EP1264094A2 - Method for operating an internal combustion engine in particular in a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating an internal combustion engine in particular in a motor vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP1264094A2
EP1264094A2 EP00991124A EP00991124A EP1264094A2 EP 1264094 A2 EP1264094 A2 EP 1264094A2 EP 00991124 A EP00991124 A EP 00991124A EP 00991124 A EP00991124 A EP 00991124A EP 1264094 A2 EP1264094 A2 EP 1264094A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyst
concentration
oxygen
combustion engine
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00991124A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eberhard Schnaibel
Andreas Koring
Holger Bellmann
Thomas Wahl
Andreas Blumenstock
Klaus Winkler
Frank Stanglmeier
Bernd Schumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1264094A2 publication Critical patent/EP1264094A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D41/1408—Dithering techniques
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0811—NOx storage efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, in which nitrogen oxide is applied to a catalytic converter and in which the concentration of oxygen after the catalytic converter is measured.
  • the invention also relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, and an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle.
  • Such a method, such a control device: and such an internal combustion engine are known, for example, in a so-called intake manifold injection. There, the fuel is injected into the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine during the intake phase. The at the
  • a method of the type mentioned above is also from an internal combustion engine with direct injection known. There, the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine during the intake phase. The nitrogen oxides produced are temporarily stored in the downstream catalytic converter and then converted to oxygen.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for operating an internal combustion engine with which the aging of the catalyst can be detected.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in a process of the type mentioned at the outset by increasing the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst and by concluding from an increase in the concentration of oxygen after the catalyst that the catalyst is convertible.
  • the task is solved accordingly.
  • the present invention can be used equally in a manifold injection as in a direct injection internal combustion engine.
  • the increase in the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst leads to an increased conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the resulting increase in the concentration of oxygen after the catalyst is measured.
  • the convertibility of the catalyst can be concluded from this increase.
  • Convertibility can also be decreased by increasing the concentration of oxygen. This can be used as a measure of the convertibility and thus of the aging of the catalyst.
  • the required lambda probe for measuring the concentration of oxygen after the catalytic converter can also be used for other purposes, for example for controlling and / or regulating the internal combustion engine, in particular for a so-called control control.
  • the concentration of oxygen upstream of the catalyst is kept constant. This ensures that only the increased nitrogen oxides to an increase in the concentration of
  • the lambda upstream of the catalytic converter is kept constant. This also means that only the increased nitrogen oxides lead to an increase in the concentration of oxygen after the catalyst. The method according to the invention is thus considerably simplified.
  • the measured concentration of oxygen after the catalyst represents a concentration of the catalyst
  • Nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst are achieved by detuning the ignition timing and / or by other interventions in the control and / or regulation of the internal combustion engine. These are particularly simple and yet precisely understandable options for changing the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst. A repetition of the method according to the invention and thus a continuous diagnosis of the catalytic converter is thus easily possible.
  • control element which is provided for a control device of an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle.
  • a program is stored on the control element, which is executable on a computing device, in particular on a microprocessor, and is suitable for executing the method according to the invention.
  • the invention is thus implemented by a program stored on the control element, so that this control element provided with the program represents the invention in the same way as the method, for the execution of which the program is suitable.
  • an electrical storage medium can be used as the control element, for example a read-only memory or a flash memory.
  • the figure shows an internal combustion engine 1 of a motor vehicle, in which a piston 2 can be moved back and forth in a cylinder 3.
  • the cylinder 3 is provided with a combustion chamber 4 which is delimited inter alia by the piston 2, an inlet valve 5 and an outlet valve 6.
  • An intake pipe 7 is coupled to the inlet valve 5 and an exhaust pipe 8 is coupled to the exhaust valve 6.
  • An injection valve 9 is provided in the intake pipe 7. In the area of the inlet valve 5 and the outlet valve 6, a spark plug 10 protrudes into the combustion chamber 4. Fuel can be injected into the intake pipe 7 via the injection valve 9. The air / fuel mixture drawn into the combustion chamber 4 can be ignited with the spark plug 10.
  • a rotatable throttle valve 11 is accommodated in the intake pipe 7. The amount of the combustion chamber 4 supplied
  • Air is dependent on the angular position of the throttle valve 11.
  • a catalytic converter 12 is accommodated in the exhaust pipe 8, which serves to clean the exhaust gases resulting from the combustion of the fuel.
  • the catalytic converter 12 is provided for Convert nitrogen oxides (NOx) into nitrogen and oxygen.
  • a continuous lambda probe 13 is provided in the exhaust pipe immediately downstream of the catalytic converter 12 and is suitable for measuring the concentration 02 free of the free oxygen behind the catalytic converter 12 in the exhaust gas.
  • a control device 18 is acted upon by input signals 19, which represent operating variables of the internal combustion engine 1 measured by sensors.
  • the control unit 18 generates output signals 20 with which the behavior of the internal combustion engine 1 can be influenced via actuators or actuators.
  • the control unit 18 is provided to control and / or regulate the operating variables of the internal combustion engine 1. For that purpose it is
  • Control unit 18 is provided with a microprocessor, which has stored a program in a storage medium, in particular in a flash memory, which is suitable for carrying out the aforementioned control and / or regulation.
  • nitrogen oxides are generated, from which the catalytic converter 12 is acted on. These nitrogen oxides are converted by the catalytic converter 12 into nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the ongoing conversion leads to a limitation of the
  • the concentration 02 free of the free oxygen behind the catalyst 12 is composed of the concentration 02 exhaust gas of the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the catalyst 12 and the concentration 02Kat of the oxygen released by the catalyst 12 from the nitrogen oxides supplied.
  • the 02Abgas concentration is approximately in the alcohol range and the 02Kat concentration is in the ppm range.
  • the concentration 02 exhaust gas of the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the catalytic converter 12 is dependent on the oxygen concentration upstream of the catalytic converter and thus on lambda upstream of the catalytic converter 12. For carrying out the diagnosis of the catalytic converter 12 described below, the concentration of the oxygen upstream of the catalytic converter 12 and thus lambda kept constant in front of the catalyst 12. The concentration 02 exhaust gas of the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the catalytic converter 12 is thus constant.
  • the concentration or number of nitrogen oxides upstream of the catalytic converter 12 is increased. This can be done, for example, by detuning the ignition timing of individual cylinders or similar measures.
  • the increased concentration 02Kat in turn leads to an increased concentration 02free of the free oxygen behind the catalyst 12.
  • the increased concentration 02free of free oxygen behind the catalytic converter 12 is measured by the steady lambda probe 13 behind the catalytic converter 12. Due to the constant concentration 02 exhaust gas of the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the catalyst 12 represents that of the
  • Lambda probe 13 measured increased concentration 02 free of the free oxygen immediately increases the concentration 02Kat of the oxygen released by the catalyst 12 from the nitrogen oxides supplied.
  • the diagnosis described above is from the Control unit 18 carried out at predetermined time intervals and / or on the basis of predetermined events. This results in a series of successive measurement results of the increased concentration 02frei, which - as said - represent the increase in the concentration 02Kat.
  • the convertibility of the catalyst 12 decreases over time due to aging. This reduction in the convertibility means that the concentration 02Kat in the measurement results carried out above also decreases over time.
  • the concentration 02Kat is a measure of the convertibility and thus the aging of the catalyst 12.
  • the control unit 18 From the individual measurement results and the course of the successive measurement results of the concentration 02ok, the control unit 18 finally concludes that the converter 12 is capable of conversion and thus of the aging of the catalyst 12. This will e.g. achieved by monitoring the change in concentration 02 freely. It is also possible to monitor the absolute values of concentration 02 freely and, for example, to compare them with the values of a new catalyst. All of these comparisons can be carried out individually or in combination by the control unit 18. Overall, the control unit 18 is thus able to determine the aging or the aging state of the catalytic converter 12. If this aging exceeds a predetermined one
  • Threshold value this is indicated by the control unit 18 to the operator of the internal combustion engine 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

An internal combustion engine (1), in particular, for a motor vehicle, is disclosed, comprising a catalyst (12), which can be treated with nitrogen oxides. A lambda probe (13) is provided, for the measurement of oxygen concentration after the catalyst (12). The nitrogen oxides which are fed to the catalyst (12) may be increased by a controller (18) and, by means of an increase in the oxygen content after the catalyst (12), the conversion efficiency of the catalyst (12) may be determined.

Description

Verf ahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraf maschine insbesondere eines Kraf tf ahrzeugsMethod for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, bei dem ein Katalysator mit Stickoxiden beaufschlagt wird, und bei dem die Konzentration des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator gemessen werden. Ebenfalls betrifft die Erfindung ein Steuergerät für eine Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs sowie eine Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere für ein Kraft ahrzeug.The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, in which nitrogen oxide is applied to a catalytic converter and in which the concentration of oxygen after the catalytic converter is measured. The invention also relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, and an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle.
Ein derartiges Verfahren, ein derartiges Steuergerät: und eine derartige Brennkraftmaschine sind beispielsweise bei einer sogenannten Saugrohreinspritzung bekannt . Dort wird der Kraftstoff während der Ansaugphase in das Ansaugrohr der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt. Die bei derSuch a method, such a control device: and such an internal combustion engine are known, for example, in a so-called intake manifold injection. There, the fuel is injected into the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine during the intake phase. The at the
Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs entstehenden Stickoxide werden in dem Katalysator unter anderem in Stickstoff und Sauerstoff konvertiert. Es ist bekannt, daß der Katalysator einer Alterung unterliegt, die zu einer Einschränkung seiner Konvertierungsfähigkeit führt.Combustion of the fuel generated nitrogen oxides are converted into nitrogen and oxygen in the catalytic converter. It is known that the catalyst is subject to aging which leads to a restriction of its convertibility.
Ein Verfahren der vorstehend genannten Art ist auch von einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Direkteinspritzung bekannt . Dort wird der Kraftstoff unter anderem während der Ansaugphase direkt in den Brennraum der Brennkraf maschine eingespritzt. Die entstehenden Stickoxide werden in dem nachgeordneten Katalysator gegebenenfalls zwischengespeichert und dann in Sauerstoff konvertiert.A method of the type mentioned above is also from an internal combustion engine with direct injection known. There, the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine during the intake phase. The nitrogen oxides produced are temporarily stored in the downstream catalytic converter and then converted to oxygen.
Aufgabe und Vorteile der ErfindungObject and advantages of the invention
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, mit dem die Alterung des Katalysators erkannt werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide a method for operating an internal combustion engine with which the aging of the catalyst can be detected.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die dem Katalysator zugeführten Stickoxide erhöht werden, und daß aus einer Erhöhung der Konzentration des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator auf die Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators geschlossen wird. Bei einem Steuergerät und einer Brennkraftmaschine der jeweils eingangs genannten Art wird die Aufgabe entsprechend gelöst. Die vorliegende Erfindung ist dabei gleichermaßen bei einer Saugrohreinspritzung wie bei einer direkteinspritzenden Brennkraftmaschine einsetzbar.This object is achieved according to the invention in a process of the type mentioned at the outset by increasing the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst and by concluding from an increase in the concentration of oxygen after the catalyst that the catalyst is convertible. In the case of a control device and an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned in the introduction, the task is solved accordingly. The present invention can be used equally in a manifold injection as in a direct injection internal combustion engine.
Die Erhöhung der dem Katalysator zugeführten Stickoxide führt zu einer erhöhten Konvertierung von Stickoxiden in Stickstoff und Sauerstoff. Die daraus resultierende Erhöhung der Konzentration des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator wird gemessen. Aus dieser Erhöhung kann auf die Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators geschlossen werden.The increase in the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst leads to an increased conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen. The resulting increase in the concentration of oxygen after the catalyst is measured. The convertibility of the catalyst can be concluded from this increase.
Bei einem neuen Katalysator ist die Konvertierungsfähigkeit hoch und die Erhöhung der Konzentration des Sauerstoffs wird ebenfalls hoch sein. Bei einem gealterten Katalysator wird jedoch aufgrund der vermindertenWith a new catalyst, the convertibility is high and the increase in the concentration of oxygen will also be high. With an aged catalyst however, due to the decreased
Konvertierungsfähigkeit auch die Erhöhung der Konzentration des Sauerstoffs vermindert sein. Dies kann als Maß für die Konvertierungsfähigkeit und damit für die Alterung des Katalysators herangezogen werden.Convertibility can also be decreased by increasing the concentration of oxygen. This can be used as a measure of the convertibility and thus of the aging of the catalyst.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Erkennung der Alterung des Katalysators ist damit kein NOx- Sensor erforderlich. Dies stellt eine erhebliche Kosteneinsparung dar. Ebenfalls kann die erforderliche Lambda- Sonde zur Messung der Konzentration des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator auch zu anderen Zwecken eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere zu einer sogenannten Führungsregelung.In the method according to the invention for detecting the aging of the catalyst, no NOx sensor is therefore required. This represents a considerable cost saving. The required lambda probe for measuring the concentration of oxygen after the catalytic converter can also be used for other purposes, for example for controlling and / or regulating the internal combustion engine, in particular for a so-called control control.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Konzentration des Sauerstoffs vor dem Katalysator konstant gehalten. Damit wird erreicht, daß nur die erhöhten Stickoxide zu einer Erhöhung der Konzentration desIn an advantageous development of the invention, the concentration of oxygen upstream of the catalyst is kept constant. This ensures that only the increased nitrogen oxides to an increase in the concentration of
Sauerstoffs hinter dem Katalysator führen. Die sonstige Zusammensetzung des Abgases hat jedoch keinen Einfluß auf die erfindungsgemäße Ermittlung der Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators.Lead oxygen behind the catalyst. However, the other composition of the exhaust gas has no influence on the determination of the convertibility of the catalyst according to the invention.
Bei einer anderen vorteilhaf en Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird das Lambda vor dem Katalysator konstant gehalten. Auch dies fürht dazu, daß nur die erhöhten Stickoxide zu einer Erhöhung der Konzentration des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator führen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird damit wesentlich vereinfacht .In another advantageous development of the invention, the lambda upstream of the catalytic converter is kept constant. This also means that only the increased nitrogen oxides lead to an increase in the concentration of oxygen after the catalyst. The method according to the invention is thus considerably simplified.
3ei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung repräsentiert die gemessene Konzentration des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator eine Konzentration des von demIn an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the measured concentration of oxygen after the catalyst represents a concentration of the
Katalysator aus den zugeführten Stickoxiden freigesetzten Sauerstoffs . Dies erlaubt eine besonders einfache und effektive Ermittlung der Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators .Release the catalyst from the nitrogen oxides supplied Oxygen. This allows a particularly simple and effective determination of the convertibility of the catalyst.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist es, wenn die Erhöhung der demIt is particularly useful if the increase in the
Katalysator zugeführten Stickoxide durch eine Verstimmung des Zündzeitpunkts und/oder durch andere Eingriffe in die Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Brennkraftmaschine erreicht wird. Dies sind besonders einfache und trotzdem genau nachvollziehbare Möglichkeiten, die dem Katalysator zugeführten Stickoxide zu verändern. Damit ist eine Wiederholung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und damit eine fortlaufende Diagnose des Katalysators ohne weiteres möglich.Nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst are achieved by detuning the ignition timing and / or by other interventions in the control and / or regulation of the internal combustion engine. These are particularly simple and yet precisely understandable options for changing the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst. A repetition of the method according to the invention and thus a continuous diagnosis of the catalytic converter is thus easily possible.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in der Form eines Steuerelements, das für ein Steuergerät einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, vorgesehen ist. Dabei ist auf dem Steuerelement ein Programm abgespeichert, das auf einem Rechengerät, insbesondere auf einem Mikroprozessor, ablauffähig und zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist . In diesem Fall wird also die Erfindung durch ein auf dem Steuerelement abgespeichertes Programm realisiert, so daß dieses mit dem Programm versehene Steuerelement in gleicher Weise die Erfindung darstellt wie das Verfahren, zu dessen Ausführung das Programm geeignet ist. Als Steuerelement kann insbesondere ein elektrisches Speichermedium zur Anwendung kommen, beispielsweise ein Read-Only-Memory oder ein Flash-Memory.Of particular importance is the implementation of the method according to the invention in the form of a control element which is provided for a control device of an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle. A program is stored on the control element, which is executable on a computing device, in particular on a microprocessor, and is suitable for executing the method according to the invention. In this case, the invention is thus implemented by a program stored on the control element, so that this control element provided with the program represents the invention in the same way as the method, for the execution of which the program is suitable. In particular, an electrical storage medium can be used as the control element, for example a read-only memory or a flash memory.
Weitere Merkmale, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung, die in derFurther features, possible applications and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are described in the
Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen oder dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination den Gegenstand der Erfindung, unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Patentansprüchen oder deren Rückbeziehung sowie unabhängig von ihrer Formulierung bzw. Darstellung in der Beschreibung bzw. in der Zeichnung.Drawing are shown. Thereby form all described or illustrated features, alone or in any combination, the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their dependency, and regardless of their wording or representation in the description or in the drawing.
Ausführungsbeispiele der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine .The only figure of the drawing shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of an internal combustion engine according to the invention.
In der Figur ist eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 eines Kraftfahrzeugs dargestellt, bei der ein Kolben 2 in einem Zylinder 3 hin- und herbewegbar ist. Der Zylinder 3 ist mit einem Brennraum 4 versehen, der unter anderem durch den Kolben 2, ein Einlaßventil 5 und ein Auslaßventil 6 begrenzt ist. Mit dem Einlaßventil 5 ist ein Ansaugrohr 7 und mit dem Auslaßventil 6 ist ein Abgasrohr 8 gekoppelt.The figure shows an internal combustion engine 1 of a motor vehicle, in which a piston 2 can be moved back and forth in a cylinder 3. The cylinder 3 is provided with a combustion chamber 4 which is delimited inter alia by the piston 2, an inlet valve 5 and an outlet valve 6. An intake pipe 7 is coupled to the inlet valve 5 and an exhaust pipe 8 is coupled to the exhaust valve 6.
Im Ansaugrohr 7 ist ein Einspritzventil 9 vorhanden. Im Bereich des Einlaßventils 5 und des Auslaßventils 6 ragt eine Zündkerze 10 in den Brennraum 4. Über das Einspritzventil 9 kann Kraftstoff in das Ansaugrohr 7 eingespritzt werden. Mit der Zündkerze 10 kann das angesaugte Luft/Kraftstoff -Gemisch in dem Brennraum 4 entzündet werden.An injection valve 9 is provided in the intake pipe 7. In the area of the inlet valve 5 and the outlet valve 6, a spark plug 10 protrudes into the combustion chamber 4. Fuel can be injected into the intake pipe 7 via the injection valve 9. The air / fuel mixture drawn into the combustion chamber 4 can be ignited with the spark plug 10.
In dem Ansaugrohr 7 ist eine drehbare Drosselklappe 11 untergebracht. Die Menge der dem Brennraum 4 zugeführtenA rotatable throttle valve 11 is accommodated in the intake pipe 7. The amount of the combustion chamber 4 supplied
Luft ist abhängig von der Winkelstellung der Drosselklappe 11. In dem Abgasrohr 8 ist ein Katalysator 12 untergebracht, der der Reinigung der durch die Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs entstehenden Abgase dient.Air is dependent on the angular position of the throttle valve 11. A catalytic converter 12 is accommodated in the exhaust pipe 8, which serves to clean the exhaust gases resulting from the combustion of the fuel.
Der Katalysator 12 ist unter anderem dazu vorgesehen, Stickoxide (NOx) in Stickstoff und Sauerstoff zu konvertieren. In dem Abgasrohr unmittelbar nach dem Katalysator 12 ist eine stetige Lambda-Sonde 13 vorgesehen, die dazu geeignet ist, die Konzentration 02frei des freien Sauerstoffs hinter dem Katalysator 12 in dem Abgas zu messen.Among other things, the catalytic converter 12 is provided for Convert nitrogen oxides (NOx) into nitrogen and oxygen. A continuous lambda probe 13 is provided in the exhaust pipe immediately downstream of the catalytic converter 12 and is suitable for measuring the concentration 02 free of the free oxygen behind the catalytic converter 12 in the exhaust gas.
Ein Steuergerät 18 ist von Eingangssignalen 19 beaufschlagt, die mittels Sensoren gemessene Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 darstellen. Das Steuergerät 18 erzeugt Ausgangssignale 20, mit denen über Aktoren bzw. Steller das Verhalten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 beeinflußt werden kann. Unter anderem ist das Steuergerät 18 dazu vorgesehen, die Betriebsgrößen der Brennkraftmaschine 1 zu steuern und/oder zu regeln. Zu diesem Zweck ist dasA control device 18 is acted upon by input signals 19, which represent operating variables of the internal combustion engine 1 measured by sensors. The control unit 18 generates output signals 20 with which the behavior of the internal combustion engine 1 can be influenced via actuators or actuators. Among other things, the control unit 18 is provided to control and / or regulate the operating variables of the internal combustion engine 1. For that purpose it is
Steuergerät 18 mit einem Mikroprozessor versehen, der in einem Speichermedium, insbesondere in einem Flash-Memory ein Programm abgespeichert hat, das dazu geeignet ist, die genannte Steuerung und/oder Regelung durchzuführen.Control unit 18 is provided with a microprocessor, which has stored a program in a storage medium, in particular in a flash memory, which is suitable for carrying out the aforementioned control and / or regulation.
Im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 1 entstehen Stickoxide (NOx) , von denen der Katalysator 12 beaufschlagt wird. Diese Stickoxide werden von dem Katalysator 12 in Stickstoff und Sauerstoff konvertiert. Die andauernde Konvertierung führt zu einer Einschränkung derDuring operation of the internal combustion engine 1, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are generated, from which the catalytic converter 12 is acted on. These nitrogen oxides are converted by the catalytic converter 12 into nitrogen and oxygen. The ongoing conversion leads to a limitation of the
Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators 12, die nachfolgend als Alterung bezeichnet wird.Conversion ability of the catalyst 12, which is referred to below as aging.
Die Konzentration 02frei des freien Sauerstoffs hinter dem Katalysator 12 setzt sich zusammen aus der Konzentration 02Abgas des Sauerstoffs im Abgas nach dem Katalysator 12 und der Konzentration 02Kat des von dem Katalysator 12 aus den zugeführten Stickoxiden freigesetzten Sauerstoffs. Die Konzentration 02Abgas liegt etwa im Promillebereich und die Konzentration 02Kat liegt etwa im ppm-Bereich. Die Konzentration 02Abgas des Sauerstoffs im Abgas nach dem Katalysator 12 ist abhängig von der Sauerstoffkonzentration vor dem Katalysator und damit von Lambda vor dem Katalysator 12. Für die Durchführung der nachfolgend beschriebenen Diagnose des Katalysators 12 wird die Konzentration des Sauerstoffs vor dem Katalysator 12 und damit Lambda vor dem Katalysator 12 konstant gehalten. Damit ist die Konzentration 02Abgas des Sauerstoffs im Abgas nach dem Katalysator 12 konstant.The concentration 02 free of the free oxygen behind the catalyst 12 is composed of the concentration 02 exhaust gas of the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the catalyst 12 and the concentration 02Kat of the oxygen released by the catalyst 12 from the nitrogen oxides supplied. The 02Abgas concentration is approximately in the alcohol range and the 02Kat concentration is in the ppm range. The concentration 02 exhaust gas of the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the catalytic converter 12 is dependent on the oxygen concentration upstream of the catalytic converter and thus on lambda upstream of the catalytic converter 12. For carrying out the diagnosis of the catalytic converter 12 described below, the concentration of the oxygen upstream of the catalytic converter 12 and thus lambda kept constant in front of the catalyst 12. The concentration 02 exhaust gas of the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the catalytic converter 12 is thus constant.
Dann wird die Konzentration bzw. Anzahl der Stickoxide vor dem Katalysator 12 erhöht. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine Verstimmung des Zündzeitpunkts einzelner Zylinder oder ähnlicher Maßnahmen erfolgen.Then the concentration or number of nitrogen oxides upstream of the catalytic converter 12 is increased. This can be done, for example, by detuning the ignition timing of individual cylinders or similar measures.
Aufgrund der erhöhten Konzentration der Stickoxide vor dem Katalysator 12 wird von demselben eine erhöhte Konvertierung von Stickoxiden in Stickstoff und Sauerstoff durchgeführt. Dies führt zu einer erhöhten Konzentration 02Kat des von dem Katalysator 12 aus den zugeführtεnDue to the increased concentration of nitrogen oxides upstream of the catalytic converter 12, the latter converts nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen. This leads to an increased concentration 02Kat of the catalyst 12 supplied
Stickoxiden freigesetzten Sauerstoffs. Die erhöhte Konzentration 02Kat wiederum führt zu einer erhöhten Konzentration 02frei des freien Sauerstoffs hinter dem Katalysator 12.Nitrogen oxides released oxygen. The increased concentration 02Kat in turn leads to an increased concentration 02free of the free oxygen behind the catalyst 12.
Die erhöhte Konzentration 02frei des freien Sauerstoffs hinter dem Katalysator 12 wird von der stetigen Lambda- Sonde 13 hinter dem Katalysator 12 gemessen. Aufgrund der konstant gehaltenen Konzentration 02Abgas des Sauerstoffs im Abgas nach dem Katalysator 12 repräsentiert die von derThe increased concentration 02free of free oxygen behind the catalytic converter 12 is measured by the steady lambda probe 13 behind the catalytic converter 12. Due to the constant concentration 02 exhaust gas of the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the catalyst 12 represents that of the
Lambda-Sonde 13 gemessene erhöhte Konzentration 02frei des freien Sauerstoffs unmittelbar die Erhöhung der Konzentration 02Kat des von dem Katalysator 12 aus den zugeführten Stickoxiden freigesetzten Sauerstoffs.Lambda probe 13 measured increased concentration 02 free of the free oxygen immediately increases the concentration 02Kat of the oxygen released by the catalyst 12 from the nitrogen oxides supplied.
Die vorstehend beschriebene Diagnose wird von dem Steuergerät 18 in vorgegebenen zeitlichen Abständen und/oder aufgrund von vorgegebenen Ereignissen durchgeführt. Daraus ergeben sich eine Reihe von aufeinanderfolgenden Meßergebnissen der erhöhten Konzentration 02frei, die - wie gesagt - die Erhöhung der Konzentration 02Kat repräsentieren.The diagnosis described above is from the Control unit 18 carried out at predetermined time intervals and / or on the basis of predetermined events. This results in a series of successive measurement results of the increased concentration 02frei, which - as said - represent the increase in the concentration 02Kat.
Wie bereits erwähnt wurde, nimmt die Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators 12 aufgrund einer Alterung mit der Zeit ab. Diese Verminderung der Konvertierungsfähigkeit führt dazu, daß auch die Konzentration 02Kat bei den vorstehend durchgeführten Meßergebnissen mit der Zeit abnimmt. Die Konzentration 02Kat ist insoweit ein Maß für die Konvertierungsfähigkeit und damit die Alterung des Katalysators 12.As already mentioned, the convertibility of the catalyst 12 decreases over time due to aging. This reduction in the convertibility means that the concentration 02Kat in the measurement results carried out above also decreases over time. The concentration 02Kat is a measure of the convertibility and thus the aging of the catalyst 12.
Aus den einzelnen Meßergebnissen und dem Verlauf der aufeinanderfolgenden Meßergebnisse der Konzentration 02frei wird schließlich von dem Steuergerät 18 auf die Konvertierungsfährigkeit und damit auf die Alterung des Katalysators 12 geschlossen. Dies wird z.B. dadurch erreicht, daß die Veränderung der Konzentration 02frei überwahcht wird. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, die absoluten Werte der Konzentration 02frei zu überwachen und beispielsweise mit den Werten eines neuen Katalysators zu vergleichen. All diese Vergleiche können einzeln oder in Kombination von dem Steuergerät 18 durchgeführt werden. Insgesamt ist es damit dem Steuergerät 18 möglich, die Alterung bzw. den Alterungszustand des Katalysators 12 zu ermitteln. Überschreitet diese Alterung einen vorgegebenenFrom the individual measurement results and the course of the successive measurement results of the concentration 02frei, the control unit 18 finally concludes that the converter 12 is capable of conversion and thus of the aging of the catalyst 12. This will e.g. achieved by monitoring the change in concentration 02 freely. It is also possible to monitor the absolute values of concentration 02 freely and, for example, to compare them with the values of a new catalyst. All of these comparisons can be carried out individually or in combination by the control unit 18. Overall, the control unit 18 is thus able to determine the aging or the aging state of the catalytic converter 12. If this aging exceeds a predetermined one
Schwellwert, so wird dies von dem Steuergerät 18 der Bedienperson der Brennkraftmaschine 1 angezeigt. Threshold value, this is indicated by the control unit 18 to the operator of the internal combustion engine 1.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine (1) insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, bei dem ein Katalysator (12) mit Stickoxiden beaufschlagt wird, und bei dem die Konzentration (02frei) des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator (12) gemessen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dem Katalysator (12) zugeführten Stickoxide erhöht werden, und daß aus einer Erhöhung der Konzentration (02frei) des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator (12) auf die Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators (12) geschlossen wird.1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), in particular a motor vehicle, in which a catalyst (12) is charged with nitrogen oxides, and in which the concentration (02 free) of the oxygen after the catalyst (12) is measured, characterized in that the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst (12) are increased, and that an increase in the concentration (02frei) of the oxygen downstream of the catalyst (12) indicates the convertibility of the catalyst (12).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentration (02Abgas) des Sauerstoffs vor dem Katalysator (12) konstant gehalten wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration (02 exhaust gas) of the oxygen upstream of the catalyst (12) is kept constant.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lambda vor dem Katalysator (12) konstant gehalten wird.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the lambda upstream of the catalyst (12) is kept constant.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gemessene Konzentration (02frei) des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator (12) eine Konzentration (02Kat) des von dem Katalysator (12) aus den zugeführten Stickoxiden freigesetzten Sauerstoffs repräsentiert . 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the measured concentration (02frei) of the oxygen after the catalyst (12) represents a concentration (02Kat) of the oxygen released by the catalyst (12) from the nitrogen oxides supplied.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentration (02Kat) als ein Maß für die Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators (12) verwendet wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the concentration (02Kat) is used as a measure of the convertibility of the catalyst (12).
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erhöhung der dem Katalysator (12) zugeführten Stickoxide durch eine Verstimmung des Zündzeitpunkts und/oder durch andere Eingriffe in die Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Brennkraftmaschine (1) erreicht wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the increase in the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalyst (12) is achieved by detuning the ignition timing and / or by other interventions in the control and / or regulation of the internal combustion engine (1) ,
7. Steuerelelement, insbesondere Flash-Memory, für ein Steuergerät (18) einer Brennkraftmaschine (1) insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, auf dem ein Programm abgespeichert ist, das auf einem Rechengerät, insbesondere auf einem Mikroprozessor, ablauffähig und zur Ausführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 geeignet ist.7. Control element, in particular flash memory, for a control device (18) of an internal combustion engine (1), in particular a motor vehicle, on which a program is stored which can be run on a computing device, in particular on a microprocessor, and for executing a method according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 is suitable.
8. Steuergerät (18) für eine Brennkraftmaschine (1) insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine (1) einen Katalysator (12) aufweist, der mit Stickoxiden beaufschlagt werden kann, sowie eine Lambda-Sonde (13) zur Messung der Konzentration (02frei) des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator (12) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch das Steuergerät (18) die dem Katalysator (12) zugeführten Stickoxide erhöht werden können, und daß durch das Steuergerät (18) aus einer Erhöhung der Konzentration (02frei) des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator (12) auf die Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators (12) geschlossen werden kann.8. Control unit (18) for an internal combustion engine (1), in particular of a motor vehicle, the internal combustion engine (1) having a catalyst (12) that can be charged with nitrogen oxides, and a lambda probe (13) for measuring the concentration (02frei ) of the oxygen after the catalytic converter (12), characterized in that the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalytic converter (12) can be increased by the control device (18), and in that the control device (18) results from an increase in the concentration (02frei) of the oxygen after the catalyst (12) on the convertibility of the catalyst (12) can be concluded.
9. Brennkraftmaschine (1) insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Katalysator (12), der mit Stickoxiden beaufschlagt werden kann, und mit einer Lambda- Sonde (13) zur Messung der Konzentration (02frei) des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator (12), sowie mit einem Steuergerät (18), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch das Steuergerät (18) die dem Katalysator (12) zugeführten Stickoxide erhöht werden können, und daß durch das Steuergerät (18) aus einer Erhöhung der Konzentration (02frei) des Sauerstoffs nach dem Katalysator (12) auf die Konvertierungsfähigkeit des Katalysators (12) geschlossen werden kann. 9. Internal combustion engine (1), in particular for a motor vehicle, with a catalyst (12) which can be charged with nitrogen oxides and with a lambda probe (13) for measuring the concentration (02free) of the Oxygen after the catalytic converter (12) and with a control unit (18), characterized in that the nitrogen oxides supplied to the catalytic converter (12) can be increased by the control unit (18), and in that the control unit (18) results from an increase in the Concentration (02frei) of the oxygen after the catalyst (12) on the convertibility of the catalyst (12) can be concluded.
EP00991124A 1999-12-31 2000-12-23 Method for operating an internal combustion engine in particular in a motor vehicle Withdrawn EP1264094A2 (en)

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DE19963936A DE19963936A1 (en) 1999-12-31 1999-12-31 Method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle
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