Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
  • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
  • A61K9/008—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy comprising drug dissolved or suspended in liquid propellant for inhalation via a pressurized metered dose inhaler [MDI]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/02—Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation for use in the administration of medicaments by inhalation.
• this invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation for use in pressurised metered dose inhalers (MDI's).
• MDI's pressurised metered dose inhalers
• the invention also relates to methods for their preparation and to their use in therapy.
• Inhalers are well known devices for administering pharmaceutically active materials to the respiratory tract by inhalation.
• active materials commonly delivered by inhalation include bronchodilators such as ⁇ 2 agonists and anticholinergics, corticosteroids, anti-allergies and other materials that may be efficiently administered by inhalation, thus increasing the therapeutic index and reducing side effects of the active material.
• (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy)phenyI]-2-[((2S)-4- methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid has recently been disclosed in International Patent Application (PCT/EP99/10000) as a novel antagonist of both ⁇ 4 ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 4 ⁇ 7 integrins which, as a consequence, results in effective anti-inflammatory properties.
• MDIs Metered dose inhalers
• MDI formulations are generally characterised as solution formulations or suspension formulations.
• Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs; known also as hydrofluorocarbons or HFCs) contain no chlorine and are considered less destructive to ozone and these are proposed substitutes for CFCs.
• HFA 134a 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane
• HFA 227) 1 ,1 ,1 , 2,3, 3,3-heptafluoropropane
• the efficiency of an aerosol device is a function of the dose deposited at the appropriate site in the lungs. Deposition is affected by several factors, of which one of the most important is the aerodynamic particle size. Solid particles and/or droplets in an aerosol formulation can be characterised by their mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD, the diameter around which the mass aerodynamic diameters are distributed equally).
• MMAD mass median aerodynamic diameter
• the effective aerodynamic diameter is a function of the size, shape and density of the particles and will affect the magnitude of forces acting on them. For example, while inertial and gravitational effects increase with increasing particle size and particle density, the displacements produced by diffusion decrease. In practice, diffusion plays little part in deposition from pharmaceutical aerosols. Impaction and sedimentation can be assessed from a measurement of the MMAD which determines the displacement across streamlines under the influence of inertia and gravity, respectively.
• Aerosol particles of equivalent MMAD and GSD have similar deposition in the lung irrespective of their composition.
• the GSD is a measure of the variability of the aerodynamic particle diameters.
• the particles for inhalation have a diameter of about 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
• Particles which are larger than 5 ⁇ m in diameter are primarily deposited by inertial impaction in the orthopharynx, particles 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m in diameter, influenced mainly by gravity, are ideal for deposition in the conducting airways, and particles 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m in diameter are desirable for aerosol delivery to the lung periphery. Particles smaller than 0.5 ⁇ m may be exhaled.
• particle size in principle is controlled during manufacture by the size to which the solid medicament is reduced, usually by micronisation.
• a process known as Ostwald Ripening can lead to particle size growth.
• particles may have tendency to aggregate, or adhere to parts of the MDI eg. canister or valve.
• the effect of Ostwald ripening and particularly of drug deposition may be particularly severe for potent drugs which need to be formulated in low doses.
• Solution formulations do not suffer from these disadvantages, but suffer from different ones in that particle size is both a function of rate of evaporation of the propellant from the formulation, and of the time between release of formulation from canister and the moment of inhalation.
• a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation comprising a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellant having dissolved therein particulate (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1- piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy)phenyl]-2-[((2S)-4-methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2- methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid or a salt or solvate thereof.
• HFA hydrofluoroalkane
• suitable salts include physiologically acceptable salts such as alkali metal salts, for example calcium, sodium and potassium salts and salts with (trishydroxymethyl)aminomethane.
• the (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy)phenyl]- 2-[((2S)-4-methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid will be present as the potassium salt.
• the free acid is also of interest.
• the formulation will generally contain a solubilisation agent to aid solubilisation of the drug in the formulation.
• Suitable solubilisation agents include propylene glycol, glycerol and ethanol, particularly propylene glycol and ethanol, preferably ethanol.
• Other suitable solubilisation agents include alkanes and ethers (eg dimethyl ether).
• a further solubilisation agent of interest is dimethoxymethane which has particularly good solvency properties.
• HFA propellants examples include 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA134a) and 1 ,1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane (HFA227) and mixtures thereof.
• the preferred propellant is 1,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA134a).
• HFA227 is also of particular interest.
• a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation comprising: (i) (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1 -piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy) phenyl]-2-[((2S)-4-methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid or a salt or solvate thereof;
• the preferred low volatility component is glycerol, propylene glycol or polyethyleneglycol, especially glycerol. Preferably it is present in an amount of 0.5 to 3% (w/w)
• the preferred solubilisation agent is ethanol.
• the solubilisation agent will be present within the formulation at a concentration of not greater than 35% (w/w), most preferably between 5 and 30% (w/w).
• the present invention can be defined as a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation which comprises:
• solubilisation agent particularly ethanol
• a further active ingredient suitable for inhalation therapy may be incorporated into the formulation such as a corticosteroid (eg fluticasone propionate) or a bronchodilator (eg salmeterol or albuterol or a salt thereof).
• a corticosteroid eg fluticasone propionate
• a bronchodilator eg salmeterol or albuterol or a salt thereof.
• the formulation according to the invention will be used in association with a suitable metering valve.
• a suitable metering valve capable of delivering a volume of between 50 ⁇ l and 100 ⁇ l, eg 50 ⁇ l or 63 ⁇ l or 100 ⁇ l.
• Use of a larger metering chamber eg 100 ⁇ l will generally be preferred.
• the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention may be filled into canisters suitable for delivering pharmaceutical aerosol formulations.
• Canisters generally comprise a container capable of withstanding the vapour pressure of the HFA propellant, such as plastic or plastics coated glass bottle or preferably a metal can, for example an aluminium can which may optionally be anodised, lacquer-coated and/or plastics coated, which container is closed with a metering valve. It may be preferred that canisters be coated with a fluorocarbon polymer as described in WO 96/32151 , for example, a co-polymer of polyethersulphone (PES) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
• PES polyethersulphone
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
• the metering valves are designed to deliver a metered amount of the formulation per actuation and incorporate a gasket to prevent leakage of propellant through the valve.
• the gasket may comprise any suitable elastomeric material such as for example low density polyethylene, chlorobutyl, black and white butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers, butyl rubber and neoprene.
• Thermoplastic elastomer valves as described in WO92/11190 and valves containing EPDM rubber as described in WO95/02651 are especially suitable. Suitable valves are commercially available from manufacturers well known in the aerosol industry, for example, from Valois, France (eg.
• DF10, DF30; DF60 Bespak pic, UK (eg. BK300, BK356, BK357) and 3M-Neotechnic Ltd, UK (eg. SpraymiserTM).
• the DF31 valve of Valois, France is also suitable.
• Valve seals especially the gasket seal, will preferably be manufactured of a material which is inert to and resists extraction into the contents of the formulation, especially when the contents include ethanol.
• Valve materials especially the material of manufacture of the metering chamber, will preferably be manufactured of a material which is inert to and resists distortion by contents of the formulation, especially when the contents include ethanol.
• Particularly suitable materials for use in manufacture of the metering chamber include polyesters eg polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT) and acetals, especially PBT.
• Materials of manufacture of the metering chamber and/or the valve stem may desirably be fluorinated, partially fluorinated or impregnated with fluorine containing substances in order to resist drug deposition.
• an aliquot of the liquified formulation is added to an open canister under conditions which are sufficiently cold that the formulation does not vaporise, and then a metering valve crimped onto the canister.
• each filled canister is check-weighed, coded with a batch number and packed into a tray for storage before release testing.
• Each filled canister is conveniently fitted into a suitable channelling device prior to use to form a metered dose inhaler for administration of the medicament into the lungs or nasal cavity of a patient.
• Suitable channelling devices comprise, for example a valve actuator and a cylindrical or cone-like passage through which medicament may be delivered from the filled canister via the metering valve to the nose or mouth of a patient eg. a mouthpiece actuator.
• Metered dose inhalers are designed to deliver a fixed unit dosage of medicament per actuation or 'puff, for example in the range of 10 to 5000 ⁇ g medicament per puff.
• valve stem In a typical arrangement the valve stem is seated in a nozzle block which has an orifice leading to an expansion chamber.
• the expansion chamber has an exit orifice which extends into the mouthpiece.
• Actuator (exit) orifice diameters in the range 0.1-0.45mm are generally suitable eg 0.15, 0.22, 0.25, 0.30, 0.33 or 0.42mm. We have found that it is advantageous to use a small diameter eg
• 0.25mm or less particularly 0.22mm since this tends to result in a higher FPM and lower throat deposition. 0.15mm is also particularly suitable.
• the dimensions of the orifice should not be so small that blockage of the jet occurs.
• Actuator jet lengths are typically in the range 0.30-1.7mm eg 0.30, 0.65 or 1.50mm.
• the dose of (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1- piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy)phenylj ⁇ 2-[((2S)-4 ⁇ methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2- methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid or salt or solvate thereof will be between 0.1 and 10mg per day, most preferably between 0.5 and 3mg per day.
• Metered dose inhalers are designed to deliver a fixed unit dosage of medicament per actuation or 'puff, for example in the. range of 25 to 500 ⁇ g medicament per actuation.
• the concentration of drug in the formulation will therefore typically be in the range 0.02% to 5% w/w.
• administration may be one or more inhalations (eg. 1 , 2, 3 or 4 inhalations) up to five times per day.
• Administration of medicament may be indicated for the treatment of mild, moderate or severe acute or chronic symptoms or for prophylactic treatment. It will be appreciated that the precise dose administered will depend upon the age and condition of the patient, the quantity and frequency of administration will ultimately be at the discretion of the attendant physician.
• the filled canisters and metered dose inhalers described herein comprise further aspects of the present invention.
• a still further aspect of the present invention comprises a method of treating respiratory disorders which comprises administration by inhalation of an effective amount of a formulation herein before described.
• the respiratory disorder will be asthma.
• Allergic rhinitis is also of interest.
• the formulation of the present invention will be delivered via the nasal route.
• a further aspect of the present invention comprises the use of a formulation herein before described in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of respiratory disorders, eg. asthma or allergic rhinitis.
• the resin was filtered and washed with dichloromethane (3 x 200ml), methanol (3 x 200ml), 10% water in DMF (2 x 200ml), 10% diisopropylethylamine in DMF (3 x 200ml), DMF (200ml), methanol (3 x 200ml) and dichloromethane (3 x 200ml).
• the resin was treated with 20% piperidine in DMF (180ml) and stirred for 1h at 20°C.
• the resin was filtered and washed with DMF (3 x 150ml), dichloromethane (3 x 150ml), DMF (3 x 150ml) and dichloromethane (3 x
• a slurry of the resin in dichloromethane (60ml) was treated with a solution of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (5.21 g) in dichloromethane (140ml) followed by morpholine (13ml). The mixture was stirred for 2h at 20°C then the resin was filtered and washed with dichloromethane (7 x 200ml).
• a slurry of the resin in dichloromethane (160ml) was treated with diisopropylethylamine (12.4ml) followed by 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (24.8g) in 3 portions at 5 minute intervals. The mixture was stirred for 1h at 20°C.
• the resin was filtered and washed with dichloromethane (3 x 200ml).
• the resin was treated with a solution of isonipecotamide (15.8g) in DMF (180ml) and the mixture was stirred for 1.5h at 20°C.
• the resin was filtered and washed with
• the resin was treated with 50% TFA in dichloromethane (200ml). After stirring for 1h at 20°C the resin was filtered and washed with dichloromethane (5 x 200 ml). The combined filtrate and washings were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was azeotroped with toluene (2 x 100ml) then triturated with ether (50ml) and the resulting white solid filtered. To this was added acetonitrile (150ml) and the mixture was heated to reflux. The resulting suspension was allowed to cool to 20°C and stirred for 18h.. The mixture was filtered to give the title compound as a white solid (4.9g).
• An aluminium canister was filled with a formulation as follows: (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy)phenyl]-2-[((2S)-4- methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid (prepared according to Example A) 1 % w/w ethanol 10 %
• Example 2 An aluminium canister was filled with a formulation as follows: (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy)phenyl]-2-[((2S)-4- methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid potassium salt (prepared according to Example B) 1 % w/w ethanol 10 %
• An aluminium canister was filled with a formulation as follows: (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy)phenyl]-2-[((2S)-4- methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid (prepared according to Example A) 3 % w/w ethanol 20 % glycerol 1.3% w/w
• An aluminium canister was filled with a formulation as follows: (2S)-3-[4-( ⁇ [4-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-piperidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ oxy)phenyl]-2-[((2S)-4- methyl-2- ⁇ [2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetyl]amino ⁇ pentanoyl)amino] propanoic acid potassium salt (prepared according to Example B) 3 % w/w ethanol 20 % glycerol 1.3% w/w 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane: to 100% in an amount suitable for 120 actuations and the canister was fitted with a metering valve.

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• 2000
  • 2000-06-16 GB GBGB0014881.7A patent/GB0014881D0/en not_active Ceased
• 2001
  • 2001-06-15 JP JP2002510103A patent/JP2004503505A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-06-15 AU AU2001264113A patent/AU2001264113A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-06-15 WO PCT/GB2001/002613 patent/WO2001095925A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-06-15 EP EP01938435A patent/EP1289539A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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