EP1308670B1 - Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte - Google Patents

Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1308670B1
EP1308670B1 EP01660198A EP01660198A EP1308670B1 EP 1308670 B1 EP1308670 B1 EP 1308670B1 EP 01660198 A EP01660198 A EP 01660198A EP 01660198 A EP01660198 A EP 01660198A EP 1308670 B1 EP1308670 B1 EP 1308670B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
explosion
luminaire
protected
illumination source
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01660198A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1308670A1 (de
Inventor
Tuomas O. Luomala
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centaurea Oy
Original Assignee
Centaurea Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centaurea Oy filed Critical Centaurea Oy
Priority to AT01660198T priority Critical patent/ATE454590T1/de
Priority to EP01660198A priority patent/EP1308670B1/de
Priority to DE60141027T priority patent/DE60141027D1/de
Publication of EP1308670A1 publication Critical patent/EP1308670A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1308670B1 publication Critical patent/EP1308670B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V15/00—Protecting lighting devices from damage
    • F21V15/01—Housings, e.g. material or assembling of housing parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V25/00—Safety devices structurally associated with lighting devices
    • F21V25/12—Flameproof or explosion-proof arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an explosion-protected luminaire comprising an illumination source, a plastic casing, and means for providing electric power to illuminate the illumination source, the plastic casing comprising at least a transparent middle block, and non-transparent first and second end blocks.
  • Hazardous locations mean such areas in which a risk of explosions exist.
  • the risk of explosions may be due to existence of explosive materials in such areas.
  • These hazardous locations are, for example, petrochemical plants, coal mines, etc.
  • such hazardous locations may exist in normally safe areas.
  • fuel containers may be stored in service buildings. It is extremely important to eliminate any risks of sparking in such areas.
  • the sparking must not be induced for electrostatics, inductivity, electric devices (e.g. luminaires), breakage of an electric device or any other reason.
  • many requirements are set for electric devices which may be used in hazardous locations. These kind of devices must be protected against sparking, the electric power supplied to the devices must be limited, warming-up of surfaces of the devices must not exceed certain limits, etc.
  • the determination that areas can be classified as hazardous locations is based on the following:
  • Zones In Europe three Zones are defined where explosive mixtures of gas or powder and air can exist. The most dangerous zone is Zone 0 in which the mixture is continuously or almost continuously present. Zone 1 is defined as a location where the mixture is likely to occur in normal operations. In Zone 2 locations the mixture is unlikely or will only exist for a short time.
  • the devices which are intended to be used in hazardous locations must be accepted by a Notified Body before the devices are allowed to be used in such locations.
  • the patent US 5,381,321 describes an explosion-proof luminaire comprising a transparent tube in which the source of illumination is placed.
  • the source of illumination is a fluorescent lamp.
  • the control electronics for controlling the fluorescent lamp is situated inside the casing of the luminaire. Therefore the control electronics must not generate sparks or over-heat even if the luminaire breaks down.
  • the power supply which is normally situated outside the hazardous location must limit the electric power supplied to the luminaire especially when the luminaire is used in hazardous locations (such as Class 1 according to the U.S. National Electrical Code).
  • any possible fault situations have to be taken into account. Such fault situations are, for example, a breakage of the fluorescent lamp caused by e.g. dropping of the luminaire or the luminaire is otherwise affected by an impact.
  • Another explosion-protected luminaire comprising a transparent tube is known in which pressurized air is blown into the casing of the luminaire.
  • the pressurized air rotates a generator which generates electric power to the luminaire.
  • the pressurized air also cools down the fluorescent tube.
  • the luminaire is so designed that if the supply of pressurized air stops, the fluorescent lamp cools down before the temperature of the casing of the luminaire rises too high.
  • This kind of luminaire has the disadvantage that it is large and quite heavy, about 50 to 70 kg therefore it is not very practical to be used in maintenance and service work.
  • the publication EP 1 156 272 discloses a light source for a lamp.
  • the light source is formed by a number of light emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on a printed circuit board.
  • the control gear for the LED voltage can be located in the lamp envelope.
  • the LED's can be varied in colour. Empty space in the envelope can be filled with various materials e.g. glass balls to protect the LEDs from vibration.
  • the light source of D1 comprises a voltage supply unit which forms the supply voltage for the LEDs. There are groups of LEDs connected in series. These groups of LEDs are further connected in parallel. The voltage supply unit supplies the appropriate voltage to all these groups of LEDs via the same connectors.
  • the luminaire should be as small and light as possible. Fluorescent lamps are not very small wherein it is not easy to reduce the size of the luminaire.
  • the weight of the luminaire can be reduced by using plastic casings, e.g. antistatic plastic casings.
  • plastic casings e.g. antistatic plastic casings.
  • Ordinary, impact-proof plastic can cause electrostatic sparking which is not desirable when such luminaires are used in hazardous locations.
  • antistatic plastic material is used instead of antistatic plastic material, the risk of electrostatic sparking has to be taken into account in designing the luminaires.
  • the publication WO 98/57527 discloses a method for treatment of an article to become electroconductive.
  • the treatment is made with a mixture containing polyaniline, a varnish and a hardening agent.
  • the method comprises a treatment stage in which the article is treated with said mixture, and an evaporating stage for hardening the mixture at least partly.
  • the method can be implemented e.g. to produce a lamp having an antistatic casing.
  • the present invention is based on the idea that the illumination source is made of light emitting diodes and the electric power supplied to the illumination source is limited by barriers. More precisely, the explosion-protected luminaire according to the present invention is primarily characterized by what is disclosed in the characterising part of claim 1.
  • the illumination source of the explosion-protected luminaire of the present invention comprises light emitting diodes (LED) which are not very sensible to impacts and they don't induce electric spikes (voltage and/or current) if they are broken.
  • the LEDs also have the advantage that they don't generate too much heat so there is no need to arrange any cooling apparatus inside the casing where the LEDs are situated.
  • the use of LEDs also makes it possible to use barriers for limiting the electric power supplied to the illumination source. This has not been possible before with normal illumination sources, e.g. fluorescent lamps, because the barriers limit the current level too low for generating enough illumination by illumination sources used in prior art explosion-protected luminaires.
  • a grounded metal sheet is provided to reduce the touchable area of such parts of the plastic casing which are not antistatic. Therefore, the electrostatic sparking can be eliminated.
  • FIG. 1a there is described an explosion-protected luminaire 1 according to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention. It comprises an illumination source 2 which is protected by a casing 3.
  • the power is supplied to the illumination source 2 by a cable 4 comprising the necessary amount of wires for the power supplement. It is also possible to use more than one power supply cable 4, if necessary and if required by safety regulations.
  • the cable 4 comprises a set of pairs 5 of wires 6 (twisted pairs) as shown in the simplified cross-section in Fig. 1b .
  • Each pair 5 is covered by a shielding 7, preferably a metallic membrane or braiding.
  • the structure of the cable 4 reduces a risk of electrical breakdown between wire pairs of the cable. All the pairs of the cable are further surrounded by an outer shielding 8, which can also be e.g. a metallic membrane or braiding.
  • the cable is preferably a so called Robo® cable, which is the trademark of Robotech.
  • the cable can also comprise connectors 9 to connect/disconnect the cable.
  • the connector has contact element (not shown) for each wire 6 of the cable and also for each shielding 7, 8 of the cable.
  • the number of connectors 9 is not restricted to one but the explosion-protected luminaire 1 can comprise more than one connector 9 and more than one cable 4.
  • the connector(s) 9 is/are also explosion-protected, e.g. intrinsic safe connectors.
  • the illumination source 2 comprises LEDs 10.
  • the amount of the LEDs can vary in different embodiments.
  • the amount of the LEDs affect the illumination produced by the illumination source 2.
  • the number of LEDs can be limited by safety regulations.
  • the maximum electric power supplied to the explosion-protected luminaire must not exceed certain limits.
  • the power supply means of the explosion-protected luminaire comprises means 12 to limit the electric power supplied to the illumination source 2, as will be described later in this description.
  • the LEDs of the illumination source 2 are preferably so called bright LEDs which has the advantage that the illumination produced by them is much stronger than illumination produced by normal LEDs.
  • the colour of the illumination is preferably white, but it is obvious that other colours can be used within the scope of the present invention.
  • As an example of such LEDs is L5-W54N-BS produced by Sloan Ag company. This type of LED can produce a maximum illumination of 8000 mCd when supplied voltage is 3,6 V and supplied current is about 20 mA.
  • the LEDs 10 of the illumination source 2 are advantageously divided into groups 11, wherein power is supplied individually to each group 11.
  • the LEDs 10 in a group 11 are connected in series such that the voltage drop across each LED 10 is within allowed limits.
  • the series connection further comprises a series resistor 14.
  • the number of LEDs within each group depends e.g. on the supply voltage, on the allowed supply voltage of the LEDs (voltage drop), and on the resistance of the resistor 14. Normally the supply voltage is about 3,6 V for bright LED and the current consumption of the bright LED normally is about 20 mA.
  • Part of the groups of the LEDs can be connected in parallel wherein it is not necessary to arrange power limiter 12 for each group 11 of LEDs.
  • the power transferred via the pair of wires to a paralleled connected groups 11 of LEDs defines the maximum number of groups 11 of LEDs which can be connected in parallel.
  • the cable comprises six pairs of wires.
  • the total number of LEDs is 60 wherein each pair of wires supply power to 10 LEDs.
  • each group 11 of LEDs comprises equal number of LEDs there are two serially connected LEDs in each group 11 and five groups 11 are connected in parallel to be supplied by one pair of wires.
  • the LEDs 10 are arranged to a base plate 13 as a matrix. Therein all the LEDs illuminate to substantially same direction but it is obvious that other arrangements can be used within the scope of the present invention.
  • the base plate 13 is e.g . a normal printed circuit board (PCB) and the LEDs 10 can be fixed to it by soldering.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the power is supplied to each group 11 of the LEDs through power limiters 12 which are also called as barriers. Also terms safety barrier and intrinsic safety barrier are known for such devices.
  • the term barrier is used for such power limiting devices.
  • the barrier has means to limit the output power of the barrier within safe limits to limit the energy delivered to the instruments located in the hazardous area.
  • the barrier keeps the voltage and current from exceeding prescribed limits even under conditions where faults occur. Therefore, in each pair of wires of the cable the power (voltage x current) is within acceptable value for hazardous locations.
  • the total power supplied to the illumination means 2 can then be as much as the maximum power of one pair of wires times the number of wire pairs. If the same amount of power would be supplied by only one pair of wires that could mean an unacceptable high value for hazardous locations.
  • the barriers 12 limit the output power to a certain safe limit, one must still take into account the total power supplied by all the barriers so that the total power entering the cable is not too high. Therefore the illumination of the illumination source can not be increased without limits by increasing the number of LEDs and the number of wire pairs.
  • the power source 15 comprises a transformer 16 for transforming the input voltage to a suitable level.
  • the input voltage is 230 VAC (normal mains voltage in Europe) or 110 VAC (normal mains voltage in U.S.A.) which is transformed to 12 VAC.
  • the regulator 17 converts the AC voltage into DC voltage.
  • the DC voltage is then supplied to the power limiters 12.
  • the power source 15 can have means for supplying power to more than one illumination source 2.
  • the power source 15 can produce power to three illumination sources 2 therein at least the power limiters 12 are tripled so that there are three groups of power limiters 12 each of them supplying power to one illumination source 2.
  • the power source 15 is arranged into a flame-proof casing (e.g. gases of class 2c) to prevent any risks that a possible malfunctioning of the power source 15 induces an explosion outside of the casing.
  • a flame-proof casing e.g. gases of class 2c
  • the casing 3 comprises two end blocks 18, 19, and a transparent middle block 20.
  • the illumination source 2 is inside the tubular middle block 20 to enable the illumination of the illumination source 2 to spread outside from the casing 3.
  • the middle block 20 is preferably of plastic which is covered by antistatic coating known as such. The antistatic coating is necessary to eliminate the electrostatic sparking of the middle block 20.
  • the end blocks 18, 19 are made of antistatic or non-antistatic plastic. Usage of non-antistatic plastic material enhances the risk of electrostatic sparking. Therefore, in an advantageous embodiment of the present invention the end blocks 18, 19 comprise so called impediment plates 21 to reduce large planar areas in the end blocks 18, 19. Further, the first end block 18, which is also used as feeding through conduit for the cable 4, comprises a metallic sheet 22. The metallic sheet 22 is grounded to the outer shielding 8 to prevent the electrostatic sparking of the metallic sheet 22. The meaning of the metallic sheet 22 is to further reduce the touchable area of the plastic first end block 18.
  • the present invention is not restricted to such embodiments in which the casing 3 is made of non-antistatic plastic material. Further, the casing 3 or part of it can also be made of other materials than plastic, e.g. of glass.
  • the explosion-protected luminaire 1 of the present invention can be used in hazardous locations of any class and still enough illumination is provided for normal maintenance and service work of e.g . aeroplanes, petrochemistry plants, coal mines, etc.
  • the explosion-protected luminaire 1 can also be used in locations which are not classified as hazardous locations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) mit einer Lichtquelle (2), einem Gehäuse (3) und Mittel (15) zur Stromversorgung zum Beleuchten der Lichtquelle (2), wobei das Gehäuse (3) mindestens einen durchsichtigen Mittelblock (20) und undurchsichtige erste (18) und zweite Endblöcke (19) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Strom in die Lichtquelle (2) durch mindestens eine vom Gehäuse getrennter Sperre (12) zum Begrenzen des in die Lichtquelle (2) zugeführten Maximalstroms zugeführt wird, und dass die Lichtquelle (2) lichtemittierende Dioden (10) enthält, und dass die lichtemittierenden Dioden (10) der Lichtquelle (2) in Gruppen (11) angeordnet sind, die lichtemittierenden Dioden (10) jeder Gruppe (11) zum Bilden von einer oder mehreren Serien parallel geschalteter Gruppen (11) parallel geschaltet sind, und Strom für jeweilige Serie der parallel geschalteten Gruppen (11) von einer Sperre (12) zugeführt wird.
  2. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil des Gehäuses (3) aus Kunststoffmaterial besteht.
  3. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine geerdete Metallplatte (22) zur Reduzierung der berührbaren Fläche der nicht antistatischen Teile des Kunststoffgehäuses angeordnet ist.
  4. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens der erste Endblock (18) des Kunststoffgehäuses (3) mindestens teilweise von mindestens einer Metallplatte (22) zur Minimierung der berührbaren Fläche des nicht antistatischen Kunststoffteiles des Gehäuses (3) bedeckt ist.
  5. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Strom in die erwähnte Lichtquelle (2) mit einem Kabel (4) zugeführt wird, wobei das Kabel mindestens ein Paar (5) von Leitungen (6) für jede Serie der parallel geschalteten Gruppen (11) aufweist.
  6. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Paar (5) von Leitungen mit einer Umhüllung (7) bedeckt ist.
  7. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umhüllung (7) eine Metallfolie ist.
  8. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Paare (5) von Leitungen mit einer äußeren Umhüllung (7) bedeckt sind.
  9. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kabel (4) einen explosionsgeschützten Konnektor (9) aufweist.
  10. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens zwei Lichtquellen (2) und ein Stromkabel (4) für jede Lichtquelle (2) aufweist.
  11. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erwähnten Endblöcke (18, 19) des Gehäuses (3) Sperrplatten (21) zur Reduzierung von großen planaren Flächen der Endblöcken (18, 19) aufweisen.
  12. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zur Verwendung in gefährlichen Positionen der Zone 0 gemäß Ex-Klassifikation angeordnet ist.
  13. Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (15) zur Stromversorgung in einem flammensicheren Gehäuse angeordnet sind.
EP01660198A 2001-10-30 2001-10-30 Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte Expired - Lifetime EP1308670B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT01660198T ATE454590T1 (de) 2001-10-30 2001-10-30 Explosionsgeschützte leuchte
EP01660198A EP1308670B1 (de) 2001-10-30 2001-10-30 Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte
DE60141027T DE60141027D1 (de) 2001-10-30 2001-10-30 Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01660198A EP1308670B1 (de) 2001-10-30 2001-10-30 Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1308670A1 EP1308670A1 (de) 2003-05-07
EP1308670B1 true EP1308670B1 (de) 2010-01-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01660198A Expired - Lifetime EP1308670B1 (de) 2001-10-30 2001-10-30 Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte

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EP (1) EP1308670B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE454590T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60141027D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10323779A1 (de) * 2003-05-23 2005-01-05 Dbt Automation Gmbh Bergwerkleuchte
EP1630475A1 (de) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-01 Centaurea Oy Aufbau einer Beleuchtungsvorrichtung
DE102004044166B4 (de) * 2004-09-13 2009-02-12 BöSha GmbH + Co KG Explosionsgeschützte Leuchte mit Leuchtdioden als Lichtquelle
DE102007040272A1 (de) * 2007-08-24 2009-02-26 BöSha Technische Produkte GmbH & Co. KG Leuchte für explosionsgefährdete Bereiche
DE102017207181A1 (de) * 2017-04-28 2018-10-31 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Leuchtenbaugruppe für eine hochspannungsfeste LED-Leuchte

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS556687A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-01-18 Handotai Kenkyu Shinkokai Traffic use display
US4463399A (en) * 1982-07-19 1984-07-31 Square D Company Circuit for intrinsically safe pilot light
US5381321A (en) 1992-06-02 1995-01-10 Service Machine Co. Luminaire for hazardous atmospheres and explosion proof enclosure for power supply therefor
US5821695A (en) * 1996-08-06 1998-10-13 Appleton Electric Company Encapsulated explosion-proof pilot light
FI118280B (fi) * 1997-06-09 2007-09-14 Centaurea Oy Menetelmä kappaleen käsittelemiseksi
DE10024427A1 (de) * 2000-05-19 2001-12-20 Stahl R Schaltgeraete Gmbh Lichtquelle

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Publication number Publication date
ATE454590T1 (de) 2010-01-15
EP1308670A1 (de) 2003-05-07
DE60141027D1 (de) 2010-02-25

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