EP1290780B1 - Verfahren zur erhöhung der ausgangsspannung eines frequenzveränderbaren antriebes - Google Patents

Verfahren zur erhöhung der ausgangsspannung eines frequenzveränderbaren antriebes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1290780B1
EP1290780B1 EP01935337A EP01935337A EP1290780B1 EP 1290780 B1 EP1290780 B1 EP 1290780B1 EP 01935337 A EP01935337 A EP 01935337A EP 01935337 A EP01935337 A EP 01935337A EP 1290780 B1 EP1290780 B1 EP 1290780B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
inverter
output
output voltage
voltage
resonant circuit
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EP01935337A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1290780A2 (de
Inventor
Jerald Rider
James E. Layton
John M. Leuthen
Dick L. Knox
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Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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Baker Hughes Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/06—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps having motor-pump units situated at great depth
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/128—Adaptation of pump systems with down-hole electric drives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical power system for a motor within a wellbore for use in a downhole power system, as well as to a method of powering a downhole motor for use in such a borehole electrical system. More specifically, the present invention relates to boosting the output of variable frequency drives employed to power electrical submersible pumps within wellbores.
  • US 4 928 771 discloses a centrifugal pump which is lowered into a wellbore having a downhole three-phase electrical motor, wherein a single-phase AC power is supplied from the surface down a conductor, with the return being the casing.
  • a phase converter converts the single-phase AC power to three-phase AC power downhole for driving the pump motor.
  • US 4 541 041 discloses a control for a voltage-fed series resonant inverter regulating the output voltage of the inverter from no-load to full-load and reducing circulating continuous current in the resonant elements which can result in excessive power dissipation during no-load and light-load operation.
  • Electrical power is frequently transmitted to subterranean locations within boreholes to power downhole equipment, such as electrical submersible pumps (ESPs).
  • ESPs electrical submersible pumps
  • Normally three phase electrical power is transmitted from the surface over cables running between the well casing and the production tubing.
  • step-up transformers at the output of the drive are utilized to boost the voltage of power transmitted downhole. Step-up transformers add to the expense of the system, however, and add additional sources of failure or disturbance to the electrical system.
  • a sine wave filter including an inductor for each phase (three inductors) and three delta- or Y-connected capacitors.
  • the sine wave filter is coupled within a three phase power system at the surface, between the output of a variable frequency drive and a three phase power cable transmitting power to a borehole location to boost the output voltage of the drive.
  • the sine wave filter is designed to have a resonant frequency higher than the maximum operational frequency of the drive, and a Q such that, at the maximum operational frequency of the drive, the filter provides a voltage gain equal to the ratio of the desired voltage to the drive's maximum output power at the maximum operational frequency.
  • the sine wave filter also smooths the voltage waveform of a pulse width modulated variable frequency drive.
  • FIGURES 1 through 3 discussed below, and the various embodiment used to describe the principles of the present invention in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present invention may be implemented in any suitably arranged device.
  • FIGURE 1 depicts a three phase electrical power system employed to power downhole equipment according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrical power system 102 located at the surface of a borehole is coupled to a motor and pump 104 adapted for use within a borehole and disposed within the borehole by connection to tubing lowered within the well casing.
  • Motor and pump assembly 104 includes an electrical submersible pump (ESP) in the exemplary embodiment, which may be of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,845,709 , coupled to an induction motor.
  • the induction motor drives the ESP and is powered by three phase power transmitted over three phase transmission cable 106 electrically coupling motor and pump assembly 104 to a surface power system including generator 108 and drive 110.
  • ESP electrical submersible pump
  • Three phase transmission cable 106 include separate conductors for each electrical power phase and transmits power from the surface power system including generator 108, which produces three phase power, coupled to variable frequency drive (VFD) 110, designed to provide the appropriate voltage waveform at a selected frequency within a defined operating frequency range for powering motor and pump assembly 104.
  • VFD variable frequency drive
  • variable frequency drive 110 is a pulse width modulated (PWM) drive operationally regulated by a controller 112.
  • Controller 112 for drive 110 changes the output frequency of drive 11o by altering the width of pulses forming the output voltage in accordance with the known art.
  • Other suitable existing power electronics inverters may be employed for drive 110.
  • drive 110 may have a maximum output voltage (anywhere within the operating frequency range) which is lower than a voltage required for powering motor and pump assembly 104 disposed within the borehole.
  • Drive 110 may be a low voltage drive having a maximum output voltage of only 480 volts (V), for example, while motor and pump assembly 104 may include a medium voltage motor requiring 1,000 V to 4,000 V at the surface. (Surface voltages are referenced since the cable 106, which may be thousands of feet long, will cause significant attenuation between the surface voltage and the voltage at the motor downhole.)
  • drive 110 may have a maximum output voltage of 4,160 V, while a surface voltage of 5,000 V is requires to power motor and pump assembly 104.
  • a sine wave filter 114 is coupled within the three phase power system 102 between the output of drive 110 and three phase cable 106 carrying power into the borehole.
  • the sine wave filter 114 is preferably located at the surface, alternatively the sine wave filter may located downhole proximate to the motor, in which case the parameters of interest are the received input voltage at the input of the sine wave filter 114 received from the surface and the required motor voltage.
  • FIGURES 2A and 2B illustrate in greater detail circuit diagrams for sine wave filters employed within a three phase electrical power system for downhole equipment according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Sine wave filter 114a depicted in FIGURE 2A includes three inductors L A , L B , and L C each serially connected within a phase A, B and C, respectively, of the three phase power system between the output of the variable frequency drive and the three phase power cable 106 transmitting the power downhole.
  • Sine wave filter 114a also includes three delta-connected capacitors C AB , C BC , and C AC between phases A and B, between phases B and C, and between phases A and C, respectively, of the three phase power system.
  • Sine wave filter 114a depicted in FIGURE 2B also includes three inductors L A , L B , and L C each serially connected within a phase A, B and C, respectively, of the three phase power system, but contains three Y-connected capacitors C A , C B , and C C connected within phases A, B and C of the three phase power system, between the respectively phase and a common or neutral point.
  • inductors L A , L B , and L C each have the same inductance L, and either capacitors C AB , C BC , and C AC or capacitors C A , C B , and C C each have the same capacitance C (although the capacitance C of, for example, C A is not necessarily the same as capacitance C of C AB ).
  • the inductance L and capacitance C are selected to provide a filter voltage gain for three phase power at a maximum operational frequency of the variable frequency drive which is preferably equal to the ratio of the desired voltage for powering downhole equipment to the maximum output voltage of the drive.
  • FIGURE 3 depicts a plot of gain versus frequency for a sine wave filter employed within a three phase electrical power system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sine wave filter 114a or 114b is tuned to have a resonant frequency f 0 which is offset from (higher than) the maximum operational frequency f max of the variable frequency drive.
  • the sine wave filter is also designed to have a quality factor Q, when excited by three phase power, which is greater than one.
  • the sine wave filter quality Q represents the gain of the filter at resonance, and thus the sine wave filter is capable of boosting the output voltage of the variable frequency drive by a factor equal to--or nearly equal to--the filter Q at the reson
  • the sine wave filter is designed to have a resonant frequency offset from (and preferably higher than) maximum operating frequency of the variable frequency drive, on a portion of the frequency-dependent gain curve for the filter which is sufficiently gradual to permit voltage regulation (i.e., preferably within the range of voltage variances supported by the drive).
  • the sine wave filter may be tuned to have a resonant frequency within the range of 90 Hz to 200 Hz, or more likely within the range of 90 Hz to 120 Hz.
  • the filter is preferably always tuned for a resonant frequency higher than the drive's maximum operating frequency due to the need for a positive volts-per-Hertz ratio.
  • the filter is preferably designed to provide a maximum gain G max at the maximum operating frequency f max of the drive.
  • the maximum gain G max is preferably equal to the ratio of the desired or required (surface) voltage to the maximum output voltage of the drive.
  • the sine wave filter would be designed to have a gain at the maximum operational frequency of the drive (e.g., 80 Hz) equal to 5,000/4,160, or about 1.2.
  • the sine wave filter 114 will also have a minimum gain G min at the minimum operational frequency f min of the drive. It would be desirable, but is not necessary, for the minimum gain G min to be greater than one.
  • the inductances and capacitances required to obtain a desired resonant frequency fo, and/or maximum gain G max at the maximum operating frequency f max of a particular generator/drive configuration, for the sine wave filter 114, may be determined utilizing existing electrical simulation programs.
  • filter 114 when excited by the output of drive 110 (utilizing power received from generator 108) filter 114 will (at least partially) resonate at the output frequency of drive 110, thus increasing the output voltage of filter 114 over the output voltage of drive 114 by a factor equal to the gain G of the filter 114 at the output frequency of drive 110.
  • the voltage boost provided by filter 114 will follow the output frequency of drive 110.
  • the output voltage of filter 114 is connected by feedback loop 116 to controller 112. Controller 112 may thus monitor and regulate the output voltage of filter 114, altering the output voltage of filter 114 by controlling the output voltage and/or the output frequency of drive 110.
  • sine wave filter 114 has the additional benefit of smoothing the voltage output of drive 110 into a very sinusoidal signal.
  • smoothing of the power signal prevent problems from resonant frequencies and reflected waves, in addition to boosting the output voltage of the drive 110.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Elektrisches Leistungssystem (102) für einen Motor innerhalb eines Bohrlochs, wobei das System dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass:
    - ein Motor (104) in dem Bohrloch positioniert ist;
    - ein Leistungselektronikwechselrichter (110) selektiv eine Ausgangsspannung an einem Ausgang erzeugt, wobei die Ausgangsspannung niedriger als eine zum Antreiben des in dem Bohrloch positionierten Motors (104) erforderliche Spannung ist; und
    - ein Resonanzkreis (114) mit dem Ausgang des Wechselrichters (110) verbunden ist, wobei der Resonanzkreis (114) die Ausgangsspannung des Wechselrichters (114) auf die zum Antreiben des in dem Bohrloch positionierten Motors (104) erforderliche Spannung erhöht.
  2. Elektrisches Leistungssystem (102) nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend:
    - eine Pumpe innerhalb des Bohrlochs, wobei der Motor (104) die Pumpe selektiv antreibt; und
    - einen Generator (108), der in einem nahe an dem Bohrloch gelegenen Oberflächenbereich angeordnet ist, wobei der Generator (108) und der Wechselrichter (110) selektiv eine Ausgangsspannung an einem Ausgang erzeugen, wobei die Ausgangsspannung niedriger als eine zum Antreiben des Motors (104) erforderliche Spannung ist.
  3. Elektrisches Leistungssystem (102) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Resonanzkreis (114) die Ausgangsspannung auf die erforderliche Spannung erhöht.
  4. Elektrisches Leistungssystem (102) nach Anspruch 3, wobei der Resonanzkreis (114) weiterhin umfasst:
    - ein induktiv-kapazitives Filter mit einer von einer maximalen Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselrichters (110) versetzten Resonanzfrequenz, wobei das Filter bei der maximalen Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselrichters (110) eine Verstärkung aufweist, die ungefähr gleich der erforderlichen Spannung geteilt durch die Ausgangsspannung ist.
  5. Elektrisches Leistungssystem (102) nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Filter weiterhin umfasst:
    - eine Induktivität (LA, LB, LC), die in jeder Phase eines an den Wechselrichter (110) gekoppelten dreiphasigen Leistungsübertragungssystems seriell verbunden ist; und
    - Kapazitäten (CA, CB, CC, CAB, CBC, CAC), die zwischen Phasen des dreiphasigen Leistungsübertragungssystems verbunden sind.
  6. Elektrisches Leistungssystem (102) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, weiterhin umfassend:
    - eine Rückkopplungsverbindung von einem Ausgang des Resonanzkreises (114) zu dem Wechselrichter (110), wobei die Rückkopplungsverbindung es dem Wechselrichter (110) erlaubt, eine Ausgangsspannung des Resonanzkreises (114) zu regulieren.
  7. Elektrisches Leistungssystem (102) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei eine frequenzabhängige Verstärkungskurve des Resonanzkreises (114) über einem Betriebsfrequenzbereich des Wechselrichters (110) ausreichend graduell ist, um eine Spannungsregulierung über dem Betriebsfrequenzbereich zu erlauben.
  8. Elektrisches Leistungssystem (102) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei eine frequenzabhängige Verstärkungskurve des Resonanzkreises (114) eine maximale Verstärkung bei einer maximalen Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselrichters (110) und eine minimale Verstärkung bei einer minimalen Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselrichters (110) aufweist.
  9. Verfahren zum Antreiben eines Bohrlochmotors (104) zur Verwendung in einem elektrischen System (104) für ein Bohrloch, umfassend
    - Erzeugung einer Ausgangsspannung an einem Ausgang eines Leistungselektronikwechselrichters (110), die niedriger als eine zum Antreibens des in dem Bohrloch positionierten Motors (104) erforderliche Spannung ist; und
    - Erhöhen der Ausgangsspannung des Leistungselektronikwechselrichters (110) unter Verwendung eines mit dem Ausgang des Wechselrichters (110) verbundenen Resonanzkreises (114).
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Schritt des Erhöhens der Ausgangsspannung zu der erforderlichen Spannung hin unter Verwendung eines mit dem Ausgang des Wechselrichters (110) verbundenen Resonanzkreises (114) weiterhin umfasst:
    - Erhöhung der Ausgangsspannung auf die erforderliche Spannung.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei der Schritt des Erhöhens der Ausgangsspannung zu der erforderlichen Spannung hin unter Verwendung eines mit dem Ausgang des Wechselrichters (110) verbundenen Resonanzkreises (114) weiterhin umfasst:
    - Verbinden eines induktiv-kapazitiven Filters, der eine von einer maximalen Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselrichters (110) versetzte Resonanzfrequenz aufweist, mit dem Ausgang des Wechselrichters (110), wobei das Filter bei der maximalen Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselrichters (110) eine Verstärkung aufweist, die ungefähr gleich der erforderlichen Spannung geteilt durch die Ausgangsspannung ist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Schritt des Verbindens eines Filters, der eine von einer maximalen Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselrichters (110) versetzte Resonanzfrequenz aufweist, mit dem Ausgang des Wechselrichters (110) weiterhin umfasst:
    - serielles Verbinden einer Induktivität (LA, LB, LC) in jeder Phase eines an den Wechselrichter (110) gekoppelten dreiphasigen Leistungsübertragungssystems; und
    - Verbinden von Kapazitäten (CA, CB, CC, CAB, CBC, CAC) zwischen Phasen des dreiphasigen Leistungsübertragungssystems.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, weiterhin umfassend:
    - Bereitstellung einer Rückkopplungsverbindung von einem Ausgang des Resonanzkreises (114) zu dem Wechselrichter (110), wobei die Rückkopplungsverbindung es dem Wechselrichter (110) erlaubt, eine Ausgangsspannung des Resonanzkreises (114) zu regulieren.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Schritt des Erhöhens der Ausgangsspannung zu der erforderlichen Spannung hin unter Verwendung eines mit dem Ausgang des Wechselrichters (110) verbundenen Resonanzkreises (114) weiterhin umfasst:
    - Erhöhen der Ausgangsspannung unter Verwendung eines Resonanzkreises (114) mit einer frequenzabhängigen Verstärkungskurve, die über einer Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselrichters (110) ausreichend graduell ist, um eine Spannungsregulierung über dem Betriebsfrequenzbereich zu erlauben.
EP01935337A 2000-05-12 2001-05-11 Verfahren zur erhöhung der ausgangsspannung eines frequenzveränderbaren antriebes Expired - Lifetime EP1290780B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20379200P 2000-05-12 2000-05-12
US203792P 2000-05-12
US20481800P 2000-05-17 2000-05-17
US204818P 2000-05-17
PCT/US2001/015249 WO2001089068A2 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-05-11 Method for boosting the output voltage of a variable frequency drive

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EP1290780A2 EP1290780A2 (de) 2003-03-12
EP1290780B1 true EP1290780B1 (de) 2009-09-09

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EP (1) EP1290780B1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001261440A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2408795C (de)
DE (1) DE60139865D1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001089068A2 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160036367A1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 Innovus Power, Inc. Variable speed generator and motor

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4541041A (en) * 1983-08-22 1985-09-10 General Electric Company Full load to no-load control for a voltage fed resonant inverter
US4928771A (en) * 1989-07-25 1990-05-29 Baker Hughes Incorporated Cable suspended pumping system
US4969076A (en) * 1989-08-14 1990-11-06 General Electric Company Load compensating gain control for a series resonant inverter
US5208738A (en) * 1990-12-13 1993-05-04 Northern Telecom Limited Constant frequency resonant DC/DC converter

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WO2001089068A3 (en) 2002-03-14
CA2408795A1 (en) 2001-11-22
EP1290780A2 (de) 2003-03-12
CA2408795C (en) 2005-11-22
WO2001089068A2 (en) 2001-11-22
DE60139865D1 (de) 2009-10-22
AU2001261440A1 (en) 2001-11-26

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