infection control, in particular Mucous membranes through the formation of secretory antibodies and by increasing macrophage activity.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of a Northern blot analysis of the CaTECl expression in C. albicans.
- the blots were hybridized with CaTECl and ACT1, which served as a control.
- FIG. 2 shows that the CaTECl gene from C. albicans is a functional homologue of the TECl gene from S. ce-revisiae.
- (A) shows that Ca TECl can restore pseudohyphal growth in diploid S. cerevisiae cells that have a TECI deletion.
- the pseudohyphal growth of the strains on SLAD medium with uracil is shown after 48 hours of incubation at 30 ° C.
- the strains were L5791 (TEC1 / TEC1, pRS425, pRS313), L6146 (TEC1 / TEC1, pRS425) and L6146 (TEC1 / TEC1, pRS425 CaTECl).
- FIG. B shows that CaTECl is the invasive growth of haploid and diploid S. can restore cerevisiae cells with TECl deletions.
- the invasive growth of strains that occur 24 hours at 30 ° C YPID medium was shown before (A) and after washing (B).
- the strains in the top row are the haploid strains (MAT a) 10560-2B (TECl), pRS425, pRS313), L6149 (TECl, pRS425) and L6149 (TECl, pRS425 CaTECl).
- the strains in the bottom row are the diploid strains (MAT a / ⁇ ) L5791 (TEC1 / TEC1, PRS425, pRS313), L6146 (TEC1 / TEC1, pRS425) and L6146 (TEC1 / TEC1, PRS425 CaTECl).
- C shows the CaTECl induced FLOll-lacZ expression in haploid and diploid S. cerevisiae cells with TECl deletions.
- the strains were grown in SC medium at 30 ° C for 48 hours. Then ⁇ -galactosidase tests were carried out.
- the strains used are the haploid (MAT a) strains 10560-2B (TECl, pRS425, pRS313, B3782), L6149 (TECl ,.
- TECl pRS425, B3782 and L6149 (TECl, pRS425 CaTECl, B3782) and the diploid (MAT a / ⁇ ) strains L5791 (TECl / TECl, pRS425, pRS313, B3782), 6146 (TECl / TECl, pRS425, B3782) and L6146 (TECl / TECl, pRS425 Ca TECl, B3782).
- the units were normalized with regard to the haploid wild type and the diploid wild type.
- Figure 3 shows how the Ca TECl gene was inactivated in C. albicans.
- FIG. 3A shows a Southern blot of stepwise produced isogenic mutants with a CaTECl fragment as a probe (probe, Figure 3A).
- (C) shows the Northern analysis of the Ca TECl expression of the revertant CaAS20 ⁇ CaTECl / CaTECl pVEC-CaTECl) and the mutant CaAS18 (Ca TECl / CaTECl pVEC) during the growth in the log phase in YPD medium at 28 ° C. (Lanes 1, 5) and after 45 minutes (lanes 2, 6), 90 minutes (lanes 3, 7) and 300 minutes (lanes 4, 8) of growth in liquid culture medium that had been enriched with serum 37 ° C. The ACT1 expression was analyzed as a control and is shown in the two lower images.
- FIG. 4 shows the suppression of the formation of hyphae by a mutation of the Ca TECl gene.
- the strain CaAS20 ⁇ CaTECl / CaTECl pVEC-CaTEClJ (left picture) and the mutant CaAS18 ⁇ CaTECl / Ca TECl pVEC) (right picture) were transferred in RPMl-1640 liquid medium, which had been enriched with serum, at 37 ° C. vaccinated and checked for the development of hyphae after 90 minutes (a, d), 3 hours (b, e) and 12 hours (c, f).
- the arrows in (e) show examples of le for cell wall constrictions between pseudo-hyphal cells.
- Figure 5 shows the interaction between C. albicans and primary M ⁇ cells.
- CaAS20 bypasses the M ⁇ and forms germ tubes and long filaments, while CaAS18 accumulates in M ⁇ (arrows in d).
- FIG. 6 shows the results of a Northern analysis of the SAP4-6 and EFG1 expression in the wild-type strain SC5314, in CaAS20 and in the mutant CaAS18 during the log growth phase in YPD medium at 28 ° C. (lanes 1, 5, 9) and after 45 minutes (tracks 2, 6, 10), 90 minutes (tracks 3, 7, 11) and 300 minutes (tracks 4, ⁇ , 12) growth in liquid culture media enriched with serum at 30 ° C.
- the ACT1 hybridization as a control is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3C.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of virulence tests of BALB / c mice which were carried out either with the mutant strain CaAS18 Ca TECl / Ca TECl (pVEC) (open squares or circles) or with the revertant CaAS20 CaTECl / CaTECl (pVEC-CaTECl) ( black squares or circles).
- pVEC mutant strain CaAS18 Ca TECl / Ca TECl
- pVEC-CaTECl revertant CaAS20 CaTECl / CaTECl
- FIG. 8 shows two microscopic fluorescence images of C. al.hica.ns cells after staining with Calcofluor white, which had been purified from KOH-solubilized vaginal douches (vag.) And kidneys (iv.).
- FIG. 9 shows the results of Northern blot analyzes of RNA, the avirulent mutant Can61 ⁇ CaTECl) (CaASl ⁇ ) and the virulent mutant Can62 (CaAS20), which were cultured in RPM1-1640 medium containing 10% FCS over different periods of time were.
- the Northern blots were hybridized with probes for the C. albicans-specific genes HWP1 and ALS 1, 3, 8. A hybridization with a CaTECl probe and with an ACTl probe followed as a control.
- SEQ ID No. 1 shows the 4216 nucleotide DNA sequence of a genomic clone of the CaTECl gene from Candida albicans.
- SEQ ID No. 2 shows the 2229 nucleotide protein coding region of the genomic clone from SEQ ID No. 1 (bp 953 to 3181, based on SEQ ID No. 1 ATG-Start: 953-955, stop codon: 3182-3184).
- SEQ ID No. 3 shows the 5 'regulatory element of the CaTECl gene from SEQ ID No. 1 (bp 1 to 952 based on SEQ ID No. 1).
- SEQ ID No. 4 shows the amino acid sequence of the CaTEC1 protein according to the invention comprising 743 amino acids derived from an open reading frame (SEQ ID No. 2) of SEQ ID No. 1.
- SEQ ID No. 5 shows the sequence of the primer TEClgenPCR.01, which was used to isolate the DNA sequence according to the invention of the CaTECl gene.
- SEQ ID No. 6 shows the sequence of the primer TEClgenPCR.02, which was used to isolate the DNA sequence according to the invention of the CaTECl gene.
- SEQ ID No. 7 shows the 3 'regulatory element of the CaTEC1 protein according to the invention from SEQ ID No. 1 (bp 3185-4216 based on SEQ ID No. 1).
- SEQ ID No. 8 shows the sequence of a CaTECl-specific nucleic acid probe suitable for the diagnosis of Candida infections.
- SEQ ID No. 9 shows the sequence of a further nucleic acid probe suitable for the diagnosis of Candida infections.
- a 4.2 kb fragment was obtained from genomic DNA of the CA1-4 strain (Fonzi and Irwin, Genetics (1993) 134, 717-728) using the LongRange-PCR-Kit (Boehringer, Germany). The PCR product was subcloned into the EcoRV site of the vector pGEM-T-Easy (Promega, Germany), whereby the plasmid p275 deposited with DSMZ was obtained.
- the BglII-EcoRV fragment of plasmid p275 which contained the CaTECl-ORF (open reading frame, 2229 bp in length, SEQ ID No. 2), was against the 3.5 kb BglII-Sall fragment of a hisG-URA3-hisG- Replaced cassette obtained from the plasmid pMB7 (Fonzi and Irwin, Genetics, 134 (1993), 717-728), where plasmid p277 was obtained. This plasmid was cleaved with NotI and transformed into the ura ⁇ - C.
- albicans strain CA1-4 so as to replace the coding region of one of the chromosomal CaTECl alleles with the hisG-URA3-hisG cassette by means of homologous recombination.
- Ura + transformants were selected on a selective ura ⁇ medium.
- the integration of the cassette into the CaTECl locus was confirmed by means of Southern blot analysis. Spontaneously generated ura ⁇ derivatives were selected on a medium containing 5-fluoroorotic acid.
- These clones were screened by Southern blot hybridization to identify the clones that had lost the URA3 gene by intrachromosomal recombination mediated by the hisG repeat sequences. This procedure was repeated to delete the other functional allele from CaTECl.
- the homozygous catecl:: hisG / catecl:: hisG mutant (one of these homozygous mutants was designated as CaAS15) was obtained.
- the mutant CaASl ⁇ was transformed either with the vector pVEC to give the strain CaASl ⁇ or with the vector pVEC-CaTECl containing the CaTECl gene to give the strain CaAS20.
- the C. alhicans plasmid pVEC-CaTECl was constructed by inserting an Ncol-Sacl fragment of plasmid p275, which contains the CaTECl gene, into the plasmid pVEC ⁇ Candida albicans, Navarro-Garcia et al. , J. Med. Vet. Mycol 33 (1995), 361-366), which contains a replication origin of Candida albicans and a selectable CaURA3 marker and which had been cleaved with the restriction enzymes Smal and Sacl.
- Yeast tecl mutants have a pseudohyphal defect in diploid and an invasion defect in haploid strains.
- CaTECl was in the diploid S. cerevisiae-Sta m L6146 (tecl / tecl) introduced. L6146-pRS425CaTECl was obtained. This strain was tested for pseudohyphal growth on SLAD agar. It could be shown that CaTECl could complement the pseudohyphal growth defect of L6146, the strain L6146 containing the plasmid without CaTECl insert.
- the invasive growth defect of the haploid S. cerevisiae strain L6149 (tecl) on YPD agar was also complemented after transformation with pRS425CaTECl.
- CaTECl is able to transcribe FLOll in the absence of TECl in S. to activate cerevisiae. Flollp namely requires Teclp for activation and is essential for the growth of pseudohyphae and invasions (Lambrechts et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA (1996) 93, 8419-8424).
- the isogenic catecl / catecl mutants could neither be induced by serum induction nor by interaction with murine phagocytes to form hyphae.
- mutant CaASl ⁇ strain 24 hours after induction, the majority of the mutant cells formed short filaments. A smaller fraction of the cells developed into branched mycelia. The same morphology of the mutant CaASl ⁇ strain was obtained by inducing hyphal growth in modified Lee's medium at neutral pH. These defects in liquid medium could be reversed by reintroducing the CaTECl gene on the plasmid pVEC-CaTECl in the revertant strain CaAS20.
- albi cans cells per infected M ⁇ This indicates that CaASl ⁇ is constantly growing within the host cells. Occasionally, a small number of mycelia could be be taken care of. The majority of the cells of the CaAS20 strain developed into typical mycelia. Hyphal growth was not inhibited by M ⁇ . CaTEClp is therefore necessary for the growth of C. albicans from M ⁇ .
- the gene defect in the CaTECl gene therefore has serious consequences not only in vitro for the formation of hyphae, but also in vivo for the virulence of C. albicans.
- a catecl / oatecl mutant calls for an infected dose of infected Balb / c mice 5 x 10 5 cells showed only moderate clinical signs of systemic candidiasis.
- Candida albicans strains Can ⁇ l ⁇ CaTECl and Can62 ⁇ pCaTECl were taken from the strain collection, "spread on SC-ura agar plates and incubated for two days in an incubator at 30 ° C. Then 5 ml of precultures from each of the colonies thus grown were in SC-ura liquid medium was inoculated and incubated overnight in a shaking incubator at 30 ° C. and 37 ° C. The primary cultures were converted from these precultures in a ratio of 1: 100 in 5 ml YPD medium, RPMI-1640 medium 10 % FCS and ⁇ -Mem medium, which in turn were shaken at 30 ° C. and 37 ° C.
- the strains Can61 ⁇ CaTECl) and Can62 ⁇ pCa TECl) and the wild type Canl4 were streaked out SC-ura agar plates and storage in an incubator for two days at 30 ° C.
- 50 ml of SC-ura liquid medium were inoculated as a preculture and only at 30 ° C. in a shaker incubator overnight
- the main culture of the Can ⁇ l ⁇ CaTECl) and Can62 ⁇ pCa TECl) strains resulted from a 1: 100 batch from the corresponding preculture in 600 ml of RMI-1,640 medium with an addition of 10% FCS.
- FIG. 9 The results of this Northern blot analysis are shown in FIG. 9.
- the gene HWPl is not expressed in the avirulent mutant Can61, in which the CaTECl has been deleted, even after 22 hours of incubation.
- HWPl is expressed in the virulent mutant 62 after two hours of cultivation, the expression level not increasing even after prolonged cultivation.
- the ALS 1, 3, 8 gene is also not expressed in the avirulent mutant Can61 ( ⁇ Ca TECl). In the virulent mutant Can62 ⁇ CaTECl), the expression of ALS 1, 3, 8 is highest after four hours of cultivation and decreases during further cultivation.
- a chip was produced which contained nucleic acids from Candida albicans which either had homologies to cell wall genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae or which were known cell wall genes from Candida albicans. These probes were amplified by PCR on a 96-well plate scale and then purified. The probes were then printed on the coated south.
- RNAs to be compared on a chip were analyzed as described below using oligo (dT) primers from an r . subjected to inverse transcription with Superscript II, in which differently fluorescence-labeled nucleotides (Cy3-dCTP and Cy5-dCTP) were incorporated into the resulting cDNA. Nucleotides that were not incorporated were then separated off using Microcon 30 filters. After combining the two individual samples, they were concentrated. Large particles were then eliminated using a Millipore filter (0.45 ⁇ m).
- Hybridization then took place. This was done as follows. After a Petri dish with moist Whatman paper was prepared as a hybridization chamber and the sample to be applied was briefly denatured at 100 ° C, the sample was applied between the markings on the DNA chip. Air bubbles created in the process could be destroyed with a hot needle. A coverslip was then placed without air bubbles and the chamber was carefully sealed with parafilm. Hybridization was carried out overnight in a 65 ° C water bath, wherein the coated fluorescently labeled cDNA v in complementary DNA on the chip with that interact and Wasserstoffmaschinenbin- 'could form fertil.
- the samples bound on the slide could be detected using a special array scanner.
- two lasers of different wavelengths were emitted, which excited the two different fluorescent dyes.
- the scanner delivered two single images of the same array, one scanned in the red laser channel and one in the green, with the probes on which the sample hybridized, each fluorescing.
- ImaGene software a so-called 0-verlay could be created. Both individual images, which had been superimposed by the computer, provided an image in which the same gene expressions appeared as yellow data points, while different gene expressions appeared either as red or green data points. This visual representation of the results was expanded by a further evaluation of the raw data table delivered via the computer.
- fluorescence was the data point on the array is represented by its own fluorescence intensity and the associated background intensity.
- the computer determined these on the basis of the pixels that were calculated over an area around the data point. On the basis of this table, further evaluation using common PC software such as Excel was possible. Based on the evaluations, results were obtained which confirmed the results of the Northern blot analysis.
- Canl4 • wild type, clinical isolate SC5341 [6]
- Can62 (pCaTECl; virulent mutant CaAS20 [26] ura3:: imm43 / ura3:: imm43 catecl:: hisG / catecl:: hisG plasmid pVEC-CaTECl (ARS-URA3)
- RNA loading buffer 50% glycerol 1 mM EDTA pH 8.0 0.25% bromophenol blue 25% xylene cyanol FF
- Electrophoresis Amersham Pharmacia Biotech EPS 301 power supply
- Hybridizing oven GFL 7601
- Orbital shaker Belly Dancer, Stovall Life
- pH meter Greisinger Electronics measurement and control technology
- Phosphoimager Molecular Dynamics Storm 660 Molecular Dynamics Phosphor Screen and Exposure Cassette
- UV crosslinker Stratagene UV stratalinker I ⁇ OO
- Centrifuges Heraeus Megafuge 1.0R, refrigerated centrifuge
- YPD Medium Complete medium for yeast extract (Difco) 10 g / 1 Bacto-Peptone (Difco) 20 g / 1 glucose solution ⁇ 40%) 50 ml / 1
- Ammonium sulfate 5.0 g / 1 glucose solution (40%) 50 ml / 1 amino acids, nucleotides SC-ura Medium: Selection medium for yeasts like SC medium but without uracil
- Aicon Microcon-30 filter
- Millipore filter Millipore filter, 0.45 ⁇
- the acid phenol extraction method at 65 ° C was used for RNA isolation.
- the cultured cells were centrifuged at 1500 ⁇ g and 4 ° C. for 15 minutes, media residues were washed out twice with ice-cold ddH 2 0 and the cells were resuspended in a 1: 1 mixture of TES and phenol. The amount of this mixture corresponded to the volume of the cell pellet. After an incubation of 60 minutes at 65 ° C, during which it was mixed more often to increase the RNA yield, two phases were formed by centrifugation again at 1500x g and 4 ° C for 15 minutes.
- the subsequent phase separation was carried out as already described.
- Another centrifugation at 1500x g and 4 ° C for 15 minutes led to two clearly separated phases, again the upper aqueous phase in a mixture of 100% ice-cold ethanol and 0.1 Vo. 3 M sodium acetate pH 5.3 was added.
- RNA precipitated after 2 to 24 hours and could be centrifuged at 1500x g and 4 ° C for 15 minutes. While remaining salts dissolved out by washing once in ice-cold 70% ethanol, the RNA remained in its undissolved pellet form. The supernatant was discarded and residual amounts of ethanol were removed by subsequent air drying. The RNA was finally resuspended in sufficient DEPC-H 2 0 to give a final concentration of 5 to 10 ⁇ g / ⁇ l.
- RNA concentrations were determined by photometric absorbance measurement at 260 nm and subsequent calculation. The calculation was made using the dilution used and a conversion factor based on an RNA concentration of 40 ⁇ g / ml for an extinction of 1.0. The quotient from E 26 o / E 28 o could be used to determine the purity. For sufficiently pure RNA, the quotient must be between 1.8 and 2.0.
- the sample preparation was prepared as follows:
- the DNA gel electrophoresis was carried out with 1% agarose gels prepared in 1 x TBE buffer.
- the ethidium bromide was added to the gels in a ratio of 1: 15000 from a 10 ⁇ g / ⁇ l stock solution.
- the sample was prepared in a ratio of 1: 1 with the sample buffer.
- the electrophoresis conditions were as follows:
- a 1.2% agarose gel was used to test the PCR products during chip production, the batch being made in 1 x TAE buffer.
- the ethidium bromide was added to the gel as in point b) DNA gels and the sample was mixed with the sample buffer in a ratio of 1: 1.
- the conditions were chosen as follows:
- restriction digest with Nsil was carried out in a volume of 30 ⁇ l with 3 ⁇ l P275-DNA (approx. 1 ⁇ g) and 4 U enzyme at 37 ° C. The incubation took place overnight.
- the DNA fragments used for the experiments were amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- the batches each contained 10 ng DNA, 1 ⁇ PCR buffer (Gibco), 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM each nucleotide, 20 pmol each primer and 2 U Taq polymerase in a volume of 50 ⁇ l.
- the program flow of the cycler differed depending on the primer pair used in the annealing temperature. The following was true for the PCR amplification used for chip production on a 96-well plate scale:
- the DNA fragments from PCR and restriction digestion were generally purified according to the protocol of the Qiagen QIAquick PCR Purification Kit.
- the DNA obtained was eluted in 30-50 ⁇ l of microbiologically pure water.
- the S probes used for the Northern blots, radioactively labeled with [ ⁇ - 32 P] -dCTP, were produced according to the protocol of the Stratagene Prime-It II Random Primer Labeling Kit.
- [ ⁇ - 32 P] - dCTP was incorporated into the synthesis chain as a radioactive nucleotide. Subsequent separation of unincorporated radioactive nucleotides was carried out according to the protocol of the Amersham ProbeQuant G-50 Micro Columns.
- the oligo (dT) probe used for the mRNA detection and radioactively labeled with [ ⁇ - 32 P] -ATP was produced by converting oligo (dT) primers with T4 polynucleotide kinase according to the instructions from New England Biolabs.
- the radioactive ⁇ - 32 P was transferred from ATP to the oligo (dT) primer by the T4 polynucleotide kinase.
- Hybridization was carried out at 62 to 65 ° C. with radiolabelled DNA fragments, the membranes were then treated and autoradiography was carried out as usual (Church and Gilbert, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81 (1984), 1991-1995 ).
- Northern blots were quantified using a Fuji BAS 3000 phosphor IMAGER device using the associated software.
- the ether blot analyzes were carried out as described by Schröppel et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol., 32 (1994), 2646-2654). Genomic DNA digested with restriction enzymes was separated on 0.7% agarose gels and blotted on Biodyne B nylon membranes. Hybridization and stringent washes were performed as described (Church and Gilbert (1984) supra) followed by autoradiography.
- an Nsil fragment from p275 was labeled with random primers.
- an equimolar mixture of p206, p207 and p208 was labeled, which was obtained by subcloning BglII fragments of the SAP4, SAP5 and SAP6 ORFs (Monod et al., Mol. Microbiol., 13 (1994) , 357-368) into the BamHI site of pGEM3Z (Lengths of the inserts: 755, 677 and 660 bp). Plasmids for the detection of ACTl and EFGl mRNA were kindly provided by Prof. J. Ernst, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf.
- RNA isolation dye 15 ⁇ g of the RNA isolated from the strains were mixed in a ratio of 1: 3 with RNA loading dye and separated on a 1% RNA gel overnight at 10 V in 1 x MOPS.
- the gel was photographed under UV light and then placed upside down on a suitably cut blot block made of Whatman paper, which had previously been placed in a
- RNA in the gel could be transferred to the nylon membrane overnight and, after air drying, fixed twice in the UV crosslinker via "auto cross link". Subsequent washing of the blot in 2x SSC should reduce the high salt concentration on the membrane. After drying again in air the blot was wrapped in foil The membrane was blocked at 65 ° C. in the hybridization furnace. The actual hybridization then took place with the radioactively labeled probe, which had previously been placed in 10 ml of Church buffer. To ensure optimal hybridization, hybridization was carried out overnight at 65 ° C.
- the duration of the exposure varied, but at least it took place overnight. It was then welded in and stored at -70 ° C until further processing in the isotope laboratory.
- the cells for the ⁇ -galactosidase tests of FL011 :: lacZ or FG :: TyA-lacZ were grown in SC liquid medium and according to Mösch et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93 (1996), 5352-5356).
- Cells for the quantification of FL011 :: lacZ or FG :: TyA-lacZ expression in the exponential growth phase were inoculated 1:20 from confluent 20-hour cultures in fresh medium and allowed to grow for 4-6 hours.
- the cells for the quantification of FL011 :: lacZ and FG:: TyA-lacZ expressions after the post-diauxic shift were grown for 48 hours.
- C. albicans was investigated using M ⁇ obtained from peritoneal exudate, which was essentially as described in Bogdan et al. (Eur. J. Im unol., 20 (1990), 1131-1135, Gessner et al ., Infect. Immun., 61 (1993), 4008-4012).
- M ⁇ was in a density of 8 x 10 5 cells on eight different wells (Nunc, Germany) and " formed a monolayer of adherent cells.
- C. ' albicans was added with an multiplicity of infection (MOI, Multiplicity of infection) of 1:16 (C. albicans: M ⁇ ratio) and the plates were incubated with 5% CO 2 for 8 or 24 hours at 37 ° C. The plates were fixed (Histo Choice, Amresco) and stained with periodic acid Schiff's reagent (Sigma), followed by microscopic examinations using a Zeiss -Axiophot microscope " (Zeiss, Goettingen).
- mice Eight to ten week old female BALB / c mice (Charles Rivers Breeding Laboratories, Sulzfeld, Germany, 5 to 8 per group) were used in the in vivo studies. Mucosal colonization of the vaginal canal was initiated by inoculating BALB / c mice intravaginally with 5 x 10 4 blastoconidia of the stationary phase in 20 ⁇ l PBS (Fidel, Jr. et al., Infect Immun (1993) 61, 1990-1995) were. 72 hours before inoculation, the mice were injected subcutaneously with 0.02 mg / mouse estradiol valerate (Sigma) in 0.1 ml of sesame oil. Estrogen treatments were continued at weekly intervals.
- CFU colony-forming units
- the fungal cells were isolated from the vaginal canal (day 21) or from the kidneys (day 12). The samples were dissolved using a 20% KOH solution at room temperature. Samples were centrifuged at 1500 x g for 10 minutes and the sediment was applied to slides in the presence of fluorescent brighteners (Calcofluor-Weiss, Sigma, Germany) for epifluorescence microscopy (Zeiss Axiophot, Zeiss, Germany).
- the chip was produced using the protocols from Stanford University [31]
- the selection criteria for the probes to be printed on this chip were homologies in Candida albicans to cell wall genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and known cell wall genes in Candida albicans. These probes were amplified by PCR on a 96-well plate scale and then purified. Running a 1.2% agarose gel at 150 V for 1.5 hours gave information about the quality of the probes. The coated slides were printed on the spotter.
- the printing area had to be marked with a glass pen before each further work step in order to be able to precisely position the cover slip for hybridization later.
- the probes were allowed to swell briefly over 1 ⁇ SSC and then dried again at 80 ° C. for 3 seconds. Subsequent fixation the covalent DNA on the slide on training l 'enter bonds was carried out by UV irradiation in a UV crosslinker.
- the slides were treated for 20 minutes with a blocking solution containing succinic anhydride, sodium borate and N-methylpyrrolidinone as described in the protocol [33] included.
- the DNA on the slide was then denatured by leaving the slides in a 95 ° C water bath for 2 minutes.
- the slides were dried by washing in 95% ethanol and then centrifuging at 150 ⁇ g for 5 minutes.
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US23093600P | 2000-09-13 | 2000-09-13 | |
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DE10045123A DE10045123B8 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2000-09-13 | The C. albicans TEC1 GEN (CaTEC1) and the encoded Tec1p protein |
PCT/EP2001/010596 WO2002022825A2 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2001-09-13 | The c. albicans tec1 gene (catec1) and the coded tec1p protein |
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