EP1254946B1 - Chemical soot remover - Google Patents

Chemical soot remover Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1254946B1
EP1254946B1 EP02356071A EP02356071A EP1254946B1 EP 1254946 B1 EP1254946 B1 EP 1254946B1 EP 02356071 A EP02356071 A EP 02356071A EP 02356071 A EP02356071 A EP 02356071A EP 1254946 B1 EP1254946 B1 EP 1254946B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
agent
chemical
destruction
product
carbon
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1254946A1 (en
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Lionel Bodo
Jacques Fayle
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to chemical sweeping products used in substitution or in addition to the mechanical chimney sweeping devices, as defined in the claims of claims 1 to 13.
  • Soot removal can also be promoted by the use of chemical cleaning products.
  • Document FR-2,554,458 A a solid fuel agent acting preventive or curative on deposits and soot in calorie generators, is particularly known.
  • This agent comprises, inter alia, a particulate cellulosic combustible material, a preventive or curative active agent for soot and tarry deposits, and optionally a binder.
  • the active product is in a small amount, less than 10%.
  • the agglomerates obtained, for example in the form of briquettes, sticks or granules, are introduced into an active furnace at the rate of about 1 kg / ton of fuel.
  • the effectiveness of the products thus formed is unsatisfactory, and in particular the destruction of soot is most often insufficient in sections of conduit away from the home, which are therefore at lower temperatures.
  • EP 0 837 121 A discloses a sweeping agent containing both a particulate solid cellulosic combustible material, a chemical and / or catalytic destructive agent of soot, and from 10 to 70% of a binder such as paraffin.
  • the document recommends using such an agent in the absence of any other fuel and in an extinct household.
  • the sweeping agent alone must ensure a combustion autonomy, and the presence of a combustible binder such as paraffin is essential for this.
  • such an agent does not have the effectiveness expected, probably because of the clogging effect of paraffin, because of the necessarily reduced amount of active agents, and because of the instructions for use that advocates an autonomous treatment in an extinct household.
  • the problem proposed by the present invention is to design a more effective solid product for the more complete destruction of carbonaceous deposits such as soot, a process for its manufacture, and a method of use providing improved results.
  • the particulate solid cellulosic combustible material may be sawdust.
  • the chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits contains at least one ammonium salt and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.
  • the ammonium salt may advantageously be chosen from the family comprising ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate and ammonium chloride. However, it may be preferred to refrain from using ammonium chloride in order to avoid the release of chlorine or chlorinated products.
  • the ammonium salt is preferably ammonium sulfate.
  • a particularly improved sweeping efficiency, especially in cold areas of chimney flue, is obtained by using a chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits containing, in a mixture: an ammonium salt, potassium nitrate, and potassium carbonate .
  • ammonium salt is present in the chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits in a proportion of greater than 50% by weight of the agent.
  • Potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate may be present in the chemical destructive agent in percentages adjacent to one another.
  • the potassium nitrate may be present in a proportion of about 20% by weight, and the potassium carbonate may be present in a proportion of about 15% by weight of the chemical degrading agent of the carbonaceous deposits.
  • the mixture must contain a reduced residual moisture content, corresponding to less than 15% of water approximately by weight, preferably less than 10% .
  • an alternative press having a tubular structure traversed by an axial piston and in which there is a chamber for receiving the upper orifice for introducing the mixture, an adjacent chamber for compression, and an axial outlet chamber.
  • the compressed product in the form of a continuous cylinder is cut to length by a saw.
  • the solid product for the destruction of carbonaceous deposits such as the soot according to the invention consists of a mixed and compressed aggregate of particulate solid cellulosic fuel material such as sawdust, and powders or crystals of a particulate agent. chemical destruction of carbonaceous deposits.
  • the product according to the invention does not contain any other constituents, apart from the presence of water which is usual and inevitable in solid cellulosic materials such as sawdust and in the crystals of chemical destructive agent such as than the generally hygroscopic salts.
  • the particulate solid cellulosic fuel material is present in the product in a proportion of at least 30% by weight of the product, and the agent for chemical destruction of the carbonaceous deposits is present in a proportion of at least 20% by weight. product weight.
  • the expected sweeping effects are optimized, thanks to a satisfactory quantity of active agents, and thanks to an increased duration of action by the slow combustion of the solid cellulosic combustible material alone.
  • the combustion of the particulate solid cellulosic fuel material ensures the sublimation of the salts constituting the chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits, releasing slowly and for a long time active gases which destroy the carbonaceous deposits in the flue.
  • the solid product according to the invention may, for example, be packaged in the form of a log 1 as illustrated in FIG. 1, in which grains 2 of the particulate solid cellulosic combustible material and particles of powder or crystals can be distinguished. agent for chemical destruction of carbonaceous deposits.
  • the chemical destructive agent according to the invention contains at least one ammonium salt and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.
  • the ammonium salt may be chosen from the family comprising ammonium sulphate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , ammonium phosphate (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 , and ammonium chloride NH 4 Cl. however, ammonium sulphate, which has an improved action on soot and which avoids the release of chlorinated products which are both harmful and corrosive, is preferred.
  • An advantageous example of a chemical destructive agent according to the invention is a mixture containing an ammonium salt, potassium nitrate KNO 3 and potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 .
  • the ammonium salt is present in the agent in a proportion greater than 50% by weight.
  • the potassium nitrate and the potassium carbonate may be present in similar percentages, for example about 20% for potassium nitrate and about 15% for potassium carbonate, the percentages being expressed by weight chemical destruction agent.
  • This formulation optimizes the sweeping of the flue, by promoting a strong release of active gas at relatively low firing temperature, and promoting the chemical action on the soot in all areas of the flue and especially in the most cold.
  • Nickel acetate Ni (OCOCH 3 ) 2 catalyzes the action of salts on soot.
  • FIG. 2 The use of the solid product according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a chimney 4 whose hearth 5 contains a bed of embers 6 supporting a log 1 according to the invention.
  • a fire was previously made in the chimney 4 to bring the flue 8 to a temperature close to the usual operating temperature of the chimney.
  • the embers bed 6 was formed with the residues of the fire.
  • the solid product in the form of log 1 is placed on the embers bed 6.
  • the reaction is then allowed to proceed: the heat released by the embers bed 6 causes the slow burning of the particulate solid cellulosic fuel material present in the solid product in the form of log 1, this combustion ensuring the maintenance of a sufficient temperature for the sublimation and release of gases 7 from the materials constituting the agent of chemical destruction.
  • the gases 7 propagate in the duct 8, and act on the hot carbonaceous deposits such as soot present in the duct 8.
  • the slow combustion of the log 1 can last several hours, allowing almost complete destruction of the carbonaceous
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the steps of a process for manufacturing a solid product for destroying carbonaceous deposits according to the invention.
  • the method comprises the following steps.
  • the particulate solid combustible material and the chemical destruction agent in powder or crystals are mixed in a container 9 by means of a mixing device 10.
  • FIG 4 there is illustrated more specifically the physical means of pressing for obtaining logs of product according to the invention.
  • an alternative press essentially having a tubular structure 14 traversed by an axial piston 12 is used.
  • a reception chamber 15 with an upper orifice 16 for introduction is distinguished from upstream to downstream. pre-formed mixture of particulate solid fuel material and chemical destructive agent.
  • the tubular structure 14 is oriented horizontally, and the upper insertion orifice 16 is oriented upwards, below a hopper 17.
  • a braking device 20 consisting for example of a radial jaw radially compressing a portion of material present in the tubular structure 14 to the right of the jaw, for braking the axial progression of the materials and allow compression by the piston 12 in the compression chamber 18.
  • the device is in the initial state of receiving material in the reception chamber 15.
  • the pre-mixed particulate matter enters the reception chamber 15 through the upper orifice 16 from the upper hopper 17.
  • the piston 12 is then in the maximum recoil position.
  • the piston 12 is advanced at high speed until it reaches the compression chamber 18.
  • the material contained in the compression chamber 18 is then relatively compressed, and the compression is continued. advance of the piston 12.
  • the braking device 20 is biased radially inwards, to oppose the progression of the material towards the outlet chamber 19.
  • the alternative press thus formed makes it possible to produce successive sections of compressed and agglomerated material.
  • the material continuously leaves the outlet chamber 19 in the form of a continuous bar, which can then be sawed by the saw 13 according to the appropriate lengths.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)

Abstract

Solid product for the destruction of carbon deposits, e.g. soot, comprises a compressed aggregate of a particulate cellulosic solid and powder or crystals of a chemical destructive agent. The proportion of cellulosic substance is at least 30% and that of the chemical agent is at least 20%. Independent claims are also included for; (1) A method of preparation of the above product; and (2) A method of using the above product.

Description

La présente invention concerne les produits de ramonage chimique utilisés en substitution ou en complément des dispositifs de ramonage mécanique des conduits de fumée, tels que définies dans les libellés des revendications 1 à 13.The present invention relates to chemical sweeping products used in substitution or in addition to the mechanical chimney sweeping devices, as defined in the claims of claims 1 to 13.

Dans les conduits de fumée tels que les conduits de cheminée, la combustion de composés organiques comme le bois, le charbon, le fuel, crée des dépôts que l'on appelle généralement la suie. L'élimination de ces dépôts est le plus souvent uniquement mécanique et manuelle. Cette technique de ramonage traditionnelle consiste à passer des brosses et hérissons dans les conduits de cheminée.In flues such as chimneys, the burning of organic compounds such as wood, coal, fuel, creates deposits that are usually called soot. The elimination of these deposits is mostly only mechanical and manual. This traditional sweeping technique involves passing brushes and hedgehogs through the chimney flues.

On peut également favoriser l'élimination de la suie par l'utilisation de produits de ramonage chimique.Soot removal can also be promoted by the use of chemical cleaning products.

On connaît notamment du document FR-2 554 458 A, un agent combustible solide agissant de façon préventive ou curative sur les dépôts et la suie dans les générateurs de calories. Cet agent comprend, entre autre, une matière combustible cellulosique particulaire, un agent actif préventif ou curatif pour la suie et les dépôts goudronneux, et facultativement un liant. Le produit actif est en quantité faible, inférieure à 10%. Les agglomérés obtenus, par exemple sous forme de briquettes, de bûchettes ou de granulés, sont introduits dans un foyer actif, à raison d'environ 1 kg/tonne de combustible. L'efficacité des produits ainsi constitués n'est pas satisfaisante, et en particulier la destruction de la suie est le plus souvent insuffisante dans les tronçons de conduit éloignés du foyer, qui se trouvent donc à des températures plus faibles.Document FR-2,554,458 A, a solid fuel agent acting preventive or curative on deposits and soot in calorie generators, is particularly known. This agent comprises, inter alia, a particulate cellulosic combustible material, a preventive or curative active agent for soot and tarry deposits, and optionally a binder. The active product is in a small amount, less than 10%. The agglomerates obtained, for example in the form of briquettes, sticks or granules, are introduced into an active furnace at the rate of about 1 kg / ton of fuel. The effectiveness of the products thus formed is unsatisfactory, and in particular the destruction of soot is most often insufficient in sections of conduit away from the home, which are therefore at lower temperatures.

On connaît du document EP 0 837 121 A un agent de ramonage renfermant à la fois une matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire, un agent chimique et/ou catalytique destructeur de suie, et de 10 à 70 % d'un liant tel que la paraffine. Le document préconise d'utiliser un tel agent en l'absence de tout autre combustible et dans un foyer éteint. L'agent de ramonage seul doit assurer une autonomie de combustion, et la présence d'un liant combustible tel que la paraffine est pour cela essentielle. On constate toutefois qu'un tel agent ne présente pas l'efficacité attendue, vraisemblablement à cause de l'effet encrassant de la paraffine, à cause de la quantité nécessairement réduite des agents actifs, et à cause du mode d'emploi qui préconise un traitement en autonomie dans un foyer éteint. En particulier, il n'y a pas une action de ramonage efficace sur les tronçons de conduit éloignés du foyer, qui se trouvent pour cette raison à une température faible.EP 0 837 121 A discloses a sweeping agent containing both a particulate solid cellulosic combustible material, a chemical and / or catalytic destructive agent of soot, and from 10 to 70% of a binder such as paraffin. The document recommends using such an agent in the absence of any other fuel and in an extinct household. The sweeping agent alone must ensure a combustion autonomy, and the presence of a combustible binder such as paraffin is essential for this. However, it is noted that such an agent does not have the effectiveness expected, probably because of the clogging effect of paraffin, because of the necessarily reduced amount of active agents, and because of the instructions for use that advocates an autonomous treatment in an extinct household. In particular, there is no effective sweeping action on the conduit sections away from the home, which are for this reason at a low temperature.

Le problème proposé par la présente invention est de concevoir un produit solide plus efficace pour la destruction plus complète des dépôts carbonés tels que la suie, un procédé pour sa fabrication, et un procédé d'utilisation procurant des résultats améliorés.The problem proposed by the present invention is to design a more effective solid product for the more complete destruction of carbonaceous deposits such as soot, a process for its manufacture, and a method of use providing improved results.

On cherche en particulier à réaliser une action de ramonage efficace sur toute la longueur des conduits de fumée, et en particulier sur les tronçons de conduit éloignés du foyer, qui se trouvent donc à des températures plus faibles.In particular, it is sought to perform an effective sweeping action along the entire length of the flues, and in particular on the sections of ducts distant from the hearth, which are therefore at lower temperatures.

Pour atteindre ces buts ainsi que d'autres, l'invention prévoit un produit solide pour la destruction des dépôts carbonés tels que la suie :

  • constitué d'un agrégat mélangé et comprimé de matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire et de poudre ou cristaux d'agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés,
  • la matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire étant présente en proportion d'au moins 30 % en poids du produit,
  • l'agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés étant présent en proportion d'au moins 20 % en poids du produit.
To achieve these and other aims, the invention provides a solid product for the destruction of carbonaceous deposits such as soot:
  • consisting of a mixed and compressed aggregate of particulate solid cellulosic fuel material and powder or crystals of agent for chemical destruction of carbonaceous deposits,
  • the particulate solid cellulosic combustible material being present in a proportion of at least 30% by weight of the product,
  • the chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits being present in a proportion of at least 20% by weight of the product.

En pratique, la matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire peut être de la sciure de bois.In practice, the particulate solid cellulosic combustible material may be sawdust.

L'agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés contient au moins un sel d'ammonium et au moins un sel de métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux.The chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits contains at least one ammonium salt and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.

Le sel d'ammonium peut avantageusement être choisi parmi la famille comprenant le sulfate d'ammonium, le phosphate d'ammonium et le chlorure d'ammonium. On pourra toutefois préférer s'abstenir d'utiliser le chlorure d'ammonium, afin d'éviter le dégagement de chlore ou de produits chlorés.The ammonium salt may advantageously be chosen from the family comprising ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate and ammonium chloride. However, it may be preferred to refrain from using ammonium chloride in order to avoid the release of chlorine or chlorinated products.

Le sel d'ammonium est de préférence le sulfate d'ammonium.The ammonium salt is preferably ammonium sulfate.

Une efficacité de ramonage particulièrement améliorée, notamment dans les zones froides de conduit de cheminée, est obtenue en utilisant un agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés contenant, en mélange : un sel d'ammonium, du nitrate de potassium, et du carbonate de potassium.A particularly improved sweeping efficiency, especially in cold areas of chimney flue, is obtained by using a chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits containing, in a mixture: an ammonium salt, potassium nitrate, and potassium carbonate .

Dans ce cas, le sel d'ammonium est présent dans l'agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés selon une proportion supérieure à 50 % en poids de l'agent.In this case, the ammonium salt is present in the chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits in a proportion of greater than 50% by weight of the agent.

Le nitrate de potassium et le carbonate de potassium peuvent être présents dans l'agent de destruction chimique selon des pourcentages voisins l'un de l'autre.Potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate may be present in the chemical destructive agent in percentages adjacent to one another.

Par exemple, le nitrate de potassium peut être présent selon une proportion de 20 % en poids environ, et le carbonate de potassium peut être présent selon une proportion de 15 % en poids environ de l'agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés.For example, the potassium nitrate may be present in a proportion of about 20% by weight, and the potassium carbonate may be present in a proportion of about 15% by weight of the chemical degrading agent of the carbonaceous deposits.

L'invention prévoit en outre un procédé de fabrication d'un produit solide de destruction des dépôts carbonés tel que défini ci-dessus, comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  1. a) mélanger la matière combustible solide particulaire et l'agent de destruction chimique en poudre ou cristaux, selon les proportions en poids d'au moins 30 % de matière combustible solide particulaire et d'au moins 20 % d'agent de destruction chimique,
  2. b) comprimer le mélange à une pression supérieure à 20.105 Pa.
The invention further provides a method of manufacturing a solid product for destroying carbonaceous deposits as defined above, comprising the following steps:
  1. a) mixing the particulate solid combustible material and the powdered or crystal chemical degrading agent, in the proportions by weight of at least 30% particulate solid fuel material and at least 20% chemical degrading agent,
  2. b) compressing the mixture at a pressure greater than 20 × 10 5 Pa.

Pour obtenir une bonne agrégation et une cohésion suffisante du produit, lors de la fabrication du produit, le mélange doit contenir un taux d'humidité résiduelle réduit, correspondant à moins de 15 % d'eau environ en poids, de préférence moins de 10 %.To obtain a good aggregation and a sufficient cohesion of the product, during the manufacture of the product, the mixture must contain a reduced residual moisture content, corresponding to less than 15% of water approximately by weight, preferably less than 10% .

On peut avantageusement utiliser une presse alternative ayant une structure tubulaire parcourue par un piston axial et dans laquelle on distingue une chambre de réception à orifice supérieur d'introduction du mélange, une chambre adjacente de compression, et une chambre de sortie axiale. En sortie de la presse, le produit comprimé sous forme de cylindre continu est tronçonné à longueur appropriée par une scie.It is advantageous to use an alternative press having a tubular structure traversed by an axial piston and in which there is a chamber for receiving the upper orifice for introducing the mixture, an adjacent chamber for compression, and an axial outlet chamber. At the outlet of the press, the compressed product in the form of a continuous cylinder is cut to length by a saw.

L'invention prévoit également une utilisation d'un produit solide pour la destruction des dépôts carbonés tels que la suie dans une cheminée, comprenant les étapes de :

  1. 1) faire un feu dans la cheminée pour amener le conduit de cheminée à température voisine de la température habituelle de fonctionnement de la cheminée,
  2. 2) constituer un lit de braises avec les résidus du feu,
  3. 3) placer le produit solide sur le lit de braises, et laisser agir.
The invention also provides a use of a solid product for the destruction of carbonaceous deposits such as soot in a chimney, comprising the steps of:
  1. 1) make a fire in the chimney to bring the flue to a temperature close to the usual operating temperature of the chimney,
  2. 2) build a bed of embers with the residues of the fire,
  3. 3) place the solid product on the bed of embers, and let act.

D'autres objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers, faite en relation avec les figures jointes, parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 illustre schématiquement en perspective un produit solide de destruction des dépôts carbonés selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, sous forme de bûche ;
  • la figure 2 illustre l'utilisation du produit selon l'invention, pour le ramonage chimique d'une cheminée ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique illustrant les étapes du procédé de fabrication d'un produit selon l'invention ; et
  • la figure 4 illustre schématiquement les étapes de fonctionnement de la presse pour la fabrication d'un produit solide selon l'invention.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of particular embodiments, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates in perspective a solid product for destroying carbonaceous deposits according to one embodiment of the present invention, in the form of a log;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the use of the product according to the invention for the chemical sweeping of a chimney;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view illustrating the steps of the method of manufacturing a product according to the invention; and
  • Figure 4 schematically illustrates the operating steps of the press for the manufacture of a solid product according to the invention.

Le produit solide pour la destruction des dépôts carbonés tels que la suie selon l'invention est constitué d'un agrégat mélangé et comprimé de matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire telle que de la sciure de bois, et de poudres ou cristaux d'un agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés. Autrement dit, le produit selon l'invention ne contient pas d'autres constituants, hormis la présence d'eau qui est habituelle et inévitable dans les matières cellulosiques solides telles que la sciure de bois et dans les cristaux d'agent de destruction chimique tels que les sels généralement hygroscopiques.The solid product for the destruction of carbonaceous deposits such as the soot according to the invention consists of a mixed and compressed aggregate of particulate solid cellulosic fuel material such as sawdust, and powders or crystals of a particulate agent. chemical destruction of carbonaceous deposits. In other words, the product according to the invention does not contain any other constituents, apart from the presence of water which is usual and inevitable in solid cellulosic materials such as sawdust and in the crystals of chemical destructive agent such as than the generally hygroscopic salts.

Selon l'invention, la matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire est présente dans le produit en proportion d'au moins 30 % en poids du produit, et l'agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés est présent en proportion d'au moins 20 % en poids du produit.According to the invention, the particulate solid cellulosic fuel material is present in the product in a proportion of at least 30% by weight of the product, and the agent for chemical destruction of the carbonaceous deposits is present in a proportion of at least 20% by weight. product weight.

Par l'utilisation d'une telle composition, on optimise les effets de ramonage escomptés, grâce à une quantité satisfaisante d'agents actifs, et grâce à une durée d'action augmentée par la combustion lente de la matière combustible cellulosique solide seule. La combustion de la matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire assure la sublimation des sels constituant l'agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés, libérant lentement et pendant une durée longue des gaz actifs qui viennent détruire les dépôts carbonés dans le conduit de fumée.By the use of such a composition, the expected sweeping effects are optimized, thanks to a satisfactory quantity of active agents, and thanks to an increased duration of action by the slow combustion of the solid cellulosic combustible material alone. The combustion of the particulate solid cellulosic fuel material ensures the sublimation of the salts constituting the chemical destruction agent of the carbonaceous deposits, releasing slowly and for a long time active gases which destroy the carbonaceous deposits in the flue.

Le produit solide selon l'invention peut par exemple être conditionné sous forme d'une bûche 1 comme illustré sur la figure 1, dans laquelle on peut distinguer des grains 2 de la matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire et des particules de poudre ou de cristaux 3 d'agent de destruction chimique des dépôts carbonés.The solid product according to the invention may, for example, be packaged in the form of a log 1 as illustrated in FIG. 1, in which grains 2 of the particulate solid cellulosic combustible material and particles of powder or crystals can be distinguished. agent for chemical destruction of carbonaceous deposits.

L'agent de destruction chimique selon l'invention contient au moins un sel d'ammonium et au moins un sel de métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux. Le sel d'ammonium peut être choisi parmi la famille comprenant le sulfate d'ammonium (NH4)2SO4, le phosphate d'ammonium (NH4)3PO4, et le chlorure d'ammonium NH4Cl. On pourra toutefois préférer le sulfate d'ammonium, qui a une action améliorée sur la suie et qui évite le dégagement de produits chlorés qui sont à la fois nocifs et corrosifs.The chemical destructive agent according to the invention contains at least one ammonium salt and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt. The ammonium salt may be chosen from the family comprising ammonium sulphate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , ammonium phosphate (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 , and ammonium chloride NH 4 Cl. however, ammonium sulphate, which has an improved action on soot and which avoids the release of chlorinated products which are both harmful and corrosive, is preferred.

Un exemple avantageux d'agent de destruction chimique selon l'invention est un mélange contenant un sel d'ammonium, du nitrate de potassium KNO3 et du carbonate de potassium K2CO3. Dans ce cas, le sel d'ammonium est présent dans l'agent en proportion supérieure à 50 % en poids.An advantageous example of a chemical destructive agent according to the invention is a mixture containing an ammonium salt, potassium nitrate KNO 3 and potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 . In this case, the ammonium salt is present in the agent in a proportion greater than 50% by weight.

Selon un exemple avantageux, le nitrate de potassium et le carbonate de potassium peuvent être présents selon des pourcentages voisins, par exemple de 20 % environ pour le nitrate de potassium et de 15 % environ pour le carbonate de potassium, les pourcentages étant exprimés en poids de l'agent de destruction chimique.According to an advantageous example, the potassium nitrate and the potassium carbonate may be present in similar percentages, for example about 20% for potassium nitrate and about 15% for potassium carbonate, the percentages being expressed by weight chemical destruction agent.

Un exemple de formulation particulièrement avantageuse de l'agent de destruction chimique est le suivant :

  • sulfate d'ammonium : 50 à 70 %
  • nitrate de potassium : 15 à 30 %
  • carbonate de potassium : 10 à 25 %
  • acétate de nickel : 2 à 8 %
    pour un total de 100 % de l'agent de destruction chimique, les pourcentages étant exprimés en poids.An example of a particularly advantageous formulation of the chemical destructive agent is as follows:
  • ammonium sulphate: 50 to 70%
  • potassium nitrate: 15 to 30%
  • Potassium carbonate: 10 to 25%
  • nickel acetate: 2 to 8%
for a total of 100% of the chemical destructive agent, the percentages being expressed by weight.

Cette formulation optimise le ramonage du conduit de fumée, en favorisant un fort dégagement de gaz actif à température de foyer relativement faible, et en favorisant l'action chimique sur la suie dans toutes les zones du conduit de fumée et notamment dans les zones les plus froides.This formulation optimizes the sweeping of the flue, by promoting a strong release of active gas at relatively low firing temperature, and promoting the chemical action on the soot in all areas of the flue and especially in the most cold.

L'acétate de nickel Ni(OCOCH3)2 catalyse l'action des sels sur la suie.Nickel acetate Ni (OCOCH 3 ) 2 catalyzes the action of salts on soot.

L'utilisation du produit solide selon l'invention est illustrée sur la figure 2. On a représenté une cheminée 4 dont le foyer 5 contient un lit de braises 6 supportant une bûche 1 selon l'invention. On a préalablement fait un feu dans la cheminée 4, pour amener le conduit de fumée 8 à température voisine de la température habituelle de fonctionnement de la cheminée. On a constitué le lit de braises 6 avec les résidus du feu. On a placé le produit solide sous forme de bûche 1 sur le lit de braises 6. On laisse ensuite agir : la chaleur dégagée par le lit de braises 6 provoque la combustion lente de la matière combustible cellulosique solide particulaire présente dans le produit solide sous forme de bûche 1, cette combustion assurant le maintien d'une température suffisante pour la sublimation et le dégagement des gaz 7 issus des matières constituant l'agent de destruction chimique. Les gaz 7 se propagent dans le conduit 8, et agissent sur les dépôts carbonés chauds tels que la suie présents dans le conduit 8. La combustion lente de la bûche 1 peut durer plusieurs heures, permettant une destruction quasi complète des dépôts carbonés.The use of the solid product according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2. There is shown a chimney 4 whose hearth 5 contains a bed of embers 6 supporting a log 1 according to the invention. A fire was previously made in the chimney 4 to bring the flue 8 to a temperature close to the usual operating temperature of the chimney. The embers bed 6 was formed with the residues of the fire. The solid product in the form of log 1 is placed on the embers bed 6. The reaction is then allowed to proceed: the heat released by the embers bed 6 causes the slow burning of the particulate solid cellulosic fuel material present in the solid product in the form of log 1, this combustion ensuring the maintenance of a sufficient temperature for the sublimation and release of gases 7 from the materials constituting the agent of chemical destruction. The gases 7 propagate in the duct 8, and act on the hot carbonaceous deposits such as soot present in the duct 8. The slow combustion of the log 1 can last several hours, allowing almost complete destruction of the carbonaceous deposits.

La figure 3 illustre les étapes d'un procédé de fabrication d'un produit solide de destruction des dépôts carbonés selon l'invention. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes.FIG. 3 illustrates the steps of a process for manufacturing a solid product for destroying carbonaceous deposits according to the invention. The method comprises the following steps.

Sur la figure 3a, on mélange la matière combustible solide particulaire et l'agent de destruction chimique en poudre ou cristaux, dans un récipient 9 à l'aide d'un dispositif mélangeur 10.In FIG. 3a, the particulate solid combustible material and the chemical destruction agent in powder or crystals are mixed in a container 9 by means of a mixing device 10.

Sur la figure 3b, on place le mélange ainsi obtenu dans une presse 11 qui comprime le mélange à l'aide d'un piston 12.In FIG. 3b, the mixture thus obtained is placed in a press 11 which compresses the mixture with the aid of a piston 12.

Sur la figure 3c, on tronçonne à longueur appropriée, au moyen d'une scie 13, le barreau de matière compactée ainsi obtenu.In FIG. 3c, the bar of compacted material thus obtained is cut to the appropriate length by means of a saw 13.

Sur la figure 4, on a illustré plus précisément les moyens physiques de pressage permettant l'obtention de bûches de produit selon l'invention. On utilise pour cela une presse alternative ayant essentiellement une structure tubulaire 14 parcourue par un piston axial 12. Dans la structure tubulaire 14, on distingue, de l'amont vers l'aval, une chambre de réception 15 à orifice supérieur 16 d'introduction du mélange préalablement formé de matière combustible solide particulaire et d'agent de destruction chimique. Par exemple, la structure tubulaire 14 est orientée horizontalement, et l'orifice supérieur d'introduction 16 est orienté vers le haut, au-dessous d'une trémie 17.In Figure 4, there is illustrated more specifically the physical means of pressing for obtaining logs of product according to the invention. For this purpose, an alternative press essentially having a tubular structure 14 traversed by an axial piston 12 is used. In the tubular structure 14, a reception chamber 15 with an upper orifice 16 for introduction is distinguished from upstream to downstream. pre-formed mixture of particulate solid fuel material and chemical destructive agent. For example, the tubular structure 14 is oriented horizontally, and the upper insertion orifice 16 is oriented upwards, below a hopper 17.

En aval de la chambre de réception 15, on distingue dans la structure tubulaire 14 une chambre adjacente de compression 18, suivie d'une chambre de sortie axiale 19.Downstream of the receiving chamber 15, in the tubular structure 14, there is an adjacent compression chamber 18, followed by an axial outlet chamber 19.

Entre la chambre de compression 18 et la chambre de sortie axiale 19, on distingue un dispositif de freinage 20, constitué par exemple d'une mâchoire radiale pouvant comprimer radialement une partie de matière présente dans la structure tubulaire 14 au droit de la mâchoire, pour freiner la progression axiale des matières et permettre la compression par le piston 12 dans la chambre de compression 18.Between the compression chamber 18 and the axial outlet chamber 19, there is a braking device 20, consisting for example of a radial jaw radially compressing a portion of material present in the tubular structure 14 to the right of the jaw, for braking the axial progression of the materials and allow compression by the piston 12 in the compression chamber 18.

Sur la figure 4a, le dispositif est dans l'état initial de réception de matière dans la chambre de réception 15. La matière particulaire préalablement mélangée pénètre dans la chambre de réception 15 par l'orifice supérieur 16 en provenant de la trémie 17 supérieure. Le piston 12 est alors en position de recul maximal.In FIG. 4a, the device is in the initial state of receiving material in the reception chamber 15. The pre-mixed particulate matter enters the reception chamber 15 through the upper orifice 16 from the upper hopper 17. The piston 12 is then in the maximum recoil position.

Sur la figure 4b, on avance le piston 12 à grande vitesse, jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne la chambre de compression 18. La matière contenue dans la chambre de compression 18 est alors relativement comprimée, et l'on poursuit 1a compression par avance du piston 12. Pendant cette compression, le dispositif de freinage 20 est sollicité radialement vers l'intérieur, pour s'opposer à la progression de la matière vers la chambre de sortie 19.In FIG. 4b, the piston 12 is advanced at high speed until it reaches the compression chamber 18. The material contained in the compression chamber 18 is then relatively compressed, and the compression is continued. advance of the piston 12. During this compression, the braking device 20 is biased radially inwards, to oppose the progression of the material towards the outlet chamber 19.

Sur la figure 4c, le dispositif de freinage 20 est relâché, et le piston 12 poursuit sa course en poussant le tronçon de matière comprimée vers la chambre de sortie 19. Le piston 12 recule alors jusqu'en position illustrée sur la figure 4a.In FIG. 4c, the braking device 20 is released, and the piston 12 continues its stroke by pushing the section of compressed material towards the outlet chamber 19. The piston 12 then moves back to the position illustrated in FIG. 4a.

On comprend que la presse alternative ainsi constituée permet de réaliser des tronçons successifs de matière comprimée et agglomérée. La matière sort en continu de la chambre de sortie 19 sous forme d'un barreau continu, que l'on peut ensuite scier par la scie 13 selon les longueurs appropriées.It will be understood that the alternative press thus formed makes it possible to produce successive sections of compressed and agglomerated material. The material continuously leaves the outlet chamber 19 in the form of a continuous bar, which can then be sawed by the saw 13 according to the appropriate lengths.

La solidarisation des tronçons comprimés successifs pour former le barreau continu est assurée par la simple compression de la matière particulaire. On peut toutefois améliorer cette liaison des tronçons successifs en prévoyant, sur la tête de piston 21, une partie centrale proéminente 22 qui produit une poussée différentielle de la partie centrale de matière par rapport à la partie périphérique.The joining of the successive compressed sections to form the continuous bar is ensured by the simple compression of the particulate material. However, this connection can be improved for successive sections by providing, on the piston head 21, a prominent central portion 22 which produces a differential thrust of the central portion of material relative to the peripheral portion.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui ont été explicitement décrits, mais elle en inclut les diverses variantes et généralisations contenues dans le domaine des revendications ci-après.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been explicitly described, but it includes the various variants and generalizations thereof within the scope of the claims below.

Claims (13)

  1. Solid chemical chimney cleaning product for the destruction of carbon-containing deposits such as soot,
    - consisting of a mixed and compressed aggregate of solid particulate cellulose-based combustible material and powder or crystals of an agent for the chemical destruction of the carbon-containing deposits,
    - the agent for the chemical destruction of the carbon-containing deposits containing at least one ammonium salt and at least one salt of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal,
    - the solid particulate cellulose-based combustible material being present in a proportion of at least 30% by weight of the product,
    - the agent for the chemical destruction of the carbon-containing deposits being present in a portion of at least 20% by weight of the product.
  2. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid particulate cellulose-based combustible material is sawdust.
  3. Product according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the ammonium salt is chosen from the family comprising ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate and ammonium chloride.
  4. Product according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the ammonium salt is ammonium sulphate.
  5. Product according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the agent for the chemical destruction of the carbon-containing deposits contains a mixture of an ammonium salt, potassium nitrate and potassium carbonate.
  6. Product according to claim 5, characterized in that the ammonium salt is present in the agent for chemical destruction of carbon-containing deposits in a proportion greater than 50% by weight of the agent.
  7. Product according to claim 6, characterized in that the potassium nitrate and the potassium carbonate are present in the chemical destruction agent in similar percentages.
  8. Product according to claim 7, characterized in that the potassium nitrate is present in a proportion of approximately 20% and the potassium carbonate is present in a proportion of approximately 15% by weight of the agent for the chemical destruction of the carbon-containing deposits.
  9. Product according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the chemical destruction agent contains a mixture of :
    - 50 to 70% of ammonium sulphate,
    - 15 to 30% of potassium nitrate,
    - 10 to 25% of potassium carbonate,
    - 2 to 8% of nickel acetate,
    for a total of 100% by weight of the chemical destruction agent.
  10. Method of fabrication of a solid chemical chimney cleaning product according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the destruction of the carbon-containing deposits, characterized in that it comprises the following steps :
    a) mixing the solid particulate combustible material and the chemical destruction agent powder or crystals, in proportions by weight of at least 30% of solid particulate combustible material and at least 20% of chemical destruction agent,
    b) compressing the mixture at a pressure greater than 20.105 Pa.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that, during the fabrication of the product, the mixture contains less than 15% by weight of water.
  12. Method according to either claim 10 or claim 11, characterized in that :
    - an alternating press is used having a tubular structure (14) through which passes an axial piston (12) and in which there are distinguished a reception chamber (15) with a top orifice (16) for introduction of the mixture, an adjacent compression chamber (18), and an axial outlet chamber (19),
    - at the outlet from the press, the compressed product in the form of a continuous cylinder is cut to appropriate length by a saw (13).
  13. Use of a solid chemical chimney cleaning product according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the destruction of carbon-containing deposits such as soot in a chimney (4), comprising the steps of :
    1) making a fire in the chimney (4) to heat the flue (8) of the chimney to a temperature close to the usual operating temperature of the chimney,
    2) constituting a bed of embers (6) with the residues of the fire,
    3) placing the solid product (1) on the bed of embers (6), and allowing it to act.
EP02356071A 2001-04-19 2002-04-18 Chemical soot remover Expired - Lifetime EP1254946B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0105530 2001-04-19
FR0105530A FR2823759B1 (en) 2001-04-19 2001-04-19 CHEMICAL RAMONING PRODUCT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1254946A1 EP1254946A1 (en) 2002-11-06
EP1254946B1 true EP1254946B1 (en) 2007-02-14

Family

ID=8862650

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02356071A Expired - Lifetime EP1254946B1 (en) 2001-04-19 2002-04-18 Chemical soot remover

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1254946B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE353949T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60218079D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2823759B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1019873A3 (en) 2010-09-23 2013-02-05 Chembo S A SOLID COMPOSITION OF CHEMICAL SCRAP.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2554458B1 (en) * 1983-11-03 1986-03-14 Thibonnet Bernard COMBUSTIBLE CLEANING COMPLEX
FR2749855B1 (en) * 1996-10-10 1998-10-30 Eurexim SOLID FUEL AGENT FOR DESTRUCTION OF SOOT AND TARS, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND USE THEREOF

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2823759B1 (en) 2006-02-03
FR2823759A1 (en) 2002-10-25
EP1254946A1 (en) 2002-11-06
ATE353949T1 (en) 2007-03-15
DE60218079D1 (en) 2007-03-29

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