EP1292932B1 - Device for detecting magnetically marked paper and marked paper detectable by said device - Google Patents

Device for detecting magnetically marked paper and marked paper detectable by said device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1292932B1
EP1292932B1 EP01947524A EP01947524A EP1292932B1 EP 1292932 B1 EP1292932 B1 EP 1292932B1 EP 01947524 A EP01947524 A EP 01947524A EP 01947524 A EP01947524 A EP 01947524A EP 1292932 B1 EP1292932 B1 EP 1292932B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
filaments
magnetic
marked paper
document
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01947524A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1292932A1 (en
Inventor
Olivier Acher
Marc Ledieu
Jean-Claude Joubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2405—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used
    • G08B13/2408—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting characterised by the tag technology used using ferromagnetic tags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2428—Tag details
    • G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
    • G08B13/2445—Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
    • G08B13/2468—Antenna in system and the related signal processing
    • G08B13/2474—Antenna or antenna activator geometry, arrangement or layout
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
    • G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
    • G08B13/2482—EAS methods, e.g. description of flow chart of the detection procedure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a document marked paper and the process of document manufacturing of marked paper associated.
  • Another risk of disclosure of information is the negligence of the staff who can use the means of reproduction available in his environment (photocopiers, scanners-, fax, etc.) to reproduce non confidential documents listed in the records kept by the company, and on which there is, in fact, no control.
  • an anti-photocopy paper is a paper containing either diffraction patterns (see US Patent 5,830,609), either luminescent pigments (see patent U.S. 5,271,645).
  • the anti-photocopy paper characteristic of preventing photocopying of documents at using photocopiers or type scanners standard. It has the disadvantage of not allow reproduction even in a context of control.
  • EAS systems EAS for Electronic Article Surveillance
  • EAS systems are mainly intended to prevent theft of goods in the shops or books in the libraries (see US Patents 4,075,618 and U.S. 3,665,449).
  • European Patent Application EP 0 295 028 discloses a magnetic article comprising a sheet of paper on which is placed a polymer substrate coated with amorphous ferromagnetic filaments sheathed of glass.
  • US Patent 5,717,381 discloses a system of copyright protection by element detection magnetic on documents and photos.
  • the invention does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the paper document marked according to the invention is preferentially in the form of a sheet of paper.
  • a device for detecting paper document marked according to the invention authorizes the reproduction of documents by means of standard photocopies.
  • the possibility left to the user to photocopy - subject to conditions - the documents using standard photocopying facilities very advantageously distinguishes the invention of the art previous mentioned above. Indeed, it is Frequently useful, for reasons of service, not to photocopy all or part of a document extract extracts, transparencies for rear projection, etc.
  • the means allow reproduction of the marked paper document according to the invention can then be managed in result.
  • the number of reproductions of the document can be strictly controlled. So he is possible to keep track of the number of photocopies performed. More generally, an effective policy classification and reproduction of Classified documents can be put in place.
  • a document reproduction system allows the organization of the company to put in place procedures for reproduction and traceability of classified documents that are effective in extent that the reproduction of classified documents does not can not be done by evading procedures.
  • a document detection device of marked paper according to the invention is significantly different from the EAS type anti-theft systems mentioned above. Indeed, a system of detection of paper document marked according to the invention opposes on all the points listed above to anti-theft systems EAS type. For example, according to the invention, it is necessary to detect quantities of matter magnetic much smaller than the quantities of magnetic matter usually detected for make an EAS type marker.
  • the invention also makes it possible to authenticate the originality of certain documents such as official documents, and to distinguish them from documents falsified or reproduced by photocopying, even with sophisticated means.
  • the paper marking process according to the invention has the advantage of ensuring a distribution of the marker over the entire surface of the document and to be almost invisible. Otherwise, the marking remains advantageously present throughout of the document's life, even if, for example, the latter is crumpled.
  • the secure paper according to the invention can also produce, by cutting, labels of various forms intended to be affixed to objects for authentication purposes.
  • Detection of soft magnetic inclusions marked paper is done using the nonlinear characteristic of the field response applied - magnetization (magnetic hysteresis cycle). This non-linearity can be exploited through the harmonic generation of the response to an excitation sinusoidal, or through the detection of jumps said to Barkhausen characterizing the abrupt shift of the magnetization.
  • Magnetic excitation must essentially allow at least 1 ⁇ 2 cycle of hysteresis magnetic. So you have to generate a field going from one saturated state to the opposite one.
  • Information processing can be realized thanks to a circuit using electronics analog. We then use filters that extract the useful signal from the signals captured by the detection system. An electronics digital technology can also be used to signals. Spectral processing (transformation of Fourier) allows you to extract the harmonics interesting.
  • Figures 1 and 3 show two examples excitation configuration of the magnetic material soft placed in the marked paper.
  • Figure 2 represents the variation over time of the excitation magnetic, at a marked point of the paper, which corresponds to the configuration of Figure 1 and the Figure 4 represents the variation over time of the magnetic excitation, at a point of the marked paper, which corresponds to the configuration of Figure 3.
  • FIG. a set of three permanent magnets in the form three magnetic bars A1, A2, A3 section rectangular mounted in opposition.
  • the axis defined by the north and south poles of each of the bars is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the sheet of marked paper (not shown in the figure).
  • the section of the magnetized bars is substantially rectangular.
  • the three bars magnets A1, A2, A3 are mounted on a cylinder head Magnetic CM that allows the field lines to close in order to limit their extension in useful areas.
  • the width L of the bars according to the direction perpendicular to the axis defined by the poles is substantially equal to the width of a sheet of marked paper.
  • the configuration of Figure 3 includes a magnet permanent in the form of a magnetic bar A4 of substantially rectangular section.
  • the axis defined by the north and south poles of the A4 bar is substantially parallel to the plane of the marked piece of paper.
  • the bar A4 is mounted on a magnetic cylinder head CM.
  • the width L of the bars is also substantially equal to the width of a marked sheet of paper.
  • A4 bar participates in magnetic excitation.
  • Several bars may also participate in magnetic excitation.
  • the bars are then placed parallel to each other on the CM cylinder head.
  • the north poles of the different bars are then all positioned on the same first side and the south poles on the same second side opposite to the first side.
  • permanent magnets can be arranged in different ways. We will have to to focus on creating over time, for a zone of scanned document, variable magnetic excitation to tilt the magnetization of soft magnetic inclusions of the marked paper. At this end, the magnetized bars are moved according to a direction parallel to the document plane (direction AA ' in Figures 1 and 3).
  • the maximum value Hmax of the magnetic field H produced when moving the magnetic bars must be very greater than the value of the field of anisotropy of the magnetic materials put into play and also low enough not to disturb the nominal operation of the reproduction device original (photocopiers magnetic toner, spectrum of the neon-type lamp scanners, ).
  • the magnetic cylinder head CM allows, for this purpose, to close the field lines and to prevent their extension into non-useful areas.
  • the configuration shown in Figure 1 creates alternatively positive and negative excitation (see Figure 2).
  • the configuration shown in figure 3 creates a gradient of the magnetic field: the principle in this case, based on the finding that the Magnetic inclusions present in the paper are isotropically dispersed and their condition magnetization is arbitrary at a given moment. The positioning of magnets of different orientations perpendicular to the scanning direction prevents hacking too easy device.
  • Figure 5 shows a coil configuration excitation.
  • Figure 6 shows a refinement of the configuration represented in figure 5.
  • An excitement coil Be traversed by a alternating excitation current ie can generate a Magnetic field of sinusoidal amplitude.
  • Frequency excitation current ie allows the excitation of magnetic inclusions.
  • the frequency of the excitation current can be equal to 1 kHz. Excitation frequencies too low (for example around 50Hz) are preferentially discarded in order to avoid pollution by power supplies and their harmonics.
  • the amplitude of the excitation current is adjusted to allow saturation of the material at each period, with, preferentially, a margin of security corresponding to a static magnetic field disruptive exterior.
  • Bd detection coils also concerns well the case where magnetic excitation is performed at using excitation coils (see Figures 5 and 6) that the case where the magnetic excitation is carried out by permanent magnets (see Figures 1 and 3).
  • Permanent magnets are moved next to the marked paper document that remains fixed.
  • the detection coils can move in solidarity permanent magnets to be fixed. In this last case, it is then possible, for example, to use a or several fixed coils that embrace a single blow the entire reproductive surface of the reproductive apparatus. We can then wind the or the sensing coils around the middle pane of reproduction.
  • a coil of compensation Bc then allows to eliminate the component of signal related to the variation of magnetic field generated by the excitation means (see Figure 6).
  • FIG. 7 shows an application of paper detection device marked according to the invention to a document reproduction apparatus.
  • the document reproduction apparatus may be, for example, a photocopier, a scanner, a fax, etc.
  • FIG. 7 shows a box K, a box M structure of maintaining the light source 1 which illuminate the document and an arm b to move the M support structure in the box K.
  • holding structure M also comprises coils Bei excitation and Bdi detection coils.
  • the detection head part of the detection device is here in solidarity with the structure M which maintains the source of light, which advantageously makes it possible to ensure sweeping the entire breeding area and place the sensor head very close to the document original.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show two examples secure paper documents according to the invention.
  • the Figure 8 shows the case where the filaments ferromagnets are distributed isotropically on the sheet of paper and figure 9 represents the case where the filaments are substantially aligned in a same direction.
  • the filaments ferromagnetic have a saturation field of value substantially less than or equal to 300 A / m.
  • the secure paper document according to the invention consists of a sheet of paper P in which are embedded, on the surface, ferromagnetic filaments amorphous sheathed glass F.
  • the filaments Ferromagnetic F are incorporated in the layer superficial paper at the time of the operation of sleeping.
  • the filaments are then dispersed in the colloidal aqueous suspension spread on the surface of the fibrous cellulosic support (coated paper).
  • Ferromagnetic filaments sheathed with glass can be produced by drawing a metal core melted content in a borosilicate glass tube as described in the referenced document "Ferromagnetic resonance in amorphous magnetic wires "by S.A. Baranov et al (Phys Met Metall., No. 1. vol 67, p 70-75, 1989). They can have one of the compositions following: CoFeSiB, or CoSiB, or FeSiB, with a proportion of Si + B substantially greater than 18% and substantially less than 35% so as to obtain a amorphous material, and more than 40% Co and Fe.
  • CoFeSiB CoSiB
  • FeSiB CoSiB
  • Si + B substantially greater than 18% and substantially less than 35% so as to obtain a amorphous material, and more than 40% Co and Fe.
  • We can add to these main constituents of elements such as: Ni (for example from 0 to 20%), Mo, Zr, Ge, Cr, Mn
  • Ferromagnetic filaments may be positive magnetostriction, in which case they present an important Barkhausen jump, or to negative magnetostriction, in which case they do not show no jump from Barkhausen.
  • the properties of such materials, depending on their composition, are well known as described in the referenced document "Magnetic hysteresis in glass-covered and water-quenched amorphous wires "by H. Chiriac, T. A. Ovari, M. Vasquez and A. Hernando (Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Marerials 177-171, 1998, p 205 and 206).
  • the magnetization filaments with a jump from Barkhausen suddenly reverses twice a period in producing easily detectable flow variation by an antenna (coil of detection) located at proximity of the means creating the field of excitation.
  • the applied field must be greater than saturation field of the filaments.
  • the coil of detection can detect a flow pulse. This is due to the bistable character of the magnetization resulting from the magnetic characteristics of the alloy and magnetostriction actions produced by the sheath.
  • Filaments with negative magnetostriction do not presenting no jump from Barkhausen but having a saturation field less than a few hundred of A / m, also create harmonics in the same conditions. This is due to the fact that their magnetization varies non-linearly with time.
  • the preferred optimum length of filaments is close to 10 mm. It can also be of the order of 7 mm, without the modification of the anisotropy of form nor the effects of magnetostriction do not significantly modify the conditions of reversal of the magnetization and, hence the magnitude of the signal that remains essentially proportional to the amount of material incorporated in the paper.
  • the maximum total diameter of the bi-material filaments composite is usually less than 20 which makes it possible to fix the thickness of the latex polymer coating between 30 and 40 ⁇ m after drying, resulting in a total thickness of the paper (cellulosic support + coating of coating) of minus 80 ⁇ m. No upper limit is however imposed on the thickness of the secured paper sheet.
  • the small total diameter of the filaments allows the incorporation of these into the aqueous suspension colloidal latex polymer spread on the support cellulosic paper during the coating operation.
  • the concentration of ferromagnetic material in the secure paper must be substantially greater than 1 mg / m 2 .
  • the incorporation and dispersion of the filaments in the coating slip, which also contains white pigments and other additives in addition to the latex colloids, is effected by intensive stirring using, for example, Knife mixer.
  • the filaments, of high mechanical strength and particularly flexible, are advantageously not damaged by the brewing operation.
  • the sheath allows a good wetting of the surface of the filaments by the aqueous colloidal suspension, and the slip thus obtained is very homogeneous, without lumps, with a relatively low viscosity state and whose characteristics may remain stable during storage (for example, storage for a few hours at room temperature).
  • the coating is carried out by a Blade method, followed by pre-drying and possibly calendering. Because of the presence of the glass sheath, the metal fibers do not undergo significant corrosion in the liquid in suspension. It should be noted that when the fiber concentration does not exceed 80 mg / m 2 and the dispersion in the coating slip has been suitably carried out, the filaments are substantially elongated in the thickness of the layer. The presence of fibers in the added layer is then difficult to detect with the naked eye, to the point that the secure paper advantageously retains an appearance very close to the appearance of a non-secure paper, which aspect can be reinforced by the addition of a layer without filaments, for example of thickness 2 to 3 ⁇ m, covering the layer which contains the filaments.
  • the mechanical conditions sleeping paper at scroll speeds high levels result in a certain degree of alignment of filaments under the effect of viscosity forces within slip (see Figure 9).
  • the detection of such paper depends on the orientation according to which are introduced the sheets with respect to the detector, and, in the favorable case, the signal is significantly strengthened.
  • the filaments can cross without changing the properties of all. It should be noted that the phenomenon orientation does not occur for fibers short (for example between 5 to 8 mm long), the orientation is then statistical (see Figure 8).
  • the secure paper according to the invention can placed in the transceiver of a machine photocopy according to any type of format.
  • the presence of glass-wrapped metal filaments does not prevent the printing of characters on the paper. It is therefore easy to produce documents that need to be considered sensitive and non-disclosable.
  • the filaments are made by a known method derived from the Taylor process and which involves inductively heating a certain amount of metal introduced into a closed borosilicate glass tube. A filament is initiated and wrapped around a winder.
  • the glass used is a borosilicate glass Pyrex type, whose melting temperature is close to 600 ° C.
  • the metal alloy is of CoMnSiB type and contains an atomic proportion of Cobalt of between 75 and 80%.
  • the filaments are negative magnetostrictive and have an anisotropy field of 1 Oe, ie 80 A / m.
  • the filaments are cut to a length of 7mm and dispersed in the sleeping slip.
  • the concentration of filaments is greater than 5 g / m 2 . This preparation can be put on one of the faces or on both sides of the sheet of paper. At this concentration, the filaments are advantageously invisible when the thickness of the coating is between 30 and 40 ⁇ m. Writing or printing on paper is not hindered by the presence of the filaments.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram process of reproducing paper document according to the invention.
  • the method comprises a step 1 of insertion of the original document in the reproduction device followed by a step 2 of detecting the presence of paper Mark.
  • a detection device detects the presence or absence of marked paper.
  • the function of reproduction is inhibited (step 4).
  • the generation of a alarm or any other means of visualization and / or counting can also be integrated into the device detection to indicate the presence of marked paper.
  • the inhibition function can be canceled by a specific device leading to a reproduction authorization of the document (step 3).
  • the reproduction apparatus includes a detection device that is added to a existing reproduction device.
  • food added device can be done either autonomously using a resource of its own the means of reproduction.
  • device power by battery is not a problem.
  • the reproduction authorization despite the presence of a marked paper, can be done by any means that meets the organizational requirements of the industry or organization that uses the marked paper subject of the invention.
  • This authorization may be coded or not coded to the device of control. It is clear that in cases where this authorization is not used, the device added may be deprived of any entry allowing access to any authorization function (limitation of risks of piracy or deliberate diversion of authorization function).
  • the detection device for detecting the potential presence of a marked paper ensures a detection on the entire breeding surface and this even if there is a decrease in the surface of the paper to analyze (case of cutting a document confidential in an attempt to reproduce the document despite the marking).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a marked paper document and a marked paper document detection device. The device comprises excitation means (A1, A2, A3) for varying the magnetization of glass-covered amorphous ferromagnetic filaments contained in the marked paper document with time, and means for detecting a variation in the magnetization of the ferromagnetic filaments. The invention is applicable to checking reproduction of documents and authentication of documents.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE ET ART ANTERIEURTECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART

La présente invention concerne un document de papier marqué et le procédé de fabrication de document de papier marqué associé.The present invention relates to a document marked paper and the process of document manufacturing of marked paper associated.

La protection des informations sensibles est un souci de grande importance dans les entreprises et dans les organismes publics ou privés. Le risque de divulgation d'une information peut résulter d'actes de malveillance organisés. Dans ce cas, la panoplie des moyens disponibles (appareils photos, moyens de contournement des dispositifs de surveillance, etc.) ne permet d'éviter les actes de malveillance que par une habilitation des personnels en contact avec les informations sensibles.The protection of sensitive information is a concern of great importance in companies and in public or private bodies. The risk of disclosure of information may result from acts of malice organized. In this case, the panoply of available means (cameras, means of circumvention of monitoring devices, etc.) prevents malicious acts empowerment of staff in contact with sensitive information.

Un autre risque de divulgation de l'information est la négligence du personnel qui peut utiliser les moyens de reproduction disponibles dans son environnement (photocopieuses, scanners-, fax, etc.) pour reproduire des documents confidentiels non répertoriés dans les registres tenus par la société, et sur lesquels il n'existe, de fait, aucun contrôle.Another risk of disclosure of information is the negligence of the staff who can use the means of reproduction available in his environment (photocopiers, scanners-, fax, etc.) to reproduce non confidential documents listed in the records kept by the company, and on which there is, in fact, no control.

En général, des règles de conservation, de communication et de reproduction sont édictées pour les documents confidentiels originaux. Les documents issus d'une reproduction pirate totale ou partielle d'un document confidentiel original sont susceptibles d'être traités avec négligence.In general, rules of conservation, communication and reproduction are enacted for the original confidential documents. Documents from of a total or partial pirate reproduction of a original confidential document are likely to be treated with negligence.

Selon l'art connu, la reproduction de documents confidentiels est interdite grâce à l'utilisation de papier communément appelé « papier anti-photocopie ». Un papier anti-photocopie est un papier contenant soit des figures de diffraction (cf. brevet US 5 830 609), soit des pigments luminescents (cf. brevet US-5 271 645). Le papier anti-photocopie a pour caractéristique d'empêcher la photocopie de documents à l'aide de photocopieurs ou de scanners de type standard. Il présente l'inconvénient de ne pas permettre la reproduction, même dans un contexte de contrôle.According to the known art, the reproduction of documents confidentiality is prohibited through the use of paper commonly referred to as "anti-photocopying paper". An anti-photocopy paper is a paper containing either diffraction patterns (see US Patent 5,830,609), either luminescent pigments (see patent U.S. 5,271,645). The anti-photocopy paper characteristic of preventing photocopying of documents at using photocopiers or type scanners standard. It has the disadvantage of not allow reproduction even in a context of control.

Il est également connu différents moyens de marquage de papier destinés à assurer l'authenticité d'un document. Parmi ces moyens, le marquage avec des pigments magnétiques est utilisé (cf. brevet US-5 631 039). Les pigments magnétiques sont du type de ceux que l'on trouve pour l'enregistrement magnétique. La détection des pigments n'est possible qu'avec un capteur magnétique placé à très grande proximité (typiquement, les distances entre capteur et pigments sont inférieures à 1mm). Le but est principalement d'éviter que l'on puisse ajouter à un document imité des caractéristiques qui le fassent prendre pour un document authentique.It is also known different ways of paper markings intended to ensure authenticity of a document. Among these means, the marking with magnetic pigments is used (see patent U.S. 5,331,039). Magnetic pigments are of the type of those found for magnetic recording. Pigment detection is only possible with a magnetic sensor placed very close (typically, the distances between sensor and pigments are less than 1mm). The goal is mainly to avoid being able to add to an imitated document characteristics that make him take for a authentic document.

Des rubans magnétiques minces ou des fils ferromagnétiques présentant un effet Barkhausen sont également utilisés à des fins de marquage (cf. brevet US-520 456). L'utilisation de rubans magnétiques minces et de fils ferromagnétiques a largement été mise en oeuvre dans les systèmes de surveillance anti-vol communément appelés systèmes EAS (EAS pour Electronic Article Surveillance). Les systèmes EAS sont principalement destinés à prévenir le vol de marchandises dans les magasins ou de livres dans les bibliothèques (cf. brevets US-4 075 618 et US-3 665 449).Thin magnetic tapes or wires Ferromagnets with a Barkhausen effect are also used for marking purposes (see patent US-520,456). The use of thin magnetic tapes and ferromagnetic wires has largely been put into works in anti-theft surveillance systems commonly referred to as EAS systems (EAS for Electronic Article Surveillance). EAS systems are mainly intended to prevent theft of goods in the shops or books in the libraries (see US Patents 4,075,618 and U.S. 3,665,449).

Les systèmes de détection de marqueurs magnétiques pour la surveillance anti-vol possèdent un certain nombre de caractéristiques implicites ou explicites, (cf., entre autres, la demande de brevet internationale WO-99/30384 et le brevet US-5 793 289) indiquées ci-après:

  • le système d'interrogation/détection, constitué d'antennes, est fixe, et l'objectif est de détecter un objet mobile,
  • l'interrogation se fait à l'aide d'antennes de type bobines comportant, éventuellement, un matériau doux qui sert de pôle ou de culasse, mais n'est pas réalisée avec un système d'aimants permanents,
  • la zone d'interrogation correspond à un volume relativement important,
  • on peut disposer des antennes de part et d'autres de la zone d'interrogation,
  • l'orientation magnétique du marqueur peut être quelconque,
  • la sélectivité doit être importante, de façon à éviter que des masses métalliques ou magnétiques quelconques, correspondant aux achats réalisés par les clients des magasins protégés par l'EAS, n'engendrent une détection de vol,
  • les contraintes de masses et de consommation électrique des antennes ne sont pas importantes.
Magnetic marker detection systems for anti-theft surveillance have a number of implicit or explicit characteristics (see, inter alia, International Patent Application WO-99/30384 and US Patent No. 5,793,289) indicated. below:
  • the interrogation / detection system, consisting of antennas, is fixed, and the objective is to detect a moving object,
  • the interrogation is done using coil type antennas possibly comprising a soft material which serves as a pole or breech, but is not carried out with a permanent magnet system,
  • the interrogation zone corresponds to a relatively large volume,
  • we can have antennas on both sides of the interrogation zone,
  • the magnetic orientation of the marker can be arbitrary,
  • the selectivity must be important, so as to avoid that any metal or magnetic masses, corresponding to the purchases made by the customers of the stores protected by the EAS, engender a detection of theft,
  • the constraints of masses and electrical consumption of the antennas are not important.

La demande de brevet européen EP 0 295 028 divulgue un article magnétique comprenant une feuille de papier sur laquelle est placé un substrat polymère recouvert de filaments ferromagnétiques amorphes gainés de verre.European Patent Application EP 0 295 028 discloses a magnetic article comprising a sheet of paper on which is placed a polymer substrate coated with amorphous ferromagnetic filaments sheathed of glass.

Le brevet US 5 717 381 divulgue un système de protection de copyright par détection d'éléments magnétiques sur des documents et des photos.US Patent 5,717,381 discloses a system of copyright protection by element detection magnetic on documents and photos.

L'invention ne présente pas les inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus.The invention does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

En effet, l'invention concerne un document de papier marqué comprenant une couche de polymère contenant des filaments ferromagnétiques amorphes gainés de verre, caractérisé en ce que les filaments ferromagnétiques amorphes gainés de verre sont incorporés et dispersés par brassage dans la couche de polymère.

  • L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication de document de panier marqué comprenant une couche de polymère contenant des filaments ferromagnétiques amorphes gainés de verre, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape durant laquelle les filaments ferromagnétiques amorphes gainés de verre sont incorporés et dispersés par brassage dans la couche de polymère.
In fact, the invention relates to a marked paper document comprising a polymer layer containing amorphous ferromagnetic filaments sheathed with glass, characterized in that the amorphous glass-sheathed ferromagnetic filaments are incorporated and dispersed by stirring in the polymer layer.
  • The invention also relates to a method for producing a marked basket document comprising a polymer layer containing amorphous ferromagnetic filaments sheathed in glass, characterized in that it comprises a step during which the amorphous ferromagnetic glass-sheathed filaments are incorporated and dispersed by stirring in the polymer layer.

Le document de papier marqué selon l'invention se présente préférentiellement sous la forme d'une feuille de papier.The paper document marked according to the invention is preferentially in the form of a sheet of paper.

Avantageusement, un dispositif de détection de document de papier marqué selon l'invention autorise la reproduction de documents à l'aide de moyens de photocopie standards. La possibilité laissée à l'utilisateur de photocopier - sous conditions - les documents à l'aide de moyens de photocopie standards distingue très avantageusement l'invention de l'art antérieur mentionné ci-dessus. En effet, il est fréquemment utile, pour des raisons de service, de ne photocopier tout ou partie d'un document que pour en tirer des extraits, des transparents pour rétroprojection, etc. Avantageusement, les moyens qui autorisent la reproduction du document de papier marqué selon l'invention peuvent alors être gérés en conséquence. Le nombre de reproductions du document peut ainsi être strictement contrôlé. Il est alors possible de garder la trace du nombre de photocopies effectuées. Plus généralement, une politique efficace en matière de classement et de reproduction de documents classifiés peut être mise en place.Advantageously, a device for detecting paper document marked according to the invention authorizes the reproduction of documents by means of standard photocopies. The possibility left to the user to photocopy - subject to conditions - the documents using standard photocopying facilities very advantageously distinguishes the invention of the art previous mentioned above. Indeed, it is Frequently useful, for reasons of service, not to photocopy all or part of a document extract extracts, transparencies for rear projection, etc. Advantageously, the means allow reproduction of the marked paper document according to the invention can then be managed in result. The number of reproductions of the document can be strictly controlled. So he is possible to keep track of the number of photocopies performed. More generally, an effective policy classification and reproduction of Classified documents can be put in place.

La reproduction du document classifié par d'autres moyens que ceux autorisés (par exemple, la reproduction par photographie) nécessite de commettre un acte prémédité qui ne peut alors pas être qualifié de négligence. Il est également possible de sortir le ou les documents classifiés de l'entreprise, pour le ou les reproduire avec des moyens conventionnels, mais, là encore, cela implique un niveau de faute élevé, qui ne peut être qualifié de négligence.Reproduction of the classified document by other means than those allowed (eg reproduction by photography) requires committing a premeditated act that can not then be qualified negligence. It is also possible to leave the or the classified documents of the company, for the reproduce them by conventional means, but there again, this implies a high level of fault, which does not can be characterized as negligence.

Un système de reproduction de documents selon l'invention permet à l'organisation de l'entreprise de mettre en place des procédures de reproduction et de traçabilité des documents classifiés efficaces dans la mesure où la reproduction de documents classifiés ne peut pas se faire en se soustrayant aux procédures.A document reproduction system according to the invention allows the organization of the company to put in place procedures for reproduction and traceability of classified documents that are effective in extent that the reproduction of classified documents does not can not be done by evading procedures.

Un dispositif de détection de document de papier marqué selon l'invention est significativement différent des systèmes anti-vol de type EAS mentionnés ci-dessus. En effet, un système de détection de document de papier marqué selon l'invention s'oppose sur tous les points listés ci-dessus aux systèmes anti-vol de type EAS. Par exemple, selon l'invention, il est nécessaire de détecter des quantités de matière magnétique beaucoup moins importantes que les quantités de matière magnétique habituellement détectées pour réaliser un marqueur de type EAS.A document detection device of marked paper according to the invention is significantly different from the EAS type anti-theft systems mentioned above. Indeed, a system of detection of paper document marked according to the invention opposes on all the points listed above to anti-theft systems EAS type. For example, according to the invention, it is necessary to detect quantities of matter magnetic much smaller than the quantities of magnetic matter usually detected for make an EAS type marker.

L'invention permet également d'authentifier l'originalité de certains documents tels que les documents officiels, et de les distinguer de documents falsifiés ou reproduits par photocopie, même avec des moyens sophistiqués. Le procédé de marquage de papier selon l'invention présente l'avantage d'assurer une répartition du marqueur sur toute la surface du document et d'être quasiment invisible. Par ailleurs, le marquage reste avantageusement présent tout au long de la vie du document, même si, par exemple, ce dernier est froissé. Le papier sécurisé selon l'invention peut également produire, par découpage, des étiquettes de formes diverses destinées à être apposées sur des objets à fin d'authentification.The invention also makes it possible to authenticate the originality of certain documents such as official documents, and to distinguish them from documents falsified or reproduced by photocopying, even with sophisticated means. The paper marking process according to the invention has the advantage of ensuring a distribution of the marker over the entire surface of the document and to be almost invisible. Otherwise, the marking remains advantageously present throughout of the document's life, even if, for example, the latter is crumpled. The secure paper according to the invention can also produce, by cutting, labels of various forms intended to be affixed to objects for authentication purposes.

Il est ainsi possible, selon l'invention, de détecter des surfaces de papier de dimensions inférieures, voire très inférieures, à la taille standard d'une feuille de papier au format A4 (format A4 = 210 x 300 mm2) de façon que la découpe d'une portion de document classifié ne permette pas sa reproduction.It is thus possible, according to the invention, to detect paper surfaces of dimensions smaller or even much smaller than the standard size of a sheet of paper in A4 format (A4 format = 210 × 300 mm 2 ) so that the cutting of a portion of classified document does not allow its reproduction.

La détection des inclusions magnétiques douces du papier marqué se fait en utilisant la caractéristique non linéaire de la réponse champ appliqué - aimantation (cycle d'hystérésis magnétique). Cette non linéarité peut être exploitée à travers la génération d'harmoniques de la réponse à une excitation sinusoïdale, ou grâce à la détection des sauts dit de Barkhausen caractérisant le basculement brusque de l'aimantation.Detection of soft magnetic inclusions marked paper is done using the nonlinear characteristic of the field response applied - magnetization (magnetic hysteresis cycle). This non-linearity can be exploited through the harmonic generation of the response to an excitation sinusoidal, or through the detection of jumps said to Barkhausen characterizing the abrupt shift of the magnetization.

L'excitation magnétique doit essentiellement permettre le parcours d'au moins ½ cycle d'hystérésis magnétique. Il faut donc générer un champ passant d'un état saturé à celui opposé.Magnetic excitation must essentially allow at least ½ cycle of hysteresis magnetic. So you have to generate a field going from one saturated state to the opposite one.

Il est clair que compte tenu du relativement faible volume de matériau doux inclus dans le papier, le système de détection doit présenter une grande sensibilité. Pour s'affranchir des bruits électromagnétiques extérieurs, un dispositif différentiel peut être une solution avantageuse.It is clear that given the relatively low volume of soft material included in the paper, the detection system must present a great sensitivity. To get rid of noises external electromagnetic devices, a device differential can be an advantageous solution.

Le traitement de l'information peut être réalisé grâce à un circuit utilisant une électronique analogique. On fait alors appel à des filtres qui permettent d'extraire le signal utile des signaux captés par le système de détection. Une électronique numérique peut également être utilisée pour traiter les signaux. Un traitement spectral (transformée de Fourier) permet d'extraire les harmoniques intéressantes. Information processing can be realized thanks to a circuit using electronics analog. We then use filters that extract the useful signal from the signals captured by the detection system. An electronics digital technology can also be used to signals. Spectral processing (transformation of Fourier) allows you to extract the harmonics interesting.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention décrit en référence aux figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente un premier exemple de configuration à aimants permanents pour l'obtention d'une excitation magnétique ;
  • la figure 2 représente l'excitation magnétique obtenue à l'aide d'une configuration selon la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 représente un deuxième exemple de configuration à aimant permanent pour l'obtention d'une excitation magnétique ;
  • la figure 4 représente l'excitation magnétique obtenue à l'aide d'une configuration selon la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 représente une configuration de dispositif de détection de document de papier marqué selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 représente un perfectionnement de la configuration représentée en figure 5 ;
  • la figure 7 représente une application du dispositif de détection de document de papier marqué selon l'invention à un appareil de reproduction de documents ;
  • la figure 8 représente un premier exemple de document de papier marqué selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 9 représente un deuxième exemple de document de papier marqué selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 10 représente un schéma de principe de procédé de reproduction de document de papier selon l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading a preferred embodiment of the invention described with reference to the appended figures among which:
  • FIG. 1 represents a first example of a configuration with permanent magnets for obtaining a magnetic excitation;
  • FIG. 2 represents the magnetic excitation obtained using a configuration according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 represents a second example of a permanent magnet configuration for obtaining a magnetic excitation;
  • FIG. 4 represents the magnetic excitation obtained using a configuration according to FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 5 shows a paper document detection device configuration labeled according to the invention;
  • Figure 6 shows an improvement of the configuration shown in Figure 5;
  • Fig. 7 shows an application of the paper document detection device marked according to the invention to a document reproduction apparatus;
  • FIG. 8 represents a first example of a paper document marked according to the invention;
  • FIG. 9 represents a second example of a paper document marked according to the invention;
  • Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a paper document reproduction method according to the invention.

Sur toutes les figures, les mêmes références désignent les mêmes éléments.In all the figures, the same references designate the same elements.

DESCRIPTION DE MODES DE REALISATION PREFERES DE L'INVENTIONDESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Les figures 1 et 3 représentent deux exemples de configuration d'excitation du matériau magnétique doux placé dans le papier marqué. La figure 2 représente la variation dans le temps de l'excitation magnétique, en un point du papier marqué, qui correspond à la configuration de la figure 1 et la figure 4 représente la variation dans le temps de l'excitation magnétique, en un point du papier marqué, qui correspond à la configuration de la figure 3.Figures 1 and 3 show two examples excitation configuration of the magnetic material soft placed in the marked paper. Figure 2 represents the variation over time of the excitation magnetic, at a marked point of the paper, which corresponds to the configuration of Figure 1 and the Figure 4 represents the variation over time of the magnetic excitation, at a point of the marked paper, which corresponds to the configuration of Figure 3.

La configuration représentée en figure 1 comprend un ensemble de trois aimants permanents sous la forme de trois barreaux aimantés A1, A2, A3 de section rectangulaire montés en opposition. L'axe défini par les pôles nord et sud de chacun des barreaux est sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan de la feuille de papier marqué (non représentée sur la figure). Sur la figure 1, la section des barreaux aimantés est sensiblement rectangulaire. Les trois barreaux magnétiques A1, A2, A3 sont montés sur une culasse magnétique CM qui permet aux lignes de champ de se refermer de façon à limiter leur extension dans des zones utiles. La largeur L des barreaux selon la direction perpendiculaire à l'axe défini par les pôles est sensiblement égale à la largeur d'une feuille de papier marqué.The configuration shown in FIG. a set of three permanent magnets in the form three magnetic bars A1, A2, A3 section rectangular mounted in opposition. The axis defined by the north and south poles of each of the bars is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the sheet of marked paper (not shown in the figure). On the Figure 1, the section of the magnetized bars is substantially rectangular. The three bars magnets A1, A2, A3 are mounted on a cylinder head Magnetic CM that allows the field lines to close in order to limit their extension in useful areas. The width L of the bars according to the direction perpendicular to the axis defined by the poles is substantially equal to the width of a sheet of marked paper.

La configuration de la figure 3 comprend un aimant permanent sous la forme d'un barreau aimanté A4 de section sensiblement rectangulaire. L'axe défini par les pôles nord et sud du barreau A4 est sensiblement parallèle au plan de la feuille de papier marqué. Le barreau A4 est monté sur une culasse magnétique CM. La largeur L des barreaux est également sensiblement égale à la largeur d'une feuille de papier marqué.The configuration of Figure 3 includes a magnet permanent in the form of a magnetic bar A4 of substantially rectangular section. The axis defined by the north and south poles of the A4 bar is substantially parallel to the plane of the marked piece of paper. The bar A4 is mounted on a magnetic cylinder head CM. The width L of the bars is also substantially equal to the width of a marked sheet of paper.

Selon l'exemple représenté en figure 3, un seul barreau A4 participe à l'excitation magnétique. Plusieurs barreaux peuvent également participer à l'excitation magnétique. Les barreaux sont alors placés parallèlement les uns aux autres sur la culasse CM. Les pôles nord des différents barreaux sont alors tous positionnés sur un même premier côté et les pôles sud sur un même deuxième côté opposé au premier côté.According to the example shown in FIG. A4 bar participates in magnetic excitation. Several bars may also participate in magnetic excitation. The bars are then placed parallel to each other on the CM cylinder head. The north poles of the different bars are then all positioned on the same first side and the south poles on the same second side opposite to the first side.

De façon plus générale, les aimants permanents peuvent être agencés de différentes façons. On devra s'attacher à créer au cours du temps, pour une zone de document balayée, une excitation magnétique variable permettant de faire basculer l'aimantation des inclusions magnétiques douces du papier marqué. A cette fin, les barreaux aimantés sont déplacés selon une direction parallèle au plan du document (direction AA' sur les figures 1 et 3).More generally, permanent magnets can be arranged in different ways. We will have to to focus on creating over time, for a zone of scanned document, variable magnetic excitation to tilt the magnetization of soft magnetic inclusions of the marked paper. At this end, the magnetized bars are moved according to a direction parallel to the document plane (direction AA ' in Figures 1 and 3).

La valeur maximale Hmax du champ magnétique H produit lors du déplacement des barreaux magnétiques (cf. figures 2 et 4) doit être très sensiblement supérieure à la valeur du champ d'anisotropie des matériaux magnétiques mis en jeu et également suffisamment faible pour ne pas perturber le fonctionnement nominal du dispositif de reproduction original (toner magnétique des photocopieurs, spectre de la lampe type néon des scanners, ...). Comme cela a été mentionné précédemment, la culasse magnétique CM permet, à cette fin, de refermer les lignes de champ et d'empêcher leur extension dans des zones non utiles.The maximum value Hmax of the magnetic field H produced when moving the magnetic bars (see Figures 2 and 4) must be very greater than the value of the field of anisotropy of the magnetic materials put into play and also low enough not to disturb the nominal operation of the reproduction device original (photocopiers magnetic toner, spectrum of the neon-type lamp scanners, ...). As this has previously mentioned, the magnetic cylinder head CM allows, for this purpose, to close the field lines and to prevent their extension into non-useful areas.

La configuration représentée en figure 1 crée une excitation alternativement positive et négative (cf. figure 2). La configuration représentée en figure 3 crée un gradient du champ magnétique: le principe repose, dans ce cas, sur la constatation que les inclusions magnétiques présentes dans le papier sont dispersées de façon isotrope et que leur état d'aimantation est quelconque à un instant donné. Le positionnement d'aimants d'orientations différentes perpendiculairement à la direction de balayage empêche un piratage trop aisé du dispositif.The configuration shown in Figure 1 creates alternatively positive and negative excitation (see Figure 2). The configuration shown in figure 3 creates a gradient of the magnetic field: the principle in this case, based on the finding that the Magnetic inclusions present in the paper are isotropically dispersed and their condition magnetization is arbitrary at a given moment. The positioning of magnets of different orientations perpendicular to the scanning direction prevents hacking too easy device.

La figure 5 représente une configuration à bobine d'excitation. La figure 6 représente un perfectionnement de la configuration représentée en figure 5.Figure 5 shows a coil configuration excitation. Figure 6 shows a refinement of the configuration represented in figure 5.

Une bobine excitatrice Be parcourue par un courant d'excitation alternatif ie permet de générer un champ magnétique d'amplitude sinusoïdale. La fréquence du courant d'excitation ie permet l'excitation des inclusions magnétiques. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, la fréquence du courant d'excitation peut être égale à 1 kHz. Des fréquences d'excitation trop basses (par exemple autour de 50Hz) sont préférentiellement écartées afin d'éviter la pollution par des alimentations secteur et leurs harmoniques.An excitement coil Be traversed by a alternating excitation current ie can generate a Magnetic field of sinusoidal amplitude. Frequency excitation current ie allows the excitation of magnetic inclusions. As an example limiting, the frequency of the excitation current can be equal to 1 kHz. Excitation frequencies too low (for example around 50Hz) are preferentially discarded in order to avoid pollution by power supplies and their harmonics.

L'amplitude du courant d'excitation est ajustée afin de permettre la saturation du matériau à chaque période, avec, préférentiellement, une marge de sécurité correspondant à un champ magnétique statique extérieur perturbateur.The amplitude of the excitation current is adjusted to allow saturation of the material at each period, with, preferentially, a margin of security corresponding to a static magnetic field disruptive exterior.

La détection des variations d'aimantation des éléments magnétiques contenus dans le papier marqué est réalisée par une ou plusieurs bobines de détection Bd. L'utilisation de bobines de détection Bd concerne aussi bien le cas où l'excitation magnétique est réalisée à l'aide de bobines d'excitation (cf. figures 5 et 6) que le cas où l'excitation magnétique est réalisée par des aimants permanents (cf. figures 1 et 3).Detection of magnetization variations of magnetic elements contained in the marked paper is performed by one or more detection coils Bd. The use of Bd detection coils also concerns well the case where magnetic excitation is performed at using excitation coils (see Figures 5 and 6) that the case where the magnetic excitation is carried out by permanent magnets (see Figures 1 and 3).

Dans le cas où l'excitation est effectuée par des aimants permanents, placer les bobines à proximité immédiate des aimants permanents est la solution la plus attrayante dans la mesure où les dimensions de la ou des bobines sont alors réduites. Si plusieurs bobines sont utilisées, on aura par exemple intérêt à les connecter en série pour simplifier le circuit de traitement de l'information. Le nombre de tours des bobines de réception doit être élevé pour avoir une sensibilité également élevée.In the case where the excitation is carried out by permanent magnets, place the coils nearby immediate permanent magnets is the solution the more attractive to the extent that the dimensions of the or coils are then reduced. If several coils are used, we will have for example interest in connect them in series to simplify the circuit of data processing. The number of laps receiving coils must be high to have a sensitivity also high.

Les aimants permanents sont déplacés en regard du document de papier marqué qui reste fixe. Les bobines de détection peuvent se déplacer solidairement des aimants permanents où être fixes. Dans ce dernier cas, il est alors possible, par exemple, d'utiliser une ou plusieurs bobines fixes qui embrassent d'un seul coup l'ensemble de la surface de reproduction de l'appareil de reproduction. On peut alors enrouler la ou les bobines de détection autour de la vitre du moyen de reproduction.Permanent magnets are moved next to the marked paper document that remains fixed. The detection coils can move in solidarity permanent magnets to be fixed. In this last case, it is then possible, for example, to use a or several fixed coils that embrace a single blow the entire reproductive surface of the reproductive apparatus. We can then wind the or the sensing coils around the middle pane of reproduction.

Dans tous les cas, il est avantageux d'utiliser un système différentiel permettant d'augmenter la sensibilité (rapport signal sur bruit) du dispositif. Outre la bobine de détection Bd, une bobine de compensation Bc permet alors d'éliminer la composante de signal liée à la variation de champ magnétique générée par les moyens d'excitation (cf. figure 6).In any case, it is advantageous to use a differential system to increase the sensitivity (signal to noise ratio) of the device. In addition to the detection coil Bd, a coil of compensation Bc then allows to eliminate the component of signal related to the variation of magnetic field generated by the excitation means (see Figure 6).

La figure 7 représente une application de dispositif de détection de papier marqué selon l'invention à un appareil de reproduction de document. L'appareil de reproduction de document peut être, par exemple, une photocopieuse, un scanner, un fax, etc.. Sur la figure 7 sont représentés un caisson K, une structure M de maintien de la source de lumière 1 qui éclaire le document et un bras b pour déplacer la structure de maintien M dans le caisson K. Selon le mode de réalisation représenté en figure 7, la structure de maintien M comprend également des bobines d'excitation Bei et des bobines de détection Bdi. La partie tête de détection du dispositif de détection est ici solidaire de la structure M qui maintient la source de lumière, ce qui permet avantageusement d'assurer un balayage de l'ensemble de la zone de reproduction et de placer la tête de détection très près du document original.Figure 7 shows an application of paper detection device marked according to the invention to a document reproduction apparatus. The document reproduction apparatus may be, for example, a photocopier, a scanner, a fax, etc. FIG. 7 shows a box K, a box M structure of maintaining the light source 1 which illuminate the document and an arm b to move the M support structure in the box K. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. holding structure M also comprises coils Bei excitation and Bdi detection coils. The detection head part of the detection device is here in solidarity with the structure M which maintains the source of light, which advantageously makes it possible to ensure sweeping the entire breeding area and place the sensor head very close to the document original.

Les figures 8 et 9 représentent deux exemples de documents papier sécurisés selon l'invention. La figure 8 représente le cas où les filaments ferromagnétiques sont distribués de façon isotrope sur la feuille de papier et la figure 9 représente le cas où les filaments sont sensiblement alignés dans une même direction.Figures 8 and 9 show two examples secure paper documents according to the invention. The Figure 8 shows the case where the filaments ferromagnets are distributed isotropically on the sheet of paper and figure 9 represents the case where the filaments are substantially aligned in a same direction.

Préférentiellement, les filaments ferromagnétiques présentent un champ de saturation de valeur sensiblement inférieure ou égale à 300 A/m.Preferably, the filaments ferromagnetic have a saturation field of value substantially less than or equal to 300 A / m.

Le document papier sécurisé selon l'invention se compose d'une feuille de papier P dans laquelle sont incorporés, en surface, des filaments ferromagnétiques amorphes gainés de verre F. Les filaments ferromagnétiques F sont incorporés dans la couche superficielle du papier au moment de l'opération de couchage. Les filaments sont alors dispersés dans la suspension aqueuse colloïdale étalée à la surface du support cellulosique fibreux (papier couché).The secure paper document according to the invention consists of a sheet of paper P in which are embedded, on the surface, ferromagnetic filaments amorphous sheathed glass F. The filaments Ferromagnetic F are incorporated in the layer superficial paper at the time of the operation of sleeping. The filaments are then dispersed in the colloidal aqueous suspension spread on the surface of the fibrous cellulosic support (coated paper).

Les filaments ferromagnétiques gainés de verre peuvent être produits par étirage d'un noyau de métal fondu contenu dans un tube en verre borosilicaté comme décrit dans le document référencé "Ferromagnetic resonance in amorphous magnetic wires" de S.A. Baranov et al (Phys. Met. Metall., n°1. vol. 67, p 70 à 75, 1989). Ils peuvent avoir l'une des compositions suivantes: CoFeSiB, ou CoSiB, ou FeSiB, avec une proportion de Si+B sensiblement supérieure à 18% et sensiblement inférieure à 35% de façon à obtenir un matériau amorphe, et du Co et du Fe à plus de 40%. On peut rajouter à ces constituants principaux des éléments tels que: Ni (par exemple de O à 20 %), Mo, Zr, Ge, Cr, Mn, V, Ti, C ou d'autres métaux ou métalloïdes avec des teneurs par exemple inférieures à 7%.Ferromagnetic filaments sheathed with glass can be produced by drawing a metal core melted content in a borosilicate glass tube as described in the referenced document "Ferromagnetic resonance in amorphous magnetic wires "by S.A. Baranov et al (Phys Met Metall., No. 1. vol 67, p 70-75, 1989). They can have one of the compositions following: CoFeSiB, or CoSiB, or FeSiB, with a proportion of Si + B substantially greater than 18% and substantially less than 35% so as to obtain a amorphous material, and more than 40% Co and Fe. We can add to these main constituents of elements such as: Ni (for example from 0 to 20%), Mo, Zr, Ge, Cr, Mn, V, Ti, C or other metals or metalloids with contents for example less than 7%.

Les filaments ferromagnétiques peuvent être à magnétostriction positive, auquel cas, ils présentent un saut de Barkhausen important, ou bien à magnétostriction négative, auquel cas, ils ne présentent pas de saut de Barkhausen. On considérera des filaments qui atteignent la saturation pour un champ extérieur appliqué selon leur axe inférieur à quelques centaines d'A/m. Les propriétés de tels matériaux, fonction de leur composition, sont bien connues, comme décrit dans le document référencé "Magnetic hysteresis in glass-covered and water-quenched amorphous wires" de H. Chiriac, T.A. Ovari, M. Vasquez et A. Hernando (Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Marerials 177-171, 1998, p 205 et 206).Ferromagnetic filaments may be positive magnetostriction, in which case they present an important Barkhausen jump, or to negative magnetostriction, in which case they do not show no jump from Barkhausen. We will consider filaments that reach saturation for a outside field applied along their axis less than a few hundred A / m. The properties of such materials, depending on their composition, are well known as described in the referenced document "Magnetic hysteresis in glass-covered and water-quenched amorphous wires "by H. Chiriac, T. A. Ovari, M. Vasquez and A. Hernando (Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Marerials 177-171, 1998, p 205 and 206).

Sous l'effet d'un champ magnétique d'excitation extérieur de très faible amplitude (typiquement de l'ordre de quelques centaines d'A/m) et de fréquence supérieure à quelques centaines de hertz, l'aimantation des filaments présentant un saut de Barkhausen se renverse brusquement deux fois par période en produisant une variation de flux facilement détectable par une antenne (bobine de détection) située à proximité des moyens créant le champ d'excitation. Dans tous les cas, le champ appliqué doit être supérieur au champ de saturation des filaments. La bobine de détection permet de détecter une impulsion de flux. Ceci est dû au caractère bistable de l'aimantation résultant des caractéristiques magnétiques de l'alliage et des actions de magnétostriction produites par la gaine. Le brusque renversement de l'aimantation pendant la montée du champ alternatif extérieur au cours d'une demi-période entraíne l'apparition d'un signal (variation de flux induit dans la bobine de détection) comportant de nombreux harmoniques de fréquences multiples de la fréquence d'excitation (quelques dizaines de kilohertz). Les harmoniques sont faciles à identifier et permettent, le cas échéant, d'effectuer une discrimination avec des signaux parasites de plus basse fréquence générés par des matériaux magnétiques plus conventionnels et moins doux, au cas où de tels matériaux existeraient au voisinage du document à contrôler et perturberaient son environnement magnétique.Under the effect of a magnetic excitation field outside of very low amplitude (typically the order of a few hundred A / m) and frequency greater than a few hundred hertz, the magnetization filaments with a jump from Barkhausen suddenly reverses twice a period in producing easily detectable flow variation by an antenna (coil of detection) located at proximity of the means creating the field of excitation. In In all cases, the applied field must be greater than saturation field of the filaments. The coil of detection can detect a flow pulse. This is due to the bistable character of the magnetization resulting from the magnetic characteristics of the alloy and magnetostriction actions produced by the sheath. The sudden reversal of the magnetization during the rise of the external alternating field during a half-period leads to the appearance of a signal (variation of flux induced in the coil of detection) with many frequency harmonics multiples of the excitation frequency (some tens of kilohertz). Harmonics are easy to identify and allow, where appropriate, to perform discrimination with more spurious signals low frequency generated by magnetic materials more conventional and less gentle, in case such materials would exist in the vicinity of the document at control and disrupt his environment magnetic.

Des filaments à magnétostriction négative, ne présentant pas de saut de Barkhausen, mais ayant un champ de saturation inférieur à quelques centaines d'A/m, créent eux aussi des harmoniques dans les mêmes conditions. Cela est dû au fait que leur aimantation varie de manière non linéaire avec le temps.Filaments with negative magnetostriction, do not presenting no jump from Barkhausen but having a saturation field less than a few hundred of A / m, also create harmonics in the same conditions. This is due to the fact that their magnetization varies non-linearly with time.

La longueur optimale préférentielle des filaments est voisine de 10 mm. Elle peut également être de l'ordre de 7 mm, sans que la modification de l'anisotropie de forme ni que des effets de magnétostriction ne modifient de façon sensible les conditions de retournement de l'aimantation et, partant, l'ampleur du signal qui reste essentiellement proportionnelle à la quantité de matière incorporée dans le papier.The preferred optimum length of filaments is close to 10 mm. It can also be of the order of 7 mm, without the modification of the anisotropy of form nor the effects of magnetostriction do not significantly modify the conditions of reversal of the magnetization and, hence the magnitude of the signal that remains essentially proportional to the amount of material incorporated in the paper.

Le diamètre total maximum des filaments du bi-matériau composite est le plus souvent inférieur à 20 µm ce qui permet de fixer l'épaisseur de la couche de revêtement en polymère de latex entre 30 et 40 µm après séchage, entraínant une épaisseur totale du papier (support cellulosique + revêtement de couchage) d'au moins 80 µm. Aucune limite supérieure n'est par contre imposée à l'épaisseur de la feuille de papier sécurisé. Le faible diamètre total des filaments autorise l'incorporation de ceux-ci dans la suspension aqueuse colloïdale de polymère latex étalée sur le support cellulosique du papier lors de l'opération de couchage.The maximum total diameter of the bi-material filaments composite is usually less than 20 which makes it possible to fix the thickness of the latex polymer coating between 30 and 40 μm after drying, resulting in a total thickness of the paper (cellulosic support + coating of coating) of minus 80 μm. No upper limit is however imposed on the thickness of the secured paper sheet. The small total diameter of the filaments allows the incorporation of these into the aqueous suspension colloidal latex polymer spread on the support cellulosic paper during the coating operation.

Pour pouvoir être facilement détectable, la concentration de matière ferromagnétique dans le papier sécurisé doit être sensiblement supérieure à 1mg/m2. L'incorporation et la dispersion des filaments dans la barbotine de couchage, laquelle contient également des pigments blancs et d'autres additifs en plus des colloïdes du latex, s'effectue par un brassage intensif à l'aide, par exemple, d'un malaxeur à couteau. Les filaments, d'une grande résistance mécanique et particulièrement flexibles, ne sont avantageusement pas endommagés par l'opération de brassage. D'autre part, du fait de sa composition en verre, la gaine permet un bon mouillage de la surface des filaments par la suspension colloïdale aqueuse, et la barbotine ainsi obtenue est très homogène, sans grumeaux, avec un état de viscosité assez faible et dont les caractéristiques peuvent rester stables pendant un stockage (par exemple, un stockage de quelques heures à la température ambiante).In order to be easily detectable, the concentration of ferromagnetic material in the secure paper must be substantially greater than 1 mg / m 2 . The incorporation and dispersion of the filaments in the coating slip, which also contains white pigments and other additives in addition to the latex colloids, is effected by intensive stirring using, for example, Knife mixer. The filaments, of high mechanical strength and particularly flexible, are advantageously not damaged by the brewing operation. On the other hand, because of its glass composition, the sheath allows a good wetting of the surface of the filaments by the aqueous colloidal suspension, and the slip thus obtained is very homogeneous, without lumps, with a relatively low viscosity state and whose characteristics may remain stable during storage (for example, storage for a few hours at room temperature).

Le couchage s'effectue par une méthode de Blade, suivie d'un pré-séchage et éventuellement d'un calandrage. Du fait de la présence de la gaine de verre, les fibres métalliques ne subissent pas de corrosion notable dans le liquide en suspension. Il est à noter que lorsque la concentration des fibres n'excède pas 80 mg/m2 et que la dispersion dans la barbotine de couchage a été effectuée convenablement, les filaments sont sensiblement allongés dans l'épaisseur de la couche. La présence de fibres dans la couche rapportée est alors difficilement détectable à l'oeil nu, au point que le papier sécurisé conserve avantageusement un aspect très proche de l'aspect d'un papier non sécurisé, aspect qui peut du reste être renforcé par l'ajout d'une couche sans filaments, par exemple d'épaisseur 2 à 3µm, recouvrant la couche qui contient les filaments.The coating is carried out by a Blade method, followed by pre-drying and possibly calendering. Because of the presence of the glass sheath, the metal fibers do not undergo significant corrosion in the liquid in suspension. It should be noted that when the fiber concentration does not exceed 80 mg / m 2 and the dispersion in the coating slip has been suitably carried out, the filaments are substantially elongated in the thickness of the layer. The presence of fibers in the added layer is then difficult to detect with the naked eye, to the point that the secure paper advantageously retains an appearance very close to the appearance of a non-secure paper, which aspect can be reinforced by the addition of a layer without filaments, for example of thickness 2 to 3 μm, covering the layer which contains the filaments.

Dans le cas de filaments relativement longs, par exemple entre 1 et 2 cm, les conditions mécaniques de couchage du papier à des vitesses de défilement élevées entraínent un certain degré d'alignement des filaments sous l'effet des forces de viscosité au sein de la barbotine (cf. figure 9). La détection d'un tel papier dépend alors de l'orientation selon laquelle sont introduites les feuilles par rapport au détecteur, et, dans le cas favorable, le signal est notablement renforcé. Par ailleurs on constate que les filaments peuvent se croiser sans modifier les propriétés de l'ensemble. Il est à noter que le phénomène d'orientation ne se rencontre pas pour des fibres courtes (par exemple comprises entre 5 à 8 mm de long), l'orientation étant alors statistique (cf. figure 8).In the case of relatively long filaments, for example between 1 and 2 cm, the mechanical conditions sleeping paper at scroll speeds high levels result in a certain degree of alignment of filaments under the effect of viscosity forces within slip (see Figure 9). The detection of such paper depends on the orientation according to which are introduced the sheets with respect to the detector, and, in the favorable case, the signal is significantly strengthened. Moreover, it can be seen that the filaments can cross without changing the properties of all. It should be noted that the phenomenon orientation does not occur for fibers short (for example between 5 to 8 mm long), the orientation is then statistical (see Figure 8).

Il est important de signaler que, lorsque le marquage a lieu sur toute la surface du papier, une partie découpée de surface plus réduite est avantageusement toujours détectable, assurant ainsi une plus grande sécurité ainsi qu'une plus grande discrétion du matériau marqueur.It is important to point out that when the marking takes place on the entire surface of the paper, a cut-off area of smaller surface is advantageously still detectable, thus ensuring greater security as well as greater discretion of the marker material.

Par ailleurs, pour des fibres dont le diamètre n'excède pas 20µm, la pénétration du champ magnétique s'effectue, dans tous les cas, jusqu'au coeur du filament, même lorsque la fréquence d'excitation se situe au-delà de quelques dizaines de kilohertz (l'effet de peau à ces fréquences ne se manifestant que pour des filaments de diamètre de 30 pm ou davantage). La totalité de l'alliage magnétique est alors avantageusement utile pour contribuer au signal détecté.Moreover, for fibers whose diameter does not exceed 20μm, magnetic field penetration in all cases, to the heart of the filament even when the excitation frequency is lies beyond a few tens of kilohertz (the skin effect at these frequencies only manifesting itself for filaments with a diameter of 30 μm or more). The totality of the magnetic alloy is then advantageously useful for contributing to the signal detected.

Les caractéristiques du papier sécurisé, lui permettent avantageusement d'être compatible avec toutes les utilisations classiques en imprimerie et en bureautique, comme un papier conventionnel. En particulier, le papier sécurisé selon l'invention peut être placé dans le bac émetteur d'une machine à photocopier selon tout type de format. La présence de filaments métalliques gainés de verre n'empêche pas l'impression des caractères sur le papier. Il est donc aisé de produire des documents qui doivent être considérés comme sensibles et non divulgables.The characteristics of secure paper, him advantageously to be compatible with all conventional uses in printing and office automation, like a conventional paper. In particular, the secure paper according to the invention can placed in the transceiver of a machine photocopy according to any type of format. The presence of glass-wrapped metal filaments does not prevent the printing of characters on the paper. It is therefore easy to produce documents that need to be considered sensitive and non-disclosable.

Un exemple de réalisation de papier sécurisé va maintenant être décrit ci-dessous. On considère dans cet exemple des filaments ferromagnétiques doux gainés de verre dont le diamètre total est de 15µm, l'épaisseur de la gaine de verre étant égale à 2µm. Les filaments sont fabriqués par une méthode connue dérivée du procédé de Taylor et qui consiste à chauffer par induction une certaine quantité de métal introduit dans un tube de verre borosilicaté fermé. Un filament est initié et enroulé autour d'une bobineuse. Le verre utilisé est un verre borosilicaté de type Pyrex, dont la température de fusion est voisine de 600°C. L'alliage métallique est de type CoMnSiB et contient une proportion atomique de Cobalt comprise entre 75 et 80%. Les filaments sont à magnétostriction négative et ont un champ d'anisotropie de 1 Oe, soit 80 A/m. Les filaments sont coupés à une longueur de 7mm et dispersés dans la barbotine de couchage. La concentration en filaments est supérieure à 5g/m2. Cette préparation peut être mise sur une des faces ou sur les deux faces de la feuille de papier. A cette concentration, les filaments sont avantageusement invisibles lorsque l'épaisseur du couchage est comprise entre 30 et 40µm. L'écriture ou l'impression sur le papier ne sont pas gênées par la présence des filaments.An exemplary embodiment of secure paper will now be described below. In this example, we consider soft glass-wrapped ferromagnetic filaments with a total diameter of 15 μm, the thickness of the glass sheath being equal to 2 μm. The filaments are made by a known method derived from the Taylor process and which involves inductively heating a certain amount of metal introduced into a closed borosilicate glass tube. A filament is initiated and wrapped around a winder. The glass used is a borosilicate glass Pyrex type, whose melting temperature is close to 600 ° C. The metal alloy is of CoMnSiB type and contains an atomic proportion of Cobalt of between 75 and 80%. The filaments are negative magnetostrictive and have an anisotropy field of 1 Oe, ie 80 A / m. The filaments are cut to a length of 7mm and dispersed in the sleeping slip. The concentration of filaments is greater than 5 g / m 2 . This preparation can be put on one of the faces or on both sides of the sheet of paper. At this concentration, the filaments are advantageously invisible when the thickness of the coating is between 30 and 40 μm. Writing or printing on paper is not hindered by the presence of the filaments.

La figure 10 représente un schéma de principe de procédé de reproduction de document papier selon l'invention.Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram process of reproducing paper document according to the invention.

Le procédé comprend une étape 1 d'insertion du document original dans le dispositif de reproduction suivie d'une étape 2 de détection de présence de papier marqué. Lorsque le document original est présenté au dispositif de reproduction, un dispositif de détection détecte la présence ou l'absence de papier marqué. Dans le cas où du papier marqué est détecté, la fonction de reproduction est inhibée (étape 4). La génération d'une alarme ou de tout autre moyen de visualisation et ou de comptage peut également être intégré au dispositif de détection pour signaler la présence de papier marqué. Selon un perfectionnement, la fonction d'inhibition peut être annulée par un dispositif spécifique conduisant à une autorisation de la reproduction du document (étape 3).The method comprises a step 1 of insertion of the original document in the reproduction device followed by a step 2 of detecting the presence of paper Mark. When the original document is presented reproduction device, a detection device detects the presence or absence of marked paper. In the case where marked paper is detected, the function of reproduction is inhibited (step 4). The generation of a alarm or any other means of visualization and / or counting can also be integrated into the device detection to indicate the presence of marked paper. According to one improvement, the inhibition function can be canceled by a specific device leading to a reproduction authorization of the document (step 3).

Avantageusement, l'appareil de reproduction comprend un dispositif de détection qui est ajouté à un dispositif de reproduction existant. L'alimentation électrique du dispositif ajouté peut se faire soit de façon autonome soit en utilisant une ressource propre du moyen de reproduction. Pour des moyens de reproduction portables, l'alimentation du dispositif par batterie ne pose pas de problème.Advantageously, the reproduction apparatus includes a detection device that is added to a existing reproduction device. food added device can be done either autonomously using a resource of its own the means of reproduction. For ways to Portable reproduction, device power by battery is not a problem.

L'autorisation de reproduction, malgré la présence d'un papier marqué, peut se faire par tout moyen qui satisfait les exigences organisationnelles de l'industrie ou organisme qui utilise le papier marqué sujet de l'invention. Cette autorisation peut être transmise de façon codée ou non au dispositif de contrôle. Il est clair que pour les cas où cette autorisation n'est pas utilisée, le dispositif ajouté peut être démuni de toute entrée permettant d'accéder à une quelconque fonction d'autorisation (limitation des risques de piratage ou de détournement volontaire de la fonction d'autorisation).The reproduction authorization, despite the presence of a marked paper, can be done by any means that meets the organizational requirements of the industry or organization that uses the marked paper subject of the invention. This authorization may be coded or not coded to the device of control. It is clear that in cases where this authorization is not used, the device added may be deprived of any entry allowing access to any authorization function (limitation of risks of piracy or deliberate diversion of authorization function).

Le dispositif de détection servant à détecter la présence potentielle d'un papier marqué assure une détection sur l'ensemble de la surface de reproduction et cela même s'il y a diminution de la surface du papier à analyser (cas de la découpe d'un document confidentiel pour tenter de reproduire le document malgré le marquage).The detection device for detecting the potential presence of a marked paper ensures a detection on the entire breeding surface and this even if there is a decrease in the surface of the paper to analyze (case of cutting a document confidential in an attempt to reproduce the document despite the marking).

Claims (8)

  1. Marked paper document comprising a polymer layer containing glass-covered, amorphous ferromagnetic filaments (F), characterized in that the glass-covered, amorphous ferromagnetic filaments are incorporated and dispersed by mixing into the polymer layer.
  2. Marked paper document according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic filaments have a saturation field with a value significantly below or equal to 300 A/m.
  3. Marked paper document according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ferromagnetic filaments (F) have positive magnetostriction.
  4. Marked paper document according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ferromagnetic filaments (F) have negative magnetostriction.
  5. Marked paper document according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the diameter of the ferromagnetic filaments (F) is significantly below or equal to 20 µm and the length is between 3 mm and 3 cm.
  6. Marked paper document according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the concentration of filaments is within a range between approximately 4 mg/m2 and 80 mg/m2.
  7. Process for producing a marked paper document comprising a polymer layer containing glass-covered, ferromagnetic filaments, characterized in that it comprises a step during which the glass-covered, amorphous ferromagnetic filaments (F) are incorporated and dispersed by mixing into the polymer layer.
  8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the glass-covered, amorphous ferromagnetic filaments (F) are dispersed in a colloidal aqueous suspension spread on the surface of a fibrous cellulose support.
EP01947524A 2000-06-20 2001-06-19 Device for detecting magnetically marked paper and marked paper detectable by said device Expired - Lifetime EP1292932B1 (en)

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