EP1250831A1 - Semiconductor polymer temperature limiter and heating appliance comprising same - Google Patents

Semiconductor polymer temperature limiter and heating appliance comprising same

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Publication number
EP1250831A1
EP1250831A1 EP01903968A EP01903968A EP1250831A1 EP 1250831 A1 EP1250831 A1 EP 1250831A1 EP 01903968 A EP01903968 A EP 01903968A EP 01903968 A EP01903968 A EP 01903968A EP 1250831 A1 EP1250831 A1 EP 1250831A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
limiter
temperature limiter
heating
heating module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01903968A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vincent Gerard
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GC Technology
Original Assignee
GC Technology
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GC Technology filed Critical GC Technology
Publication of EP1250831A1 publication Critical patent/EP1250831A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a temperature limiter as well as to a heating device making use of this limiter.
  • the term heating appliance brings to mind first of all heating equipment such as radiators, but many other applications require a heat source, in particular food cooking plates.
  • Heat on the other hand, can be produced in different ways, using fossil fuels naturally, but more and more commonly using electric energy. For the sake of clarity, the invention will therefore be presented with reference to an electric heater.
  • an electric radiator essentially consists of a heating body in contact with the environment, this heating body coating a heating module which ensures the production of heat.
  • the heating module is a resistive wire embedded in a heating body made of thermosetting plastic.
  • the radiator is often associated with a thermostat which regulates the ambient temperature. During the heating phase, the temperature of the heating body appreciably exceeds the ambient temperature and may even exceed a limit value imposed for safety reasons or to avoid damage to the radiator.
  • a temperature limiter is therefore provided, a component similar to a thermostat, but whose function here is to keep the temperature of the heating body below a limit value and not to regulate the ambient temperature.
  • temperature limiters including mechanical components such as, bimetallic strips, liquid or gas expansion devices, vapor pressure devices, heat-sensitive waxes, fusible materials or magnetic actuation mechanisms. These components result from the assembly of several elements, at least one of which is mobile. Their manufacture is therefore relatively complex due to the assembly and their reliability is often limited. In addition, they do not lend themselves to strong miniaturization.
  • Static components are also known, temperature sensors, such as thermistors with a positive or negative temperature coefficient and thermocouples. These sensors do not suffer from the limitations of mechanical components, but when used as temperature limiters, they require an electronic measurement circuit. The overall size and the cost of the temperature limiter are very significantly affected.
  • the present invention thus relates to a temperature limiter of great simplicity and a heating device making use of this limiter.
  • a heating device comprising, in a heating body, on the one hand a heating module and on the other hand a temperature limiter to act on the supply of this heating module, the active element of the temperature limiter is made of semiconductor polymer material.
  • the polymer material has an electrical resistivity with a positive temperature coefficient, this resistivity being preferably less than 10 _ 1 ⁇ .m at low temperature.
  • the temperature limiter consists of a plurality of heat-sensitive dipoles connected in series, each of these dipoles containing the active element.
  • these heat-sensitive dipoles have a resistance of less than 2.5 ⁇ .
  • the temperature limiter is constituted by a filiform dipole connecting between its ends this active element.
  • the active element having a maximum resistance variation when it is traversed by a saturation current
  • the temperature limiter is itself designed to be traversed by a current less than one third of this saturation current.
  • the heating module has an electrical supply.
  • the temperature limiter is connected in series with the heating module, or the temperature limiter is provided to control a switch acting on the supply to this heating module.
  • the invention also relates to the temperature limiter, the active element of which is made of semiconductor polymer material.
  • FIG. 1 a diagram of a first embodiment of '' a heater
  • FIG. 2 a diagram of a second embodiment of a heating appliance
  • FIG. 3 a diagram of a filiform temperature limiter.
  • the temperature limiter according to the invention is therefore produced by applying two electrodes to a semiconductor polymer material.
  • Such a material is formed from a matrix of an organic polymer in which are arranged electrically conductive micro particles, generally carbon black.
  • the temperature sensitivity of this material is due to a phase change in the polymer.
  • the polymer At low temperature, the polymer has an essentially polycrystalline structure, the conductive particles coming to lodge in the walls in amorphous phase which separate the crystallites.
  • the proportion of particles in the material exceeds a so-called percolation threshold such that the conductive particles are in contact or in quasi-contact.
  • the material then has a resisitivity close to that of a metal, preferably less than 10 _1 ⁇ .m.
  • the amorphous phase of the polymer progresses to the detriment of the polycrystalline phase due to the melting of the crystallites, thus disturbing the conduction network formed by the particles.
  • the material past a certain temperature, therefore has a high resistivity. In this case, it is characterized by a positive temperature coefficient.
  • a temperature limiter is to limit the temperature of the body in which it is integrated. It is therefore advisable not to distort the temperature measurement by excessive self-heating of the limiter itself. Indeed, although the resistance of the semiconductor material is low at low temperature, it is however not zero, so that when the material is traversed by a current, self-heating by Joule effect occurs.
  • the variation in resistivity of the material is considerable in a very narrow temperature range corresponding to the melting of the crystallites of the polymer while it is relatively small outside this range.
  • a critical temperature respectively a saturation current
  • the temperature limiter exploits the variation in resistivity of the material, so that its set value will preferably be chosen equal to the critical temperature. This choice provides maximum sensitivity.
  • the radiator comprises, embedded in a thermosetting plastic heating body, two resistive wires 13, 14 and a thermosensitive dipole 16 in series.
  • thermosensitive dipole formed by a pellet of semiconductor polymer material sandwiched between two electrodes constitutes the temperature limiter.
  • this dipole has a resistance less than 2.5 ⁇ at low temperature.
  • the radiator 20 similar to that previously described, therefore comprises a heating body 21.
  • the heating module here consists of three resistive wires 23, 24, 25 connected in parallel on a supply cable AL.
  • the temperature limiter here is composed of a plurality of heat-sensitive dipoles 26 connected in series to a measurement cable MES. Again, these dipoles each have a resistance of less than 2.5 ⁇ at low temperature.
  • the radiator is designed to operate in association with a control circuit 28 essentially comprising a power relay 29 which connects or isolates a power cable P and the power cable AL of the radiator. This power cable is designed to deliver the electrical energy necessary for the heating module.
  • the MES measurement cable is inserted in series on one of the conductors of the COM control supply of the relay In this case, the current passing through the heat-sensitive dipoles can be very low since its sole function is to control the relay 29 or any equivalent switching device.
  • the plurality of heat-sensitive dipoles 26 makes it possible to detect local overheating which could be masked if only one dipole was used.
  • this sensor is presented as a wire or a strip 31 metallized with a metallic layer 32 having discontinuities 33.
  • a thermosensitive dipole is thus defined at each discontinuity.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a heating appliance comprising, a heating unit (11), a heating module (13, 14) and a temperature limiter (16) to act on the power supply of said heating module. Further, the temperature limiter active element is made of a semiconductor polymer material. The invention also concerns the temperature limiter whereof the element is made of semiconductor polymer material.

Description

Limiteur de température en polymère semi-conducteur et appareil chauffant incorporant un tel limiteur La présente invention concerne un limiteur de température ainsi qu'un appareil chauffant faisant usage de ce limiteur. Le terme appareil chauffant fait penser en premier lieu aux équipements de chauffage tels que les radiateurs, mais de nombreuses autres applications nécessitent une source de chaleur, notamment les plaques de cuisson alimentaire. La chaleur, quant à elle, peut être produite de différentes manières, au moyen de combustibles fossiles naturellement, mais de plus en plus couramment au moyen de l'énergie électrique. Dans un souci de clarté, l'invention sera donc présentée en référence à un radiateur électrique. The present invention relates to a temperature limiter as well as to a heating device making use of this limiter. The term heating appliance brings to mind first of all heating equipment such as radiators, but many other applications require a heat source, in particular food cooking plates. Heat, on the other hand, can be produced in different ways, using fossil fuels naturally, but more and more commonly using electric energy. For the sake of clarity, the invention will therefore be presented with reference to an electric heater.
Comme tous les appareils chauffants, un radiateur électrique est essentiellement constitué d'un corps de chauffe en contact avec le milieu ambiant, ce corps de chauffe enrobant un module de chauffage qui assure la production de chaleur. A titre d'exemple, le module de chauffage est un fil résistif enrobé dans un corps de chauffe en matériau plastique thermodurcissable. Le radiateur est souvent associé à un thermostat qui régule la température ambiante. En phase de chauffe, la température du corps de chauffe excède sensiblement la température ambiante et peut même excéder une valeur limite imposée pour des raisons de sécurité ou pour éviter une dégradation du radiateur.Like all heating devices, an electric radiator essentially consists of a heating body in contact with the environment, this heating body coating a heating module which ensures the production of heat. For example, the heating module is a resistive wire embedded in a heating body made of thermosetting plastic. The radiator is often associated with a thermostat which regulates the ambient temperature. During the heating phase, the temperature of the heating body appreciably exceeds the ambient temperature and may even exceed a limit value imposed for safety reasons or to avoid damage to the radiator.
On prévoit donc un limiteur de température, composant similaire à un thermostat, mais dont la fonction est ici de conserver la température du corps de chauffe en dessous d'une valeur limite et non pas de réguler la température ambiante.A temperature limiter is therefore provided, a component similar to a thermostat, but whose function here is to keep the temperature of the heating body below a limit value and not to regulate the ambient temperature.
On connaît de nombreux limiteurs de température au nombre desquels figurent les composants mécaniques tels que, bilames, dispositifs à dilatation de liquide ou de gaz, dispositifs à tension de vapeur, cires thermosensibles, matériaux fusibles ou mécanismes à actionnement magnétique. Ces composants résultent de l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments dont l'un d'entre eux au moins est mobile. Leur fabrication est donc relativement complexe du fait de l'assemblage et leur fiabilité est souvent limitée. De plus, ils se prêtent mal à une forte miniaturisation.Numerous temperature limiters are known, including mechanical components such as, bimetallic strips, liquid or gas expansion devices, vapor pressure devices, heat-sensitive waxes, fusible materials or magnetic actuation mechanisms. These components result from the assembly of several elements, at least one of which is mobile. Their manufacture is therefore relatively complex due to the assembly and their reliability is often limited. In addition, they do not lend themselves to strong miniaturization.
On connaît par ailleurs les composants statiques, capteurs de température, tels que thermistances à coefficient de température positif ou négatif et thermocouples. Ces capteurs ne souffrent pas des limitations des composants mécaniques, mais lorsqu'ils sont utilisés comme limiteurs de température, ils requièrent un circuit de mesure électronique. L'encombrement global et le coût du limiteur de température s'en voient très sensiblement affectés. La présente invention a ainsi pour objet un limiteur de température d'une grande simplicité et un appareil chauffant faisant usage de ce limiteur.Static components are also known, temperature sensors, such as thermistors with a positive or negative temperature coefficient and thermocouples. These sensors do not suffer from the limitations of mechanical components, but when used as temperature limiters, they require an electronic measurement circuit. The overall size and the cost of the temperature limiter are very significantly affected. The present invention thus relates to a temperature limiter of great simplicity and a heating device making use of this limiter.
Selon l'invention, un appareil chauffant comprenant, dans un corps de chauffe, d'une part un module de chauffage et d'autre part un limiteur de température pour agir sur l'alimentation de ce module de chauffage, l'élément actif du limiteur de température est en matériau polymère semi-conducteur.According to the invention, a heating device comprising, in a heating body, on the one hand a heating module and on the other hand a temperature limiter to act on the supply of this heating module, the active element of the temperature limiter is made of semiconductor polymer material.
De plus, le matériau polymère présente une résistivité électrique à coefficient de température positif, cette résistivité étant de préférence inférieure à 10_ 1 Ω.m à basse température.In addition, the polymer material has an electrical resistivity with a positive temperature coefficient, this resistivity being preferably less than 10 _ 1 Ω.m at low temperature.
Suivant une première option, le limiteur de température est constitué par une pluralité de dipôles thermosensibles connectés en série, chacun de ces dipôles contenant l'élément actif. De préférence, ces dipôles thermosensibles présentent une résistance inférieure à 2,5 Ω.According to a first option, the temperature limiter consists of a plurality of heat-sensitive dipoles connected in series, each of these dipoles containing the active element. Preferably, these heat-sensitive dipoles have a resistance of less than 2.5 Ω.
Suivant une seconde option, le limiteur de température est constitué par un dipôle filiforme connectant entre ses extrémités cet élément actif. Avantageusement, l'élément actif présentant une variation de résistance maximale lorsqu'il est parcouru par un courant de saturation, le limiteur de température est lui prévu pour être parcouru par un courant inférieur au tiers de ce courant de saturation.According to a second option, the temperature limiter is constituted by a filiform dipole connecting between its ends this active element. Advantageously, the active element having a maximum resistance variation when it is traversed by a saturation current, the temperature limiter is itself designed to be traversed by a current less than one third of this saturation current.
A titre d'exemple, le module de chauffage dispose d'une alimentation électrique.For example, the heating module has an electrical supply.
Dans ce cas, soit le limiteur de température est connecté en série avec le module de chauffage, soit le limiteur de température est prévu pour commander un commutateur agissant sur l'alimentation de ce module de chauffage. L'invention concerne également le limiteur de température dont l'élément actif est en matériau polymère semi-conducteur.In this case, either the temperature limiter is connected in series with the heating module, or the temperature limiter is provided to control a switch acting on the supply to this heating module. The invention also relates to the temperature limiter, the active element of which is made of semiconductor polymer material.
La présente invention apparaîtra maintenant avec plus de détails dans le cadre de la description qui suit d'exemples de réalisation donnés à titre illustratif en se référant aux figures annexées qui représentent : - la figure 1 , un schéma d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un appareil chauffant, - la figure 2, un schéma d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un appareil chauffant,The present invention will now appear in more detail in the context of the description which follows of exemplary embodiments given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures which represent: - Figure 1, a diagram of a first embodiment of '' a heater, FIG. 2, a diagram of a second embodiment of a heating appliance,
- la figure 3, un schéma d'un limiteur de température filiforme.- Figure 3, a diagram of a filiform temperature limiter.
Les éléments identiques sont affectés d'une seule référence dans les figures.Identical elements are given a single reference in the figures.
Le limiteur de température selon l'invention est donc réalisé par application de deux électrodes sur un matériau polymère semi-conducteur.The temperature limiter according to the invention is therefore produced by applying two electrodes to a semiconductor polymer material.
Un tel matériau est formé d'une matrice d'un polymère organique dans laquelle sont disposées des micro particules conductrices de l'électricité, généralement du noir de carbone. La sensibilité de ce matériau à la température est due à un changement de phase du polymère.Such a material is formed from a matrix of an organic polymer in which are arranged electrically conductive micro particles, generally carbon black. The temperature sensitivity of this material is due to a phase change in the polymer.
A basse température le polymère à une structure essentiellement polycristalline, les particules conductrices venant se loger dans les parois en phase amorphe qui séparent les cristallites. La proportion de particules dans le matériau excède un seuil dit de percolation tel que les particules conductrices soient en contact ou en quasi contact. Le matériau présente alors une résisitivité voisine de celle d'un métal, de préférence inférieure à 10_1 Ω.m.At low temperature, the polymer has an essentially polycrystalline structure, the conductive particles coming to lodge in the walls in amorphous phase which separate the crystallites. The proportion of particles in the material exceeds a so-called percolation threshold such that the conductive particles are in contact or in quasi-contact. The material then has a resisitivity close to that of a metal, preferably less than 10 _1 Ω.m.
Lorsque la température augmente, la phase amorphe du polymère progresse au détriment de la phase polycristalline du fait de la fusion des cristallites, perturbant ainsi le réseau de conduction formé par les particules. Le matériau, passé une certaine température, présente donc une forte résistivité. Il est dans ce cas caractérisé par un coefficient de température positif.When the temperature increases, the amorphous phase of the polymer progresses to the detriment of the polycrystalline phase due to the melting of the crystallites, thus disturbing the conduction network formed by the particles. The material, past a certain temperature, therefore has a high resistivity. In this case, it is characterized by a positive temperature coefficient.
Un limiteur de température a pour vocation de limiter la température du corps dans lequel il est intégré. Il convient donc de ne pas fausser la mesure de température par un auto-échauffement excessif du limiteur lui-même. En effet, bien que la résistance du matériau semi-conducteur soit faible à basse température, elle n'est cependant pas nulle, si bien que lorsque le matériau est parcouru par un courant, un auto-échauffement par effet Joule se produit.The purpose of a temperature limiter is to limit the temperature of the body in which it is integrated. It is therefore advisable not to distort the temperature measurement by excessive self-heating of the limiter itself. Indeed, although the resistance of the semiconductor material is low at low temperature, it is however not zero, so that when the material is traversed by a current, self-heating by Joule effect occurs.
La variation de résistivité du matériau est considérable dans une plage de température très étroite correspondant à la fusion des cristallites du polymère tandis qu'elle est relativement faible en dehors de cette plage. Ainsi, on peut définir une température critique, respectivement un courant de saturation, comme la valeur moyenne des extrémités de la plage de température définie ci- dessus, respectivement le courant parcourant le matériau qui permet d'atteindre cette température critique par auto-échauffement. Le limiteur de tempόrature exploite la variation de résistivité du matériau, si bien que sa valeur de consigne sera choisie de préférence égale à la température critique. Ce choix permet d'obtenir une sensibilité maximale.The variation in resistivity of the material is considerable in a very narrow temperature range corresponding to the melting of the crystallites of the polymer while it is relatively small outside this range. Thus, it is possible to define a critical temperature, respectively a saturation current, as the average value of the ends of the temperature range defined above, respectively the current flowing through the material which makes it possible to reach this critical temperature by self-heating. The temperature limiter exploits the variation in resistivity of the material, so that its set value will preferably be chosen equal to the critical temperature. This choice provides maximum sensitivity.
Il convient donc de limiter l'auto-échauffement dans toute la mesure du possible et pour ce faire, il est souhaitable d'appliquer au limiteur un courant qui n'excède pas le tiers du courant de saturation. Naturellement, la précision atteinte sera d'autant plus grande que ce courant appliqué sera faible.It is therefore advisable to limit the self-heating as much as possible and to do this, it is desirable to apply to the limiter a current which does not exceed one third of the saturation current. Naturally, the accuracy achieved will be greater the lower this applied current.
En référence à la figure 1 est présenté un premier mode de réalisation d'un appareil chauffant, un radiateur électrique en l'occurrence. Le radiateur comprend, enrobés dans un corps de chauffe en plastique thermodurcissable, deux fils résistifs 13, 14 et un dipôle thermosensible 16 en série.Referring to Figure 1 is presented a first embodiment of a heating device, an electric heater in this case. The radiator comprises, embedded in a thermosetting plastic heating body, two resistive wires 13, 14 and a thermosensitive dipole 16 in series.
Les deux fils résistifs qui sont symbolisés par des résistances dans la figure constituent le module de chauffage, alors que le dipôle thermosensible formé d'une pastille de matériau polymère semi-conducteur enserrée entre deux électrodes constitue le limiteur de température. De préférence, ce dipôle présente une résistance inférieure à 2,5 Ω à basse température.The two resistive wires which are symbolized by resistors in the figure constitute the heating module, while the thermosensitive dipole formed by a pellet of semiconductor polymer material sandwiched between two electrodes constitutes the temperature limiter. Preferably, this dipole has a resistance less than 2.5 Ω at low temperature.
Suite aux considérations précédentes relatives à l'auto-échauffement, il apparaît que le courant appliqué aux trois éléments 13, 14, 16 connectés en série dépend des caractéristiques du dipôle 16. Cette contrainte est parfois difficile à satisfaire, compte tenu de la puissance de chauffe nécessaire et des types de dipôles disponibles.Following the previous considerations relating to self-heating, it appears that the current applied to the three elements 13, 14, 16 connected in series depends on the characteristics of the dipole 16. This constraint is sometimes difficult to satisfy, given the power of heating required and types of dipoles available.
Ainsi, en référence à la figure 2 un deuxième mode de réalisation est présenté. Le radiateur 20, similaire à celui précédemment décrit, comprend donc un corps de chauffe 21. Le module de chauffage est ici constitué de trois fils résistifs 23, 24, 25 connectés en parallèle sur un câble d'alimentation AL. Le limiteur de température est ici composé d'une pluralité de dipôles thermosensibles 26 connectés en série à un câble de mesure MES. Là encore, ces dipôle présentent chacun une résistance inférieure à 2,5 Ω à basse température. Le radiateur est prévu pour fonctionner en association avec un circuit de commande 28 comprenant essentiellement un relais de puissance 29 qui connecte ou isole un câble de puissance P et le câble d'alimentation AL du radiateur. Ce câble de puissance est prévu pour délivrer l'énergie électrique nécessaire au module de chauffage. Le câble de mesure MES est inséré en série sur l'un des conducteurs de l'alimentation de commande COM du relais Dans ce cas, le courant traversant les dipôles thermosensibles peut être très faible puisqu'il a pour seule fonction de commander le relais 29 ou tout dispositif de commutation équivalent.Thus, with reference to FIG. 2, a second embodiment is presented. The radiator 20, similar to that previously described, therefore comprises a heating body 21. The heating module here consists of three resistive wires 23, 24, 25 connected in parallel on a supply cable AL. The temperature limiter here is composed of a plurality of heat-sensitive dipoles 26 connected in series to a measurement cable MES. Again, these dipoles each have a resistance of less than 2.5 Ω at low temperature. The radiator is designed to operate in association with a control circuit 28 essentially comprising a power relay 29 which connects or isolates a power cable P and the power cable AL of the radiator. This power cable is designed to deliver the electrical energy necessary for the heating module. The MES measurement cable is inserted in series on one of the conductors of the COM control supply of the relay In this case, the current passing through the heat-sensitive dipoles can be very low since its sole function is to control the relay 29 or any equivalent switching device.
La pluralité de dipôles thermosensibles 26 permet de détecter des surchauffes locales qui pourraient être masquées si un seul dipôle était utilisé.The plurality of heat-sensitive dipoles 26 makes it possible to detect local overheating which could be masked if only one dipole was used.
Il faut toutefois remarquer qu'un résultat équivalent pourrait être obtenu en remplaçant l'ensemble des dipôles, composants discrets, par un seul capteur filiforme serpentant au sein du corps de chauffe.It should however be noted that an equivalent result could be obtained by replacing all of the dipoles, discrete components, by a single filiform sensor snaking within the heating body.
En référence à la figure 3 ce capteur se présente comme un fil ou un ruban 31 métallisé avec une couche métallique 32 présentant des discontinuités 33. On définit ainsi un dipôle thermosensible au niveau de chaque discontinuité.With reference to FIG. 3, this sensor is presented as a wire or a strip 31 metallized with a metallic layer 32 having discontinuities 33. A thermosensitive dipole is thus defined at each discontinuity.
Les exemples de réalisation de l'invention présentés ci-dessus ont été choisis pour leur caractère concret. Il ne serait cependant pas possible de répertorier de manière exhaustive tous les modes de réalisation que recouvre cette invention. En particulier, tout moyen décrit peut-être remplacé par un moyen équivalent sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention. The embodiments of the invention presented above have been chosen for their specific nature. However, it would not be possible to exhaustively list all the embodiments covered by this invention. In particular, any means described may be replaced by equivalent means without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 ) Appareil chauffant (20) comprenant, dans un corps de chauffe (11 , 21), d'une part un module de chauffage (13, 14 ; 23, 24, 25) et d'autre part un limiteur de température (16, 26) pour agir sur l'alimentation de ce module de chauffage, caractérisé en ce que l'élément actif dudit limiteur de température est en matériau polymère semi-conducteur.1) Heating appliance (20) comprising, in a heating body (11, 21), on the one hand a heating module (13, 14; 23, 24, 25) and on the other hand a temperature limiter (16 , 26) to act on the power supply of this heating module, characterized in that the active element of said temperature limiter is made of semiconductor polymer material.
2) Appareil selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau polymère présente une résistivité électrique à coefficient de température positif.2) Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said polymeric material has an electrical resistivity with a positive temperature coefficient.
3) Appareil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau polymère présente une résistivité inférieure à 10_1 Ω.m à basse température.3) Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said polymer material has a resistivity less than 10 _1 Ω.m at low temperature.
4) Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit limiteur de température est constitué par une pluralité de dipôles thermosensibles (26) connectés en série, chacun de ces dipôles contenant ledit élément actif. 5) Appareil selon la revendications 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits dipôles thermosensibles présentent une résistance inférieure à 2,5 Ω.4) Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said temperature limiter is constituted by a plurality of heat-sensitive dipoles (26) connected in series, each of these dipoles containing said active element. 5) Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said heat-sensitive dipoles have a resistance less than 2.5 Ω.
6) Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit limiteur de température est constitué par un dipôle filiforme connectant entre ses extrémités ledit élément actif (31 ). 7) Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que, ledit élément actif présentant une variation de résistance maximale lorsqu'il est parcouru par un courant de saturation, ledit limiteur de température est lui prévu pour être parcouru par un courant inférieur au tiers dudit courant de saturation. 8) Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit module de chauffage dispose d'une alimentation électrique.6) Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said temperature limiter is constituted by a filiform dipole connecting between its ends said active element (31). 7) Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that, said active element having a maximum resistance variation when it is traversed by a saturation current, said temperature limiter is it intended to be traversed by a lower current to a third of said saturation current. 8) Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said heating module has an electrical supply.
9) Appareil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit limiteur de température ( 16) et ledit module de chauffage (13, 14) sont connectés en série. 10) Appareil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit limiteur de température (26) est prévu pour commander un commutateur (29) agissant sur l'alimentation dudit module de chauffage (23, 24, 25).9) Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that said temperature limiter (16) and said heating module (13, 14) are connected in series. 10) Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that said temperature limiter (26) is provided for controlling a switch (29) acting on the supply of said heating module (23, 24, 25).
11 ) Limiteur de température, caractérisé en ce que l'élément actif qui le constitue est en matériau polymère semi-conducteur (31). 12) Limiteur selon la revendication 11 , caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau polymère présente une résistance électrique à coefficient de température positif. 13) Limiteur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau polymère présente une résistivité inférieure à 10-1 Ω.m à basse température.11) Temperature limiter, characterized in that the active element which constitutes it is made of semiconductor polymer material (31). 12) Limiter according to claim 11, characterized in that said polymeric material has an electrical resistance with a positive temperature coefficient. 13) Limiter according to claim 12, characterized in that said polymer material has a resistivity less than 10 -1 Ω.m at low temperature.
14) Limiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 ou 13 caractérisé en ce que, ledit matériau polymère présentant une variation de résistance maximale lorsqu'il est parcouru par un courant de saturation, ledit limiteur de température est lui prévu pour être parcouru par un courant inférieur au tiers dudit courant de saturation. 14) Limiter according to any one of claims 12 or 13 characterized in that, said polymeric material having a maximum resistance variation when it is traversed by a saturation current, said temperature limiter is it intended to be traversed by a current less than a third of said saturation current.
EP01903968A 2000-01-25 2001-01-25 Semiconductor polymer temperature limiter and heating appliance comprising same Withdrawn EP1250831A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0000889A FR2804278B1 (en) 2000-01-25 2000-01-25 SEMICONDUCTOR POLYMER TEMPERATURE LIMITER AND HEATING APPARATUS INCLUDING SUCH LIMITER
FR0000889 2000-01-25
PCT/FR2001/000244 WO2001056332A1 (en) 2000-01-25 2001-01-25 Semiconductor polymer temperature limiter and heating appliance comprising same

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GB0808840D0 (en) 2008-05-15 2008-06-18 Rolls Royce Plc A compound structure
GB2462102B (en) 2008-07-24 2010-06-16 Rolls Royce Plc An aerofoil sub-assembly, an aerofoil and a method of making an aerofoil
GB0901235D0 (en) 2009-01-27 2009-03-11 Rolls Royce Plc An article with a filler
GB0901318D0 (en) 2009-01-28 2009-03-11 Rolls Royce Plc A method of joining plates of material to form a structure
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WO2001056332A1 (en) 2001-08-02
FR2804278A1 (en) 2001-07-27

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