EP1266023A2 - LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES (LPS) EXTRACTED FROM i ESCHERICHIA COLI /i - Google Patents

LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES (LPS) EXTRACTED FROM i ESCHERICHIA COLI /i

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Publication number
EP1266023A2
EP1266023A2 EP01940260A EP01940260A EP1266023A2 EP 1266023 A2 EP1266023 A2 EP 1266023A2 EP 01940260 A EP01940260 A EP 01940260A EP 01940260 A EP01940260 A EP 01940260A EP 1266023 A2 EP1266023 A2 EP 1266023A2
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Prior art keywords
lps
coli
lipoid
extracted
lipopolysaccharides
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Proppert
Jürgen Malinka
Jürgen Schulze
Ulrich Sonnenborn
Ulrich ZÄHRINGER
Artur Ulmer
Ernst Theodor Rietschel
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Pharma Zentrale GmbH
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Pharma Zentrale GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to new lipopolysaccharides from E. coli.
  • Endotoxins are bacterial structural components that, in contrast to exotoxins, are not excreted by living bacteria, but are mainly released after autolysis.
  • the so-called classic endotoxins are heat-stable lipopolysaccharides, hereinafter referred to as LPS, from the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
  • LPS consist of the so-called Lipoid A, a core oligosaccharide and a specific O-chain, whereby Lipoid A is responsible for the toxic effects of LPS.
  • Endotoxins stimulate the production of mediators of the immune system such as interleukin 1, abbreviated IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor, abbreviated TNF ⁇ , in the macroorganism.
  • IL-1 interleukin 1
  • TNF ⁇ tumor necrosis factor
  • the lipoid A of the coli bacteria has also been investigated by various research groups, it being found that the structure of the lipoid
  • A is usually in the hexaacyl form and is the same for all serotypes of E. coli (Fig. 3).
  • the structure of the hexaacyl compound was
  • the specific O chain and the lipoid A are linked to one another via the core oligosaccharide.
  • five different nuclear oligosaccharides are known in E. coli; we refer to O. Holst et a) Chemical structure of the core region of lipopolysaccharide, in: Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysacchariides, Vol. 1, Morrison D.C. and Ryan, J.L. (eds.), Boca Raton, FL, USA (1992) pp. 135-1 70 (see Fig. 4).
  • the core region of the strain DSM 6601 corresponds to the well-known R1 structure. Structural peculiarities, however, consist in the fact that 8 phosphate residues per molecule of LPS were determined analytically, with lipoid A generally only having 2 phosphate residues. A non-stoichiometric content of pyrophosphoethanolamine was also found.
  • the LPS of the strain DSM 6601 differs significantly from the previously known LPS from E. coli, particularly in the phosphorylated sugar portion of the core and in the degree of polymerization of the O chain.
  • the lipoid A corresponds structurally and biologically to the type common for E. coli, which underlines the role of this substance in the biological effectiveness.
  • the LPS described is not only suitable for identifying the coli strain carrying it, but also gives it a reduced pathogenicity while maintaining it immunomodulating effect.
  • the fact that the O chain is ß- instead of ⁇ -glycosidically bound was clearly demonstrated for the first time using the example of the S / R mutant DSM 6601 for E. coli.
  • the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli DSM 6601 is a new smooth-rough (S / R) structure that is made up of previously known substructures ( Weg-specific chain, core oligosaccharide and lipoid A), and on the other hand in of the complex form presented here has been characterized for the first time and completely structurally (see Fig. 7).
  • the O-specific chain consisting of only a single repeating unit of the serotype 06, is bound to the core oligosaccharide in a ⁇ -glycosidic manner and is therefore linked differently than within the O chain (glycosidic).
  • the core oligosaccharide has the R1 structure, a chemical finding that is confirmed by serological tests with R1-specific antibodies.
  • the lipoid A component has a specific chemical constitution which is characteristic of the E. coli lipoid A.
  • the LPS from E. coli strain DSM 6601 has an amazing homogeneity. Only a heterogeneity regarding the phosphate substituents (PP and P-Etn vs. P and P) can be determined, which is described in this form for the first time.
  • the P-Etn substituent in the core oligosaccharide and the R1-kemoligosaccharide in position .2 of the second heptose (Hep H ) could be clearly determined by means of complex NMR analyzes.
  • the LPS was obtained from the washed and dried bacterial mass after a modified phenol / water extraction; in this regard, reference is made to O. Westphal et al Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides, Extraction with Phenol-Water and Further Applications of the Procedure, Meth. Carbohydr. Che., Vol. V (1965) pp. 83-91.
  • RNAse ribonuclease A, bovine pancreas, Sigma
  • DNAse DNAse I, bovine pancreas, grade II. Sigma
  • Hexosamine (here means glucosamine + galactosamine, GIcN + GalN) was determined using the modified Morgan-Elson test (Strominger, JL, Park, JT Thompson, REJ Biol. Chem. 234, 3263-3268 (1959)), but alternatively also by means of HPLC (PICO-TAG, Waters). In contrast to the Morgan-Elson test, this analysis method not only allows GIcN and GalN to be determined and quantified separately, but also the presence of GIcN phosphate, 2-ethanolamine (Etn) and 2-ethanolamine phosphate (Etn- P), which often occur in LPS, are determined in parallel.
  • GC Gas liquid chromatography
  • GC-MS gas-liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry
  • HP-1 capillary column 30 m. Hewlett Packard
  • the GC or GC-MS analyzes were used for the determination of the neutral sugars (Glc, Gal, Hep, Man) as their alditol acetates (Sawardeker, JS, Slonerker, JH Jeanes, A.
  • LPS (258.8 mg) was suspended in 25 mL 0.1 M NaOAc / HOAc (pH 4.4) and subjected to mild acid hydrolysis at 100 ° C for 1 h.
  • the lipophilic portion (Lipoid A) was then extracted three times from the hydrolyzate with 25 mL chloroform (yield 23.2 mg).
  • the lipoid A from the organic phase was further purified by means of preparative layer chromatography (PSC) (2 mm PSC silica gel 60 plate, E. Merck, Darmstadt), which was washed with chloroform-methanol-water 100: 75: 15 (v / v / v ) was chromatographed and developed by immersion in distilled water.
  • PSC preparative layer chromatography
  • the main fraction (R f -. 0.4) is the purified diphosphorylated hexaacyl lipoid A (DPHLA-Ec 6601 ).
  • the purified DPHLA-Ec 6501 (yield 2.06 mg) was dissolved in chloroform-methanol 8: 2 (v / v) and treated with ion exchanger (Amberlite IRA 120, H + form) before the MALDI-TOF-MS.
  • An aliquot (250 ⁇ g) of the purified DPHLA-Ec 6601 was used for the biological experiments.
  • the aqueous phase of the chloroform extraction was freeze-dried (yield: 272 mg) and the oligosaccharide using a TSK column [3.5 x 90 cm, TSK HW-40 (S), E. Merck] in pyridine-acetic acid-water 8: 20: 2000, (v / v / v) further purified.
  • the individual oligosaccharide fractions (pools A, B, C and D) were analyzed by GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy.
  • the main fraction (Pool A, # 28-41; 49.05 mg), which contained both sugar components of the O chain (Man, GalNac) and those of the core oligosaccharide (Hep, Kdo), was further purified.
  • the other fractions contained monosaccharides, undetected artifacts of Kdo (anhydro- and lactones) and finally salt.
  • the main fraction of the TSK separation showed all components of the core oligosaccharide (Kdo, Gal, Hep) and the O chain (Man, GalNAc) in both the GC-MS analysis and the NMR analysis and was therefore further processed.
  • HPLC high pressure anion exchange chromatography
  • the semi-preparative HPAEC was carried out using a CarboPac PA1 column [(9 mm x 250 mm) Dionex System] with the same salt gradient as in the analytical HPAEC (5 min at 0, then in 50 min at 0.5 M NaOAc) and a flow rate of 4 ml / min.
  • the oligosaccharide (42 mg; pool A from the TSK column) was applied to the semi-preparative HPAEC in two analog HPAEC runs.
  • the ElViat was collected in fractions of one minute each, and these were analyzed individually using the analytical. HPAEC examined.
  • MALDI-TOF Matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight
  • Matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed on a Bruker-Reflex "time-of-flight spectrometer (Bruker-Franzen Analytik, Bremen) exclusively in the linear configuration and in negative mode at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV and the "delayed ion extraction" added.
  • the samples were first dissolved in chloroform (Lipoid A) or distilled water (oligosaccharide fractions) in a concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ⁇ L, and 2 ⁇ L aliquot thereof with 2 ⁇ L of a matrix solution consisting of 0.5 M 2,4,6 - Trihydroxyacetophenon (Aldrich, Steinheim) dissolved in methanol. aliquots (0.5 ⁇ L) of this mixture was applied to a metal holder and dried with a hair dryer.
  • chloroform Lipoid A
  • distilled water oligosaccharide fractions
  • the serological analyzes were carried out as Western blots, which were developed with three different antibodies.
  • Polyclonal anti-O6 antiserum (rabbit) was produced with E. coli strain DSM 6601 (serotype 06: K5: H1) in the Hygiene Institute Hamburg (Prof. Bockemühl).
  • Polyclonal anti-f. coli R1 antiserum (rabbit, internal name: K299 / d58) was obtained by immunization with a rough-form mutant which has an R1 core (anti-R1).
  • a monoclonal antibody (WN1-222-5, internal name F 167) was used, which cross-reacts broadly against all E. coli nuclear oligosaccharides from a minimal structure (> Rd).
  • the LPS preparations obtained by the described method were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis together with comparison LPS (cf. Fig. 1). 16%) polyacrylamide gels were used to display the SDS-PAGE analysis of the LPS (UK, Laemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of head of bacteriophage T4, Nature, 227, 680-685 (1970)).
  • the LPS bands were stained using the sensitive alkaline silver staining method (CM. Tsai and Frasch, CF, A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels, anal. Biochem., 119, 1982, 115-119).
  • IL-1 activity is determined using an MNC proliferation assay in a culture supernatant.
  • Human monocytes (MNC) are isolated from the peripheral blood of voluntary donors (8 x 10 5 MNC / 200 L) and transferred to a glass and mixed with test substance at the same time.
  • MNC Human monocytes
  • the cells are first stimulated with LPS (10 ng / mL). After an incubation period of 8 hours, 150 ml of the culture supernatant are examined for cytokine release.
  • IL-1 activity is determined using a fibroblast proliferation assay in a culture supernatant. The necessary fibroblasts were obtained from human foreskin. The proliferation of these fibroblasts was increased by IL-1.
  • the biological activity in the culture supernatant is determined by comparing the dose-response curve of the culture supernatant with the curve of the standard in a probit analysis.
  • the LPS from a known endotoxically active bacterial strain (Salmonella friedenau) serves as a reference (positive control) and is therefore shown in Figure 5.
  • the TNF ⁇ activity in a culture supernatant is determined in a cytotoxicity assay with the TNF-sensitive cell line L929.
  • the TNF activity can be determined by comparing the dose-response curve of the culture supernatant with the curve of the standard in a probit analysis.
  • a known endotoxically active LPS from Salmonella friedenau serves as a positive control. The results are shown graphically in Figure 6.

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Abstract

The invention relates to lipopolysaccharides extracted from E. coli DSM 6601. This LPS differs from the known LPS extracted from E. coli in particular with regard to the phosphorylated sugar moiety of the core and to the degree of polymerization of the O-chain. The A lipoid corresponds structurally and biologically to the classic type of E. coli. The inventive LPS is not only suitable for identifying the coli strain which carries it, but also provides the latter with a reduced pathogenic capability, whilst retaining its immunomodulative effect.

Description

Lipopolysaccharide aus Escherichia coliLipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli
Die Erfindung betrifft neue Lipopolysaccharide aus E. coli.The invention relates to new lipopolysaccharides from E. coli.
Unter Endotoxinen werden bakterielle Strukturkomponenten verstanden, die im Gegensatz zu Exotoxinen niόht von lebenden Bakterien ausgeschieden, sondern vornehmlich nach Autolyse freigesetzt werden. Bei den sogenannten klassischen Endotoxinen handelt es sich um hitzestabile Lipopolysaccharide, im folgenden LPS genannt, aus der äußeren Zellmembran von Gramnegativen Bakterien. LPS bestehen aus dem sogenannten Lipoid A, einem Kernoligosaccharid sowie einer spezifischen O-Kette, wobei das Lipoid A für die toxische Wirkung von LPS verantwortlich ist.Endotoxins are bacterial structural components that, in contrast to exotoxins, are not excreted by living bacteria, but are mainly released after autolysis. The so-called classic endotoxins are heat-stable lipopolysaccharides, hereinafter referred to as LPS, from the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS consist of the so-called Lipoid A, a core oligosaccharide and a specific O-chain, whereby Lipoid A is responsible for the toxic effects of LPS.
Endotoxine stimulieren im Makroorganismus die Produktion von Mediatoren des Immunsystems wie Interleukin 1, abgekürzt IL-1, und Tumor-Nekrose- Faktor, abgekürzt TNFα.Endotoxins stimulate the production of mediators of the immune system such as interleukin 1, abbreviated IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor, abbreviated TNFα, in the macroorganism.
Über die Zusammensetzung der Endotoxine von Enterobakterien und insbesondere E. coli sind bereits eine Reihe von Untersuchungen durchgeführt worden, wobei man festgestellt hat, daß S/ -Mutanten in der Regel nur eine Wiederholeinheit, also eine „repeating unit" ihrer O-Kette enthalten (vgl. Abb. 1). Man geht davon aus, daß in diesen Fällen das Gen, welches für das polymerisierende Enzym der O-Kette codiert, defekt ist und daher nur eine „repeating unit" auf das Kernoligosaccharid übertragen wird. LPS-Strukturen ähnlichen Typs, aber anderer Struktur werden häufig auch in humanpathogenen Keimen wie Neisseria, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter usw. gefunden. Diese Keime verfügen über ein LPS, welches es ihnen ermöglicht, durch ein besonderes molekulares Mimikri, u.a. das Vorhandensein von Sialinsäure und sialinsäurehaltigen Oligosacchariden, die den Glycoproteinen und Glycolipiden der Säugetiere ähneln, sich der Immunabwehr des Wirtes zu entziehen. Für E. coli DSM 6601 wurde der Oδ-Serotyp festgestellt. Diese Struktur ist von P.E. Jansson et al., Carbohydr. Res. 131 (1984) 277-283 untersucht und publiziert worden. Die Struktur entspricht der in Abb. 2 dargestellten Formel.A number of investigations have already been carried out on the composition of the endotoxins of enterobacteria and in particular E. coli, it being found that S / mutants generally only contain one repeating unit, that is to say a “repeating unit” of their O chain ( See Fig. 1. It is assumed that in these cases the gene which codes for the polymerizing enzyme of the O chain is defective and therefore only a “repeating unit” is transferred to the core oligosaccharide. LPS structures of a similar type, but of a different structure, are often also found in human pathogenic germs such as Neisseria, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter etc. These germs have an LPS, which it enables them to evade the immune defense of the host by means of a special molecular mimic, including the presence of sialic acid and oligosaccharides containing sialic acid, which are similar to the glycoproteins and glycolipids of mammals. The Oδ serotype was determined for E. coli DSM 6601. This structure is from PE Jansson et al., Carbohydr. Res. 131 (1984) 277-283 have been examined and published. The structure corresponds to the formula shown in Fig. 2.
Auch das Lipoid A der Colibakterien ist von verschiedenen Forschergruppen untersucht worden, wobei sich herausgestellt hat, daß die Struktur des LipoidThe lipoid A of the coli bacteria has also been investigated by various research groups, it being found that the structure of the lipoid
A in der Regel in der Hexaacylform vorliegt und für alle Serotypen von E. coli übereinstimmt (Abb. 3). Die Struktur der Hexaacylverbindung wurdeA is usually in the hexaacyl form and is the same for all serotypes of E. coli (Fig. 3). The structure of the hexaacyl compound was
1984 von Th. Rietschei et al., Structure and conformation of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides; Handbook of Endotoxins (Proctor, R., ed.), Vol. 1 , Chemistry of Endotoxin (E. Th. Rietschei, ed.), Elsevier,1984 by Th. Rietschei et al., Structure and conformation of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides; Handbook of Endotoxins (Proctor, R., ed.), Vol. 1, Chemistry of Endotoxin (E. Th. Rietschei, ed.), Elsevier,
Amsterdam (1984), pp. 187-220 veröffentlicht und entspricht der Darstellung in Abb. 3.Amsterdam (1984), pp. Published 187-220 and corresponds to the illustration in Fig. 3.
Die spezifische O-Kette und das Lipoid A sind über das Kernoligosaccharid miteinander verbunden. Bisher sind fünf verschiedene Kernoligosaccharide bei E. coli bekannt; wir verweisen insoweit auf O. Holst et a) Chemical structure of the core region of lipopolysaccharide, in: Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysacchariides, Vol. 1 , Morrison D.C. and Ryan, J.L. (eds.), Boca Raton, FL, USA (1992) pp. 135-1 70 (vgl. Abb. 4).The specific O chain and the lipoid A are linked to one another via the core oligosaccharide. So far, five different nuclear oligosaccharides are known in E. coli; we refer to O. Holst et a) Chemical structure of the core region of lipopolysaccharide, in: Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysacchariides, Vol. 1, Morrison D.C. and Ryan, J.L. (eds.), Boca Raton, FL, USA (1992) pp. 135-1 70 (see Fig. 4).
Bei Untersuchungen des LPS von E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 hat sich herausgestellt, daß das Lipoid A in seiner Zusammensetzung der Hexaacylform der auch sonst für E. coli beschriebenen Lipoide A entspricht. Die Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Freisetzung von IL-1 und TNFα in humanen Monocyten bestätigen, daß Lipoid A die gleiche Aktivität aufweist und daher mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit der bekannten Struktur von E. coli Lipoid A entspricht (vgl. Abb. 5, Abb. 6). Diese Annahme wurde durch die chemischen Analysen bestätigt.When the LPS of E. coli strain DSM 6601 was examined, it was found that the composition of lipoid A corresponds to the hexaacyl form of the lipoids A also described for E. coli. The investigations with regard to the release of IL-1 and TNFα in human monocytes confirm that lipoid A has the same activity and therefore corresponds with a high probability to the known structure of E. coli lipoid A (see Fig. 5, Fig. 6). This assumption has been confirmed by chemical analysis.
Die Struktur des spezifischen O^Antigens von E. coli DSM 6601 überrascht durch die Tatsache, daß offensichtlich nur eine einzige „repeating unit" regelmäßig in der Kette vorliegt (vgl. Abb. 1), was darauf schließen läßt, daß es sich bei dem Stamm DSM 6601 um eine S/R-Mutante handelt, was für ein Humanisolat äußerst ungewöhnlich ist. Die Struktur dieser „repeating unit" entspricht aber, wie die serologische Analyse zeigt, dem Grundmuster der O- Kette von E. coli 06.The structure of the specific O ^ antigen of E. coli DSM 6601 surprises by the fact that apparently only one repeating unit is regularly present in the chain (see Fig. 1), which suggests that it is Strain DSM 6601 is an S / R mutant, which is extremely unusual for a human isolate. However, as the serological analysis shows, the structure of this repeating unit corresponds to the basic pattern of the O chain of E. coli 06.
Die Core-Region beim Stamm DSM 6601 entspricht zwar der bekannten R1- Struktur. Strukturelle Besonderheiten bestehen allerdings darin, daß 8 Phosphatreste pro Molekül LPS analytisch festgestellt wurden, wobei auf das Lipoid A in der Regel nur 2 Phosphatreste entfallen. Des weiteren wurde ein nicht-stöchiometrischer Gehalt von Pyrophosphoethanolamin gefunden.The core region of the strain DSM 6601 corresponds to the well-known R1 structure. Structural peculiarities, however, consist in the fact that 8 phosphate residues per molecule of LPS were determined analytically, with lipoid A generally only having 2 phosphate residues. A non-stoichiometric content of pyrophosphoethanolamine was also found.
Zusammenfassend läßt sich daher feststellen, daß sich das LPS des Stammes DSM 6601 von den bisher bekannten LPS aus E. coli signifikant insbesondere im phosphorylierten Zuckeranteil des Core und im Polymerisierungsgrad der O-Kette unterscheidet. Das Lipoid A entspricht strukturell und biologisch dem für E. coli üblichen Typ, was die Rolle dieser Substanz bei der biologischen Wirksamkeit unterstreicht. Das beschriebene LPS ist nicht nur zur Identifizierung des es tragenden Coli Stammes geeignet, sondern verleiht diesem auch eine verminderte Pathogenität unter Beibehaltung seiner immunmodulierenden Wirkung. Die Tatsache, daß die O-Kette ß- statt α- glycosidisch gebunden ist, konnte am Beispiel der S/R-Mutante DSM 6601 für E. coli erstmals eindeutig gezeigt werden.In summary, it can therefore be stated that the LPS of the strain DSM 6601 differs significantly from the previously known LPS from E. coli, particularly in the phosphorylated sugar portion of the core and in the degree of polymerization of the O chain. The lipoid A corresponds structurally and biologically to the type common for E. coli, which underlines the role of this substance in the biological effectiveness. The LPS described is not only suitable for identifying the coli strain carrying it, but also gives it a reduced pathogenicity while maintaining it immunomodulating effect. The fact that the O chain is ß- instead of α-glycosidically bound was clearly demonstrated for the first time using the example of the S / R mutant DSM 6601 for E. coli.
Beim Lipopolysaccharid (LPS) von E. coli DSM 6601 handelt es sich um eine neue smooth-rough (S/R)-Struktur, die sich einerseits aus bisher bekannten Teilstrukturen zusammensetzt (ό-spezifische Kette, Kernoligosaccharid und Lipoid A), andererseits in der hier vorliegenden komplexen Form erstmalig und vollständig strukturell charakterisiert worden ist (vgl. Abb. 7). Die O- spezifische Kette, bestehend aus nur einer einzigen Wiederholeinheit ("repeating unit") des Serotyps 06, ist ß-glycosidisch an das Kernoligosaccharid gebunden und somit anders verknüpft als innerhalb der O-Kette ( -glycosidisch). Das Kernoligosaccharid weist die R1 -Struktur auf, ein chemischer Befund, der durch serologische Untersuchungen mit R1- spezifischen Antikörpern bestätigt wird. Die Lipoid A-Komponente besitzt eine für das E. coli Lipoid A charakteristische bestimmte chemische Konstitution.The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli DSM 6601 is a new smooth-rough (S / R) structure that is made up of previously known substructures (strukturen-specific chain, core oligosaccharide and lipoid A), and on the other hand in of the complex form presented here has been characterized for the first time and completely structurally (see Fig. 7). The O-specific chain, consisting of only a single repeating unit of the serotype 06, is bound to the core oligosaccharide in a β-glycosidic manner and is therefore linked differently than within the O chain (glycosidic). The core oligosaccharide has the R1 structure, a chemical finding that is confirmed by serological tests with R1-specific antibodies. The lipoid A component has a specific chemical constitution which is characteristic of the E. coli lipoid A.
Das LPS von E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 weist eine erstaunliche Homogenität auf. Es kann lediglich eine Heterogenität hinsichtlich der Phosphatsubstituenten (PP und P-Etn vs. P und P) festgestellt werden, welche in dieser Form erstmalig beschrieben wird. Mittels komplexer NMR-Analysen konnte der P-Etn-Substituent im Kernoligosaccharid dem R1- Kemoligosaccharid in der Position .2 der zweiten Heptose (HepH) eindeutig bestimmt werden.The LPS from E. coli strain DSM 6601 has an amazing homogeneity. Only a heterogeneity regarding the phosphate substituents (PP and P-Etn vs. P and P) can be determined, which is described in this form for the first time. The P-Etn substituent in the core oligosaccharide and the R1-kemoligosaccharide in position .2 of the second heptose (Hep H ) could be clearly determined by means of complex NMR analyzes.
Die komplette Struktur des LPS des Stammes DSM 6601 ist in Abb. 7 dargestellt. Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Beispiele näher erläutert:The complete structure of the LPS of strain DSM 6601 is shown in Fig. 7. The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the examples:
Beispiel 1example 1
Herstellung des LPSProduction of the LPS
Das LPS wurde aus der gewaschenen und getrockneten Bakterienmasse nach einer modifizierten Phenol/Wasser-Extraktion gewonnen; insoweit wird verwiesen auf O. Westphal et al Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides, Extraction with Phenol-Water and Further Applications of the Procedure, Meth. Carbohydr. Che ., Vol. V (1965) pp. 83-91.The LPS was obtained from the washed and dried bacterial mass after a modified phenol / water extraction; in this regard, reference is made to O. Westphal et al Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides, Extraction with Phenol-Water and Further Applications of the Procedure, Meth. Carbohydr. Che., Vol. V (1965) pp. 83-91.
47 g der gefriergetrockneten Bakterien, die zuvor zweimal mit destilliertem Wasser gewaschen wurden, wurden nach Westphal und Jann entsprechend einer modifizierten Vorschrift extrahiert. Die Modifikation bestand in einer anschließenden Enzymbehandlung (DNAse, RNAse, Proteinase K) des wäßrigen Extraktes, welche dazu dient, eventuelle Fremdproteine und DNA/RNA-Bestandteile zu entfernen. Hierzu wird die wäßrige Phase (ca. 1 ,2 L) bei Raumtemperatur mit je 20 mg RNAse (Ribonuclease A, bovine pancreas, Sigma) und 20 mg DNAse (Dnase I, bovine pancreas, grade II. Sigma) versetzt und das Gemisch bei Raumtemperatur 30 h gerührt. Anschließend werden 20 mg Proteinase K (Tritirachium albυm, Boehringer, Mannheim) zugegeben und weitere 12 h gerührt. Die Suspension wird sodann 24 h bei 4°C dreimal gegen 15 L destillierten Wassers dialysiert und danach gefriergetrocknet. Der enzymbehandelte Extrakt wird erneut in destilliertem Wasser aufgenommen, so daß eine Endkonzentration von 50 mg/mL erreicht wird. Diese Suspension wird dreimal in der Kälte ultrazentrifugiert (155.000 x g, 4°C/ 4 h). Das Sediment (LPS) wird in 150 mL destilliertem Wasser aufgenommen und noch einmal drei Tage gegen Wasser dialysiert und danach lyophilisiert (Ausbeute LPS: 1 ,45 g, 3.1 % m/m).47 g of the freeze-dried bacteria, which had previously been washed twice with distilled water, were extracted according to Westphal and Jann in accordance with a modified procedure. The modification consisted in a subsequent enzyme treatment (DNAse, RNAse, Proteinase K) of the aqueous extract, which serves to remove any foreign proteins and DNA / RNA components. For this purpose, 20 mg RNAse (ribonuclease A, bovine pancreas, Sigma) and 20 mg DNAse (Dnase I, bovine pancreas, grade II. Sigma) are added to the aqueous phase (approx. 1.2 L) at room temperature, and the mixture is added Room temperature stirred for 30 h. Then 20 mg proteinase K (Tritirachium albυm, Boehringer, Mannheim) are added and the mixture is stirred for a further 12 h. The suspension is then dialyzed three times against 15 L of distilled water at 4 ° C. for 24 h and then freeze-dried. The enzyme-treated extract is again taken up in distilled water so that a final concentration of 50 mg / ml is reached. This suspension is used three times in the cold ultracentrifuged (155,000 xg, 4 ° C / 4 h). The sediment (LPS) is taken up in 150 mL distilled water and dialyzed again against water for three days and then lyophilized (yield LPS: 1.45 g, 3.1% m / m).
Beispiel 2Example 2
Analyse des LPS aus E. coli Stamm DSM 6601Analysis of the LPS from E. coli strain DSM 6601
Hexosamin (HexN) (bedeutet hier Glukosamin + Galaktosamin, GIcN + GalN) wurde nach dem modifizierten Morgan-Elson-Test bestimmt (Strominger, J.L., Park, J.T. Thompson, R.E. J. Biol. Chem. 234, 3263-3268 (1959)), aber alternativ auch mittels HPLC (PICO-TAG, Waters). Im Gegensatz zum Morgan-Elson-Test können bei diesem Analyseverfahren nicht nur GIcN und GalN getrennt bestimmt und quantifiziert werden, sondern es kann darüber hinaus auch noch die Anwesenheit von GIcN- Phosphat, 2-Ethanolamin (Etn) und 2-Ethanolaminphosphat (Etn-P), welche häufig in LPS vorkommen, parallel ermittelt werden. Gas- Flüssigkeitschromatographie (GC) wurde an einem Varian 3700 GC oder Hewlett Packard (HP 5890 Serie II) Gaschromatograph auf einer Kapillarsäule (fused-silica SPB-5®, 30 m, Supeico) durchgeführt. Die kombinierte Gas-Flüssigkeits-chromatographie/Massenspektrometrie (GC-MS) erfolgte an einem Massenspektrometer (HP Modell 5989), das mit einer HP- 1 Kapillarsäule (30 m. Hewlett Packard) ausgerüstet war. Die GC- bzw. GC- MS Analysen wurden für die Bestimmung der Neutralzucker (Glc, Gal, Hep, Man) als deren Alditolacetate angewandt (Sawardeker, J.S., Slonerker, J.H. Jeanes, A. Anal. Chem. 37, 1602-1604 (1967)) sowie für die Bestimmung und Quantifizierung der Fettsäuren als deren Fettsäuremethylester-Derivate nach starker Methanolyse (2M HCI/MeOH, 120°C, 16h) (Wollenweber, H.- W. and Rietschei, E.Th., Analysis of lipopolysaccharide (lipid A) fatty acids, J. Microbiol. Meth. 11, (1990) 195-211) und Extraktion mit Chloroform. Bei beiden GC-Analyseverfahren wurde bei 150°C (isotherm für 3 min) gestartet und mittels eines linearen Temperaturgradienten von 5°C/min bis 320°C erhöht. Phosphat wurde nach Lowry et al. (Lowry, O.H., Roberts, N.R., Leiner, K.Y., Wu, M.KL. Farr, A.L, j. Biol. Chem. 207, 1-17 (1954)) und die 2-Keto-3-desoxy-D-manno-oktulo'sonsäure (Kdo) mittels desHexosamine (HexN) (here means glucosamine + galactosamine, GIcN + GalN) was determined using the modified Morgan-Elson test (Strominger, JL, Park, JT Thompson, REJ Biol. Chem. 234, 3263-3268 (1959)), but alternatively also by means of HPLC (PICO-TAG, Waters). In contrast to the Morgan-Elson test, this analysis method not only allows GIcN and GalN to be determined and quantified separately, but also the presence of GIcN phosphate, 2-ethanolamine (Etn) and 2-ethanolamine phosphate (Etn- P), which often occur in LPS, are determined in parallel. Gas liquid chromatography (GC) was carried out on a Varian 3700 GC or Hewlett Packard (HP 5890 Series II) gas chromatograph on a capillary column (fused-silica SPB-5®, 30 m, Supeico). The combined gas-liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out on a mass spectrometer (HP Model 5989) which was equipped with an HP-1 capillary column (30 m. Hewlett Packard). The GC or GC-MS analyzes were used for the determination of the neutral sugars (Glc, Gal, Hep, Man) as their alditol acetates (Sawardeker, JS, Slonerker, JH Jeanes, A. Anal. Chem. 37, 1602-1604 ( 1967)) and for the determination and quantification of fatty acids as their fatty acid methyl ester derivatives after strong methanolysis (2M HCl / MeOH, 120 ° C, 16h) (Wollenweber, H.- W. and Rietschei, E.Th., Analysis of lipopolysaccharide (lipid A) fatty acids, J. Microbiol. Meth. 11, (1990) 195-211) and extraction with chloroform. In both GC analysis methods, the process was started at 150 ° C. (isothermal for 3 minutes) and increased from 5 ° C./min to 320 ° C. using a linear temperature gradient. According to Lowry et al. (Lowry, OH, Roberts, NR, Leiner, KY, Wu, M.KL. Farr, AL, J. Biol. Chem. 207, 1-17 (1954)) and the 2-keto-3-deoxy-D- manno-oktulo'sonic acid (Kdo) using the
Thiobarbitursäuretestes bestimmt (Waravdekar, V.C. & Saslaw, L.D., . Biol. Chem. 234, 1945-1950 (1959)).Thiobarbituric acid test determined (Waravdekar, V.C. & Saslaw, L.D.,. Biol. Chem. 234, 1945-1950 (1959)).
Darstellung und Reinigung des freien Lipoid A und des ernoligosaccharidsPreparation and purification of free lipoid A and ernoligosaccharide
LPS (258,8 mg) wurde in 25 mL 0.1 M NaOAc/HOAc (pH 4.4) suspendiert und bei 100 °C für 1 h einer milden Säurehydrolyse unterzogen. Danach wurde der lipophile Anteil (Lipoid A) aus dem Hydrolysat mit 25 mL Chloroform dreimal extrahiert (Ausbeute 23,2 mg). Das Lipoid A aus der organischen Phase wurde mittels einer präparativen Schichtchromatographie (PSC) weiter aufgereinigt (2 mm PSC Kieselgel 60 Platte, E. Merck, Darmstadt), die mit Chloroform-Methanol-Wasser 100:75:15 (v/v/v) chromatographiert und durch Eintauchen in destil liiertes Wasser entwickelt wurde. Auf diese Weise wurden 6 Fraktionen erhalten, von denen die Hauptfraktion (Rf --. 0.4) das gereinigte diphosphorylierte Hexaacyl-Lipoid A darstellt (DPHLA-Ec6601). Das gereinigte DPHLA-Ec6501 (Ausbeute 2.06 mg) wurde in Chloroform-Methanol 8:2 (v/v) gelöst und vor der MALDl-TOF-MS mit Ionenaustauscher (Amberlite IRA 120, H+-Form) behandelt. Ein Aliquot (250 μg) des gereinigten DPHLA-Ec6601 wurde für die biologischen Experimente verwendet. Die wässrige Phase der Chloroform Extraktion wurde gefriergetrocknet (Ausbeute: 272 mg) und das Oligosaccharid mittels einer TSK-Säule [3,5 x 90 cm, TSK HW-40(S), E. Merck] in Pyridin-Essigsäure-Wasser 8:20:2000, (v/v/v) weiter aufgereinigt. Die einzelnen Oligosaccharid-Fraktionen (Pool A, B, C und D) wurden mittels GC-MS und NMR-Spektroskopie analysiert. Die Hauptfraktion (Pool A, #28-41 ; 49,05 mg), welche sowohl Zuckerbestandteile der O-Kette (Man, GalNac) als auch solche des Kernoligosaccharids (Hep, Kdo) enthielt, wurde weiter aufgereinigt. Die anderen Fraktionen enthielten Monosaccharide, nicht näher untersuchte Artefakte des Kdo (Anhydro- und Laktone) und schließlich Salz. Die Hauptfraktion der TSK-Trennung zeigte sowohl in der GC-MS-Analyse als auch in der NMR-Analyse alle Bestandteile des Kernoligosaccharids (Kdo, Gal, Hep) und der O-Kette (Man, GalNAc) und wurde deshalb weiter aufgearbeitet.LPS (258.8 mg) was suspended in 25 mL 0.1 M NaOAc / HOAc (pH 4.4) and subjected to mild acid hydrolysis at 100 ° C for 1 h. The lipophilic portion (Lipoid A) was then extracted three times from the hydrolyzate with 25 mL chloroform (yield 23.2 mg). The lipoid A from the organic phase was further purified by means of preparative layer chromatography (PSC) (2 mm PSC silica gel 60 plate, E. Merck, Darmstadt), which was washed with chloroform-methanol-water 100: 75: 15 (v / v / v ) was chromatographed and developed by immersion in distilled water. In this way 6 fractions were obtained, of which the main fraction (R f -. 0.4) is the purified diphosphorylated hexaacyl lipoid A (DPHLA-Ec 6601 ). The purified DPHLA-Ec 6501 (yield 2.06 mg) was dissolved in chloroform-methanol 8: 2 (v / v) and treated with ion exchanger (Amberlite IRA 120, H + form) before the MALDI-TOF-MS. An aliquot (250 μg) of the purified DPHLA-Ec 6601 was used for the biological experiments. The aqueous phase of the chloroform extraction was freeze-dried (yield: 272 mg) and the oligosaccharide using a TSK column [3.5 x 90 cm, TSK HW-40 (S), E. Merck] in pyridine-acetic acid-water 8: 20: 2000, (v / v / v) further purified. The individual oligosaccharide fractions (pools A, B, C and D) were analyzed by GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The main fraction (Pool A, # 28-41; 49.05 mg), which contained both sugar components of the O chain (Man, GalNac) and those of the core oligosaccharide (Hep, Kdo), was further purified. The other fractions contained monosaccharides, undetected artifacts of Kdo (anhydro- and lactones) and finally salt. The main fraction of the TSK separation showed all components of the core oligosaccharide (Kdo, Gal, Hep) and the O chain (Man, GalNAc) in both the GC-MS analysis and the NMR analysis and was therefore further processed.
Hierzu wurde zunächst geprüft, ob eine analytische Hochdruck-Anionen- Austausch-Chromatographie („high pressure anion exchange chromatography, HPAEC") geeignet ist, um die Oligosaccharide zur Homogenität zu reinigen. Dazu wurde eine spezifische HPLC-Methodik zur Analyse von komplexen Zuckerstrukturen (DIONEX-System) mit einer analytischen CarboPac PA1 Säule; (4,6 mm x 250 mm) und einem linearen Salz-Gradienten (5 min bei 0, dann in 50 min auf 0,5 M NaOAc) bei einer Flußrate von 1 mlJmin verwendet. Das Eluat wurde mittels eines pulsamperometrischen Detektors (PAD) auf Reduktionsequivalenzen (Zuckermoleküle) detektiert. Auf diese Weise konnten vier Oligosaccharid- Fraktionen erhalten werden, die mittels einer semipräparativen HPAEC in analoger Weise weiter aufgereinigt wurden. Die semipräpararive HPAEC erfolgte mittels einer CarboPac PA1 Säule [(9 mm x 250 mm) Dionex System] mit gleichem Salz-Gradienten wie bei der analytischen HPAEC (5 min bei 0, dann in 50 min auf 0,5 M NaOAc) und einer Flußrate von 4 mlJmin. Das Auftragen des Oligosaccharids (42 mg; pool A aus der TSK-Säule) auf die semipräparative HPAEC erfolgte in zwei analogen HPAEC-Läufen. Das ElViat wurde in Fraktionen zu je einer Minute gesammelt, und diese wurden einzeln mittels der analytischen . HPAEC untersucht. Auf diese Weise wurden mittels semipräparativer HPAEC zwei Hauptfraktionen erhalten (Fraktion I, Retentionszeit tR ~ 12 min und Fraktion II, tR ~ 15 min). Beide HPAEC-Fraktionen mußten vor der MALDl-TOF-MS und NMR-Analyse mittels einer G-10-Säule (2,5 x 120 cm) entsalzt werden (Ausbeute: Fraktion I 4,68 mg; Fraktion II 4,39 mg).For this purpose, it was first checked whether analytical high pressure anion exchange chromatography ("HPAEC") is suitable for purifying the oligosaccharides for homogeneity. For this purpose, a specific HPLC methodology for the analysis of complex sugar structures ( DIONEX system) with an analytical CarboPac PA1 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm) and a linear salt gradient (5 min at 0, then in 50 min at 0.5 M NaOAc) at a flow rate of 1 mlJmin The eluate was detected by means of a pulse amperometric detector (PAD) for reduction equivalences (sugar molecules), so that four oligosaccharide fractions could be obtained, which were further purified in an analogous manner by means of a semi-preparative HPAEC. The semi-preparative HPAEC was carried out using a CarboPac PA1 column [(9 mm x 250 mm) Dionex System] with the same salt gradient as in the analytical HPAEC (5 min at 0, then in 50 min at 0.5 M NaOAc) and a flow rate of 4 ml / min. The oligosaccharide (42 mg; pool A from the TSK column) was applied to the semi-preparative HPAEC in two analog HPAEC runs. The ElViat was collected in fractions of one minute each, and these were analyzed individually using the analytical. HPAEC examined. In this way, two main fractions were obtained using semipreparative HPAEC (fraction I, retention time t R ~ 12 min and fraction II, t R ~ 15 min). Before the MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR analysis, both HPAEC fractions had to be desalted using a G-10 column (2.5 × 120 cm) (yield: fraction I 4.68 mg; fraction II 4.39 mg) ,
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MassenspektrometrieMatrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisaton time-of-flight Massenspektrometrie (MALDl-TOF-MS) wurde an einem Bruker-Reflex" Flugzeitspektrometer (Bruker-Franzen Analytik, Bremen) ausschließlich in der linearen Konfiguration und im negativen Modus bei. einer Beschleunigungsspannung von 20 kV und der „delayed ion extraction" aufgenommen. Die Proben wurden zunächst in Chloroform (Lipoid A) oder destilliertem Wasser (Oligosaccharid-Fraktionen) in einer Konzentration von 10 μg/μL, gelöst und 2 μL Aliquot davon mit 2 μL einer Matrixlösung, bestehend aus 0,5 M 2,4,6- Trihydroxyacetophenon (Aldrich, Steinheim) in Methanol, gelöst. Aliquots (0,5 μL) dieser Mischung wurden auf einen Metallhalter aufgetragen und mit einem Fön getrocknet.Matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was performed on a Bruker-Reflex "time-of-flight spectrometer (Bruker-Franzen Analytik, Bremen) exclusively in the linear configuration and in negative mode at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV and the "delayed ion extraction" added. The samples were first dissolved in chloroform (Lipoid A) or distilled water (oligosaccharide fractions) in a concentration of 10 μg / μL, and 2 μL aliquot thereof with 2 μL of a matrix solution consisting of 0.5 M 2,4,6 - Trihydroxyacetophenon (Aldrich, Steinheim) dissolved in methanol. aliquots (0.5 µL) of this mixture was applied to a metal holder and dried with a hair dryer.
NMR SpektroskopieNMR spectroscopy
Eindimensionale (1 D) ^ und 3 P-NMR- und zweidimensionale (2D) NMR- Spektren wurden mit einem Bruker Avance DRX-600 Spektrometer (Bruker, Rheinstetten) und 13C NMR Spektren mit einem Bruker AMX-360- Spektrometer bei 300 K in H20 aufgenommen. Vor jeder Messung wurden die Proben zweimal mit deuteriertem Wasser (2H20) gefriergetrocknet. Als externes Referenzsignal wurde Aceton (δH 2,225 ppm, δc 31 ,45 ppm) oder 85% H3P04 (δp 0 ppm) verwendet. Standard Bruker Software (XWINNMR 1.3) wurde zur Aufnahme der NMR-Daten verwendet. Die Mischzeiten für die TOCSY (total correlated spectroscopy) bzw. NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy) waren 100 bzw. 500 ms.One-dimensional (1 D) ^ and 3 P-NMR and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra were obtained with a Bruker Avance DRX-600 spectrometer (Bruker, Rheinstetten) and 13 C NMR spectra with a Bruker AMX-360 spectrometer at 300 K. included in H 2 0. Before each measurement, the samples were freeze-dried twice with deuterated water ( 2 H 2 0). Acetone (δ H 2.225 ppm, δ c 31, 45 ppm) or 85% H 3 P0 4 (δp 0 ppm) was used as the external reference signal. Standard Bruker software (XWINNMR 1.3) was used to record the NMR data. The mixing times for the TOCSY (total correlated spectroscopy) and NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy) were 100 and 500 ms, respectively.
Serologische AnalysenSerological analysis
Die serologischen Analysen wurden als Westem-Blots durchgeführt, die mit drei verschiedenen Antikörpern entwickelt wurden..The serological analyzes were carried out as Western blots, which were developed with three different antibodies.
1. Polyklonales Anti-O6-Antiserum (Kaninchen) wurde mit E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 (Serotyp 06:K5:H1) im Hygieneinstitut Hamburg hergestellt (Prof. Bockemühl). 2. Polyklonales Anti-f. coli R1-Antiserum (Kaninchen, Interne Bezeichnung: K299/d58) wurde durch Immunisierung mit einer Rauhform-Mutante erhalten, welche ein R1-Core besitzt (Anti-R1).1. Polyclonal anti-O6 antiserum (rabbit) was produced with E. coli strain DSM 6601 (serotype 06: K5: H1) in the Hygiene Institute Hamburg (Prof. Bockemühl). 2. Polyclonal anti-f. coli R1 antiserum (rabbit, internal name: K299 / d58) was obtained by immunization with a rough-form mutant which has an R1 core (anti-R1).
3. Ein monoklonaler Antikörper (WN1-222-5, interne Bezeichnung F 167), wurde verwendet, der gegen alle E. coli Kernoligosaccharide ab einer Minimalstruktur (>Rd) breit kreuzreagiert.3. A monoclonal antibody (WN1-222-5, internal name F 167) was used, which cross-reacts broadly against all E. coli nuclear oligosaccharides from a minimal structure (> Rd).
Tabelle:Table:
Komponentenanalyse von E. coli LPS extrahiert aus dem Stamm DSM 6601Component analysis of E. coli LPS extracted from strain DSM 6601
Komponente Menge der Komponente nmol/mg (mol/LPS)a Component Amount of component nmol / mg (mol / LPS) a
Kohlenhydrate 1. Analyse 2. AnalyseCarbohydrates 1. Analysis 2. Analysis
GlcN 283 (1.8) n.b.GlcN 283 (1.8) n.a.
GalN 139 (0.9) n.b.GalN 139 (0.9) n.a.
HexNc 591 (3.8) 589 (2.9)HexN c 591 (3.8) 589 (2.9)
Kdo 248 (1.6) 242 (1.2)Kdo 248 (1.6) 242 (1.2)
Man 321 (2.1) 383 (1.9)Man 321 (2.1) 383 (1.9)
Gal 474 (3.0) 557 (2.8)Gal 474 (3.0) 557 (2.8)
Glc 1069 (6.9) 1291. (6.4)Glc 1069 (6.9) 1291 . (6.4)
L, D-Hep 566 (3.6) 442 (2.2)L, D-Hep 566 (3.6) 442 (2.2)
polare Kopfgruppen P 1188 (7.6) 1146 (5.7)polar head groups P 1188 (7.6) 1146 (5.7)
Etn-P 85 (0.5) n.b.Etn-P 85 (0.5) n.a.
Fettsäurenfatty acids
12:0 130 (0.8) 162 (0.8)12: 0 130 (0.8) 162 (0.8)
14:0 156 (1.0) 201 (1.0)14: 0 156 (1.0) 201 (1.0)
14:0(3-OH) 460 (3.0) 504 (2.5) 16:0 Spuren Spuren14: 0 (3-OH) 460 (3.0) 504 (2.5) 16: 0 lanes lanes
3 Das molare Verhältnis der einzelnen Komponenten (in Klammern) wurde, wegen des Vorhandenseins von GalNAc und GIcNAc in der O-Kette, auf den Wert der Myristinsäure (14:0) normiert (1.0 mol 14:0/mol LPS). b GIcN bestimmt mittels Aminosäureanalysator. Wert ergibt sich aus der Summe von GIcN und GlcN-6P. c HexN photometrisch bestimmt nach Morgan-Elson n.b. nicht bestimmt. 3 Because of the presence of GalNAc and GIcNAc in the O chain, the molar ratio of the individual components (in brackets) was standardized to the value of myristic acid (14: 0) (1.0 mol 14: 0 / mol LPS). b GIcN determined using an amino acid analyzer. Value results from the sum of GIcN and GlcN-6P. c HexN determined photometrically according to Morgan-Elson nb not determined.
Die nach dem beschriebenen Verfahren gewonnenen LPS-Präparate wurden zusammen mit Vergleichs-LPS der Polyacrylamid-Gelelektrophorese unterzogen (vgl. Abb. 1). Für die Darstellung der SDS-PAGE-Analyse des LPS wurde mit 16%) Polyacrylamidgelen gearbeitet (U.K., Laemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of head of bacteriophage T4, Nature, 227, 680-685 (1970)). Die LPS-Banden wurden mittels der empfindlichen alkalischen Silberfärbemethode angefärbt (CM. Tsai and Frasch, C.F., A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels, Anal. Biochem., 119, 1982, 115-119).The LPS preparations obtained by the described method were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis together with comparison LPS (cf. Fig. 1). 16%) polyacrylamide gels were used to display the SDS-PAGE analysis of the LPS (UK, Laemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of head of bacteriophage T4, Nature, 227, 680-685 (1970)). The LPS bands were stained using the sensitive alkaline silver staining method (CM. Tsai and Frasch, CF, A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels, anal. Biochem., 119, 1982, 115-119).
Das Ergebnis der Untersuchungen ist in Abbildung 1 dargestellt.The result of the investigations is shown in Figure 1.
Beispiel 3Example 3
Biologische AktivitätBiological activity
a) IL-1 -Aktivitäta) IL-1 activity
Die IL-1 -Aktivität wird mittels eines MNC-Proliferationsassays in einem Kulturüberstand bestimmt. Humane Monozyten (MNC) werden aus dem peripheren Blut freiwilliger Spender isoliert (8 x 105 MNC/200 L) und diese in ein Glas überführt und gleichzeitig mit Testsubstanz versetzt. Für die Testung der biologischen Aktivität in vitro werden die Zellen zunächst mit LPS stimuliert (10 ng/mL). Nach einer Inkubationszeit von 8 Stunden werden 150 mL des Kulturüberstandes auf Cytokinfreisetzung hin untersucht. Die IL- 1-Aktivität wird mittels eines Fibroblasten-Proliferationsassays in einem Kulturüberstand bestimmt. Die dazu notwendigen Fibroblasten wurden aus humaner Vorhaut gewonnen. Die Proliferation dieser Fibroblasten wurde durch IL-1 gesteigert. Durch einen Vergleich der Dosiswirkungskurve des Kulturüberstandes mit der Kurve des Standards in einer Probitanalyse wird die biologische Aktivität im Kulturüberstand bestimmt. Das LPS aus einem bekannten endotoxisch aktiven Bakterienstamm {Salmonella friedenau) dient als Referenz (positive Kontrolle) und ist daher in der Abbildung 5 mit aufgeführt. b) TNFα-AktivitätIL-1 activity is determined using an MNC proliferation assay in a culture supernatant. Human monocytes (MNC) are isolated from the peripheral blood of voluntary donors (8 x 10 5 MNC / 200 L) and transferred to a glass and mixed with test substance at the same time. To test the biological activity in vitro, the cells are first stimulated with LPS (10 ng / mL). After an incubation period of 8 hours, 150 ml of the culture supernatant are examined for cytokine release. IL-1 activity is determined using a fibroblast proliferation assay in a culture supernatant. The necessary fibroblasts were obtained from human foreskin. The proliferation of these fibroblasts was increased by IL-1. The biological activity in the culture supernatant is determined by comparing the dose-response curve of the culture supernatant with the curve of the standard in a probit analysis. The LPS from a known endotoxically active bacterial strain (Salmonella friedenau) serves as a reference (positive control) and is therefore shown in Figure 5. b) TNFα activity
Die TNFα-Aktivität in einem Kulturüberstand wird in einem Zytotoxizitätsassay mit der TNF-empfindlichen Zeliinie L929 bestimmt. Der Vergleich der Dosiswirkungskurve des Kulturüberstandes mit der Kurve des Standards in einer Probitanalyse läßt die Bestimmung der TNF-Aktivität zu. Auch hier dient ein bekannt endotoxisch aktives LPS aus Salmonella friedenau als positive Kontrolle. Die Ergebnisse sind in der Abbildung 6 graphisch dargestellt.The TNFα activity in a culture supernatant is determined in a cytotoxicity assay with the TNF-sensitive cell line L929. The TNF activity can be determined by comparing the dose-response curve of the culture supernatant with the curve of the standard in a probit analysis. Here too, a known endotoxically active LPS from Salmonella friedenau serves as a positive control. The results are shown graphically in Figure 6.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich hinsichtlich der 1L-1- und der TNFα- Ausschüttung keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen dem LPS aus Salmonella friedenau, das als Standard und Positivkontrolle dient, und dem LPS aus dem Stamm DSM 6601 feststellen lassen (Abb. 5 und 6, Bilder unten). Dies wird auch dadurch bestätigt, daß das Lipoid A des Stammes DSM 6601 fast deckungsgleich aktiv mit dem hoch aufgereinigten Lipoid A von E. coli ist (Abb. 5 und 6, Bilder oben). The results show that with regard to the 1L-1 and the TNFα release no significant differences between the LPS from Salmonella friedenau, which serves as a standard and positive control, and the LPS from the strain DSM 6601 can be determined (Fig. 5 and 6 , Pictures below). This is also confirmed by the fact that the lipoid A of the strain DSM 6601 is almost congruently active with the highly purified lipoid A of E. coli (Figs. 5 and 6, pictures above).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Lipopolysaccharid (LPS) mit einer in Abb. 7 dargestellten Struktur.1. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with a structure shown in Fig. 7.
2. LPS nach Anspruch 1 , gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an 8 Phosphatresten pro Molekül LPS.2. LPS according to claim 1, characterized by a content of 8 phosphate residues per molecule of LPS.
3. LPS nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an 0,5 mol P-Etn pro Molekül LPS.3. LPS according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a content of 0.5 mol P-Etn per molecule LPS.
4. Verfahren zur Gewinnung von LPS nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine gewaschene und getrocknete E. coli Bakterienmasse in an sich bekannter Weise einer Phenol/Wasserextraktion unterworfen und der so gewonnene Extrakt einer Behandlung mit RNAsen/DNAsen und Proteinase K unterzogen wird.4. A process for the production of LPS according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that a washed and dried E. coli bacterial mass is subjected to a phenol / water extraction in a manner known per se and the extract thus obtained is subjected to a treatment with RNAsen / DNAsen and Proteinase K. becomes.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 eingesetzt wird.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that E. coli strain DSM 6601 is used.
6. Verwendung von Lipopolysaccharid aus E. coli Stamm DSM 6601 nach Anspruch 1 bis 3 für mikrobiologische, biotechnische, analytische, diagnostische und/oder medizinische Zwecke. 6. Use of lipopolysaccharide from E. coli strain DSM 6601 according to claim 1 to 3 for microbiological, biotechnical, analytical, diagnostic and / or medical purposes.
EP01940260A 2000-03-20 2001-03-20 LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES (LPS) EXTRACTED FROM i ESCHERICHIA COLI /i Withdrawn EP1266023A2 (en)

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DE10013539A DE10013539B4 (en) 2000-03-20 2000-03-20 Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides, process for their preparation and their uses
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PCT/EP2001/003153 WO2001070756A2 (en) 2000-03-20 2001-03-20 Lipopolysaccharides (lps) extracted from escherichia coli

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WO2005051321A2 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-06-09 Washington University Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease through induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
US8821884B2 (en) * 2004-07-27 2014-09-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Compositions and methods using MD-2 mutants and chimeric proteins
CN100354428C (en) * 2005-01-13 2007-12-12 丁友玲 Method for preparing endotoxin indicator in use testing dry heat sterilization devices in tunnel type
US10017727B2 (en) 2005-11-28 2018-07-10 Gen-Ichiro Soma Method for fermentation and culture, fermented plant extract, fermented plant extract composition, method for producing lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide
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US20130066064A1 (en) * 2010-05-20 2013-03-14 Glaxosmithkline Biologicals S.A, Novel process
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