EP1275250A1 - Procede et appareil permettant l'acces aleatoire a des images individuelles dans un flot de video chiffre - Google Patents

Procede et appareil permettant l'acces aleatoire a des images individuelles dans un flot de video chiffre

Info

Publication number
EP1275250A1
EP1275250A1 EP00930295A EP00930295A EP1275250A1 EP 1275250 A1 EP1275250 A1 EP 1275250A1 EP 00930295 A EP00930295 A EP 00930295A EP 00930295 A EP00930295 A EP 00930295A EP 1275250 A1 EP1275250 A1 EP 1275250A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transport packets
data
type
transport
packets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00930295A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nicol Chung Pang So
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arris Technology Inc
Original Assignee
Arris Technology Inc
General Instrument Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arris Technology Inc, General Instrument Corp filed Critical Arris Technology Inc
Publication of EP1275250A1 publication Critical patent/EP1275250A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2389—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
    • H04N21/23895—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving multiplex stream encryption
    • H04N21/23897—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving multiplex stream encryption by partially encrypting, e.g. encrypting only the ending portion of a movie
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2347—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving video stream encryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2387—Stream processing in response to a playback request from an end-user, e.g. for trick-play
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H04N21/47202—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
    • H04N7/1675—Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17318—Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17336—Handling of requests in head-ends

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an encrypted packetized data processing system.
  • the invention is particularly suited for use in a video-on-demand (VOD) system wherein motion control ("trick modes"), such as fast forward and fast reverse modes, are required.
  • VOD video-on-demand
  • VOD is an interactive video service typically provided over a point-to-multipoint distribution system, such as a cable television system.
  • a subscriber can order video (such as a movie, sport event or the like) or other types of content at any time, without adhering to a pre-defined showing schedule.
  • a full-function VOD system provides the subscriber with Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) -like motion control functions, such as pause (freeze frame) , fast forward, fast reverse, and slow reverse.
  • VCR Video Cassette Recorder
  • trick play variously known as trick play, trick mode, or motion control
  • video servers which are specialized high-capacity file servers .
  • the content is played from stored files upon purchase by a subscriber.
  • digital video content is typically packetized into fixed-size units. Such is that case in the popular PEG-2 standard (ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 ISO/IEC 13818) used in digital television.
  • a video server controller responds to motion control commands from set- top boxes and changes the way content is played back.
  • the video server will skip selected pictures to create a sped-up version of the video.
  • pictures in fast forward and fast reverse sequences are often extracted in real time from the normal video file, which contains all pictures in the movie or other program.
  • the first is to scan the main video file sequentially looking for starts of pictures .
  • the other method is to build an auxiliary index file to the start points of pictures in the main video file.
  • conditional access is implemented to deny access to services or content by unauthorized parties.
  • Conditional access requires a trustworthy mechanism for classifying users into different groups, and an enforcement mechanism for denying access to groups of unauthorized users.
  • Encryption is often used to control access to the content carried by carrier signals.
  • the conventional approach to encrypting content for VOD distribution is to have real-time encrypting devices on the delivery path between the video server and the subscribers . This approach works well when the number of subscribers is relatively small. However, as the number of subscribers increases, the number of encrypting devices and their physical space requirements become burdensome.
  • pre-encryption An alternative to real-time encryption of VOD content is off-line, pre-encryption.
  • video content is processed and encrypted before it is loaded into video servers.
  • the advantage of pre- encryption is that it removes the need for encrypting devices on the video delivery path, thus making VOD service substantially less expensive and more scalable.
  • the pre-encryption can be done centrally at a content preparation site, which is separate from the locations (headends) at which the VOD service is deployed. Once video is pre-encrypted at the central site, the same encrypted copies can be distributed to multiple headends where VOD is deployed.
  • VOD content creates a problem: it interferes with the detection of the location of the starting point of individual pictures in a video file.
  • video servers do not have the capability or authorization to decrypt pre-encrypted video content. As a result, they cannot locate individual pictures in an encrypted video file just by scanning the file.
  • a similar problem is confronted when the encrypted content is stored at a decoder prior to display, where it is time consuming and computationally intensive to have to decrypt all of the pictures to locate specific pictures.
  • the system should enable random access to individual pictures in an encrypted video file for use in modes such as fast forward, fast reverse, pause, resume, slow motion (forward or reverse) , frame-by-frame or other incremental frame advance or scan (e.g., advancing N frames at a time, where N>1) , and the like.
  • the system should allow a secure video-on-demand system to be deployed at a reduced cost.
  • the system should be compatible with packetized data communication schemes, such as MPEG-2.
  • the invention should be compatible with a user device that stores an encrypted video file, such as a personal video recorder (PVR) , personal computer hard disk or the like.
  • PVR personal video recorder
  • the present invention provides a system having the above and other advantages .
  • the present invention relates to an encrypted packetized data processing system.
  • a particular method for providing at least partially encrypted packetized data includes the step of receiving input digital data from a data source, such as a video server.
  • the input digital data includes a plurality of encoded data segments with respective data headers, such as found in an MPEG-compatible Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) packet.
  • PES Packetized Elementary Stream
  • the input digital data is subdivided for transport in successive transport packets such that at least two types of transport packets are provided, including a first type that includes at least a portion of an associated data header, and a second type that includes at least a portion of an associated encoded data segment but does not include any portion of the data headers .
  • the second type of transport packets are encrypted, while leaving the first type of transport packets unencrypted.
  • Identifiers are provided for the respective transport packets to indicate whether the respective transport packet is encrypted or unencrypted. This allows the transport packets with the header data to be randomly accessed from a memory, which is particularly advantageous for performing "trick modes", such as fast forward and fast reverse, e.g., in a video- on-demand service. If a packet includes header data, it is suitable for use in a trick mode since it provides data from the start of a video, audio or other data packet .
  • a method for decoding at least partially encrypted packetized data includes the step of receiving successive transport packets from a transport stream.
  • the transport packets are formed by subdividing digital data that includes a plurality of encoded data segments with respective data headers into a first, encrypted type that includes at least a portion of an associated data header, and a second, unencrypted type that includes at least a portion of an associated encoded data segment but does not include any portion of the data headers .
  • Identifiers are provided for the respective transport packets to indicate whether the respective transport packet is encrypted or unencrypted.
  • the transport packets are stored in a storage device, and the identifiers are used to randomly access the first type of transport packets from the storage device without performing decryption. For example, a personal video recorder or other user device that stores the partially encrypted transport packets may be used. The packets are subsequently decrypted when the user desires to view the data.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the formation of transport packets in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an encoder in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a user device/decoder in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to an encrypted packetized data processing system.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the formation of transport packets in accordance with the present invention.
  • Video information is digitized and compressed before being encoded.
  • the compression can be considered part of the encoding.
  • Compressed video from a program 100 is divided into variable-length units called Packetized Elementary
  • PES packets 105 and 110 each of which contains a variable number of encoded pictures.
  • the PES packet 105 includes encoded pictures 119, 121, . . . , 124.
  • the example PES packet 105 has a header 116 and a payload portion 117.
  • each picture in the PES packet 105 is prefixed by a header containing information about the picture.
  • the picture 119 has a header 118
  • the picture 121 has a header 120
  • the picture 124 has a header 123.
  • PES packets are further broken down into fixed-length units called transport packets, such as transport packets 130, 140 and 150.
  • transport packets such as transport packets 130, 140 and 150.
  • each transport packets comprises 188 bytes.
  • the PES packet length is much larger than the size of a transport stream packet .
  • Each transport packet has a header and a payload portion.
  • the header of a transport packet contains, among other information, two transport scrambling control bits, which indicates the encryption (scrambling) status of the packet.
  • the scrambling control bits are designated by the field
  • transport_scrambling_control A scrambling control value of "00" indicate the transport packet is not scrambled, while the values "01", “10", and “11” can be user-defined.
  • the value "11” is used herein as an example to designate a scrambled or encrypted transport packet .
  • Any type of analogous scheme may be used to indicate the encryption status of a transport packet.
  • the transport packet 130 includes a header 131, scrambling control bits 132 (which indicate an unencrypted transport packet), and a payload 133.
  • the transport packet 140 includes a header 141, scrambling control bits 142 (which indicate an encrypted transport packet), and a payload 143.
  • the transport packet 150 includes a header 151, scrambling control bits 152 (which indicate an unencrypted transport packet) , and a payload 153.
  • Each transport packet is formed by subdividing the contents of successive portions of a PES packet.
  • the payload 133 of the transport packet 130 comprises the PES header 116, picture header 118, and a portion of the picture data 119 of the PES payload 117.
  • the payload 143 of the transport packet 140 comprises a successive portion of the picture data 119 of the PES payload 117.
  • the payload 153 of the transport packet 150 comprises the picture header 120, and a portion of the picture data 121 of the PES payload 117, and so on.
  • FIG. 1 is shown in simplified form since, in practice, the data from one picture is usually carried in the payloads of several transport packets . Moreover, the amount of picture data (e.g., fields 119, 121, 124) is often much larger than the amount of the corresponding picture header data (e.g., fields 118, 120, 123, respectively) . As a result, the majority of the transport packets will carry only picture data but no picture header data, thereby resulting in most transport packets being encrypted, with relatively few transport packets being unencrypted. Thus, an unauthorized user who tunes to the mostly-encrypted program will not be able to watch the program with appreciable understanding.
  • the transport packets are assembled into a transport stream and transmitted to a user terminal (e.g., set-top box) typically via a satellite, cable or hybrid fiber/cable network, although communication via essentially any network, such as a computer network is also possible.
  • a user terminal e.g., set-top box
  • the transport stream may be provided to one or more headends before being provided to the user terminal .
  • the data can be prepared at a central preparation site, such as by a national supplier, at a headend, or each content vendor can arrange for its own content preparation, e.g., according to any special needs of its equipment.
  • a transport stream is a multiplex formed by interleaving transport packets belonging to one or more programs .
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an encoder in accordance with the present invention.
  • the encoder 200 comprises equipment for performing selective packet encryption.
  • the depicted equipment may be located at a central content preparation site or at a headend, for example.
  • the present invention overcomes the problem of locating picture start points caused by the use of pre- encryption. This is achieved, as discussed, by leaving selected (transport stream) packets unencrypted in a video file.
  • the equipment set-up 200 to achieve this includes one or more digital video sources 210, a preprocessing workstation 215 for generating auxiliary data files and for labeling selected packets for encryption, an encryption device 220, an encryption device controller 205, an optional post-processing workstation 225 for processing encrypted video (e.g., to adjust timing information that may be perturbed by the encryption process) , and a storage device 230 for storing the processed data prior to providing it to a headend or end user.
  • the digital video source 210 for generating auxiliary data files and for labeling selected packets for encryption
  • an encryption device 220 for generating auxiliary data files and for labeling selected packets for encryption
  • an encryption device controller 205 for processing encrypted video (e.g., to adjust timing information that may be perturbed by the encryption process)
  • a storage device 230 for storing the processed data prior to providing it to a headend or end user.
  • the digital video source e.g., the digital video source
  • the 210 supplies the digital video stream to be encrypted.
  • the video source may be a digital video encoder, or a file server playing back pre-encoded video files.
  • the digital video stream is fed into the pre-processing workstation 215, whose main function is to identify and label transport packets for encryption.
  • a packet is selected for encryption if it contains no picture header or portion thereof, and therefore need not be examined by the video server during motion control (trick modes) .
  • Transport packets selected for encryption are labeled by having the transport scrambling control bits set to some special value (e.g., "11").
  • Packets to be left unencrypted are similarly labeled, using a different special value (e.g. "00").
  • the pre-processing step may optionally generate auxiliary data files used in the delivery of VOD services.
  • Encryption of the pre-processed video stream is performed by the encryption device 220 under the control of the device controller 205, which is, in turn, responsive to encryption control parameters .
  • Any suitable encryption scheme may be used.
  • the encryption control parameters may include, e.g., information related to the program being encrypted, or the particular encryption session, or both.
  • the encryption device 220 examines the transport scrambling control bits of each transport packet. Packets with those two bits set to, e.g., "00" are left unencrypted, while packets with the bits set to, e.g., "ii" are encrypted.
  • the output of the encryption device 220 which comprises a selectively-encrypted video stream, is optionally put through a post-processing stage (e.g., workstation 225) before being stored in the storage device 230.
  • Post-processing may or may not be needed depending on the design and implementation of the VOD service equipment.
  • a video server scans the transport packets in a video file sequentially.
  • the transport scrambling control bits in each transport packet headers indicate whether the packet is encrypted. If a packet is encrypted, it can be inferred that it contains no picture header. If a packet is unencrypted, the payload can be examined to locate the picture header.
  • a video server can still read other kinds of information embedded in a pre-encrypted video file, such as private data in an adaptation field of a transport packet header .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a user device/decoder in accordance with the present invention.
  • the program content can be temporarily stored at a user device/decoder prior to playing.
  • the device may be a personal video recorder or other terminal or appliance in a user's home, or even a portable unit carried by the user or used in an automobile.
  • a storage device containing the programming may be purchased or rented for subsequent re-play by the user. Under a purchase scenario, the user may enjoy unlimited replays, while under a rental scenario, a fixed number of replays or an expiration date may be enforced.
  • the user may be given the option of storing the transport stream prior to playing.
  • the user device/decoder 300 can be provided with the capability for providing motion control (e.g., trick modes) .
  • the decoder 300 may include a demultiplexer (demux) 302 that receives a transport stream with the encrypted and unencrypted transport packets, such as those previously stored at the storage device 230 in FIG. 2, and optionally other programming services .
  • a demultiplexer demux
  • Other necessary components e.g., for demodulation, error correction, synchronization and the like are not shown, but should be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the demux 302 extracts the encrypted and unencrypted packets that belong to a particular program.
  • the extracted stream of packets either is stored in the memory 310, or is provided to a second demux 305, which separates the encrypted transport packets from the unencrypted transport packets.
  • a second demux 305 which separates the encrypted transport packets from the unencrypted transport packets.
  • an entire movie or the like may be stored in the memory 310 for subsequent retrieval and motion control.
  • the memory 310 is analogous to the storage device 230 of FIG. 2.
  • the demux 305 includes a scrambling control bit identifier/detector 306 that identifies the scrambling control bits of each transport packet to determine if the packet is encrypted or unencrypted.
  • a control 335 such as a central processing unit (CPU) , provide oversight of the various functions in the decoder 300.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • a user interface 340 receives commands from a user, e.g., via a hand-held remote control, to view the content in a regular play mode or in a trick mode. In response to this request, the interface 340 provides a corresponding signal to the control 335, which commands the memory 310 to output the packets to the demux 305.
  • a video/audio/data processing function 320 receives unencrypted packets from the decryptor 315 and demux 305. The data from the function 320 is provided to an output device 325, such as a television, personal computer, speakers, and so forth.
  • the output device 325 may provide a graphical user interface (GUI) or other mechanism to assist the user in playing the programming content in a normal or trick mode.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • An optional upstream transmitter 330 transmits a user request, such as an order for VOD programming, to a headend or other network control facility.
  • the user request may travel over the same or different channel from which the transport stream was received.
  • the present invention provides a system for providing conditional access to packetized picture, audio or other data.
  • the system selectively encrypts packetized data such that transport packets that include header data are unencrypted, while all other transport packets that do not include header data are encrypted.
  • This allows the transport packets with the header data to be randomly accessed from a memory, which is particularly advantageous for performing trick modes, such as fast forward and fast reverse, e.g., in a video on demand service.
  • transport scrambling and control bits for each packet can be accessed to determine whether the packet is encrypted, and consequently, whether the packet includes header data.
  • a packet includes header data, it is suitable for use in a trick mode since it provides data from the start of a video, audio or other data packet.
  • the selectively encrypted transport packets need not be transmitted to a subscriber terminal, but may be provided in a storage device for subsequent retrieval by a user, such as in a personal video recorder (PVR) .
  • PVR personal video recorder

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système permettant l'accès conditionnel à des données paquetisées d'images (vidéo), audio ou autres. Le système chiffre de manière sélective les données paquetisées (105) de sorte que les paquets de transport (130, 150) qui comprennent des données d'en-tête (131, 151) sont décryptés, tandis que tous les autres paquets de transport (140, 141) qui ne comportent pas de données d'en-tête sont cryptés. Cela permet l'accès direct aux paquets de transport comportant les données d'en-tête (130, 150) à partir d'une mémoire (230, 310), ce qui constitue un avantage pour effectuer des contrôles de mouvement, tels que d'avance rapide ou de retour rapide, par exemple, dans un service de vidéo à la demande. Lorsque les paquets de transport on été cryptés de manière sélective et mémorisés, on peut avoir l'accès aux bits de brouillage et de commande (132, 142, 152) pour chaque paquet (130, 140, 150) en vue de déterminer si le paquet est crypté, et par conséquent si le paquet comporte des données d'en-tête. Si un paquet comporte des données d'en-tête, on peut l'utiliser dans un mode de contrôle de commande étant donné qu'il fournit des données depuis le début d'un paquet de données vidéo, audio ou autres.
EP00930295A 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Procede et appareil permettant l'acces aleatoire a des images individuelles dans un flot de video chiffre Withdrawn EP1275250A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2000/011891 WO2002015579A1 (fr) 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Procede et appareil permettant l'acces aleatoire a des images individuelles dans un flot de video chiffre

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EP1275250A1 true EP1275250A1 (fr) 2003-01-15

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EP (1) EP1275250A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20020091254A (fr)
CN (1) CN1452840A (fr)
AU (1) AU2000248144A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2408232C (fr)
WO (1) WO2002015579A1 (fr)

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KR20020091254A (ko) 2002-12-05
CA2408232C (fr) 2008-01-15

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