EP1280177A1 - Niederspannungschutzschalter - Google Patents
Niederspannungschutzschalter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1280177A1 EP1280177A1 EP01202800A EP01202800A EP1280177A1 EP 1280177 A1 EP1280177 A1 EP 1280177A1 EP 01202800 A EP01202800 A EP 01202800A EP 01202800 A EP01202800 A EP 01202800A EP 1280177 A1 EP1280177 A1 EP 1280177A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- circuit breaker
- low voltage
- voltage circuit
- conductive arm
- movable conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
- H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
- H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low-voltage circuit breaker, i.e. a circuit breaker for applications with operating voltages up to 1000 Volt.
- power circuit breakers operate with nominal currents varying over a wide range, and are devised to provide some performances which are essential for ensuring the correct operation of the electric power supply circuit that they protect, and of the loads connected thereto. For example, they protect the loads from abnormal events caused by malfunctions related to short circuits or due to overloads, by automatically opening said power supply circuit; they ensure that the nominal current for the various connected users is actually equal to the required one, et cetera.
- the kinematic chains of the prior art have a very large number of components, are mechanically complex and inherently complicated, thus rendering the whole circuit breaker quite bulky, heavy and cumbersome, and reducing its overall reliability; in addition, the amount of mechanical energy that the actuating elements must provide is proportional to the various levels of electrical performance of the circuit breaker in which they are used, for example breaking capacity for short circuits, nominal current, et cetera, and requires long and complicated testing and calibration operations.
- each movable contact on the corresponding fixed contact must be adequate and strong enough in order to have a correct electrical contact between the parts, to compensate uneven ageing of the contacts, and to avoid that possible electrodynamic forces cause undesired uncoupling during functioning; as a consequence, it is usually necessary to provide the kinematic chain with a mechanical block and to use additional contact-holding springs.
- a two arm contact lever for example of the rotary or fork type, is used; this lever is fixed to a rotary switching bar by means of an articulated connection, and requires the use of additional springs so as to give an uniform and correct distribution of the contact pressure between the contact surfaces of each phase, and to compensate non-homogeneous wear of the contact themselves.
- This solution clearly contributes to increase the complexity of the circuit breaker, as well as the manufacturing and assembly costs.
- the aim of the present invention is to realize a low voltage circuit breaker which allows to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks and disadvantages, and in particular, which has a simplified structure in comparison with known circuit breakers and ensures, at the same time, optimised performances.
- an object of the present invention is to realize a low-voltage circuit breaker in which the constructive architecture of the actuating system is considerably less complicated and requires a reduced number of components with respect to known circuit breakers.
- Another object of the present invention is to realize a low voltage circuit breaker which allows to execute opening/closing operations in an easier and more controlled way with respect to known circuit breakers, and whose reliability is improved.
- a further object of the present invention is to realize a low voltage circuit breaker which allows to reduce the manufacturing and assembling costs, as well as maintenance interventions required during its life.
- Another object of the present invention is to realize a low voltage circuit breaker which is highly reliable, relatively easy to manufacture and at competitive costs.
- a low voltage circuit breaker comprising a case which contains at least one fixed contact electrically connected to a terminal which is suitable for connection with an electric circuit, a movable conductive arm provided with at least one contact piece, and actuating means which are operatively connected to the movable conductive arm and supply the energy for moving it, characterized in that said actuating means comprise:
- the low voltage circuit breaker comprises a case (not shown), for example of the moulded type, which contains at least one fixed contact 2; the fixed contact 2 is electrically connected to a terminal of the circuit breaker which is connected to an electric circuit 3 in which the circuit breaker itself is inserted.
- a movable arm 4 made of conductive material, which is provided with at least one contact piece 5, and actuating means 10 which are operatively connected to the movable conductive arm 4 and supply the energy for moving it; further the conductive arm 4 is operatively connected to the circuit 3 by means of conducting means, for example a flexible braid 9.
- conducting means for example a flexible braid 9.
- the actuating means 10 comprise a piezoelectric motor 11 - i.e. a motor which comprises piezoelectric elements and whose operations are obtained by their electric excitement - which is mechanically linked to the movable conductive arm 4; further, the actuating means 10 comprise a command and control unit 30, preferably of electronic and programmable type, which, following an intervention command, drives the piezoelectric motor 11 so that it actuates the movable conductive arm 4 and allows electrical coupling/uncoupling of the contact piece 5 with respect to the corresponding contact piece of the fixed contact 2, in the way which will be described hereinafter; the intervention command can be provided for example, by a sensor which detects an electrical fault in the circuit, or by an operator who acts on a push button, or on an actuation lever of the circuit breaker.
- the intervention command can be provided for example, by a sensor which detects an electrical fault in the circuit, or by an operator who acts on a push button, or on an actuation lever of the circuit breaker.
- the piezoelectric motor 11 is an ultrasonic self-braking motor, i.e. a motor in which braking during manoeuvre is obtained thanks to the intrinsic structure of the motor itself, without using additional braking devices, and in which the exciting signals are in the ultrasonic frequency range.
- the use of a self-braking ultrasonic piezoelectric motor allows to realize a circuit breaker whose operations are executed in an easier and more controllable way, with negligible levels of electric power consumption required for moving the movable equipment and, above all, for keeping the circuit breaker in the desired position. Further, the ultrasonic piezoelectric motor allows to have a high torque-levels/weight ratio at low speed and relatively reduced response times, and to perform substantially noise-free operations.
- the piezoelectric motor 11 is an ultrasonic rotating self-braking motor
- the actuating means 10 further comprise a rotary switching bar 12 which is mechanically connected to the movable conductive arm 4; as illustrated in figure 2, the movable conductive arm 4 is mounted, and in particular directly fulcrumed on the rotary switching bar 12 transversal to the rotation axis 13 of the bar 12 itself, with the contact piece 5 positioned at its end portion.
- the body of the movable contact arm 4 can be realized with at least two substantially rigid portions 6 interconnected by means of a substantially flexible element 7, such as a flexible pivot obtainable by reducing the thickness of a portion of the arm 4 with respect to the surrounding parts; in this way, the movable conductive arm 4 is provided with a structural elasticity and, thanks also to the action of the motor which keeps the arm in position and pushes it against the fixed contact, the contact piece 5 is adequately pressed on the corresponding fixed contact 2. In this manner, it is possible to compensate ageing and non-homogeneous wear of the contact surfaces 5 and 2, to guarantee adequate electric contact between them, and definitely to increase the useful life of the circuit breaker.
- the body of the arm 4 can be realized in a single, substantially uniform body.
- the structure of the fixed contact 2 may be realized by means of two substantially rigid portions interconnected by a substantially flexible element, such as a flexible pivot obtainable as described above.
- FIG. 4 One example of a rotating self-braking piezoelectric motor, particularly suitable for application in the circuit breaker according to the invention, is shown in figure 4.
- the piezoelectric motor 11 comprises a stator unit and a rotor unit; the rotor unit comprises a metallic disc 15 which is structurally integral with the rotary switching bar 12; in this way, the rotary switching bar 12 constitutes the shaft of the motor 11 itself, according to a solution constructively simple and functionally effective.
- the rotary switching bar 12 constitutes the shaft of the motor 11 itself, according to a solution constructively simple and functionally effective.
- an additional bar connected to the shaft of the motor 11.
- a bearing 16 is associated to the rotary bar 12 in order to allow its rotation.
- the stator unit comprises a flange 17 to which the bearing 16 is connected, and an annular elastic disc 18 which is also connected to the flange 17 and has a base plate 19 and a teeth-shaped ring 20 which protrudes transversally, in particular in a perpendicular direction, from the base plate 19; according to the applications and/or specific needs, the teeth-shaped ring 20 can be positioned at the external edge of the base plate 19, as indicated in figure 4, or along an internal circumference.
- the stator unit also comprises at least one layer of piezoelectric material 21, for example of the PZT type, which is fixed, for instance glued, on the elastic disc 18; in particular, the layer of piezoelectric material 21 comprises a plurality of sectors 22 which are electrically excited by the command signals supplied by the command and control unit 30, for the purpose and in the way which will be described hereinafter.
- the layer of piezoelectric material 21 comprises a plurality of sectors 22 which are electrically excited by the command signals supplied by the command and control unit 30, for the purpose and in the way which will be described hereinafter.
- the motor 11 further comprises friction means 23, for example constituted by a layer of rubber, which are positioned interposed between the metallic disc 15 and the teeth-shaped ring 20, and retaining means;
- the retaining means can be constituted by a metallic elastic body 24 which is positioned on a face of the metallic disc 15 opposite to the annular elastic disc 18, and a nut 25 which is screwed to a threaded end of the bar 12 and allows keeping the various elements of the rotor packed on the stator.
- Damping means 26 constituted for example by a ring-shaped layer of rubber, are interposed between the retaining means and the face of the metallic disc 15 opposite to the annular elastic disc 18, so as to dampen undesired vibrations of the motor.
- the command and control unit 30 comprises sensing means 31 suitable for detecting a possible fault in the electric circuit, and control means 32 which supply electric signals for driving the motor 11; further, the unit 30 comprises an auxiliary energy-accumulation unit 33, constituted for example by one or more capacitors, for the purpose which will become more apparent hereinafter.
- the sensing means 31 detect a possible fault on the electric circuit 3, they output a signal to the control means 32; in turn, the control means 32 supply electric signals, i.e. voltage signals to the motor 11; the electric signals needed may be provided either by the circuit 3 or by a pre-stored power supply unit.
- the intervention signal may be also sent to the control means 32 by an operator who acts on the circuit breaker remotely or directly, so as to interrupt the current flowing in the circuit, for example for performing maintenance interventions.
- the electric signals are supplied to the piezoelectric sectors 22 and cause their electrical excitation; in particular, when using a piezoelectric rotating motor, adjacent pairs of piezoelectric sectors 22 are alternatively polarised, i.e. two adjacent sectors are both polarised in a direction perpendicular to the sectors themselves and in opposite directions to each other, and are fed with ultrasonic voltage signals, which are, for instance, about 90°-phase shifted with respect to each other.
- the piezoelectric sectors 22 vibrate with a 90° phase-shift and the vibrations are transmitted to the annular elastic disc 18; in turn, the annular elastic disc 18 vibrates too and, thanks to the teeth of the ring 20, the small vibrations produced by the piezoelectric sectors are conveniently amplified.
- the composition of the two 90°-shifted vibrations brings to the generation of travelling waves along the ring 20; by means of the friction means 23, the movement is transmitted to the metallic disc 15 and thus, the rotor is dragged into rotation thanks to the friction action. In this manner, the rotary switching bar 12 is driven into rotation together with the movable conductive arm 4 operatively connected therewith, so as the movable contact piece 5 uncouples electrically from the corresponding fixed contact 2.
- the sensing means 31 when re-closing the circuit breaker, if the fault detected by the sensing means 31 is still present on the circuit, the sensing means 31 output a signal to the control means 32 which, in this case, send a corresponding signal to the auxiliary energy-accumulation unit 33; in turn the unit 33 discharges and sends, in output, electric signals driving the motor 11. In this way, it is thus possible to perform the so-called "trip-free maneuver" in a simple and independent way from the main circuit.
- the movable conductive arm 4 is provided with two contact pieces 5 which are positioned on opposite sides of the movable conductive arm 4 itself, at the corresponding end portions, and symmetrically to each other with respect to the rotation axis 13; correspondingly, there are two fixed contacts 2 which are also positioned substantially symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 13.
- the double contact arm may be of the fork type.
- the body of the arm 4 can be advantageously realized with at least two substantially rigid portions 6 interconnected by means of a substantially flexible element 7, so as to have an elastic structure and compensate ageing and non-homogeneous wear of the contact surfaces 5 and 2, to guarantee adequate electric contact between them, and to increase the useful life of the circuit breaker.
- each phase of the electric circuit 3 at least a first fixed contact 2 and a movable conductive arm 4 provided with a first contact piece 5.
- the arms 4 are connected to the bar 12 transversally to its rotation axis 13, and the bar 12 is actuated, together with the arms 4, by a single piezoelectric motor 11, in the manner previously described.
- the piezoelectric motor 11 comprises a structural frame 29; two stacks of piezoelectric sectors 22 which are positioned in an elliptic metallic frame 27 which gives the necessary pre-stress to the stacks themselves and amplifies their displacements under excitation; a metallic mass 28 is interposed between the two stacks 22.
- the movable arm 4 can be directly coupled to the motor 11, or it may be mounted on the switching bar 12, as previously described, and mechanically linked to the motor by the interposition of coupling means; these coupling means, for example of the pinion-rack type, are suitable to transform the linear movement of the motor 11 into a rotating movement of the switching bar 12.
- adjacent layers of piezoelectric elements constituting the stacks 22 are alternatively polarised, i.e. two adjacent layers are both polarised in a direction perpendicular to the layers themselves and in opposite directions to each other, indicated by the arrows 34; during operations, the two stacks 22 are fed each with an ultrasonic voltage signal, the two signals being for instance about 45°-phase shifted with respect to each other.
- the piezoelectric stacks 22 deform and cause the vibration of the mass 28 in the direction of the arrows 34; as a consequence, the frame 27 vibrates and the composition of its vibrations brings to the generation of an elliptic motion and definitely to a translation of its portion 35; correspondingly, the movable arm 4, directly connected to the portion 35 translates together with the frame 27; if instead coupling means are used for connecting the arm 4 to the portion 35, the translation is transformed into a rotation of the switching bar 12. Also in this case, in order to invert the movement, it is sufficient to invert of 90° the phase of one of the two electric signals supplied to the piezoelectric sectors 22.
- the use of the actuating means as described, and specifically of the piezoelectric motor 11, allows to simplify the structure of the whole circuit breaker, and in particular to drastically reduce the mechanical equipment, thus realizing a circuit breaker which is smaller and lighter, has a reduced number of components, and with an improved reliability. Accordingly, the manufacturing and assembling costs, the relative calibration operations, and the maintenance interventions are considerably reduced.
- the low voltage circuit breaker thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept. All the details may also be replaced with other technically equivalent elements. In practice, the materials used, so long as they are compatible with the specific use, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to the requirements and to the state of the art.
Landscapes
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE60124693T DE60124693T2 (de) | 2001-07-23 | 2001-07-23 | Niederspannungsschutzschalter |
AT01202800T ATE346372T1 (de) | 2001-07-23 | 2001-07-23 | Niederspannungsschutzschalter |
EP01202800A EP1280177B1 (de) | 2001-07-23 | 2001-07-23 | Niederspannungsschutzschalter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01202800A EP1280177B1 (de) | 2001-07-23 | 2001-07-23 | Niederspannungsschutzschalter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1280177A1 true EP1280177A1 (de) | 2003-01-29 |
EP1280177B1 EP1280177B1 (de) | 2006-11-22 |
Family
ID=8180687
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01202800A Expired - Lifetime EP1280177B1 (de) | 2001-07-23 | 2001-07-23 | Niederspannungsschutzschalter |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1280177B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE346372T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60124693T2 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5170088A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1992-12-08 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Driving structure for electronic parts in a mechanism |
EP0612092A1 (de) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-08-24 | Schneider Electric Sa | Schutzschalter mit anpassbarer Fernbetätigungseinheit |
JPH1145649A (ja) * | 1997-07-28 | 1999-02-16 | Fujitsu Takamizawa Component Kk | 進行波型超音波継電器 |
-
2001
- 2001-07-23 DE DE60124693T patent/DE60124693T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-23 EP EP01202800A patent/EP1280177B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-23 AT AT01202800T patent/ATE346372T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5170088A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1992-12-08 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Driving structure for electronic parts in a mechanism |
EP0612092A1 (de) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-08-24 | Schneider Electric Sa | Schutzschalter mit anpassbarer Fernbetätigungseinheit |
JPH1145649A (ja) * | 1997-07-28 | 1999-02-16 | Fujitsu Takamizawa Component Kk | 進行波型超音波継電器 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 05 31 May 1999 (1999-05-31) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1280177B1 (de) | 2006-11-22 |
DE60124693D1 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
DE60124693T2 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
ATE346372T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
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