EP1298469A2 - Filtre accordable composé d'une fibre optique avec un réseau de Bragg - Google Patents
Filtre accordable composé d'une fibre optique avec un réseau de Bragg Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1298469A2 EP1298469A2 EP02292367A EP02292367A EP1298469A2 EP 1298469 A2 EP1298469 A2 EP 1298469A2 EP 02292367 A EP02292367 A EP 02292367A EP 02292367 A EP02292367 A EP 02292367A EP 1298469 A2 EP1298469 A2 EP 1298469A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- tunable filter
- confined space
- filter according
- pressures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
- G02B6/022—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tunable filter in wavelength as well as the method of use corresponding.
- the field of the invention is that of optical telecommunications and more specifically that of the tunable filters that we use especially in multiplexing or wavelength demultiplexing.
- Tunable filters can be made by Bragg networks photo-inscribed on waveguide portions such as optical fibers or planar waveguides. Such a filter constitutes a component integrated into an optical guide and can significantly reduce losses of insertion or dependence on polarization.
- An optical fiber is conventionally composed of an optical core, having the function of transmitting and optionally amplifying an optical signal, surrounded by an optical sheath, having the function of confining the optical signal in the core.
- the refractive indices of the heart n heart and of the sheath n sheath are such that n heart > n sheath .
- the core and the sheath form a waveguide.
- the sheath is itself surrounded by an external medium with a refractive index n ext > or ⁇ n sheath .
- the core-sheath assembly associated with the external medium again forms a waveguide.
- the fiber core and / or sheath can be doped to be made photosensitive for a Bragg grating inscription, for example with germanium (Ge).
- a Bragg grating is formed by a periodic local variation in the refractive index of the guide.
- the pitch of the network ie the distance between two variations of index in the guide, can be constant, variable or multiple.
- n eff the effective index of the fundamental mode in the heart of the guide.
- Stretching can be mechanical and consists of example to pull each end of the fiber. Such stretching is complex to perform and control.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunable filter, composed of an optical fiber with a Bragg grating, and can easily to be stretched.
- the subject of the invention is a tunable filter composed of an optical fiber comprising a network of Bragg on a portion of said fiber, mainly characterized in that said portion is coated with a material kept in a confined space, said material being able to exert pressure on said Bragg grating so as to compress radially and longitudinally stretching said portion of fiber.
- Such a filter thus makes it possible to stretch the fiber in transforming a pressure variation on the fiber into a longitudinal extension thereof by means of a elastic material which can deform.
- said pressures are induced by heating of the material which expands in said space confined.
- Said confined space can be delimited by a tube capillary or coarsely dilatable under the effect of the heat.
- said pressures are induced by external radial mechanical forces applied to the surface of the material maintained in said confined space.
- Said confined space may be delimited by a reservoir surrounding said portion of fiber and filled of a non-compressible element capable of inducing said radial forces under the effect of a pressure exerted on said non-compressible element.
- Said incompressible element can be a fluid non compressible or thermally material extensible.
- the material exerting pressure on the portion Bragg grating fiber can be a polymer of crosslinked elastomer type, for example silicone type.
- said pressures are induced by oxidation-reduction of the material which expands in said confined space.
- the material is a material electrochemical chosen from the group comprising conductive polymers, insertion compounds inorganic, graphite intercalation compounds, Fullerene type compounds.
- the material is placed between a first electrode and a second electrode and is associated with a electrolyte, such as an ionically conductive material of gel type.
- the invention also relates to a method stretching of an optical fiber composed of a network of Bragg on a portion of said fiber, characterized in what it is to exert pressure on said network by means of a material maintained in a space confined around said portion of fiber, so as to compress radially and stretch longitudinally said portion of fiber.
- said pressures are exerted by expansion of said material.
- the dilation of said material is induced by heating or by a redox cycle.
- said pressures are exerted by forces radial mechanics applied to the surface of said polymer material.
- the tunable filter according to the invention consists of a Bragg grating photo-inscribed on a portion of fiber optic 1, said fiber portion 1 being coated with a material 2 maintained in a space confined by a tube 3, a covering 4, a tank 5 or the like.
- the material 2 is able to exert pressure on the fiber portion 1.
- the material 2 will be stretched in the dimension of the axis of the fiber and will lead said portion of the fiber with it and therefore stretch it. So that the fiber portion 1 stretches with the material 2, it must not come off the fiber during the stretch and slides on the fiber without train it, that's why the material is confined in a space surrounding the fiber so as to be kept pressed against the fiber during the stretching of the material.
- a material 2 such as a polymer for example, is inserted into a tube capillary 3 made of a non-expanding material or little under the effect of heat.
- This tube 3 can be composed for example of a ferrous alloy such as that of the "Invar” brand of "IMPHY Steelworks”.
- Material 2 is then heated through the tube capillary 3 and will expand and increase in volume under the effect of heat.
- material 2 will expand as shown by the arrows, i.e. towards fiber 1 in the compressing in the radial direction i.e. plating even more on it and especially spread in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, which is the desired effect.
- the adhesion of material 2 to fiber 1 can be different from its adhesion to the capillary tube 3, especially under the effect of heat. stretching of material 2 in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, then is not the same at fiber 1 and at the level of the tube 3; stretching at the fiber 1 can in particular be braked by too strong adhesion of the material 2 to the capillary tube 3.
- a solution shown in Figure 1b) is to replace the capillary tube with coils 4 always made of the same ferrous alloy. These turns 4 form what is called a wrapping.
- a material 2 such as a polymer by example, is surrounded by an airtight container 5 filled with an incompressible element 6 directly in contact with polymeric material 2.
- This element incompressible 6 can be an incompressible liquid such as silicone oil or gel or material thermally expandable such as a polymer.
- Material 2 somehow constitutes a wall of the reservoir 5.
- the other walls of the reservoir 5 are rigid enough for pressure to be exerted on the liquid or the material 6 contained in the reservoir 5 uniformly induces on the surface of the material 2 in contact with element 6, mechanical forces external radials.
- the reservoir 5 can be made of a material such as the previously mentioned invar or the "Kovar".
- the pressure at the tank and therefore the resulting mechanical stretch are controlled by actuators such as for example a piston or an electromagnetic or piezoelectric device or thermal.
- the polymeric material is preferably a crosslinked elastomer because such an elastomer has the particularity of being deformed under the effect of constraint and return to its original form when the constraint ceases.
- an electrochemical material 2 is arranged in a tube 3 delimiting a confined space within the meaning of the invention.
- the electrochemical material 2 will then undergo a redox cycle. Under the effect of a potential electric, this material 2 will expand and increase by volume, causing the elongation of the fiber of the same way as previously described with reference to the first embodiment by heating.
- electrochemical material 2 is chosen in the group comprising conductive polymers, inorganic insertion compounds, compounds intercalating graphites, type compounds Fullerene.
- Inorganic insertion compounds are based on transition metal oxide compositions and ionic compounds such as lithium salt. When such a material combined with an electrolyte is subjected to an electrical potential, a phenomenon of of insertion / deinsertion induces a change in volume of said material. These materials are commonly used in the batteries.
- intercalating graphite compounds or the graphitic oxides, as well as type compounds Fullerene are also well suited for setting work of this third embodiment.
- a change in volume of said materials is also observed.
- the electrochemical material 2 is placed on the fiber 1 over a metallic layer, gold by example, constituting a first electrode 7. Said material 2 is confined in a metal tube 3 of which the inner wall is metallized with the same metal as the first electrode to form a second electrode 9.
- the tube 3 also contains an electrolyte suitable 8, such as an ion conductive material 8, under form of gel for example.
- An electrical potential is then applied between electrodes 7 and 9 and causes electrolysis of the electrochemical material 2 which expands and exerts pressure on the fiber 1.
- a regulation loop allows to control the stretch of fiber 1 due to the expansion of the material 2.
- the length of the fiber portion including the Bragg grating is typically a few tens of millimeters; however, it can be between 50 ⁇ m and several meters.
- Long tunability wave can be used to position the filter on one transmission channel or another, in depending on the wavelength to transmit or for position the filter on a channel or between two of way to make passing or not passing the device into which it is integrated.
- the spacing interchannel is 100, 50 or even 25 GHz, which corresponds to a wavelength spacing of 0.8, 0.4 or 0.2 nm.
- the thickness of the polymer material coated on the fiber varies between 60 ⁇ m and 5 mm.
- Stretching is limited by mechanical strength fiber.
- An acceptable limit value is about 0.5% when the fiber is silica.
- the stretch is about 0.1%.
- the polymer material is heated to a temperature around 80 ° C.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- les figures 1a et 1b représentent schématiquement un filtre optique selon deux modes de mise en oeuvre d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention pour lequel le matériau polymère est inséré dans un tube capillaire (fig1a) ou entouré de spires formant guipage (fig 1b) ;
- la figure 2 représente schématiquement un filtre optique un selon deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention pour lequel le matériau polymère est enfermé dans un réservoir ;
- la figure 3 représente schématiquement un filtre optique un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention pour lequel le matériau polymère subit un cycle d'oxydo-réduction.
Claims (21)
- Filtre accordable composé d'une fibre optique (1) comportant un réseau de Bragg sur une portion de ladite fibre (1), caractérisé en ce que ladite portion est revêtue d'un matériau (2) maintenu dans un espace confiné, ledit matériau (2) étant apte à exercer des pressions sur ledit réseau de Bragg de manière à comprimer radialement et à étirer longitudinalement ladite portion de fibre (1).
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pressions sont induites par chauffage du matériau (2) qui se dilate dans ledit espace confiné.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit espace confiné est délimité par un tube capillaire (3) peu dilatable sous l'effet de la chaleur.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit espace confiné est délimité par des spires (4) peu dilatables sous l'effet de la chaleur.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pressions sont induites par des forces mécaniques radiales externes appliquées sur la surface du matériau (2) maintenu dans ledit espace confiné.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 5,
caractérisé en ce que ledit espace confiné est délimité par un réservoir (5) entourant ladite portion de fibre et rempli d'un élément non compressible (6) apte à induire lesdites forces radiales sous l'effet d'une pression exercée sur ledit élément non compressible (6). - Filtre accordable selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément incompressible (6) est un fluide non compressible.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément incompressible (6) est un matériau thermiquement extensible.
- Filtre accordable selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (2) exerçant les pressions sur la portion de fibre à réseau de Bragg est un polymère de type élastomère réticulé.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élastomère réticulé est de type silicone.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pressions sont induites par oxydo-réduction du matériau (2) qui se dilate dans ledit espace confiné.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (2) est un matériau électrochimique choisi dans le groupe comprenant les polymères conducteurs, les composés d'insertion inorganiques, les composés graphites d'intercalation, les composés de type Fullerène.
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le matériau (2) est disposé entre une première électrode (7) et une deuxième électrode (9) et est associé à un électrolyte (8).
- Filtre accordable selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'électrolyte (8) est un matériau conducteur ionique de type gel.
- Procédé d'étirement d'une fibre optique composée d'un réseau de Bragg sur une portion de ladite fibre, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à exercer des pressions sur ledit réseau au moyen d'un matériau maintenu dans un espace confiné autour de ladite portion de fibre, de manière à étirer longitudinalement ledit matériau et ainsi étirer longitudinalement ladite portion de fibre.
- Procédé d'étirement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pressions sont exercées par dilatation dudit matériau.
- Procédé d'étirement selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que l'espace confiné est délimité par un tube capillaire peu dilatable sous l'effet de la chaleur et en ce que la dilatation dudit matériau polymère est induite par le chauffage dudit tube capillaire.
- Procédé d'étirement selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que l'espace confiné est délimité par un guipage peu dilatable sous l'effet de la chaleur et en ce que la dilatation dudit matériau polymère est induite par le chauffage dudit guipage.
- Procédé d'étirement selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que l'espace confiné est délimité par un tube métallique et en ce que la dilatation dudit matériau est induite par un cycle d'oxydo-réduction, un potentiel électrique étant appliqué entre deux électrodes entourant ledit matériau.
- Procédé d'étirement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pressions sont exercées par des forces mécaniques radiales appliquées sur la surface dudit matériau.
- Procédé d'étirement selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que l'espace confiné est délimité par un réservoir rempli d'un élément non compressible et en ce qu'il consiste à exercer une pression sur ledit élément non compressible de manière à induire lesdites forces mécaniques radiales sur la surface dudit matériau.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0112449A FR2830086B1 (fr) | 2001-09-27 | 2001-09-27 | Filtre accordable compose d'une fibre optique et procede correspondant |
| FR0112449 | 2001-09-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1298469A2 true EP1298469A2 (fr) | 2003-04-02 |
| EP1298469A3 EP1298469A3 (fr) | 2003-07-23 |
Family
ID=8867674
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02292367A Withdrawn EP1298469A3 (fr) | 2001-09-27 | 2002-09-26 | Filtre accordable composé d'une fibre optique avec un réseau de Bragg |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7085439B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1298469A3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2830086B1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1435540A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-03 | 2004-07-07 | Alcatel | Dispositif optique à indice de réfraction variable comprenant un conducteur d'ions |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8805136B2 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2014-08-12 | Photonics On-Fiber Devices, Inc. | On-fiber tunable Bragg gratings for DWDM applications |
| US20090155510A1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-06-18 | Hui-Mei Chen | Pad Structure |
| JP2011518126A (ja) * | 2008-03-25 | 2011-06-23 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ミシガン | IKKi阻害剤の処置方法およびスクリーニング方法、ならびに関連するIKKi診断方法 |
| US8488935B2 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2013-07-16 | Time Warner Cable Enterprises Llc | Fiber to the premise service disconnect via macro-bending loss |
| ES2659763T3 (es) | 2011-02-14 | 2018-03-19 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Composiciones y procedimientos para el tratamiento de obesidad y trastornos relacionados |
| EP2991647B1 (fr) | 2013-05-02 | 2019-04-24 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Amléxanox deutéré avec une stabilité métabolique améliorée |
| EP3407974A4 (fr) | 2016-01-29 | 2019-08-28 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Analogues d'amlexanox |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4915467A (en) * | 1988-09-12 | 1990-04-10 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making fiber coupler having integral precision connection wells |
| US5007705A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-04-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Variable optical fiber Bragg filter arrangement |
| US5912910A (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 1999-06-15 | Sdl, Inc. | High power pumped mid-IR wavelength systems using nonlinear frequency mixing (NFM) devices |
| US5745626A (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1998-04-28 | Jds Fitel Inc. | Method for and encapsulation of an optical fiber |
| US5995697A (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-11-30 | Northern Telecom Limited | Partially coated grating optical fibre, method of producing same and fibre telecommunications system |
| US6256428B1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2001-07-03 | Corning Incorporated | Cascading of tunable optical filter elements |
| US6301408B1 (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2001-10-09 | Lucent Technologies Inc | Tapered optical fiber grating devices with variable index coatings for modifying guide properties of the fundamental mode |
| US6792009B2 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2004-09-14 | Cidra Corporation | Tunable grating-based channel filter parking device |
| US6519388B1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2003-02-11 | Cidra Corporation | Tube-encased fiber grating |
| US6278811B1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2001-08-21 | Arthur D. Hay | Fiber optic bragg grating pressure sensor |
| CA2372905A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-11-23 | Gang Chen | Filtre reglable en amplitude |
| FR2795528B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-22 | 2002-07-26 | Highwave Optical Tech | Procede de stabilisation et d'accordabilite de la longueur d'onde de reseaux de bragg |
-
2001
- 2001-09-27 FR FR0112449A patent/FR2830086B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-26 US US10/254,656 patent/US7085439B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-26 EP EP02292367A patent/EP1298469A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1435540A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-03 | 2004-07-07 | Alcatel | Dispositif optique à indice de réfraction variable comprenant un conducteur d'ions |
| FR2849700A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-03 | 2004-07-09 | Cit Alcatel | Dispositif optique a indice de refraction variable |
| US6980719B2 (en) | 2003-01-03 | 2005-12-27 | Alcatel | Optical device of variable refractive index |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2830086B1 (fr) | 2004-08-27 |
| FR2830086A1 (fr) | 2003-03-28 |
| EP1298469A3 (fr) | 2003-07-23 |
| US7085439B2 (en) | 2006-08-01 |
| US20030059149A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
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