EP1279168A1 - Verfahren zur verbesserung der sprachqualität bei sprachübertragungsaufgaben - Google Patents
Verfahren zur verbesserung der sprachqualität bei sprachübertragungsaufgabenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1279168A1 EP1279168A1 EP01911752A EP01911752A EP1279168A1 EP 1279168 A1 EP1279168 A1 EP 1279168A1 EP 01911752 A EP01911752 A EP 01911752A EP 01911752 A EP01911752 A EP 01911752A EP 1279168 A1 EP1279168 A1 EP 1279168A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- stationarity
- opt2
- speech
- speech signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
- G10L19/08—Determination or coding of the excitation function; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters
- G10L19/083—Determination or coding of the excitation function; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters the excitation function being an excitation gain
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/78—Detection of presence or absence of voice signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
- G10L19/08—Determination or coding of the excitation function; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters
- G10L19/09—Long term prediction, i.e. removing periodical redundancies, e.g. by using adaptive codebook or pitch predictor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a method which is particularly suitable for the transmission of speech is the Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) method known from US 4133976.
- CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction
- the speech signal is encoded and transmitted in small time segments ("speech frame”, “frame”, “time segment”, “time segment”) each of approximately 5 ms to 50 ms in length.
- speech frame "frame”
- time segment "time segment”
- time segment each of approximately 5 ms to 50 ms in length.
- Each of these time segments is not represented exactly, but only by approximating the actual signal shape.
- the approximation describing the signal section is essentially obtained from three components that are used on the decoder side to reconstruct the signal: firstly, a filter that approximately describes the spectral structure of the respective signal section, secondly, a so-called excitation signal that is filtered by this filter and, thirdly, an amplification factor (“gain”) by which the excitation signal is multiplied before filtering.
- the amplification factor is responsible for the volume of the respective section of the reconstructed signal.
- the result of this filtering then represents the approximation of the signal piece to be transmitted.
- the information about the filter settings and the information about the excitation signal to be used and its scaling (“gain”), which describes the volume must be transmitted. In general, these parameters are obtained from different codebooks available to the encoder and decoder in identical copies, so that only the most suitable number is used for reconstruction
- Codebook entries must be transferred. When coding a speech signal, the most suitable codebook entries must be determined for each section, whereby all relevant codebook entries are searched in all relevant combinations, and those entries are selected that deliver the smallest deviation from the original signal in terms of a reasonable distance measure.
- the determination of the gain factor can also be sensibly implemented in various ways.
- the gain factor can in principle be approximated using two methods described below:
- Method 1 "waveform matching" With this method, the gain factor is calculated taking into account the waveform of the excitation signal from the code book. For the calculation, the deviation Ei between the original signal x, which is to be transmitted (in the representation as a vector) and the reconstructed signal g H c is minimized.
- g is the gain factor to be determined
- H is the matrix describing the filter operation
- c is also the most suitable excitation codebook vector to be determined, which has the same dimension as the target vector x.
- the optimal codebook vector c-opt is generally first determined. Then the optimal gain factor g is first calculated and then the matching codebook vector g-opt is determined. This calculation always delivers good values when the waveform of the excitation codebook vector filtered with H from the codebook matches the predefined waveform as closely as possible. This is e.g. B. with clear speech without background noise generally more often than with speech signals
- This method gives good values e.g. B. with little periodic signals, such as. B. may include voice signals that have a high background noise level.
- the gain values calculated according to Method 2 on the other hand, generally give worse values than Method 1 with low background noise.
- the optimal codebook entry g_opt that follows from method 1 is first determined, and then the quantized gain factor g_opt2 to be used, ie found in the codebook, is determined by minimizing the size E 3 :
- the weighting factor a is used to control the extent to which the result of method 1 or the result of method 2 is to be used. According to Eq. (1) Gain-eff2, calculated by minimizing E 3 , is then transmitted and used on the decoder side.
- weighting factor a for each signal section to be coded so that the calculation according to Eq. (1) or another minimization function in which a weighting between two methods is used, values that are as useful as possible are found.
- “sensible values” are values that are adapted as well as possible to the signal situation given in the current signal section. For example, for noise-free speech, a would have to be selected near 0, and with strong background noise, a would be close 1 to choose.
- the value of the weighting factor a is controlled via a periodicity measure, using the prediction gain as the basis for determining the periodicity of the present signal.
- the value of a to be used is determined from the specification of the periodicity measure which describes the current signal state and which is denoted by p via a fixed characteristic curve f (p).
- This characteristic curve is designed in such a way that it delivers a lower value for a for strongly periodic signals. This means that method 1 of "waveform matching," is preferred for strongly periodic signals. For less strong periodic signals, however, a higher value for a, ie closer to 1, is specified via f (p).
- the method according to the invention provides not only the periodicity Si of the signal for determining the
- Weighting factor but also the stationarity S to use the signal.
- further parameters which are characteristic of the signals present such as, for example, the continuous estimation of the interference level, can be taken into account when determining the weighting factor.
- the weighting factor a is therefore advantageously determined not only on the basis of the periodicity S1, but also from a plurality of parameters.
- N be the number of parameters or dimensions used. From the combination of the results of the individual measures, an improved, more robust determination of a can be made. This means that the value of a to be used is no longer made dependent on just one measure, but depends on a rule h on those describing the current signal state
- An exemplary implementation according to the invention would accordingly be seen in a system that on the one hand uses a periodicity measure Si and additionally also a stationarity measure S2. Due to the additional consideration of the stationarity S 2 of the signal z. B. the above-mentioned problem cases (onsets, noise) are better dealt with.
- the results of the periodicity measure Si and the stationarity measure S 2 are first calculated. Then according to Eq. (2) from the two dimensions the appropriate value for the Weighting factor a calculated. This value is then given in Eq. (1) used to determine the best value for the gain factor.
- a concrete way to implement the assignment rule h (S ⁇ ) is z. B. to use a number of K different characteristic curves h ⁇ (S ⁇ ) ... h k (S ⁇ ) and to control the characteristic curve hi (S ⁇ ) to be used in the present signal case via a parameter S 2 :
- the assignment rule h (.) Used in this case provides two different characteristic curves h ⁇ (S ⁇ ) and h 2 (S ⁇ ). The respective characteristic curve is selected in
- the parameter SI describes the voiceability (periodicity) of the signal.
- the information about the voicing results from the knowledge of the
- the parameter SI used is now obtained by forming the short-term mean of ⁇ over the last 10 signal sections ⁇ m cur -. Index of the current signal section):
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the dependence of the weighting factor a on Si.
- the shape of the characteristic curve therefore depends on the selection of the threshold values ai and ah as well as sli and sl.
- the selection of the characteristic curve hi or h 2 as a function of s 2 means that different threshold value combinations (ai, a h , sli, slh) are selected for different values of S 2 .
- the parameter S contains a statement about the
- the VAD is not optimized for an exact measurement of the speech pauses (as is usual), but for a classification of those signal sections that are considered stationary with regard to the determination of the gain factor.
- spectral distortion SD English: spectral distorsion
- the signal section under consideration is assumed to be non-spectrally stationary.
- the temporal steadiness is determined in a second stage, the decision thresholds of which depend on the detection of spectrally stationary signal sections of the first stage. If the present signal section has been classified as spectrally stationary by the first stage, then its envelope frequency response becomes
- L corresponds to the length of the signal section under consideration.
- the characteristic is flat and a has the value 1 regardless of sl.
- a dependency is also conceivable, in which a continuous parameter s (0 ⁇ , s2 ⁇ 1) contains a statement about the stationaryity S.
- a three-dimensional surface h (sl, s2), by which a is determined, takes the place of the different characteristics hi and h.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Machine Translation (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10020863 | 2000-04-28 | ||
| DE10020863 | 2000-04-28 | ||
| PCT/EP2001/002603 WO2001084541A1 (de) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-03-08 | Verfahren zur verbesserung der sprachqualität bei sprachübertragungsaufgaben |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1279168A1 true EP1279168A1 (de) | 2003-01-29 |
| EP1279168B1 EP1279168B1 (de) | 2007-07-25 |
Family
ID=7640221
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01911752A Expired - Lifetime EP1279168B1 (de) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-03-08 | Verfahren zur verbesserung der sprachqualität bei sprachübertragungsaufgaben |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7318025B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1279168B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE368280T1 (de) |
| DE (3) | DE10026872A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001084541A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10244699B4 (de) * | 2002-09-24 | 2006-06-01 | Voice Inter Connect Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Sprachaktivität |
| KR100463657B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-30 | 2004-12-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 음성구간 검출 장치 및 방법 |
| JP5552988B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-27 | 2014-07-16 | 富士通株式会社 | 音声帯域拡張装置および音声帯域拡張方法 |
| ES2758517T3 (es) | 2014-07-29 | 2020-05-05 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Estimación del ruido de fondo en las señales de audio |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3976863A (en) * | 1974-07-01 | 1976-08-24 | Alfred Engel | Optimal decoder for non-stationary signals |
| US4185168A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1980-01-22 | Causey G Donald | Method and means for adaptively filtering near-stationary noise from an information bearing signal |
| US4133976A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1979-01-09 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Predictive speech signal coding with reduced noise effects |
| FR2646978B1 (fr) | 1989-05-11 | 1991-08-23 | France Etat | Procede et installation a codage de signaux sonores |
| DE4020633A1 (de) * | 1990-06-26 | 1992-01-02 | Volke Hans Juergen Dr Sc Nat | Schaltungsanordnung zur zeitvariaten spektralanalyse elektrischer signale |
| US5579431A (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1996-11-26 | Panasonic Technologies, Inc. | Speech detection in presence of noise by determining variance over time of frequency band limited energy |
| ES2137355T3 (es) * | 1993-02-12 | 1999-12-16 | British Telecomm | Reduccion de ruido. |
| US5459814A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1995-10-17 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Voice activity detector for speech signals in variable background noise |
| SE501305C2 (sv) | 1993-05-26 | 1995-01-09 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Förfarande och anordning för diskriminering mellan stationära och icke stationära signaler |
| SE503547C2 (sv) | 1993-06-11 | 1996-07-01 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Anordning och förfarande för döljande av förlorade ramar |
| CA2124713C (en) | 1993-06-18 | 1998-09-22 | Willem Bastiaan Kleijn | Long term predictor |
| BE1007428A3 (nl) | 1993-08-02 | 1995-06-13 | Philips Electronics Nv | Transmissiesysteem met reconstructie van ontbrekende signaalmonsters. |
| FI100840B (fi) * | 1995-12-12 | 1998-02-27 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Kohinanvaimennin ja menetelmä taustakohinan vaimentamiseksi kohinaises ta puheesta sekä matkaviestin |
| US6427134B1 (en) | 1996-07-03 | 2002-07-30 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Voice activity detector for calculating spectral irregularity measure on the basis of spectral difference measurements |
| TW326070B (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1998-02-01 | Holtek Microelectronics Inc | The estimation method of the impulse gain for coding vocoder |
| DE19716862A1 (de) * | 1997-04-22 | 1998-10-29 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Sprachaktivitätserkennung |
| JP3017715B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-31 | 2000-03-13 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 音声再生装置 |
| JP4308345B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-21 | 2009-08-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | マルチモード音声符号化装置及び復号化装置 |
| US6192335B1 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2001-02-20 | Telefonaktieboiaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Adaptive combining of multi-mode coding for voiced speech and noise-like signals |
-
2000
- 2000-05-31 DE DE10026872A patent/DE10026872A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-31 DE DE10026904A patent/DE10026904A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-03-08 AT AT01911752T patent/ATE368280T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-08 WO PCT/EP2001/002603 patent/WO2001084541A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-08 EP EP01911752A patent/EP1279168B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-08 DE DE50112765T patent/DE50112765D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-08 US US10/258,023 patent/US7318025B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0184541A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10026904A1 (de) | 2002-01-03 |
| DE50112765D1 (de) | 2007-09-06 |
| DE10026872A1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
| US7318025B2 (en) | 2008-01-08 |
| EP1279168B1 (de) | 2007-07-25 |
| US20030105626A1 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
| WO2001084541A1 (de) | 2001-11-08 |
| ATE368280T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
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