EP1291972A1 - Méthode et appareil pour la production d'hologrammes - Google Patents

Méthode et appareil pour la production d'hologrammes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1291972A1
EP1291972A1 EP01120855A EP01120855A EP1291972A1 EP 1291972 A1 EP1291972 A1 EP 1291972A1 EP 01120855 A EP01120855 A EP 01120855A EP 01120855 A EP01120855 A EP 01120855A EP 1291972 A1 EP1291972 A1 EP 1291972A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiohologram
aerial
radioholographic
flat
metal
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Application number
EP01120855A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Vladimir S. O. Enterprises Ltd. Mizgaylov
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So Solo Enterprise Ltd
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So Solo Enterprise Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by So Solo Enterprise Ltd filed Critical So Solo Enterprise Ltd
Priority to EP01120855A priority Critical patent/EP1291972A1/fr
Publication of EP1291972A1 publication Critical patent/EP1291972A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/067—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens using a hologram

Definitions

  • the invention concerns to a radio engineering, and is concrete, to ways of construction of radioholographic aerials, including secondary aerial devices used for change of a direction of distribution and - or of polarization of radiowaves and can be used at creation and manufacturing aerial devices for various assignment, mainly in a range of superhigh frequencies, for example, radioholographic aerials of superhigh frequencies used in reception systems of satellite TV, broadcasting or communication.
  • the way of record of the radiohologram by an electrical way is known [1].
  • the hardware method of record of the radiohologram is applied. Written down as set of video signals the radiohologram, then will be transformed to the optical hologram, which can not be used as the radioholographic aerial.
  • the known way can not supply construction of radioholographic aerials.
  • the hologram written down on the material carrier, use as the shaper of the orientation diagram of the aerial.
  • the shaper of the orientation diagram it is enough to illuminate the hologram by a basic wave.
  • opportunities of imitation are limited to the orientation diagram of radiator of a subject wave.
  • the known way allows to simulate, and then to receive, limited number of types (classes) of radioholographic aerials, mainly of aerials with the "needle" form of the orientation diagram (Further - OD).
  • the record of the radiohologram in a known way is carried out in a near zone cogerent basic radiator, i.e. in free space of a near zone it radiator.
  • a near zone cogerent basic radiator i.e. in free space of a near zone it radiator.
  • the distortions O.D. will be observed.
  • the radioholographic aerial will not ensure reproduction required O.D.
  • the specified reasons also limit an opportunity of reception on a known way radioholographic aerial systems such as "object - radiohologram", secondary radioholographic devices having ability of given change of a direction of radioradiation.
  • radioholographic aerials which are taking into account influence of object, on which they are placed or are with it in strong electromagnetic connection
  • aerial systems such as "object - radiohologram", in particular, creation of not acting aerials, for example, flat radioholographic aerials of a MICROWAVE, secondary radioholographic devices having ability of a given direction of radioradiation.
  • object - radiohologram in particular, creation of not acting aerials, for example, flat radioholographic aerials of a MICROWAVE, secondary radioholographic devices having ability of a given direction of radioradiation.
  • the record of the radiohologram in a range of a MICROWAVE is carried out on thermoplastic material. Received thus radiohologram has rather low ability to reproduction as because of unsufficient sensitivity of a material at record, and because of weak interaction with a basic radiowave.
  • the problem of creation small-sized, in particular, flat aerials is urgent in radioastronomy, in engineering of satellite communication, in other areas of a radio engineering.
  • the flat aerial of a MICROWAVE containing waveguide, flat dielectric substrate located on the metal screen, and on its opposite party dielectric of a plate metal strips, forming asymmetrical strip lines and terminating resonant radiators also of strip type [4] is known.
  • the known aerial is used for satellite TV and has system of excitation as asymmetrical strip lines, moving to everyone elementary radiator.
  • the orientation diagram of such aerial has enough high level of lateral petals, the reception only of one polarization of an electromagnetic signal is possible which depends on the form elementary radiator. Besides as making pathes to elementary radiator it is a lot of (how many elementary radiator), the electrical characteristics of the known aerial sharply depend on losses in dielectric and metal of strip lines.
  • the radioholographic aerial containing irradiator of waveguide type and the flat radiohologram including dielectrical substrate with located on its surface by metal conductors, executed in the form of concentric arches of circles established from each other with a constant step [5].
  • the flat radiohologram consists of two flat dielectrical substrates with structures of concentric metal conductors, and distance between planes of an Arrangement of structures of conductors not less quarter of wave length, and irradiator is located with some angel to a plane of the radiohologram. The specified reasons limit an opportunity of reduction of dimensions of the known aerial.
  • radioholographic aerial containing the radiohologram, including the metal conductors having the form of concentric located arches of circles and placed with a step to multiple length of a wave, on the one party of flat dielectric substrate, and also by irradiator of waveguide of a type established by the phase centre at the centre of concentric arches of conductors [6].
  • the known flat radioholographic aerial consists of a package flat dielectric substrates, laying one from another on distance not less than one quarter of wave length of the irradiator. On each substrate the structure from thin metal conductors in the form of circle arches, concentric located from each other is placed, and the radiuses of concentric arches are increased by depth of a package on a quarter of wave length.
  • the thickness of the radiohologram is commensurable with wave length.
  • the radiohologram is raised from an edge of a plane its arrangement and by virtue of it forms fields of radiation and diagram of an orientation till both parties of a plane of the radiohologram, it is perpendicular to plane.
  • the increase of number dielectric substrates with structures of concentric conductors increases an one-orientation of a field of radiation.
  • the return radiation in back half-plane remains significant, that worsens the power characteristics of the known aerial.
  • the distortions of the diagram of an orientation are possible, as known aerial system in any way did not take into account diffraction of it field on object.
  • the known aerial has linear polarization of radiation.
  • the task of creation of a universal way of construction of radioholographic aerial with the required orientation diagram is decided.
  • the basic technical result of the invention consists in expansion of classes of created aerials, including, in creation of flat radioholographic aerials of reduced volume at preservation of high accuracy of reproduction of the required diagram of an orientation.
  • the additional technical result of the invention consists in an opportunity of creation of the flat radioholographic aerial of reduced volume with circular polarization of radiation.
  • the second additional technical result consists in a possibility of expansion of a strip of working frequencies of flat radioholographic aerials received according to a declared way.
  • the decision of the put task and achievement of the basic technical result is provided with that in a way of construction of radioholographic aerials consisting in formation of a subject radiowave according to the required diagram of an orientation of the aerial, the records of the radiohologram with the help of subject and basic radiowaves in a near zone of the projected aerial, manufacturing of the radiohologram by results of record, subject wave form by a superposition of bunches quasiflat radiowaves with amplitude-phase distribution of a field complex-connected to the required diagram of an orientation of the aerial, the radiation of bunches quasiflat of waves is carried out from a surface of sphere, the size of which radius corresponds to a distant zone of the projected aerial, the record of the radiohologram is carried out by an electrical way, and the radiohologram make as the binary radiohologram.
  • the irradiator established by the phase centre at the centre of concentric arches of conductors, the radioholographic aerial in addition contains the flat metal screen located on free side from conductors dielectric substrate, with an opportunity of contact with waveguide path of irradiator.
  • conductors use metal strips, and the average radiuses of concentric arches metal strips or cracks, dividing them, executed in the form of concentric arches of circles, are increased from the centre of concentric arches of circles of conductors with a step equal ⁇ the thickness of dielectric substrate does not exceed ⁇ /4 ⁇ .
  • the figure 11 illustrates a mutual arrangement basic and subject irradiators at record radiohologram for construction of the flat radioholographic aerial with sharp-orientation diagram according to a declared way.
  • radiator 1 placed on a spherical surface 2 with radius appropriate to a distant zone of the projected aerial, basic irradiator (radiator) 3, established in the centre of a spherical surface O.4 - shaper of radiator signals, which each output is connected to the help waveguide with one of radiators 1,3, measuring probe 5, having an opportunity of moving in a near zone of the projected aerial, with the help of unit of moving 6 probes, generator of a MICROWAVE 7.
  • the outputs is connected to the first input of the shaper of signals 4 of irradiators, block of registration and management 8, the first and second inputs/outputs which are connected, accordingly, to an input/output of the generator of a MICROWAVE 7 and unit of moving 6.
  • the input is connected to an output of a measuring probe 5, and output with the second input of the shaper of signals 4.
  • the position 9 marks object, on which the projected aerial can be placed (is marked by a dotted line).
  • the radiators 1,3, probe 5, unit of moving 6 are placed in without-ehso chamber 10.
  • the shaper of signals consists from circulator, coordinated loadings controlled phase shifters controlled jet dividers and switchboards.
  • the shaper of signals 4 provides formation on an input of each of radiators 1 of MICROWAVE signal with amplitude and phase appropriate to given data.
  • the block of registration and management is realized on the basis of the electronic computer connected with amplitude-phase-meter and supplied means for display of the information.
  • Formation of a subject radiowave and record of the radioholograms according to a declared way are carried out as follows.
  • the shaper of signals 4 establishes the given data of amplitudes and phases on inputs of radiators 1, field, appropriate to amplitude-phase distribution, complex-conjugate required diagram of an orientation of the projected aerial.
  • amplitude and phase basic irradiator (radiators) 3 with the help of switchings, divisions and changes of phases of a MICROWAVE signal which has acted from the generator 7.
  • Each of radiators forms quasiflat radiowave directed to the centre O sphere 2.
  • the arrangement radiators 1 on sphere 2 allows to generate from quasiflat waves beams displaying primary directions of radiation of the required diagram of an orientation.
  • the amplitude-phase distribution of a fields complex-connected required D.O. is formed.
  • radiohologram basic irradiator (radiator) 3 If necessary creations of the radiohologram placed on object, before record of the radiohologram basic irradiator (radiator) 3 have on object so that its phase centre coincided with the centre of sphere O, subject radiowave, being the phase centre.
  • the record of the radiohologram is carried out on a surface or near of object 9.
  • the written down radiohologram make as the physical body - binary peak or phase radiohologram, at which accommodation in a place of record of the radiohologram the probe 5, provides creation of the radioholographic aerial with required D.O.
  • Example 1 Construction of the radioholographic aerial with required weak-orientation of sector diagram of an orientation having width 120 degrees.
  • sector-type megaphone In quality of irradiator is used sector-type megaphone, brazed in the metal screen (the kind of a megaphone with the screen and radiohologram is given on a figure 4).
  • the diagram of an orientation of megaphone-type irradiator is submitted on a figure 2.
  • Polarization of radiation is vertical (EZ-polarization). Amplitude-phase distribution of a field in a distant zone appropriate to the required diagram of an orientation, and record of the radiohologram were carried out with the help of the device, which block diagram is given on a figure 1.
  • the subject wave was formed as a beam of quasiflat waves from symmetric, rather normal to apperture of megaphone, sector of width 120 degrees in a horizontal plane, at the given EZ-polarization.
  • the written down radiohologram was made as binary peak hologram.
  • D.O. of megaphone-type irradiator (see figure 2) has on capacity width of 40-45 degrees on a level 0,1, the binary radiohologram was displayed in a plane XY in symmetric, rather normal to a plane of the screen, execution.
  • the aerial is executed as a basic irradiator-megaphone 3 specified sizes, brazed in the metal screen 11, and metal scatter as plates bent on arches 12 and cores 13, fixed in a near zone of a megaphone 3 in places with above-stated coordinates with the help of dielectrical substrate 14 and dielectrical holders 15 (the part of the holders on a figure is not shown).
  • Such megaphone-type radiator sends in the party of the screen a flat electromagnetic wave from sectors equal to the angular sizes, under which its seen from the centre of the metal screen lengthways normal to it, i. e. from 2 up to 12 degrees, depending on distance between a plane of the screen both plane aperture of a megaphone and dimensions of a megaphone.
  • the radiohologram looks like alternating zones of minima and maxima as concentric rings well keeping this structure in angular sector from an axis of waveguide ⁇ 45 °.
  • the similar configuration of the written down radiohologram corresponds to theoretical representations about the form of interfere picture from spherical and flat waves (by virtue of it, written down radiohologram on figures is not given).
  • the manufacturing of the binary hologram requires a choice of width of elements simulating structure of the radiohologram, and distance between them.
  • For spatial (volumetric holograms) the approach (see example 1), ensuring overlapping binary structure of angular width interfere of a field from a maximum up to a level 0,4-0,5 on intensity was used.
  • width of a binary element got out proceeding from reasons of technological realization it and width of a strip of reproduced frequencies, i. e. from resonant properties.
  • the written down radiohologram was made as the peak binary radiohologram placed above the metal screen.
  • radiohologram was carried out or as metal strips (arches or other resonant elements), or as cracks in a metal sheet located above the screen.
  • metal strips arches or other resonant elements
  • cracks in a metal sheet located above the screen.
  • the aerial was under construction by a principle "radiohologram-object-irradiator ", i.e. in view of electrodynamic interaction of all features of the system.
  • the binary radiohologram as elements realizing its structure resonant radiating elements dipole or slot-hole, is possible to received a new class of the flat radioholograms and, accordingly, new class of flat radioholographic aerials of minimal volume with the required diagram of an orientation, having high factor of amplification.
  • flat radioholographic aerial (see fig. 12,13,14.) consists from waveguide 3, carrying out function irradiator (radiator) or reception element, and the radioholograms, are contained by the metal screen 16, located in a plane of an internal wide wall of waveguide 3, with an opportunity of contact with last, i.e.
  • connections with a wall of waveguide waveguide 3, flat dielectrical substrate 17, connected by one of the side with the screen 16, metal strips 18, located on second, opposite to the screen 16 side of a substrate 17, in a plane parallel to the screen 16, additional strips 19, at end faces of the radiohologram directly contiguous to waveguide 3, and it opposite, contacting on all perimeter with the screen 16 and with waveguide 3, in a place of its connection to system radiohologram-screen, forming resonant cavity having on the one hand the screen 16, with opposite the parties radiohologaphic structure 18, contacting with strips 19, and through them and with the screen.
  • Metal strips 18 have the form of arches located on concentric circles, the average radiuses of arches are increased from the centre of concentric circles O with a step, equal to length of a wave.
  • the centre of a plane aperture of waveguide 1 is combined with the centre O of the concentric circles. If in quality of irradiator of the radiohologram, instead of the open end of the waveguide other is used radiator, its phase centre is combined with the centre O.
  • Thickness of a dielectrical layer is equal ⁇ 4 ⁇ , where ⁇ - working length of a wave of system, ⁇ - dielectrical permeability of a material substrate 17.
  • metal strips 19 instead of metal strips 19 the metal layers put on end faces of dielectrical plate 17 or other shielding metal surfaces can be used.
  • the spherical radiowave being distributed along the metal screen 16, raises metal strips 18, which radiate electromagnetic waves perpendicularly planes of the screen.
  • the excitation metal arc strips occurs in phase, as distance up to each of its from the phase centre of radiation is multiple to length of a wave, on which the system functions. Therefore in a direction normal to a plane of radiation of a field in a distant zone develop in phase, i. e. the maximum of a field of radiation of such radioholographic aerial is normal to a surface of the flat radiohologram, than the reception required D.O. is achieved.
  • the flat radiowave falling normally on a plane of the radiohologram, simultaneously raises all metal strips 18, radiation from which, being distributed along the screen 16 reproduces in aggregate spherical radiowave converging in the centre O of reception plane (a plane of aperture waveguide), i.e. is focused in the centre O metal arc strips 18, getting in waveguide 3.
  • the metal screen carries out a role of a mirror, on which the image of structure of the radiohologram removed from its real image on half-waves is formed.
  • the screen (mirror) - hologram provides unilateral radiation of the radioholographic aerial only in one party from a surface aperture of the aerial and, accordingly, mode of reception with a direction of a signal from a aperture surface in waveguide 3. Due to an arrangement of the screen on distance in a quarter of a wave from a plane of the radiohologram, the reduction of dimensions of the aerial is provided. At use dielectrics with dielectrical permeability ⁇ > 1, filling space between the screen and the radiohologram there are more the depth of the resonator of the radioholographic aerial becomes equal ⁇ 4 ⁇ .
  • the arrangement irradiator 3 in an end face of the radiohologram also promotes reduction of dimensions of the aerial.
  • the described variant of a design of the declared holographic aerial provides reception - transfer of radiowaves mainly with linear polarization of radiation. Factor of amplification of such aerial depends on the area it aperture. At the sizes of aperture 20 x 20 lengths of waves width of the main petal D.O. is equal 2,5 degrees. At the sizes of aperture 12 x 12 lengths of waves width of the main petal D.O. is equal 4 degrees.
  • the variant of a design of the declared radioholographic aerial ensuring reception radiowaves from elliptic polarization of radiation with reproduction sharp-oriented D.O. is below given, perpendicular plane of the screen (see figures 16,17).
  • the difference of the given variant of the radioholographic aerial from above described consists that inside everyone metal strips 18 between its ends, and with deviation from them, the cracks 21 are executed is equal to average radius of an arch strips 18.
  • the number of cracks 21 is equal to number of strips 18.
  • the described variant of a design of the reception aerial works as follows.
  • the flat electromagnetic wave, falling on the aerial, with two orthogonal component (speech goes about the wave, polarized on a circle,) raises a crack (component of a vector E, normal to wide wall of a crack in metal strip).
  • the component of a vector E parallel of tangent line to metal strip in a plane of the radiohologram, raises a current in metal strip.
  • the orthogonal components are moved not only in space, but also in time, in a direction of the reception device 3 the accepted signal is transferred [11].
  • the spherical electromagnetic wave radiated waveguide 3 transforming in a TEM - wave, extending in the resonator, formed by the metal screen 16, structure of the radiohologram as set metal strips 18 and cracks 20 and additional strips 19.
  • the TEM wave raises cracks 20, and the cracks are raised by an electrical component of a field normal to a wide wall of a crack.
  • the radiation from all cracks develops in phase, normal to a surface of the radiohologram.
  • the reception sharp-oriented D.O is provided., normal to aperture of the aerial.
  • each of cracks 20 For reception of large factor of amplification, with enough small sizes of aperture of the radiohologram, perimeter of each of cracks 20 to execute as discrete set of resonant cracks (see fig. 22). is necessary.
  • Each resonant element as a crack has a configuration and sizes ensuring work of this element in a strip of frequencies.
  • the radioholographic aerial with resonant cracks and aperture 8 ⁇ x 8 ⁇ has factor of amplification 24-28 dB.
  • the work of such radioholographic aerial is similar of the described above radioholographic aerial. Differences in work consists that each crack from set is raised resonantly, that strengthens a total signal of the aerial, increases factor of amplification of the aerial as a whole.
  • radioholographic aerials as stimulating, irradiating radiohologram element, can be used standard waveguide of a working range of radiowaves for the aerial given system, thus one of wide walls of waveguide is carried out flush with the metal screen; square waveguide, one of which parties is executed flush with the metal screen; coaxial waveguide, strip waveguide and other types of devices ensuring radiation (reception) of electromagnetic waves.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP01120855A 2001-08-30 2001-08-30 Méthode et appareil pour la production d'hologrammes Withdrawn EP1291972A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP01120855A EP1291972A1 (fr) 2001-08-30 2001-08-30 Méthode et appareil pour la production d'hologrammes

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01120855A EP1291972A1 (fr) 2001-08-30 2001-08-30 Méthode et appareil pour la production d'hologrammes

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4783134A (en) * 1985-08-20 1988-11-08 Hamamatsu Photonics Kabushiki Kaisha Microwave holograph device
RU2089921C1 (ru) * 1994-05-10 1997-09-10 Игорь Павлович Ковалев Радиоголографический способ определения диаграммы направленности антенны в диапазоне частот
WO1999040687A1 (fr) * 1998-02-10 1999-08-12 Sanford John R Systeme de communication sans fil a directivite basee sur le balayage de frequence
EP1046962A2 (fr) * 1999-04-19 2000-10-25 Advantest Corporation Méthode et dispositif d'observation d'hologrammes en fréquence radio
US6140960A (en) * 1997-02-20 2000-10-31 Advantest Corporation Hologram observation method for three-dimensional wave source distribution, and stereoscopic directivity estimation method of antenna and wave distribution observation method based on hologram observation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4783134A (en) * 1985-08-20 1988-11-08 Hamamatsu Photonics Kabushiki Kaisha Microwave holograph device
RU2089921C1 (ru) * 1994-05-10 1997-09-10 Игорь Павлович Ковалев Радиоголографический способ определения диаграммы направленности антенны в диапазоне частот
US6140960A (en) * 1997-02-20 2000-10-31 Advantest Corporation Hologram observation method for three-dimensional wave source distribution, and stereoscopic directivity estimation method of antenna and wave distribution observation method based on hologram observation
WO1999040687A1 (fr) * 1998-02-10 1999-08-12 Sanford John R Systeme de communication sans fil a directivite basee sur le balayage de frequence
EP1046962A2 (fr) * 1999-04-19 2000-10-25 Advantest Corporation Méthode et dispositif d'observation d'hologrammes en fréquence radio

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SHAHABADI M ET AL: "MILLIMETER-WAVE HOLOGRAPHIC POWER SPLITTING/COMBINING", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 45, no. 12, PART 2, 1 December 1997 (1997-12-01), pages 2316 - 2323, XP000732015, ISSN: 0018-9480 *

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