EP1269784A2 - Handover in a packet switched wireless communications network - Google Patents

Handover in a packet switched wireless communications network

Info

Publication number
EP1269784A2
EP1269784A2 EP01914314A EP01914314A EP1269784A2 EP 1269784 A2 EP1269784 A2 EP 1269784A2 EP 01914314 A EP01914314 A EP 01914314A EP 01914314 A EP01914314 A EP 01914314A EP 1269784 A2 EP1269784 A2 EP 1269784A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base station
mobile station
packet
handover
target base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01914314A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1269784B1 (en
Inventor
Susanne Ahlstrand
Lars Tedenvall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Publication of EP1269784A2 publication Critical patent/EP1269784A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1269784B1 publication Critical patent/EP1269784B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of wireless communications; and, more specifically, to a method for performing a handover between two cells in a packet switched wireless system.
  • IP Internet protocols
  • GPRS is a packet switched system that uses the same physical carrier structure as the present GSM cellular communications system, and that is designed to coexist with and to provide the same coverage as GSM.
  • GPRS radio interface is thus based on a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) structured system with 200 kHz carriers divided into eight timeslots with GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) modulation.
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • GMSK Gausian Minimum Shift Keying
  • the GPRS specifications include a number of different coding schemes to be used depending on the quality of the radio carrier. With GPRS, data rates well over 100 kbps will be possible.
  • EDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
  • GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
  • 8PSK 8-symbol Phase Shift Keying
  • TDMA/136 the cellular communication system compliant to the ANSI/136 standard, hereinafter referred to as TDMA/136, has focused on a packet data system to be integrated with the TDMA/136 circuit switched mode.
  • This packet data system will also be based on the new EDGE technology as defined for the GPRS extension. It will then allow TDMA/136 operators with a packet data mode to provide data rates up to 384 kbps on 200 kHz carriers with GMSK and 8PSK modulation as defined for EGPRS.
  • a packet switched connection is traditionally designed for delay-insensitive data; and, therefore, it is not as straightforward to establish and maintain a packet switched connection for voice communications.
  • Several changes must be made in a packet data system designed for "best-effort" data in order to make it feasible for use in delay sensitive applications such as, for example, voice communications.
  • One important area that requires change is the handover between two cells, i.e. when the mobile station (MS) for any reason needs to establish a connection to another cell different from the cell currently being used.
  • MS mobile station
  • GPRS there exists no handover, only cell reselection. Handover implies a seamless transfer from one cell to another during an ongoing data transfer.
  • GPRS cell reselection on the other hand, the mobile station disconnects from the old cell before it has new resources allocated in the new cell. This could be compared to cell selection in an idle mode in GSM.
  • the cell reselection decision is made by the mobile station.
  • the mobile station in packet transfer mode measures the signal strength on its own and on neighboring cells.
  • the locating algorithm is in the mobile station, i.e., no measurement reports are sent to the network.
  • the mobile station stops listening to the old cell and starts to read necessary system information in the new cell.
  • the mobile station then accesses the new cell and sends a cell update to the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) .
  • the SGSN receives the cell update and discovers that there was already an ongoing downlink packet transfer.
  • the SGSN sends a flush message, containing the addresses of the serving and target cells and the identity of the mobile station, to the PCU (Packet Control Unit) responsible for the old cell.
  • PCU Packet Control Unit
  • unacknowledged LLC Logical Link Control
  • GSM 04.60 Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) ; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) ; Mobile Station (MS) -Base Station System (BSS) interface; Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) protocol, v.6.2.0", GSM 05.08: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) ; Radio Subsystem link control, v.6.2.0" and 3G TS 23.060: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2 v 3.2.1” hereby incorporated by reference .
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • Service description Stage 2 v 3.2.1
  • the cell change and the LLC moving procedure in packet transfer mode interrupts the transfer by approximately 1-5 seconds, depending on how quickly the mobile station can acquire the full set of system information. This interruption time exceeds the interruption time requirement for speech (100-150 ms) considerably.
  • a handover procedure that allocates resources in advance, for example, as in GSM, is required.
  • resources in the target cell are allocated in advance before the mobile station leaves the old cell.
  • Information about the frequency, timeslot and output power the mobile station should use is sent in the handover command.
  • the mobile station is thus guaranteed resources in the target cell.
  • the mobile station accesses the target cell and receives timing advance information from the target BSS (Base Station System) .
  • the handover is controlled by the network, and the mobile station sends measurement reports continuously (two reports every second) on the Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) .
  • SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
  • the present invention provides a handover procedure for the packet switched domain in order to properly support delay sensitive services, such as voice over IP.
  • a method for handover of a mobile station from a serving base station to a target base station in a packet switched wireless communications system.
  • resources are allocated and assigned between the mobile station and the target base station while maintaining connection of the mobile station to the serving base station; and, thereafter, disconnecting the mobile station from the serving base station and connecting the mobile station to the target base station.
  • the mobile station because resources are initially allocated and assigned in the target cell, the mobile station does not need to use the common control channel, which is a common resource for all users in a cell, to send access messages to the target cell.
  • resources are allocated in the uplink and/or downlink direction, between the mobile station and the base station while maintaining the connection between the mobile station and the serving base station, such that a mobile station may re-establish its connection to the network via the target base station in a substantially seamless manner without interrupting an ongoing data transmission session through the connection to the network via the serving base station.
  • the data transmission session may, therefore, be a time sensitive transmission such as, for example, a voice communication session.
  • resources in the target cell are allocated and assigned via the serving cell. More specifically, the mobile station is given necessary information about the new cell, whereby the mobile station is able to immediately transmit information to the network without using the common control channel, shared by all users in a cell.
  • the mobile station uses parts of a traffic channel to transmit necessary information to the network in order to calculate physical parameters .
  • the communications system comprises a GPRS/EGPRS system
  • the mobile station uses a Packet DataChannel (PDCH) ; and specifically, the Packet Associated Control Channel (PACCH) to access the target cell.
  • PDCH Packet DataChannel
  • PACCH Packet Associated Control Channel
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates a cellular pattern in an exemplary cellular communications system
  • Figure 2 schematically illustrates the architecture of a packet switched system
  • Figure 3 illustrates a handover procedure for a circuit switched system
  • Figure 4 illustrates the handover procedure for a packet switched system according to a presently preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates a cellular pattern, generally designated by reference number 2, according to a GSM or GPRS/EGPRS communications system.
  • Frequencies are typically planned to be used in a certain area, i.e., a first cell, and then re-used in another area, i.e., a second cell, that is distant from the first cell .
  • the planning of frequencies aims to introduce sufficient re-use distance such that communication on, e.g., frequency FI in one cell 4 does not interfere with communication on the same frequency FI in another cell 6.
  • a theoretical 1/3 reuse is illustrated where frequencies FI, F2 and F3 are evenly distributed throughout a coverage area, with each frequency serving a sub-area, or cell.
  • the 1/3 reuse indicates that there are 3 different frequencies that are repeated throughout the coverage area.
  • the frequencies may be planned in any reuse, depending on how much spectrum is available. It may also differ within a system, depending on topology and geographical conditions, for example.
  • timeslots are also reused to achieve a two-dimensional reuse, both a frequency and a time re-use.
  • mobile equipment i.e., a mobile station (MS) 10 is illustrated as communicating in one cell 16 with a base station (BS) 12.
  • the MS may continuously measure on surrounding base stations, e.g., BS 14, to find a candidate BS with which to make a handover, in a situation when the serving base station 12 cannot sufficiently maintain the communication. This may happen, e.g., when the mobile station is traveling away from a serving base station 12 and approaching another base station. Measurements may be reported to the network via the serving BS 12, and a handover decision may be made in the network.
  • the measurement reports may contain signal strength or quality measurements like BER (bit error rate) or (BLER) block error rate.
  • the mobile station measures on the connection from the network towards the mobile station.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the architecture for a packet switched system such as GPRS.
  • Information packets from an external network 22 will enter the GPRS network at a GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) 24.
  • the packets are then routed from the GGSN 24 via the backbone network 26 to a SGSN 28 that is serving the area in which the addressed GPRS mobile station (36) resides.
  • the packets are routed to the correct BSS (Base Station System) 30, in a dedicated GPRS transmission.
  • BSS Base Station System
  • a GPRS register may or may not be integrated with an HLR (Home Location register) of the GSM system (The HLR and GPRS register are illustrated at 32 in Figure 2) .
  • Subscriber data may be interchanged between the SGSN 28 and MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center) 34 (which may be coupled to a Visitor Location Register (VLR) ) to ensure service interaction, such as, for example, restricted roaming .
  • MSC Mobile Services Switching Center
  • FIG 3 schematically illustrates the handover procedure 40 for a circuit switched GSM system.
  • the serving BSS 43 advises the MSC 41 that a handover is required (HO Required 61) , the MSC requests a handover from the target BSS 44 (HO Request 62) and the target BSS acknowledges the request (HO Req ack 63) .
  • resources in the target cell are allocated in advance before the mobile station leaves the old cell.
  • Information about the frequency, timeslot and output power the mobile station should use is sent in the handover command (HO Command 64,65) from the MSC 41 to the mobile station 42 via the serving BSS 43. The mobile station is thus guaranteed resources in the target cell.
  • the mobile station 42 accesses the target cell (HO Access 66) and receives timing advance information from the target BSS 44.
  • the target BSS 44 notifies the MSC 41 that the handover has been detected (HO Detect 67) and the mobile station sends a handover complete message (HO Complete 68,69) to the MSC via the target BSS.
  • the handover is controlled by the network and the mobile station sends measurement reports continuously (two reports every second) on the Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) .
  • SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
  • Figure 4 illustrates the handover procedure 50 for the packet switched domain; specifically, for a GPRS/EGPRS based packet data communications system according to a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the network knows that a handover has to be performed (this can, for example, be done by using the Packet SACCH (PSACCH) as described above and let the network make the handover decision based on the measurement reports received from the mobile station) , and that the target cell is identified.
  • PSACCH Packet SACCH
  • the serving BSS 52 serving a mobile station 51, sends a Packet Handover Required (PHO Required 71) to the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) 54, and the SGSN starts negotiating with the target BSS 56 for resources in order to fulfill the QoS-requirement (Quality of Service) for the flows concerned. If resources in the target BSS 56 are available according to the Packet Handover Request (PHO Request 72) , Packet Handover Accepted (PHO Req accepted 73) is sent to the SGSN 54 from the target BSS.
  • PHO Request 72 Packet Handover Request 72
  • PHO Req accepted 73 Packet Handover Accepted
  • QoS-parameters such as delay and throughput requirements) in the serving cell is transmitted to the target cell.
  • the BSS context in the serving cell is then deleted when handover is successfully performed.
  • a Packet Handover Command (PHO Cmd 74,75) is sent from the SGSN to the mobile station 51 via the serving BSS 52.
  • the Packet Handover Command may contain frequency, BSIC, a reduced Packet Uplink Assignment and/or a reduced Packet Downlink Assignment message.
  • the Handover Command is received at the mobile station, the mobile station then tunes to the target cell. Up to this time, as shown in Figure 4, normal operation is maintained between the mobile station and the serving base station such that, for example, an ongoing data transfer between the mobile station and the network through the serving base station will not be interrupted.
  • a modified Packet Polling Request is included in the Packet Handover Command.
  • the mobile station responds with a Packet Control acknowledgment ( Packet Control ack 76) (sent in four identical access bursts) transmitted on the PACCH on the new frequency to the target base station.
  • Packet Control ack 76 (sent in four identical access bursts) transmitted on the PACCH on the new frequency to the target base station.
  • the SGSN 54 is sent a packet handover detect signal (Packet HO Detect 77) whereupon the network sends a Packet Power Control/Timing Advance message (Packet PC/TA 78) , also sent on the PACCH to the mobile station.
  • Packet PC/TA 78 Packet Power Control/Timing Advance message
  • transmission can be restarted in the new cell; i.e. , normal operation is re-established between the mobile station and the network via the target base station as is shown in Figure 4.
  • the mobile station may acquire system information and the remaining parts of the Packet Uplink and/or Downlink Assignment messages .
  • the present invention provides a handover procedure for packet switched communications systems that is similar to that used in circuit switched systems; while, at the same time, using the current EGPRS standard, for example, the Packet Control ack and the PC/TA messages, as much as possible.
  • the messages mentioned above are further described in GSM 04.60 (already incorporated by reference) .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A method for performing a handover of a mobile station (10, 51) from a serving base station to a target base station (14, 56) in a packet switched wireless communications system. In the method, resources are allocated and assigned between the mobile station (10, 51) and the target base station (14, 56) while maintaining connection of the mobile station (10, 51) to a network of the communications system through the serving base station (12, 52) so that the mobile station (10, 51) may thereafter re-establish connection to the network through the target base station (14, 56) without interruption of an ongoing data transfer session. The invention provides for a substantially seamless handover in a packet switched wireless system, such as a GPRS/EGPRS system, so as to enable the system to effectively support delay sensitive services such as voice communications.

Description

HA DOVER IN A PACKET SWITCHED WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application S.N. 60/192,686 filed on March 28, 2000.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of wireless communications; and, more specifically, to a method for performing a handover between two cells in a packet switched wireless system.
Description of the Prior Art
Recently, there has been a trend in the telecommunications community to focus more and more on wireless packet data communications rather than wireless circuit switched communications. With the tremendous increase of Internet users, and usage of Internet protocols (IP) ; it is believed that packet switched communications will soon become larger than the circuit switched communications that today dominates, for example, the cellular communications field.
Cellular communications system manufacturers and operators are, accordingly, searching for solutions that will be effective in integrating their existing circuit switched services with wireless packet switched services; and that can provide reliable and more spectrum efficient connections for packet switched users such as Internet users. This trend has made different types of packet switched communications system evolutions flourish; and one of the better known packet switched cellular systems in the telecommunications community, is an extension of the present GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) cellular communications system called GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) .
GPRS is a packet switched system that uses the same physical carrier structure as the present GSM cellular communications system, and that is designed to coexist with and to provide the same coverage as GSM. GPRS radio interface is thus based on a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) structured system with 200 kHz carriers divided into eight timeslots with GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) modulation. The multiplexing is such that multiple users can be allocated on the same timeslot, and utilize resources only when data needs to be transmitted. A single user can also be allocated multiple timeslots to increase the user's throughput of data over the air.
The GPRS specifications include a number of different coding schemes to be used depending on the quality of the radio carrier. With GPRS, data rates well over 100 kbps will be possible.
In addition, a new air interface mode in GSM has recently been developed which affects both packet and circuit switched modes. This new air interface mode is called EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) , and its main features are new modulation and coding schemes for both packet switched and circuit switched data communications. In EDGE, in addition to Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation, which today is used in both GPRS and GSM circuit switched modes, an 8-symbol Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) modulation is introduced. This modulation can provide users with higher data rates than GMSK in good radio environments. The packet switched data mode with EDGE modulation is called EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) , and the circuit switched data mode with EDGE modulation is called ECSD, (Enhanced
Circuit Switched Data) . With EGPRS and 8PSK modulation, data rates of over 384 kbps will be possible.
Recent developments relating to another TDMA based cellular system, the cellular communication system compliant to the ANSI/136 standard, hereinafter referred to as TDMA/136, has focused on a packet data system to be integrated with the TDMA/136 circuit switched mode. This packet data system will also be based on the new EDGE technology as defined for the GPRS extension. It will then allow TDMA/136 operators with a packet data mode to provide data rates up to 384 kbps on 200 kHz carriers with GMSK and 8PSK modulation as defined for EGPRS.
While the evolution of cellular packet data communications previously has focused on developing a system that efficiently utilizes resources to transfer delay-insensitive data (often referred to as best-effort data) , the focus is presently shifting towards delay sensitive transmissions and higher quality of service requirements, with the main application being voice communications .
While it is today rather straightforward to establish and maintain a circuit switched connection for voice communications, a packet switched connection is traditionally designed for delay-insensitive data; and, therefore, it is not as straightforward to establish and maintain a packet switched connection for voice communications. Several changes must be made in a packet data system designed for "best-effort" data in order to make it feasible for use in delay sensitive applications such as, for example, voice communications. One important area that requires change is the handover between two cells, i.e. when the mobile station (MS) for any reason needs to establish a connection to another cell different from the cell currently being used. In the current GPRS, there exists no handover, only cell reselection. Handover implies a seamless transfer from one cell to another during an ongoing data transfer. In GPRS cell reselection, on the other hand, the mobile station disconnects from the old cell before it has new resources allocated in the new cell. This could be compared to cell selection in an idle mode in GSM.
The cell reselection decision is made by the mobile station. The mobile station in packet transfer mode measures the signal strength on its own and on neighboring cells. The locating algorithm is in the mobile station, i.e., no measurement reports are sent to the network. When the cell change decision has been made, the mobile station stops listening to the old cell and starts to read necessary system information in the new cell. The mobile station then accesses the new cell and sends a cell update to the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) . The SGSN receives the cell update and discovers that there was already an ongoing downlink packet transfer. The SGSN sends a flush message, containing the addresses of the serving and target cells and the identity of the mobile station, to the PCU (Packet Control Unit) responsible for the old cell.
If the PCU is responsible for the target cell, unacknowledged LLC (Logical Link Control) frames are moved to a queue towards the target cell and the PCU assigns new resources in the new cell and transmission is restarted. If the PCU is not responsible for the target cell, it will delete all LLC frames intended for that mobile station and leave retransmission to higher layers. This is further described in GSM 04.60: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) ; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) ; Mobile Station (MS) -Base Station System (BSS) interface; Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) protocol, v.6.2.0", GSM 05.08: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) ; Radio Subsystem link control, v.6.2.0" and 3G TS 23.060: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2 v 3.2.1" hereby incorporated by reference .
Since the mobile station stops listening to the old cell without having resources allocated in the target cell in the existing GPRS, the cell change and the LLC moving procedure in packet transfer mode interrupts the transfer by approximately 1-5 seconds, depending on how quickly the mobile station can acquire the full set of system information. This interruption time exceeds the interruption time requirement for speech (100-150 ms) considerably.
In the current EGPRS, there is a mode where the network can control the cell reselection; although in this mode, the ongoing transmission is also interrupted and must be re-established in the new cell. This mode is described in GSM 04.60 mentioned above.
In order to properly support delay sensitive services in a packet data system, therefore, a handover procedure that allocates resources in advance, for example, as in GSM, is required. To provide a seamless handover in GSM, resources in the target cell are allocated in advance before the mobile station leaves the old cell. Information about the frequency, timeslot and output power the mobile station should use is sent in the handover command. The mobile station is thus guaranteed resources in the target cell. When the handover command is received, the mobile station accesses the target cell and receives timing advance information from the target BSS (Base Station System) . The handover is controlled by the network, and the mobile station sends measurement reports continuously (two reports every second) on the Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) .
In provisional U.S . patent application No. 60/184,065 of Molno, et al . entitled Method and Apparatus for Associated Signaling in a Wireless Communications Network, filed on February 22, 2000, and herein incorporated by reference; the introduction of a Packet SACCH (PSACCH) is disclosed. Measurement reports from the mobile station to the network are sent on the PSACCH in the uplink direction; and system related information, e.g., timing advance value and power control values, is transmitted in the downlink direction.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a handover procedure for the packet switched domain in order to properly support delay sensitive services, such as voice over IP.
In accordance with the invention, a method is provided for handover of a mobile station from a serving base station to a target base station in a packet switched wireless communications system. According to the method, resources are allocated and assigned between the mobile station and the target base station while maintaining connection of the mobile station to the serving base station; and, thereafter, disconnecting the mobile station from the serving base station and connecting the mobile station to the target base station. In the present invention, because resources are initially allocated and assigned in the target cell, the mobile station does not need to use the common control channel, which is a common resource for all users in a cell, to send access messages to the target cell. More specifically, resources are allocated in the uplink and/or downlink direction, between the mobile station and the base station while maintaining the connection between the mobile station and the serving base station, such that a mobile station may re-establish its connection to the network via the target base station in a substantially seamless manner without interrupting an ongoing data transmission session through the connection to the network via the serving base station. The data transmission session may, therefore, be a time sensitive transmission such as, for example, a voice communication session.
According to one aspect of the present invention, resources in the target cell are allocated and assigned via the serving cell. More specifically, the mobile station is given necessary information about the new cell, whereby the mobile station is able to immediately transmit information to the network without using the common control channel, shared by all users in a cell.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the mobile station uses parts of a traffic channel to transmit necessary information to the network in order to calculate physical parameters .
According to a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, the communications system comprises a GPRS/EGPRS system, and the mobile station uses a Packet DataChannel (PDCH) ; and specifically, the Packet Associated Control Channel ( PACCH) to access the target cell. The above and further specific features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reading the following detailed description where references will be made to the appended figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 schematically illustrates a cellular pattern in an exemplary cellular communications system; Figure 2 schematically illustrates the architecture of a packet switched system;
Figure 3 illustrates a handover procedure for a circuit switched system; and
Figure 4 illustrates the handover procedure for a packet switched system according to a presently preferred embodiment of the invention;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to a GPRS/EGPRS based cellular packet data communications system and extensions thereof. It should be understood, however, that the invention is also applicable to other packet switched wireless systems. In describing the invention, comparisons will be made to GSM, as representing a circuit switched communications system.
Figure 1 schematically illustrates a cellular pattern, generally designated by reference number 2, according to a GSM or GPRS/EGPRS communications system.
Frequencies are typically planned to be used in a certain area, i.e., a first cell, and then re-used in another area, i.e., a second cell, that is distant from the first cell . The planning of frequencies aims to introduce sufficient re-use distance such that communication on, e.g., frequency FI in one cell 4 does not interfere with communication on the same frequency FI in another cell 6. In Figure 1, for example, a theoretical 1/3 reuse is illustrated where frequencies FI, F2 and F3 are evenly distributed throughout a coverage area, with each frequency serving a sub-area, or cell. The 1/3 reuse indicates that there are 3 different frequencies that are repeated throughout the coverage area. The frequencies may be planned in any reuse, depending on how much spectrum is available. It may also differ within a system, depending on topology and geographical conditions, for example.
In another deployment of a GSM communications system, timeslots are also reused to achieve a two-dimensional reuse, both a frequency and a time re-use. These principles are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
09/263,950, "High Speed Data Communication System and
Method" to Mazur et al . , incorporated herein by reference.
Referring back to Figure 1, mobile equipment, i.e., a mobile station (MS) 10 is illustrated as communicating in one cell 16 with a base station (BS) 12. The MS may continuously measure on surrounding base stations, e.g., BS 14, to find a candidate BS with which to make a handover, in a situation when the serving base station 12 cannot sufficiently maintain the communication. This may happen, e.g., when the mobile station is traveling away from a serving base station 12 and approaching another base station. Measurements may be reported to the network via the serving BS 12, and a handover decision may be made in the network. The measurement reports may contain signal strength or quality measurements like BER (bit error rate) or (BLER) block error rate. The mobile station measures on the connection from the network towards the mobile station. Figure 2 illustrates the architecture for a packet switched system such as GPRS. Information packets from an external network 22 will enter the GPRS network at a GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) 24. The packets are then routed from the GGSN 24 via the backbone network 26 to a SGSN 28 that is serving the area in which the addressed GPRS mobile station (36) resides. From the SGSN, the packets are routed to the correct BSS (Base Station System) 30, in a dedicated GPRS transmission. A GPRS register may or may not be integrated with an HLR (Home Location register) of the GSM system (The HLR and GPRS register are illustrated at 32 in Figure 2) . Subscriber data may be interchanged between the SGSN 28 and MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center) 34 (which may be coupled to a Visitor Location Register (VLR) ) to ensure service interaction, such as, for example, restricted roaming .
Figure 3 schematically illustrates the handover procedure 40 for a circuit switched GSM system. The serving BSS 43 advises the MSC 41 that a handover is required (HO Required 61) , the MSC requests a handover from the target BSS 44 (HO Request 62) and the target BSS acknowledges the request (HO Req ack 63) . In order to provide a seamless handover in GSM, resources in the target cell are allocated in advance before the mobile station leaves the old cell. Information about the frequency, timeslot and output power the mobile station should use is sent in the handover command (HO Command 64,65) from the MSC 41 to the mobile station 42 via the serving BSS 43. The mobile station is thus guaranteed resources in the target cell. As illustrated in Figure 3, when the handover command is received, the mobile station 42 accesses the target cell (HO Access 66) and receives timing advance information from the target BSS 44. The target BSS 44 notifies the MSC 41 that the handover has been detected (HO Detect 67) and the mobile station sends a handover complete message (HO Complete 68,69) to the MSC via the target BSS. The handover is controlled by the network and the mobile station sends measurement reports continuously (two reports every second) on the Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) .
Figure 4 illustrates the handover procedure 50 for the packet switched domain; specifically, for a GPRS/EGPRS based packet data communications system according to a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the following discussion, it is assumed that the network knows that a handover has to be performed (this can, for example, be done by using the Packet SACCH (PSACCH) as described above and let the network make the handover decision based on the measurement reports received from the mobile station) , and that the target cell is identified.
As shown in Figure 4, the serving BSS 52, serving a mobile station 51, sends a Packet Handover Required (PHO Required 71) to the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) 54, and the SGSN starts negotiating with the target BSS 56 for resources in order to fulfill the QoS-requirement (Quality of Service) for the flows concerned. If resources in the target BSS 56 are available according to the Packet Handover Request (PHO Request 72) , Packet Handover Accepted (PHO Req accepted 73) is sent to the SGSN 54 from the target BSS. When the handover request is accepted by the new BSS 56, a copy of BSS context (the BSS context contains e.g. QoS-parameters such as delay and throughput requirements) in the serving cell is transmitted to the target cell. The BSS context in the serving cell is then deleted when handover is successfully performed. When resources in the target cell are allocated (PHO Req accepted 73), a Packet Handover Command (PHO Cmd 74,75) is sent from the SGSN to the mobile station 51 via the serving BSS 52. The Packet Handover Command may contain frequency, BSIC, a reduced Packet Uplink Assignment and/or a reduced Packet Downlink Assignment message. When the Handover Command is received at the mobile station, the mobile station then tunes to the target cell. Up to this time, as shown in Figure 4, normal operation is maintained between the mobile station and the serving base station such that, for example, an ongoing data transfer between the mobile station and the network through the serving base station will not be interrupted.
In order to obtain timing advance value, a modified Packet Polling Request is included in the Packet Handover Command. The mobile station responds with a Packet Control acknowledgment ( Packet Control ack 76) (sent in four identical access bursts) transmitted on the PACCH on the new frequency to the target base station. The SGSN 54 is sent a packet handover detect signal (Packet HO Detect 77) whereupon the network sends a Packet Power Control/Timing Advance message (Packet PC/TA 78) , also sent on the PACCH to the mobile station.
When the mobile station has received the timing advance value, transmission can be restarted in the new cell; i.e. , normal operation is re-established between the mobile station and the network via the target base station as is shown in Figure 4. In the new cell, the mobile station may acquire system information and the remaining parts of the Packet Uplink and/or Downlink Assignment messages .
By using the above-described procedure, resources in the target cell are initially assigned via the serving cell, and the mobile station thus does not need to send access messages on the Common Control Channel, Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH) (i.e. perform a one or two phase access) before the transmission can be restarted. In general, the present invention provides a handover procedure for packet switched communications systems that is similar to that used in circuit switched systems; while, at the same time, using the current EGPRS standard, for example, the Packet Control ack and the PC/TA messages, as much as possible. The messages mentioned above are further described in GSM 04.60 (already incorporated by reference) .
Although the present invention has been described with examples from a packet switched communication system compliant to the EGPRS/GSM specifications, it should be noted that the solutions presented may equally be applied to any other packet switched data communications system with the same or similar structure and functionality. The specific embodiments described herein should, therefore, be considered exemplary only rather than limiting the scope of the invention. The invention should rather be defined only by the scope of the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A method for handover of a mobile station from a serving base station to a target base station in a packet switched wireless communications system, comprising: allocating and assigning resources between the mobile station and the target base station while maintaining connection of the mobile station to a network of the communications system through the serving base station; and thereafter, terminating connection of the mobile station to the network through the serving base station and re-establishing connection of the mobile station to the network through the target base station.
2. The method according claim 1, wherein said allocating and assigning step comprises allocating and assigning said resources via the serving base station.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said allocating and assigning step includes allocating and assigning packet channels that are shared between multiple users via the serving base station.
4. The method according to claim 2, and further including the step of said mobile station acknowledging said allocation and assignment when accessing said target base station.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said packet switched wireless communications system comprises a General Packet Radio Service/ Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (GPRS/EGPRS) based system.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said acknowledging step comprises sending said acknowledgment over an allocated and assigned packet data channel (PDCH) .
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein said packet data channel comprises a Packet Associated Control Channel (PACCH) .
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of terminating connection and re-establishing connection comprises terminating connection and reestablishing connection in a substantially seamless manner so as not to interrupt an ongoing data transmission session between the mobile station and the network.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said data transmission session comprises a delay sensitive data transmission session.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said delay sensitive data transmission session comprises a voice communication session.
11. A method for handover of a mobile station from a serving base station to a target base station in a packet switched wireless communications system, comprising: allocating and assigning packet channels that are shared between multiple users between the mobile station and the target base station via the serving base station; and said mobile station thereafter acknowledging said allocation and assignment when accessing said target base station, said acknowledgment being sent to said target base station over an assigned and allocated packet channel .
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said packet switched wireless communication system comprises a General Packet Radio Service/Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (GPRS/EGPRS) communications system.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein said packet channel comprises a Packet Data Channel (PDCH) , and wherein said acknowledgment comprises a Packet Control ack message .
14. The method according to claim 13, and further comprising the step of sending a Packet Power Control/Timing Advance (PC/TA) message to the mobile station over the Packet Data Channel (PDCH) .
15. The method according to claim 13, wherein said packet data channel comprises a Packet Associated Control Channel (PACCH) .
16. The method according to claim 11, wherein said allocating and assigning step is performed while maintaining connection of the mobile station to a network of the communications system through the serving base station so as to provide a substantially seamless handover of said mobile station from said serving base station to said target base station without interrupting an ongoing data transmission session between said mobile station and the network.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein said data transmission session comprises a delay sensitive data transmission session.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein said delay sensitive data transmission session comprises a voice communication session.
19. The method according to claim 11, wherein said method further includes, before the allocating and assigning step, the steps of determining that a handover of said mobile station is required, and identifying the target base station to which the handover is to be made.
EP01914314A 2000-03-28 2001-03-23 Handover in a packet switched wireless communications network Expired - Lifetime EP1269784B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19268600P 2000-03-28 2000-03-28
US192686P 2000-03-28
US71871300A 2000-11-22 2000-11-22
US718713 2000-11-22
PCT/SE2001/000639 WO2001074095A2 (en) 2000-03-28 2001-03-23 Handover in a packet switched wireless communications network

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1269784A2 true EP1269784A2 (en) 2003-01-02
EP1269784B1 EP1269784B1 (en) 2007-09-19

Family

ID=26888285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01914314A Expired - Lifetime EP1269784B1 (en) 2000-03-28 2001-03-23 Handover in a packet switched wireless communications network

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1269784B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE373934T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001239660A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60130547T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2293979T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2001074095A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2002224330A1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2002-05-06 Motorola, Inc. Call re-origination via a new base station to be placed in soft/softer handoff condition with a serving base station prior to call dropping
US7392051B2 (en) 2001-10-17 2008-06-24 Nokia Corporation Handover method
GB0124958D0 (en) * 2001-10-17 2001-12-05 Nokia Corp A handover message
WO2003085902A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2003-10-16 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Data preservation
US7209466B2 (en) 2002-06-06 2007-04-24 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Software method utilizing gateways for maintaining connectivity during communications over distinct wireless networks by mobile computer terminals
US6990342B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2006-01-24 Motorola, Inx. Method and apparatus for cell reselection within a communications system
US7688786B2 (en) * 2003-03-17 2010-03-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Avoiding data loss and reducing registration overhead in packet networks
US20050047368A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-03 Kotzin Michael D. Handover during packet sessions in wireless communications networks and methods
DE102004015259B3 (en) * 2004-03-29 2005-11-10 Siemens Ag Method for controlling a handover in a radio communication system
GB0418436D0 (en) * 2004-08-18 2004-09-22 Nokia Corp Communication system
US7167459B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2007-01-23 Motorola, Inc. Inter-network handover in a packet radio system
US7920866B2 (en) 2005-07-07 2011-04-05 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Method of hard handover in a wireless communication system
CN1933663B (en) * 2005-09-14 2012-10-24 北京三星通信技术研究有限公司 Method for supporting user equipment transferability in LTE system
WO2008086649A1 (en) 2007-01-08 2008-07-24 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Forwarding learnt state information to target node at mobility
GB2454650A (en) 2007-10-29 2009-05-20 Nec Corp Resource Allocation for persistently allocated resources
WO2011057451A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2011-05-19 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Method and system for base station subsystem to obtain frame mapping support capability of mobile station
CN103517452B (en) * 2013-09-29 2017-01-25 华为技术有限公司 Method and device for building service connection

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2705514B1 (en) * 1993-05-14 1995-06-23 Alcatel Mobile Comm France Method of handover, or handover, between two cells of a GSM network.
DE4430553A1 (en) * 1994-08-27 1996-02-29 Sel Alcatel Ag Mobile radio system and handover procedure of a portable subscriber
SE506816C2 (en) * 1996-06-20 1998-02-16 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M A method and a communication unit for the rapid identification of base stations in a communication network
SE507432C2 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-06-08 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Procedure and unit for distributed handover in uplink
DE19916991A1 (en) * 1999-04-15 2000-10-19 Alcatel Sa Telecommunication system with several radio cells

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0174095A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001074095A2 (en) 2001-10-04
DE60130547D1 (en) 2007-10-31
DE60130547T2 (en) 2008-06-26
WO2001074095A3 (en) 2002-01-24
ES2293979T3 (en) 2008-04-01
AU2001239660A1 (en) 2001-10-08
ATE373934T1 (en) 2007-10-15
EP1269784B1 (en) 2007-09-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR100663796B1 (en) Wireless transmit receive unit having a transition state for transitioning from monitoring to duplex connected states and method
KR100588072B1 (en) A communication system comprising a plurality of communication networks
EP1269784B1 (en) Handover in a packet switched wireless communications network
US8982827B2 (en) Method of transmitting and receiving wireless resource information
FI101924B (en) Handover between mobile exchanges for high speed data transmission
KR100962765B1 (en) Method for allocating uplink radio resources in mobile communication system
US7092373B2 (en) Advanced method and arrangement for transferring information in a packet radio service
RU2414081C2 (en) Method of transmitting signals in mobile communication system
EP3565313B1 (en) Method of transmitting and receiving radio access information in a wireless mobile communications system
RU2237363C2 (en) Method and device for cell switching-over
EP1521493B1 (en) Method of providing fast downlink service in a hard handover in a cellular communication system
WO2001047298A2 (en) Fast cell re-selection for real time packet data networks
US6452940B1 (en) Mobile station migration from D-AMPS packet system to edge/GPRS packet system in an integrated wireless network
US20060056395A1 (en) Handover for packet switched data
CN114585096B (en) Method and system for reducing interference through BWP switching function
Pecen et al. Simultaneous voice and data operation for GPRS/EDGE: class A dual transfer mode
CN100561894C (en) The method of handing-over mobile communication terminal in the mixed mobile communication network of asynchronous and synchronous communication network
KR100425079B1 (en) Method and System for Inter-Basestation Hand-off for Use in CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO System
KR100561684B1 (en) Method for Handoff on Active State in Session Negotiation Process of CDMA2000 1xEV-DO System
KR100589959B1 (en) Hand Over Method from Asynchronous Mobile Communication Network to Synchronous Mobile Communication Network During Termination Alerting
KR100579808B1 (en) Wireless Source Information Process Method for Hand Over from Asynchronous Mobile Communication Network to Synchronous Mobile Communication Network
KR20090126509A (en) Method and system for minimizing delay that is owing to hard hand-off in wireless communication system
KR20050048194A (en) Hand over method from asynchronous mobile communication network to synchronous mobile communication network during origination alerting

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20020831

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60130547

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20071031

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070919

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070919

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070919

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070919

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070919

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2293979

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20071220

EN Fr: translation not filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20071219

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070919

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20080620

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20080523

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080324

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070919

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080323

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20070919

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20150325

Year of fee payment: 15

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20150327

Year of fee payment: 15

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20150326

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20150327

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20160326

Year of fee payment: 16

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60130547

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20160323

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161001

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160323

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160323

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20170427

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160324

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20170401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170401