EP1238565A1

EP1238565A1 - Nonblocking switching network

Info

Publication number: EP1238565A1
Application number: EP00990525A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marcel-Abraham Troost; Franz Lindwurm; Thomas Treyer
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Priority date: 1999-12-17
Filing date: 2000-12-12
Publication date: 2002-09-11
Also published as: WO2001045453A1; CN1411674A; US20030076823A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a nonblocking switching network, comprising a plurality of input/output terminals (LI0 to LI15) for connecting a plurality of line terminator groups (LTG) for a plurality of data channels (BO) to be switched; and a time/space switching network (ZRKN). An input/output stage has a concentrator network (KN) with a concentrator/demultiplexer device (KT) which condenses/divides the plurality of data channels (BO) to be switched in the switching network. Said time/space switching network (ZRKN) consists of at least one n/n switching matrix (KM). This results in a 100 % nonblocking switching network which is flexible and can be expanded modularly.

Description

description

Non-blocking coupling network

The present invention relates to a blocking-free switching network and more particularly to a switching network which has a wholly owned freedom from blocking, and ei ^¬ ne modular expandability.

FIG. 1 shows a simplified block diagram of a telecommunications network according to the prior art, in which a switching network SN (switching network) is used for an actual connection setup. Accordingly, a switching center has a central switching unit ZVE with the switching network SN, a signaling system

Network control SSNC (signaling system network control) for processing signaling data and a coordination processor CP (coordination processor) for controlling both the signaling system network control SSNC and the switching network SN. Operation and maintenance of the central switching unit ZVE is made possible via the coordination processor CP, while the signaling system network control SSNC, for example, via CCSNo.7 high-speed channels of the central signaling system No. 7 (common channel signaling system No. 7) with others

Switching centers or signaling nodes are connected. To switch / connect respective subscriber lines, the switching center has a large number of line groups LTG (lme / trunk group), which are connected, for example, to digital line units DLU (digital lme unit) or transmit CCSNo .7 signaling data. According to FIG. 1, the actual subscriber terminals TE are connected to the digital line units DLU, and their respective data channels are conveyed by the switching center in the form of voice or data information. As an alternative to the direct connection of the subscriber terminals TE via the digital routing units DLU, such an installation can also take place via remote switching units RSU (reote switching unit) which are remotely controlled by the central switching center. Such an application is usually carried out via so-called remote control interfaces HTI (host slot slot exchange).

The actual switching or physical coupling of the data channels generated in the subscriber terminals TE takes place here in the switching network SN (switching network). FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic block diagram showing the basic functioning of a coupling network according to the prior art.

According to FIG. 2, such a conventional switching network consists of a time switching network ZKN for the temporal assignment of the data channels to be switched and a space switching network RKN for the spatial assignment of the data channels to be switched. The time switching network ZKN and the space switching network RKN are connected to one another via coupling lines KL. To switch a call, a data channel from, for example, a microphone of a subscriber A is therefore first assigned to a time slot assigned to a subscriber B by the time-side switching network ZKN m and fed to the space switching network RKN via the switching network lines KL. In the space switching network RKN there is now a spatial assignment of the data channels already assigned in time from subscriber A to subscriber B. Here, the physical assignment to the respective line group LTG (lme / trunk group) is carried out, as a result, whereby a connection, for example, from the microphone of subscriber A is switched through to the loudspeaker of subscriber B. In the opposite direction, a connection is switched through from the microphone of the subscriber B to the loudspeaker of the subscriber A. The input lines EL and the output lines AL preferably provide the connecting lines the respective management groups LTG (lme / trunk group).

In Figure 3 is a part of the ZK-time switching network ZKN verem- fanned shown, wherein, in a data storage DS the m ei ^¬ nem time division multiplex system transmitted information (for example, the subscriber A in time slot 3) is stored. A connection memory VS controlled by the coordination processor CP controls a switching device SV in such a way that, depending on the signaling information, for example the information of subscriber A stored in time slot 3 is assigned to a time slot 7 via which subscriber B can be reached. In this way, a time allocation is obtained in the time switching network ZKN.

In contrast, according to FIG. 4, in the part RK of the space switching network RKN, a spatial assignment of the respective switching network lines KL to corresponding switching network lines KL ^{Λ is} established. Such a space coupling part RK consists, for example, of a large number of controllable multiplexers RZ1 to RZ4, to which a large number of switching network lines KL1 to KL4 are connected. Again, a spatial allocation or switching to switching network lines KL1 ^N to KL ^{λ is} carried out via a connection memory VS controlled by the coordination processor CP.

FIG. 5 shows a conventional 4/4 switching matrix KM with a multiplicity of space coupling parts RK (x / y) for coupling the respective incoming switching network lines KL with the outgoing switching network lines KL ^x . A disadvantage of such conventional coupling matrices KM, however, is the extremely high number of coupling points which are realized by the space coupling parts RK (x / y). Since such coupling matrices are extremely expensive to implement and, moreover, only require 25 percent for the actual realization of the spatial coupling, they were used by so-called th Clos' see groupings superseded that ^¬ simplistic in Figure 6 is shown fanned.

The close grouping shown in FIG. 6 has the essential advantage over the n / n coupling matrix KM according to FIG. 5 that a much larger number of links can be realized by means of a significantly smaller number of coupling points. This is done in particular by an n / 2n-1 assignment with a combined path search, which also results in coupling matrixes that are almost free of blockages. However, since the newly switched connections are implemented as a function of the already switched connection, there is no 100% freedom from blocking and a blocking probability - albeit very low - with a very high connection volume.

However, due to the current development, more and more people are in need of communication, which is why the connection volume is increasing and the probability of blocking the coupling network is increasing.

In addition, the operators (service providers) of telecommunication networks endeavor to reduce the number of switching centers in order to lower the operating costs. A so-called network consolidation can mean the dismantling of network hierarchies, but it also results in a centralization of the intelligence or control of a smaller number of switching nodes, whereby the increased use of large and remote switching units with full performance and feature scope is required.

After all, the network operators entering the telecommunications market are endeavoring from the outset to be motivated by the cost reduction to operate, for example, via only one central switching center with many remote switching units. The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a coupling ^¬ network, which is 100% non-blocking and has an extremely high degree of flexibility in the implementation of diverse Vermittlungsanfordernissen. In particular, a linear expandability without New ^¬ be made possible arrangement of the coupling network, the number can be reduced by switching centers by the replacement means abge ^¬ modifying units.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

In particular, by using a concentrator unit with a concentrator device which compresses the multiplicity of data channels to be switched on switching network lines in the switching network and a time / space switching network which consists of at least one n / n switching matrix, a 100% blocking-free switching network is obtained, which easily realizes an increased connection volume and is also flexibly expandable.

In order to achieve a relatively low connection volume, the concentrate network consists only of 0.5 x n concentrators and the time / space switching network consists of an n / n switching matrix, in which only half of the switching points are used and controlled.

In order to realize a larger connection volume, the concentrate atom network can consist of n concentrator units and the time / space coupling network can have two interconnected n / n coupling matrices, one coupling matrix being firmly coupled and the other being controlled by the coordination processor.

To achieve an extraordinarily high connection volume, the concentrator network consists of axn concentrator units and the time / space coupling network consists of an / n Switching matrices and a special switching matrix, which are interconnected, wherein the switching matrices are determined verkop ^¬ pelt, and only the special switching matrix is controlled by the coordination processor.

To further improve the modularity of the blocking-free coupling network, the coupling network lines present in the coupling network can be implemented by optical and / or high-frequency electrical interfaces, as a result of which the space requirement and the susceptibility to errors are greatly reduced.

The concentrator device preferably has a channel multiplexer unit for compressing a multiplicity of data channels in the time-division multiplex system transmitted by the switching network lines. To secure and monitor a sequence of data channels to be switched, cross-channel backup data from the channel multiplex unit can be installed. In this way, a faulty transmission or a fault within the coupling network is monitored and signaled during operation.

In addition, the concentrator device can have a channel expansion unit for expanding the multiplicity of data channels to be switched, with channel-specific backup data being introduced. In this way, in particular when realizing dedicated lines, the respective data channels can be individually monitored and secured.

The invention is described below with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing.

Show it:

1 shows a simplified block diagram of a telecommunications network in accordance with the prior art; FIG. 2 shows a simplified illustration of a coupling network according to the prior art;

FIG. 3 shows a simplified illustration of part of the conventional time switching network;

Figure 4 is a simplified representation of part of the conventional space switching network;

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a 4/4 coupling matrix according to the prior art;

FIG. 6 shows a simplified illustration of a clos' grouping according to the prior art;

FIG. 7 shows a simplified block diagram of the switching network according to the invention in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 8 shows a simplified block diagram of a time / space switching network of the switching network according to the invention in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 9 shows a simplified block diagram of a time / space switching network of the switching network according to the invention in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment; and

Figure 10 is a simplified block diagram of a concentrator device as used in the switching networks according to the first to third exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 7 shows a simplified block diagram of a non-blocking switching network according to a first exemplary embodiment according to the invention, the same reference symbols denoting the same or similar elements as in the prior art. The switching network according to FIG. 7 essentially consists of a concentrating network KN and a time / space switching network ZRKN, which are connected to one another via switching network lines KL. The concentrate atom network KN has, for example, eight concentrator units KEO to KE7, each of which has 16 input / output connections LIO to LI15. The Em- / output CONNECTIONS LIO to LI15 serve to turn the Kop ^¬ pelnetzwerks of line groups to LTGO LTG 127 (lme / trunk group), which in turn over a plurality of Teilnehmerlei- obligations TL to corresponding participants m ste compound ^¬ hen.

Typically, each line group has up LTGO LTG 127 k = 128 data channels BO, which are an output line E EL respective Em- / output Anschlussen LIO to the LI15 jeweili ^¬ gen Konzentratoremheiten KEO to KE7 supplied. With a typical data width of 64 kbit / s for a data channel BO to be switched, this results in a transmission rate of 8.192 Mbit / s for the respective output lines EL.

These k (= 128) times to be switched data channels BO are now transmitted via the I / O connections LIO to LI15, which essentially represent a physical interface, to a concentrator device KT which transmits the plurality of data channels kx BO to be switched on switching network lines KLO to KL7 compressed. To clarify the mode of operation of the concentrator device KT, reference is made to FIG. 10 below.

According to FIG. 10, the concentrator device KT preferably consists of a channel multiplexer unit KA which brings together the k (= 128) to be switched data channels B0 (64 kbit / s) which are supplied and to be switched from the Em / output connections LIO to LI15, which results in a data transmission rate of for example, 16 x 128 x 64 kbit / s results. In addition, according to FIG. 10, the channel multiplexer unit KA enables cross-channel backup data KUD in the form of 2 x 128 data channels (2 x 128 x 64 kbit / s) to be added to the compressed data stream, resulting in a compressed transmission rate of 2048 + 256 = 2304 data channels (64 kbit / s) results. The additionally inserted cross-channel backup data KUD are used in particular for the backup and / or monitoring of a sequence of the data channels B0 to be conveyed.

To further secure and / or monitor the data transmitted on the switching network lines KL, a channel expansion unit KE m of the concentrator direction KT can also be provided according to FIG

Variety of data channels B0 m enables a variety of extended data channels Bl. For this purpose, for example, each data channel B0 to be switched is expanded by channel-specific backup data KID, which results in the expanded data channels B1. The data channels to be switched are preferably expanded with their data rate of 64 kbit / s to extended data channels with a data rate of 80 kbit / s. The channel-specific security data KID serve to secure and / or monitor each individual data channel and include, for example, a paπty-check and others

Monitor functions, whereby each individual data channel B0 or extended data channel B1 to be conveyed can be monitored and secured.

In particular in the construction of so-called dedicated lines, this results in the possibility of online monitoring of transparently connected connecting lines, which can be recognized and rectified immediately in the event of a connection being broken or another malfunction.

In conjunction with a demultiplexer device, which is not described in more detail below and not shown, can be found under LO ω MM P> P ¹

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-j er π d <Φ 3 P \ - '(- O P Ό rt Φ 1 Φ rt P er P M Φ P

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KL7 ^{Λ of} the coupling matrix KM can be returned to the respective concentrator devices KT.

In contrast to the commonly used switching matrices having ^¬ pierungen which specific due to the improved effectiveness Clos ^λ Grup, the present invention uses an n / n-switching matrix and according to Figure 7, a 16/16-Koppelmatrιx. In the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7, it should be noted that only a quarter of the coupling matrix π KM (connections 0 to 7) is used and controlled by the coordination processor CP, while the remaining three quarters of the coupling matrix KM (connections 8 to 15) is not used. Such a structure has a significant advantage, particularly when implementing coupling networks with a higher capacity, since the time / space

Coupling networks or the associated coupling matrices KM can be used modularly, as will be described below with reference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 shows a simplified illustration of a time / space switching network ZRKN, a switching network according to a second exemplary embodiment, which can be used, for example, for switching centers with medium capacity. In contrast to the switching network structure shown in FIG. 7 according to the first exemplary embodiment, up to 16 concentrator units KEO to KE15 are connected to the time / space switching network ZRKN according to FIG. 8, which results in a doubling of the capacity for the data channels to be switched. In particular, the use of the coupling matrix KM to be used modularly has an advantageous effect. To be more precise, a time / space coupling network to be implemented is realized from two coupling matrices KMO and KM1 of identical construction, which in turn consist of 16/16 coupling matrices according to FIG.

In order to realize the increased connection capacity, however, the coupling matrix KM1 is now firmly coupled, ie the Inputs of the first eight terminals are connected to the outputs of the second eight outputs and connections connected the inputs of the second eight ports on the outputs of the first eight An ^¬. The second eight connections of the output of the coupling matrix KM1 are also connected to the second eight input connections of the coupling matrix KMO. In the same way, the second eight output connections of the coupling matrix KMO are connected to the second eight output connections of the coupling matrix KM1, which results in a coupling matrix that is completely connected to one another. To establish the respective connections, only the coupling matrix KMO is now controlled by the coordination processor, both the first and the second half of the coupling points of the coupling matrix KMO being used. In this way, using a coupling matrix module KM, a respective capacity of the coupling network can be changed in an extremely flexible, cost-effective and finely granular manner.

In particular with the modular implementation of the coupling matrices KMO and KM1, the structure for the time

/ Space switching network is essential if optical interfaces OML are used in whole or in part for the switching network lines. Such optical interfaces OML can implement a further concentration of the data channels to be transmitted, the 8 x 184.32 Mbit / s data streams preferably being converted into m 2 x 921.6 Mbit / s optical data transmission streams.

Instead of the optical interfaces, however, electrical interfaces such as waveguides,

Coaxial cables and comparable interfaces can be realized with extremely high data rates.

FIG. 9 shows a simplified illustration of a time / space switching network ZRKN in a switching network according to a third exemplary embodiment, with a maximum number of subscriber lines or connection lines being able to be coupled. O Ld rv> P »P-

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NP Φ P o P LJ PP ^J z φ O ι-fd N yd P er Φ u 3 PP CD Φ PP tr rt

<Φ φ P φ P rt Φ rt 3 φ P- M P P z φ ω -a Φ P P PJ N LD ιQ H ι- (Φ

Φ P rt a h-- Φ ad (DP 3 a φ P CΛ CΛ M Φ 50 Φ Λ d tr "W d P lf NN l_J Φ P rt CΛ φ n Mi Φ P rt Φ PJ 3 P er P- er d HMP z tr S. er PJ CΛ Φ * a lf Φ tr ^• τ) Φ P rt Φ P a P Φ a Φ Φ Φ er O • a φ d Φ Φ tr Ό aa φ PM CΛ • Φ P a CΛ P rt H Φ 3 Λ PH 0 0 Λ d

PPH CΛ P * φ Φ Φ PN sQ J rt P Φ o φ CΛ 3 [g rt rt P er CΛ aa iv o N ι- (M Φ Φ PP σ <M ya rt o Φ d P * n er er Φ M )

Φ Φ tr P ^ P 3 PQ <PK Φ P ^J ^ Φ Φ Φ y P • tr PPP d rt MMO PJ J PJ t ^ PJ φ Φ φ JM ^ d OPH er et iQ 0 Φ CΛ CΛ ω tr φ rt ZPP P- 'PPX 3 & 3 Φ CΛ H h- ¹ er o ω Ό X ω P Φ σ P Ό lf

P Ό φ φ 1 a ιQ s P rt Ϊ «Mi d Ό CΛ T ⁾ a J rt CΛ PP σ Ir ¹ ^ P d ι- (er CΛ ^ Φ φ 3 o ^ P Φ P o rt P Ό Φ φ J 1— 'Φ d • «HW φ P

<o 0 Φ Ό o lf CΛ PP Φ dd Ό Φ a Φ P ^ N Mi P 3 P PJ σ PJ cn P ^J ^ φ N tr P φ Ό Φ o rt er iQ M Φ Ό Ό Φ P ^J <3 d rt [5 3 P σ PP ¹ P * CΛ lf φ φ Φ N Ό PP ^{^} P d lf M φ a P • 3 Φ J ιQ Φ d P ¹ Φ CΛ σ PJ Lπ IV) • a er a P Λ PP φ J a CΛ M CΛ rt rt P- Φ PJ M rt Φ P Lπ tr n P- ~ J Φ Φ

P rt Φ <h- 'φ Ό • 3 M d rt ι-i tr aa - H tr "-3 er PJ 3 P n P PJ> 3 Φ rt H 3 vo φ d JPMPP o Φ P- φ HP 3 J CΛ tr sQ d lf P ^J PJ ι- (Φ g NP rt M a P d XMHN a PJ PP Φ • a P &> Ό rt Mi rt rt 1 rt CΛ P ¹ φ P a lf PX Ό P ≤ P d φ P ^J P Φ rt P d 1 JM Φ Ό Π P PJ PP d * a ι_ι Φ φ CΛ öo 1 rt 1 ^ φ

PPPP φ P 1— ^■ 1 1 1 3 rt Φ Φ P φ φ PP ^J Q 1 X 1 φ 1 s • P 1 1 P 1

of the data channels to be switched enables an extraordinarily high number of switching processes.

In the implementation of the coupling network according to the invention described above, the use of opto-

Interfaces only proposed within the switching network. However, the invention is not limited to this and rather also includes opto-interfaces towards the line groups LTG. In particular when implementing the special coupling matrix KMS as a 128/128 coupling matrix, there is no need to implement opto-interfaces between different levels, since a distribution of coupling network lines as so-called backplane wiring can be realized. By eliminating the opto-interfaces between different levels, both the costs and the frequency of errors are reduced compared to the prior art.

Particularly in the technical implementation of the coupling network described above, the modular structure results in a flexible and fine-tunable expandability of the coupling network without changing existing cabling or interfaces. Particularly when used in the Siemens EWSD switching system, the components to be expanded can easily be added to expand the capacity.

In particular, when the concentration is selected from 16 x 8.192 Mbit / s to 184.32 Mbit / s, in addition to the data user channels to be shared by the LTG line groups, there are also 2 x 128 data channels per 125 microsecond time frame for synchronization, online test and other routine tests are available. The 8 bits of each data channel to be switched are expanded by 2 parity bits. In this way, falsifications in the data stream of the switching network can be detected and localized without the influence of the control in the switching system (cross office check). In particular, In particular, when using a 184.32 Mbit / s signal, there is an adequate basis for all monitoring and test scenarios in the coupling network.

Furthermore, due to the concentration by the concentrator device, the number of cables to be laid (switching network lines) is reduced, for example, to 1/16 in relation to the input lines EL (with 8.192 Mbit / s).

To further reduce the space required, the coupling matrices or partial matrices described above are preferably designed as ASICS.

Claims

claims

1. Non-blocking coupling network with an input / output stage, which has a large number of input / output connections (LIn) for connecting a large number of

Line groups (LTG) for a plurality of data channels (BO) to be switched; and a time / space coupling network (RKN) for temporally / spatially assigning the data channels (BO) to be switched to the multiplicity of input / output connections (LIn) in a time multiplex system, characterized in that the input / output stage a concentrator network / demultiplexer network (KN) with a concentrator / demultiplexer device (KT) which compresses / splits the plurality of data channels (BO) to be switched onto switching network lines (KL) in the switching network, and the time / space switching network (ZRKN) the data channels (BO) compressed on the switching network lines (KL) are coupled by means of at least one n / n coupling matrix (KM), with n = 1, 2, 3 ...

2. Non-blocking coupling network according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentrator network / demultiplexer network (KN) from 0.5 xn concentrator units / demultiplexer units (KEO ... 7) with respective input / output connections (LIO ... 15) exists and the time / space switching network (ZRKN) has an n / n switching matrix (KM), in which only half of the switching points are used and controlled.

3. Non-blocking coupling network according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentrator network / demultiplexer network (KN) consists of n concentrator units / demultiplexer units (KEO ... 15) with respective input / output connections (LIO ... 15) and that Time / space coupling network (ZRKN) has two interconnected n / n coupling atrices (KM), one coupling matrix (KM1) is fixedly coupled and the other switching matrix (KMO) is ^¬ is controlled.

4. Blockierungsf free coupling network according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentrator network / demultiplexer network (KN) from axn concentrator units / demultiplexer units (KEO ... 127), where a> 3, with respective Em / output connections (LIO ... 15), and the time / space coupling network (ZRKN) to / n coupling matrices

(KMO ... 15) and an axn / axn special coupling matrix (KMS), which are connected to each other, whereby the an / n coupling matrices (KMO ... 15) are firmly coupled and only the axn / axn -Special coupling matrix (KMS) is controlled.

5. Non-blocking coupling network according to one of the claims ^¬ claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coupling network lines (KL) for connecting the respective coupling matrices (KMa, KMS) with each other and / or with the concentrator / demultiplexer network (KN) optical and / or represent electrical interfaces.

6. Non-blocking coupling network according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the concentrator / demultiplexer device (KT) is a channel multiplexer / demultiplexer unit / demultiplexer unit (KA) for compressing / dividing a large number of a large number of receiving lines (EL) existing data channels (BO) on the switching network lines (KL).

7. Non-blocking coupling network according to claim 6, characterized in that the channel multiplexer unit / demultiplexer unit (KA) adds / removes backup data (KUD) to / from the plurality of data channels (B0 / B1).

8. Blockierungsf free coupling network according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the concentrator / demultiplexer device (KT) has a channel expansion / channel mmιmιerιemheι (KE) for expanding / minimizing the plurality of data channels (BO) in a variety of extended data channels (Bl) with channel-specific security data (KID).

9. Blockage-free coupling network according to claim 7 or 8, so that the cross-channel and / or channel-specific security data (KUD, KID) have synchronization data.

10. Blocking-free coupling network according to claim 7 or 9, so that the cross-channel security data (KÜD) secure and / or monitor a sequence of data channels (BO, Bl).

11. Blockage-free coupling network according to claim 8 or 9, so that the channel-specific security data (KID) secure and / or monitor each individual data channel (BO, Bl).