EP1245122A2 - Wireless local loop system (wll-system) - Google Patents
Wireless local loop system (wll-system)Info
- Publication number
- EP1245122A2 EP1245122A2 EP00990111A EP00990111A EP1245122A2 EP 1245122 A2 EP1245122 A2 EP 1245122A2 EP 00990111 A EP00990111 A EP 00990111A EP 00990111 A EP00990111 A EP 00990111A EP 1245122 A2 EP1245122 A2 EP 1245122A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- section
- signal
- digital
- modem
- dlc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/14—WLL [Wireless Local Loop]; RLL [Radio Local Loop]
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to digital loop carrier (DLC) systems and in particular to telephone systems where DLC systems are combined with wireless systems, and apparatus for facilitating this combination.
- DLC digital loop carrier
- Remote access systems are of increasing importance in providing cost effective and efficient telephone services. Specifically, prior to the development of remote access systems, the end user or subscriber of the telephone services could not be more than 3.5 miles (18,000 feet) from the service provider's central office. This was due to the fact that the connections between the central office and the subscriber were direct, copper wire connections, and were limited to this distance due to attenuation. Moreover, these direct connections were, and remain, costly to install and maintain.
- DLC digital loop carrier
- WLL wireless local loop
- RST remote station terminals
- Fig. 1 details a local exchange, employing a DLC system 1 and a WLL system 2.
- DLC system 1 subscribers 10a, 10b, typically urban and suburban subscribers, connect to a remote unit 12.
- This remote unit 12 is typically a neighborhood site where the service is transitioned to lines 13a, 13b, typically copper wires or coaxial cables, for delivery to the respective subscribers 10a, 10b. This service transition is commonly referred to as a local loop.
- the remote unit 12 connects to a central unit (CU) 14 via trunks (trunk lines) 16.
- the central unit 14 may be located within a central office 20 of the local exchange, where the actual switching is performed.
- subscribers In the WLL system, subscribers, typically rural subscribers 10r, communicate via their respective remote station terminal (RST) 22, with a base unit 24, typically over radio frequencies (RF).
- RST remote station terminal
- RF radio frequencies
- the base unit 24 connects to a central unit 25, analogous to central unit 14 for the DLC but adapted for the WLL, in the central office 20 via trunks 16.
- the DLC system 1 is exemplary of DLC systems in general, and as shown in Fig. 2, typically comprises a central unit 14 and a remote unit 12.
- the central unit 14 connects to the central office 20 by lines 32, while connections with the remote unit 12 are made by trunks (trunk lines) 16, as detailed above.
- Other exemplary DLC systems are models DCS-20, DCS-30, DCS-40, all commercially available from ADC/Teledata Communications Ltd., Herzlia, Israel
- Fig. 3A there is detailed the remote unit 12 of the DLC system 1 , exemplary of remote units in general.
- the remote unit 12 includes trunk cards 34 that connect to an allocation unit 36, that in turn connects to line cards 38.
- the trunk cards 34 interface the remote unit 12 with the trunk 16, and serve to extract relevant information for the remote unit, such as a voice/data telephone connection information that belongs to a subscriber of that particular remote unit 12.
- the allocation unit 36 allocates the bandwidth for each subscriber of the particular remote unit.
- the line cards 38 interface with the allocation unit 36 and transfer the voice/data connection to the subscribers' individual lines, for example, lines 13a and 13b.
- the line cards 38 shown in Fig. 3B, typically include physical interfaces
- a DLC interface 54 is in communication with the routing unit 52.
- the DLC interface 54 and routing unit 52 are controlled by a CPU 56.
- conventional DLC systems provide services, such as Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), that are not available on conventional WLL systems, and as such, WLL subscribers can not receive all of the services that subscribers on the DLC system are able to receive.
- SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
- ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
- the present invention improves on the conventional art, by combining DLC systems with WLL systems, as integrated into local loops, to improve voice/data transmissions.
- a service provider need only install and maintain a single system, the DLC system, as the WLL system connects to it, so that the WLL system is supported by the DLC system.
- the costs of installation and maintenance of a system for servicing urban, suburban and rural subscribers is reduced substantially, as only a single line system, for the combined system, from the central office to the DLC system, is required, thus eliminating the need for separate line systems for each of the DLC and WLL systems.
- the WLL system subscribers can receive all of the services available to subscribers of the DLC system, such as connection to SDH rings and connection to ADSL lines, and thus, eliminating any additional investment in the WLL system to facilitate these additional services.
- the system will have increased range as its WLL system (components thereof) can be placed farther from the central office, than with the presently employed WLL systems, that are directly connected to the central office (exchange).
- Embodiments of the present invention are directed an access system and to a line card apparatus, typically in a remote unit of a DLC system, and methods for their use. These embodiments are such that voice/data transmission services can be supplied to subscribers residing on conventional wired lines, as well as wireless lines.
- an access system comprising at least one digital loop carrier (DLC) system and at least one wireless local loop (WLL) system with a coupler for placing the at least one DLC system into operative communication with the WLL system.
- a remote unit for a digital loop carrier (DLC) system comprising at least one first card for supporting wired connections to at least one subscriber and at least one second card for supporting wireless connections to at least one other subscriber.
- the at least one second card is configured for operatively coupling the DLC system with a wireless local loop (WLL) system, along which the at least one other subscriber is located.
- a line card for supporting a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) system on a Digital Loop Carrier (DLC) system comprising a central processing unit (CPU), an interface unit for buffering transmissions to and from the line card, this interface unit in operative communication with the CPU.
- CPU central processing unit
- a base band section in operative communication with the at least one modem section, this base band section including at least a digital to analog converter and an analog to digital converter.
- a signal combining (summing) section in operative communication with the at least one modem section and the digital to analog converter, and a signal splitting section in operative communication with the at least one modem section and the at least one analog to digital converter.
- a signal combining (summing) section in operative communication with the at least one modem section and the digital to analog converter
- a signal splitting section in operative communication with the at least one modem section and the at least one analog to digital converter.
- the card is arranged such that the CPU controls operations of the at least one modem section, the base band section and the intermediate frequency section.
- each modem section typically including a modem, a digital signal processor (DSP) and at least one memory unit operably coupled thereto, with the modem in operative communication with the digital signal processor.
- DSP digital signal processor
- This method includes providing a digital loop carrier (DLC) system, providing a wireless local loop (WLL) system, coupling the DLC and WLL systems, and converting digital data from the DLC system into at least one analog signal adapted for transmission over said WLL system.
- DLC digital loop carrier
- WLL wireless local loop
- converting digital data from the DLC system into at least one analog signal adapted for transmission over said WLL system When voice/data is transmitted from the WLL subscriber to the DLC system and thereover (the reverse of the aforementioned transmission), at least one carrier signal from the WLL system, that includes the subscriber transmission, is converted into digital data for transmission over the DLC system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional telephony system that utilizes separate DLC and WLL systems;
- Fig. 2 is a diagram of a conventional DLC system in a conventional telephony system
- Fig. 3A is a diagram of a remote unit of the conventional telephony system of Fig. 2;
- Fig. 3B is a diagram of a line card used with the remote unit of Fig. 3A;
- Fig. 4 is a diagram of a telephony system of an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 5A is a diagram of a remote unit of one embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 5B is diagram of a portion of the remote unit of Fig. 5A;
- Fig. 6 is a line card of one embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a diagram of a telephony system of an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 details the system 100 of the present invention where a DLC system connects to a WLL system (forming a portion of the system 100), via a remote unit 102, in accordance with the present invention.
- Subscribers 103a (here urban but could also be suburban), receive service over the DLC system, as they are directly connected thereto by physical lines 104, while other subscribers 103b-103d, in urban 103b, suburban 103c and rural 103d, locations, receive service by wireless communications (arrows 105) over the WLL portion of the system 100.
- connections are such that all of the components are arranged to define both transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) paths for data.
- the DLC system is formed by the central unit (CU) 14, internal or external to the central office 20 or exchange (connected by lines if the central unit 14 is external to the central office 20), that in turn, connects to the remote unit 102 via trunk(s) 109.
- the trunk(s) 109 could be wired or wireless, and if wireless could be a satellite system or the like.
- the WLL portion of the system 100 is formed of at least one base unit 110, for example, a base radio frequency (BRF) unit, and remote station terminals (RSTs) 112.
- BRF base radio frequency
- RSTs remote station terminals
- the WLL portion of the system 100 connects to the DLC system at the remote unit 102 via a line card 126 (the remote unit 102 and line card 126 are shown in detail in Figs. 5A, 5B and 6 and described below).
- the base unit 110 is preferably a radio frequency (RF) unit, that transmits and receives signals, preferably RF signals, although other transceiving units are also permissible.
- the base unit 110 is in communication with the remote unit 102 via conventional line connections (detailed below).
- the components for the wireless transmitting and receiving, including the RSTs are provided by components from the StarAccessTM ERC system, commercially available from ADC Teledata Communications Ltd. of Herzlia, Israel.
- CDMA, TDMA, analog CMA or other wireless technology are used.
- the system 100 forms a transmitting (Tx) path as the data is received at the central office 20 and is sent to the central unit 14.
- the central office 20 includes a switch in communication with the central unit 14, that multiplexes the transmission (signal) on the trunk(s) 109, preferably a digital line(s), to the remote unit 102. This digital data is then modulated on analog signals for transmission to the base RF units 110 and to directly connected subscribers 103a. From the base RF unit(s) 110, RF transmissions are received by the respective RSTs 112 (these RSTs configured with hardware and software for accommodating RF transmissions) and passed to the corresponding subscribers 103b-103d.
- a receiving (Rx) path for the system 100 directly connected subscribers 103a, transmit their calls (voice/data) to the remote unit 102 over physical lines 104. Subscribers 103b-103d along the WLL portion employ the RF transmitter or the like, for sending their calls to the base RF unit 110, with the call then sent to the remote unit 102.
- the modulated analog signal is converted into a digital signal and sent over trunk(s) 109 to the central unit 14 and past the switch in the central office 20 and outward in accordance with conventional telephony.
- Fig. 5A shows the internal logical connectivity between components in the remote unit 102 of the present invention.
- the remote unit 102 includes trunk cards 120 (for example, Part No. 712-y1803B from ADC/Teledata Communications Ltd., Herzlia, Israel), that connect to an allocation unit 122, that in turn connects to line cards 124a, 124b and a WLL line card 126, the WLL line card 126 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Line cards 124a, 124b are adapted for physical wired links, and for example, can be Part No. 712-419100 from ADC/Teledata Communications Ltd., Herzlia, Israel, while the WLL line card 126 is adapted for wireless links.
- trunk cards 120 While two trunk cards 120, two "wired” line cards 124a, 124b and one WLL or “wireless” line card 126 are shown, this is exemplary only as any number of these trunk and line cards can be used, provided there is at least one "wireless" line card, in accordance with the desired embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 5B there are detailed physical connections in the remote unit 102 that form the DLC bus 127 of allocation unit 122 and line cards 124a, 124b and 126 (as shown enclosed by the broken lines in Fig. 5A, for illustration purposes only).
- Data from and to the allocation unit 122 travels to and from the line cards 124a, 124b, 126 over a series of Point-To-Point connections (PTPs) 128a, 128b and buses 129a, 129b.
- PTPs Point-To-Point connections
- Each PTP 128a, 128b is a special path between the allocation unit 122 and each line card.
- Each PTP 128a, 128b has N or greater than N connections with the allocation unit 122, N corresponding to the total number of line cards in the remote unit 102.
- Each specific connection of the N connections then extends from the respective PTP 128a, 128b, to the respective line card.
- line cards shown here are line cards 124a, 124b, 126, this is exemplary only, as the system is suited for N number of "wired" 124a, 124b and "wireless" 126 line cards.
- one PTP, such as PTP 128a is CELL oriented while the other PTP 128b would be TDM oriented.
- PTP 128a may be approximately 155M
- PTP 128b may be approximately 8MBPs on each PTP Branch.
- the busses 129a, 129b typically employ single connections to the allocation unit 122 and N line cards, here, for example, line cards 124a, 124b,
- one bus 129a is SDH oriented and can, for example, be approximately 155-622M, while the other bus 129b would be TDM oriented, and can, for example, be approximately 266M.
- connections are such that the components are arranged to define both transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) paths for data.
- digital data typically a digital signal
- the transmitting path digital data, typically a digital signal, from the respective trunk 109 (Fig. 4) is received by a corresponding trunk card 120, and passed to the allocation unit 122, where the data signal is directed and routed to the proper line card 124a, 124b, 126 over the internal DLC bus 127.
- the digital data is sent to, for example, line cards 124a, 124b.
- WLL line card 126 is employed.
- the digital signal/data is converted to an analog signal/data for transmission to the base RF unit 110 (Fig. 4), this base
- RF unit 110 including a converter for converting the received signal into an RF signal(s), for transmission to the WLL subscribers 103b-103d as detailed above.
- analog signals from the subscribers 103a and base RF (BRF) unit 110 enter the line cards 124a, 124b, 126, where they are converted to digital data. This digital data is then passed through the allocation unit 122, where it is directed, and then through the respective trunk cards 120, to the respective trunks 109, for transmission to the central unit 14 (Fig. 4).
- Fig. 6 details the WLL ("wireless") line card 126 of an embodiment of the present invention. Although only a single WLL line card is shown, this is exemplary only, as multiple WLL line cards may be used with the present invention.
- the components of the WLL line card are arranged so as to provide both transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) paths.
- Card 126 is capable of handling several subscribers, with some subscribers able to be served simultaneously, whereby each card preferably includes multiple modems.
- the combined information of all subscribers in the card 126 is transmitted, preferably via radio frequency, to the subscribers.
- the card 126 serves to transform DLC traffic into a radio frequency (RF) data stream that is sent from the base unit 110.
- the line card 126 includes a CPU 132 in communication with a DLC Interface 134, single or plural, modem section(s) 136, of which there are preferably twelve, logic sections 138 (Tx section), 139 (Rx section), employing technologies such as FPGA or ASIC, a base band section (BB) 140, and an Intermediate Frequency (IF) section 142.
- the DLC interface 134 connects to the DLC bus 127 and serves as a buffer between the DLC bus 127 and the modem section(s) 136.
- the CPU 132 interacts with DLC interface 134 by providing it with allocation information, for example, information as to destination, source, rate, signaling, etc., for the entering data/transmission.
- the DLC interface 134 signals one of the preferred twelve modem sections 136, that a transmission is entering.
- Each modem section 136 preferably modulates the information of each radio channel on a carrier frequency and vice versa. Each radio channel can be for single or multiple subscribers.
- Each modem section 136 includes a modem 150, in communication with a digital signal processor (DSP) 152, preferably coupled with a memory unit 154.
- the DSP 152 processes data associated with data received over the DLC bus 127, controlled by commands received from the CPU 132, and creates a digital representation of an analog signal, that comes from the DLC bus 127, preferably with error correction signals.
- This digital representation of an analog signal is a digital signal formed of analog samples of digital signal(s) coming from the DLC bus 127, filtered and corrected for phase errors (this filtering and correcting performed in the respective modem section 136). This digital signal is sent to the modem 150.
- Each modem section 136 is available as a single unit and for example can be Teledata Part No. 712- 71101D, from ADC/Teledata Communications Ltd., Herzlia
- the Tx section 138 processes the digital signal(s) by algorithms, such as Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) with filtering or weighting, in order to combine (sum) the digital signals as received from each modem section 136 and produce a combined (summed) digital signal.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transforms
- This Tx section 138 is adapted for functioning along the transmitting (Tx) path for the WLL line card 126.
- This Tx section is available as Teledata Part No. 752-71200B, from ADC/Teledata Communications Ltd. Herzlia Israel.
- the Rx section 139 is adapted for functioning along the receiving path for the WLL line card.
- This Rx section 139 employs Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms (IFFT) with filtering or weighting, in order to analyze the signal from the base band section 140 and split the signal to each modem 150 (of the preferred 12 modems).
- IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms
- This Rx section is available as Teledata Part No. 752- 71000C, from ADC/Teledata Communications Ltd., Herzlia, Israel.
- the base band section (BB) 140 includes signal converters.
- This section includes a digital to analog converter and filter 156, in communication with the Tx section 138, and an analog to digital converter and filter 157 in communication with the Rx section 139, for converting the signals received in this section 140 accordingly.
- the IF section 142 includes a modulator as well as a demodulator.
- the modulator When in the transmitting (Tx) path, the modulator functions such that the analog signal, as received from the base band unit 140 is modulated on a carrier signal and sent to a base unit 106, typically by coaxial cable or other conventional carrier.
- the demodulator When in the receiving (Rx) path, the demodulator functions to extract the analog signal from the coaxial cable or other conventional carrier and send it to the base band section 140.
- the DLC interface 134 receives the transmission, typically a digital signal(s), from the DLC bus 127.
- the signal(s) is then taken according to the allocation information from the CPU 132 and coupled to the respective modem 150 (in the respective modem section 136).
- the signal moves from the modem 150 to a DSP 152, where it is processed, in accordance with the allocation information provided from the CPU 132.
- This digital signal is then passed through the respective modem 150 to the Tx section 138, where it is processed by algorithms such that it is combined (summed) with other similar digital signals as received from the other modem sections (as processed in a manner identical to that described above).
- the signal is now sent to the base band section 140, where it is converted to an analog signal by being passed through the digital to analog converter and filter 156 of this section 140.
- the analog signal is sent to the IF section 142, where it is modulated onto a carrier signal and sent to the base unit 110, typically by coaxial cable of other conventional carrier.
- the analog signal is demodulated from the signal received from the base unit 110, in the IF section 142.
- the analog signal is then sent to the base band section 140, where it is converted into a digital signal upon its being passed through an analog to digital converter and filter 157 in the base band section 140.
- the digital signal is sent to the Rx section 139, where it is analyzed (split) to extract modem signals, preferably twelve modem signals corresponding to the preferred twelve modems, with each extracted signal sent to the respective selected modem section 136.
- the digital signal is converted to DLC bus digital data.
- the modem 150 then sends this data to the DLC interface 134, where it enters the DLC bus 127, for transmission to the central office 20 (Fig. 4).
- FIG. 7 there is a second system 200 in accordance with the present invention.
- This system includes a modified DLC with wireless local loop capabilities. This system enables the service provider to enlarge coverage of the system to sites where conventional lines can not be deployed or would be cost prohibitive.
- the central unit (CU) 14 in communication with the central office 20 (exchange) (via lines 32), connects to a remote unit 202, in accordance with the remote unit 102 above, in a manner where all exchange traffic is multiplexed into a high speed physical trunk.
- the trunk is a synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) protected ring 208.
- the remote unit 202 extracts the relevant telephony information form the SDH ring 208 and directs it to a local subscriber line 213, to a directly connected subscriber 213a, by a conventional line card, as detailed above, or over conventional lines or the like. While only a single remote unit 202 is shown, multiple remote units along the SDH ring 208 are also permissible.
- the remote unit 202 also employs WLL line cards of the present invention (not shown in this figure but shown as line card 126 above and described above), that connect via lines 214 (as detailed above) to a base RF (BRF) Units 218a-218c, similar to the BRF unit 110 detailed above.
- BRF base RF
- the base units 218a-218c communicate with the remote station terminals (RSTs) 220a, 220b, 221a, 221b, 221c (in accordance with those detailed above), by wireless links (arrows 224) and form the WLL portion of the system 200.
- RSTs 220a-220b and 221a-221c connect to subscribers, both voice 226 and data 228, by conventional connections, typically wired, as detailed above.
- base unit 218c is preferably an alternate RF unit for wireless transmissions to the remote station terminals 221 a-221c.
- the SDH ring 208 is controllable by a computer 240, and can be interfaced with an ATM network 242 or the like. It is preferred that the computer 240 and ATM network interface at the central unit 14. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, so as to enable one of skill in the art to practice the present invention, the preceding description is intended to be exemplary only. It should not be used to limit the scope of the invention, which should be determined by reference to the following claims.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US47656600A | 2000-01-03 | 2000-01-03 | |
US476566 | 2000-01-03 | ||
PCT/IB2000/002042 WO2001050778A2 (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2000-12-29 | Wireless local loop system (wll-system) |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1245122A2 true EP1245122A2 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
Family
ID=23892376
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00990111A Withdrawn EP1245122A2 (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2000-12-29 | Wireless local loop system (wll-system) |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1245122A2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1451245A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2698401A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0016896A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2396196A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL150309A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001050778A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200206036B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104269107B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-04-12 | 国家电网公司 | Connection conversion device of intelligent terminal |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU5973796A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1996-12-18 | Dsc Communications Corporation | Controlling transmitter gain in a wireless telecommunication s system |
GB2306854B (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-04-08 | At & T Corp | Apparatus for radio local loop system |
AU2485999A (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-16 | Alcatel Usa Sourcing, L.P. | Emergency wireless backup for telecommunications terminal |
US6188912B1 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2001-02-13 | World Access, Inc. | System for a base station for providing voice, data, and multimedia services in a wireless local loop system |
JP2000341748A (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2000-12-08 | Texas Instr Inc <Ti> | Method for allocating transmission resource in wireless communication system, frequency channel and time slot allocation system |
-
2000
- 2000-12-29 CA CA002396196A patent/CA2396196A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-29 CN CN00819283.9A patent/CN1451245A/en active Pending
- 2000-12-29 WO PCT/IB2000/002042 patent/WO2001050778A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-29 AU AU26984/01A patent/AU2698401A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-29 EP EP00990111A patent/EP1245122A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-29 IL IL15030900A patent/IL150309A0/en unknown
- 2000-12-29 BR BR0016896-3A patent/BR0016896A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-07-29 ZA ZA200206036A patent/ZA200206036B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0150778A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001050778A3 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
WO2001050778A2 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
IL150309A0 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
BR0016896A (en) | 2002-10-15 |
ZA200206036B (en) | 2003-10-16 |
CN1451245A (en) | 2003-10-22 |
AU2698401A (en) | 2001-07-16 |
CA2396196A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20040701 |