EP1222044B1 - Casting device with final compression - Google Patents

Casting device with final compression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1222044B1
EP1222044B1 EP00972579A EP00972579A EP1222044B1 EP 1222044 B1 EP1222044 B1 EP 1222044B1 EP 00972579 A EP00972579 A EP 00972579A EP 00972579 A EP00972579 A EP 00972579A EP 1222044 B1 EP1222044 B1 EP 1222044B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
mold
casting
mold cavity
ascending tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP00972579A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1222044A1 (en
Inventor
Peter R. Sahm
Peio Stojanov
Hauke Müller-Späth
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Gut Giesserei Umwelt Technik GmbH
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Gut Giesserei Umwelt Technik GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE1999143153 external-priority patent/DE19943153C1/en
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Publication of EP1222044A1 publication Critical patent/EP1222044A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
    • B22D27/11—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of mechanical pressing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for pressure and / or vacuum-based Casting workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a particular goal lies in the production of workpieces using the casting process therein, predetermined at predetermined locations on the cast workpiece To achieve material properties.
  • predetermined at predetermined locations on the cast workpiece For this purpose, for example, by means of casting Composite materials produced, for example in an outer area high wear resistance of the material is achieved while an inner Carrier body is essentially ductile.
  • the quality of cast Workpieces are largely dependent on the type of melt filling process the mold and the subsequent solidification process.
  • the melt is sealed in a pressure-tight manner
  • the inner space of the melting furnace can be pressurized by means of a pressure generating device. From the A ceramic riser pipe protrudes, which dips into the melt in the furnace and is connected to a mold cavity of the mold. In this way is made by pressurizing the melting furnace through the riser pipe pressed into the mold cavity of the mold.
  • the pressure in the melting furnace can in a predetermined manner the mold cavity the mold are filled with melt.
  • EP-A 937 525 describes a device for low-pressure casting of light metals especially known aluminum, which is a pressurized melting vessel contains a riser pipe with a closure near its outer mouth dips. The closure of the mouth of the riser pipe closes immediately movable. At the end of each pouring cycle, the riser pipe is poured into the sprue reaching melt column near the mouth of the riser pipe at the same time Closure of the same sheared off, this when the melt column is sheared off displaced upward melt volume in the casting mold is displaced and at least one overpressure holding the melt column against the closure is obtained.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of an improved device of the above. To create a way with which a densification with high densification pressure is possible and at the same time the high compression pressure over a longer period of time can be kept constant with high accuracy.
  • the closure means and the second pressure generating device is integrally formed as a piston are, which is arranged above the riser pipe, the piston on one riser-side end over a first predetermined axial range a first Has diameter which has an inner diameter of the riser pipe corresponds to the fact that the piston at Slide into the riser with the first one predetermined axial area, the riser pipe pressure-tight against the mold cavity closes, and in an adjacent second predetermined axial region has a diameter which is the inner diameter of the mold cavity extension equivalent.
  • the first pressure generating device is expediently a pressure vessel and / or a compressor and / or a vacuum pump.
  • the casting mold is, for example, a permanent mold or a lost mold, in particular a mold or a sand mold.
  • the workpieces produced are, for example, pistons, brake discs, connecting rods, Rims etc. or components in which infiltration or gradient structure as well locally reinforced areas are realized.
  • the casting device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a melting furnace 10 with heating 12, such as a heating winding, an inductive heating or a resistance heater, and with one arranged in the melting furnace 10 Crucible 14.
  • the melting furnace 10 is by means of a lid 16 and one appropriate seal sealed pressure-tight.
  • the trained one Pressure space 20 is by means of a first pressure generating device 22, such as a pressure vessel to which a predetermined pressure can be applied.
  • a riser pipe 24 extends through the cover 16, for example. a ceramic riser pipe which is immersed in a melt 26 arranged in the crucible 14. At an end of the riser pipe 24 facing away from the melting furnace 10 This opens into a mold cavity 28 which extends into a mold 30, Ex. into a mold.
  • the mold cavity 28 in forms in the mold 30 the embodiment shown a cavity for producing a piston for an internal combustion engine. However, it is clear that in the mold 30 each any shape can be formed.
  • a vacuum pump 32 is also provided, which optionally pumps out the mold 30.
  • a mold cavity extension 80 is formed in the mold cavity 28, in which a piston is arranged.
  • This piston can be moved in the direction of arrow 44 and has a first portion 36 which is in its outer diameter corresponds to an inner diameter of the riser pipe 24.
  • an outer diameter which is the inner diameter corresponds to the cavity expansion 80 and larger than the inner diameter of the riser pipe 24.
  • the outside diameter of the section 36 is chosen such that when this section 36 is inserted into a Cavity-side opening or junction of the riser pipe pressure-tight is closed against the mold cavity.
  • melt 26 is first over the riser pipe 24 is introduced into the mold cavity 28.
  • the piston is down in the direction of arrow 44 Fig. 1 moves.
  • This downward movement of the piston brings it into one Position in which it meets the opening 40 of the riser pipe 24 into the mold cavity 28 or closes in the mold cavity extension 80 with the first section 36.
  • This position is shown in Fig. 2.
  • closing the riser pipe 24 by means of section 36 it is of great importance that the in the mold cavity 28 already existing melt 26 in no way by the movement of the piston 36 is moved. This is achieved by closing it of the riser pipe 24, the mold cavity with the riser pipe 24 and the Pressure chamber 20 of the melting furnace 10 remains connected, so that the movement the piston can not build up pressure in the mold cavity 28, since this in Escapes in the direction of the melting furnace 10.
  • the post-compression results in a shorter cycle time because the metal is on Walls of the mold 30 is pressed. This leads to faster heat transfer. In contrast to conventional post-compression, this results in low turbulence Mold filling, since post-compaction only takes place after the mold has been completely filled starts.
  • This technology offers great potential for the production of composite components, which is characterized, for example, by infiltration of a preform metallic or ceramic material.
  • An area of application is, for example, the production of pistons for internal combustion engines or Brake discs for railway trains.
  • a particularly advantageous extension of the Casting process results from a combination of low pressure casting, counter pressure casting and vacuum casting.
  • the invention can be applied to both metallic Permanent forms as well as lost sand molds or other casting molds are used become.
  • An essential element of the invention is that initially the mouth 40 of the riser 24 is completed. The next one Post-compression can thus be carried out without damaging the riser pipe 24 corresponding further movement of the single piston. Possibly the process is supported by a vacuum pulling means of the vacuum pump 32.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the pressure supported and/or vacuum supported casting of workpieces comprising a first pressure generating device (22), arranged in a smelting furnace (10) in which smelts are located (26) that generates a predefined pressure therein. An ascending pipe (24) dips into the smelt (26) and has a mould cavity (28) which is connected to a casting mould (30). Closing means are provided in order to close the ascending pipe (24) in a pressure tight manner at the downstream side of the mould cavity (28). A second pressure generating device is provided which adjusts the pressure of said ascending pipe (28) to a predetermining final compression pressure. The closing means (36) and the second pressure generating device (38) have the shape of a piston which is arranged in an axially aligned manner relative to the end on the mould cavity side of the ascending pipe (24) in a mould cavity extension (80) whose inner diameter is larger than that of the ascending pipe (24).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum druck- und/oder vakuumgestützten Gießen von Werkstücken gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for pressure and / or vacuum-based Casting workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.

Beim Herstellen von Werkstücken mittels Gießverfahren liegt ein besonderes Ziel darin, an vorbestimmten Stellen des gegossenen Werkstückes vorbestimmte Werkstoffeigenschaften zu erzielen. Hierzu werden beispielsweise mittels Gießen Verbundmaterialien hergestellt, wobei beispielsweise in einem äußeren Bereich eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit des Werkstoffes erzielt wird, während ein innerer Trägerkörper im wesentlichen duktil ausgebildet ist. Die Qualität gegossener Werkstücke ist in hohem Maße von der Art des Einfüllvorganges der Schmelze in die Gießform und dem darauf folgenden Erstarrungsvorgang abhängig.A particular goal lies in the production of workpieces using the casting process therein, predetermined at predetermined locations on the cast workpiece To achieve material properties. For this purpose, for example, by means of casting Composite materials produced, for example in an outer area high wear resistance of the material is achieved while an inner Carrier body is essentially ductile. The quality of cast Workpieces are largely dependent on the type of melt filling process the mold and the subsequent solidification process.

Für eine exakt gesteuerte Befüllung einer Gießform mit einer Schmelze ist es beispielsweise aus EP 0 624 413 A1 bekannt, die Schmelze in einem druckdicht abgeschlossenen Schmelzofen anzuordnen, wobei der innere Raum des Schmelzofens mittels einer Druckerzeugungsvorrichtung unter Druck setzbar ist. Aus dem Schmelzofen ragt ein Keramiksteigrohr, welches in die Schmelze im Ofen eintaucht und mit einem Formhohlraum der Gießform verbunden ist. Auf diese Weise wird durch das Unterdrucksetzen des Schmelzofens Schmelze durch das Steigrohr in den Formhohlraum der Gießform gedrückt. Durch entsprechende Steuerung des Druckes im Schmelzofen kann auf vorbestimmte Art und Weise der Formhohlraum der Giessform mit Schmelze gefüllt werden.For example, for a precisely controlled filling of a casting mold with a melt from EP 0 624 413 A1, the melt is sealed in a pressure-tight manner To arrange the melting furnace, the inner space of the melting furnace can be pressurized by means of a pressure generating device. From the A ceramic riser pipe protrudes, which dips into the melt in the furnace and is connected to a mold cavity of the mold. In this way is made by pressurizing the melting furnace through the riser pipe pressed into the mold cavity of the mold. By appropriate control the pressure in the melting furnace can in a predetermined manner the mold cavity the mold are filled with melt.

Nach dem Befüllen des Formhohlraums der Giessform mit Schmelze ist es wünschenswert, zum Herstellen eines besonders homogenen und dichten Gefüges einen Nachdruck zu einem Zeitpunkt zu erzeugen, zu dem die Schmelze nur zum Teil durch Abkühlung auskristallisiert bzw. erstarrt ist. Hierzu ist es beispielsweise aus der DE-AS 1292795 bekannt, bei einer Niederdruckgiessvorrichtung nach dem Befüllen des Formhohlraumes mit Schmelze einen erhöhten Druck im Schmelzofen zu erzeugen. Dies hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass durch die vielen, dem Steigrohr vorgelagerten Komponenten, wie Schmelzofen, Schmelztiegel und Druckerzeugungsvorrichtung, ein exaktes Halten eines vorbestimmten Druckes über eine längere Zeit schwierig ist. Es kommt systembedingt zu unerwünschten Druckschwankungen. Femer ist das in die Schmelze eintauchende Steigrohr aus Keramik gefertigt und somit nicht geeignet, einem höheren Nachverdichtungsdruck standzuhalten. Daher ist ein entsprechender Nachverdichtungsdruck auf relativ niedrige Drücke begrenzt, um eine Zerstörung des Keramiksteigrohres zu verhindern.After filling the mold cavity of the mold with melt, it is desirable to to produce a particularly homogeneous and dense structure Reprint at a time when the melt is only partially through Cooling crystallized or solidified. For this it is for example from DE-AS 1292795 known, in a low-pressure casting device after filling the Mold cavity with melt to generate an increased pressure in the melting furnace. However, this has the disadvantage that due to the large number of upstream pipes Components such as a melting furnace, a crucible and a pressure generating device it is difficult to exactly maintain a predetermined pressure for a long time. It due to the system there are undesirable pressure fluctuations. It is also in the Melt-immersing riser pipe made of ceramic and therefore not suitable for one withstand higher post-compression pressure. Therefore is a corresponding one Post-compression pressure is limited to relatively low pressures to destroy the Prevent ceramic riser.

Aus der EP-A 937 525 ist eine Vorrichtung für das Niederdruckgiessen von Leichtmetallen insbesondere Aluminium bekannt, die ein druckbeaufschlagtes Schmelzegefäss enthält, in welches ein Steigrohr mit einem Verschluss nahe seiner äusseren Mündung eintaucht. Der Verschluss der Mündung des Steigrohres ist unmittelbar verschliessend bewegbar. Am Ende eines jeden Giesstaktes wird die vom Steigrohr in den Einguss reichende Schmelzesäule nahe der Mündung des Steigrohres unter gleichzeitigem Verschluss desselben abgeschert, wobei das beim Abscheren der Schmelzesäule nach oben verdrängte Schmelzevolumen in den Einguss der Giessform verdrängt wird und zumindest ein die Schmelzesäule gegen den Verschluss haltender Überdruck aufrecht erhalten wird.EP-A 937 525 describes a device for low-pressure casting of light metals especially known aluminum, which is a pressurized melting vessel contains a riser pipe with a closure near its outer mouth dips. The closure of the mouth of the riser pipe closes immediately movable. At the end of each pouring cycle, the riser pipe is poured into the sprue reaching melt column near the mouth of the riser pipe at the same time Closure of the same sheared off, this when the melt column is sheared off displaced upward melt volume in the casting mold is displaced and at least one overpressure holding the melt column against the closure is obtained.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte Vorrichtung der o.g. Art zu schaffen, mit der eine Nachverdichtung mit hohem Nachverdichtungsdruck möglich ist und gleichzeitig der hohe Nachverdichtungsdruck über einen längeren Zeitraum mit hoher Genauigkeit konstant gehalten werden kann. The invention is therefore based on the object of an improved device of the above. To create a way with which a densification with high densification pressure is possible and at the same time the high compression pressure over a longer period of time can be kept constant with high accuracy.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch eine Vorrichtung der o.g. Art mit den in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a device of the abovementioned. Kind of with the in Characteristics characterized claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the Invention are described in the dependent claims.

Bei der erfindungsgemädssen Vorrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass das Verschlussmittel und die zweite Druckerzeugungsvorrichtung einstückig als ein Kolben ausgebildet sind, welcher oberhalb des Steigrohrs angeordnet ist, wobei der Kolben an einem steigrohrseitigen Ende über einen ersten vorbestimmten axialen Bereich einen ersten Durchmesser aufweist, welcher einem Innendurchmesser des Steigrohres derart entspricht, dass der Kolben bei Einschieben in das Steigrohr mit dem ersten vorbestimmten axialen Bereich das Steigrohr druckdicht gegen den Formhohlraum verschließt, und in einem benachbarten zweiten vorbestimmten axialen Bereich einen Durchmesser aufweist, welcher dem Innendurchmesser der Formhohlraumerweiterung entspricht.In the device according to the invention it is provided that the closure means and the second pressure generating device is integrally formed as a piston are, which is arranged above the riser pipe, the piston on one riser-side end over a first predetermined axial range a first Has diameter which has an inner diameter of the riser pipe corresponds to the fact that the piston at Slide into the riser with the first one predetermined axial area, the riser pipe pressure-tight against the mold cavity closes, and in an adjacent second predetermined axial region has a diameter which is the inner diameter of the mold cavity extension equivalent.

Dies hat den Vorteil, daß mit einer einzigen Bewegung eines einzigen Kolbens das Steigrohr verschlossen und gleichzeitig eine Nachverdichtung mit erhöhtem Druck im Formhohlraum durchführbar ist. Durch das Abschließen des Steigrohres vom Formhohlraum ist ein Schutz für das empfindliche Steigrohr vor entsprechenden Nachverdichtungsdrücken im Formhohlraum geschaffen, wodurch höhere Nachverdichtungsdrücke realisierbar sind. Femer sind durch die Abkopplung des Steigrohres negative Einflüsse auf die Nachverdichtung durch Druckschwankungen in der ersten Druckerzeugungsvorrichtung und/oder im Schmelzofen wirksam vermieden, wodurch sich bei der Nachverdichtung ein homogeneres Werkstoffgefüge einstellt. Ferner sind Druckschwankungen im Formhohlraum während der Nachverdichtung aufgrund von temperaturbedingten Verformungen des Steigrohres oder bezüglich des Steigrohres stromaufseitigen Komponenten verhindert.This has the advantage that with a single movement of a single piston The riser pipe is closed and at the same time a recompression with increased pressure is feasible in the mold cavity. By closing the riser from Mold cavity is a protection for the sensitive riser pipe from corresponding Post-compression pressures created in the mold cavity, resulting in higher post-compression pressures are realizable. Furthermore, by uncoupling the riser pipe negative influences on post-compression due to pressure fluctuations in the first pressure generating device and / or effectively avoided in the melting furnace, which results in a more homogeneous material structure during post-compression established. There are also pressure fluctuations in the mold cavity during post-compression due to temperature-related deformation of the riser pipe or prevents upstream components with respect to the riser.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist die erste Druckerzeugungsvorrichtung ein Druckbehälter und/oder ein Kompressor und/oder eine Vakuumpumpe.The first pressure generating device is expediently a pressure vessel and / or a compressor and / or a vacuum pump.

Die Gießform ist beispielsweise eine Dauerform oder eine verlorene Form, insbesondere eine Kokille oder eine Sandgußform.The casting mold is, for example, a permanent mold or a lost mold, in particular a mold or a sand mold.

Die hergestellten Werkstücke sind beispielsweise Kolben, Bremsscheiben, Pleuel, Felgen u.a. oder Bauteile, bei denen Infiltration oder auch Gradientenstruktur sowie lokal verstärkte Bereiche realisiert sind.The workpieces produced are, for example, pistons, brake discs, connecting rods, Rims etc. or components in which infiltration or gradient structure as well locally reinforced areas are realized.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Gießvorrichtung in schematischer Schnittansicht und
Fig. 2
die bevorzugte Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1 in schematischer Schnittansicht im Zustand der Nachverdichtung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a preferred embodiment of the casting device according to the invention in a schematic sectional view and
Fig. 2
the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1 in a schematic sectional view in the state of post-compression.

Die aus Fig. 1 und 2 ersichtliche Gießvorrichtung umfaßt einen Schmelzofen 10 mit Beheizung 12, wie beispielsweise einer Heizwicklung, einer induktiven Heizung oder einer Widerstandsheizung, und mit einem im Schmelzofen 10 angeordneten Schmelztiegel 14. Der Schmelzofen 10 ist mittels eines Deckels 16 und einer entsprechenden Dichtung druckdicht abgeschlossen. Der so ausgebildete Druckraum 20 ist mittels einer ersten Druckerzeugungsvorrichtung 22, wie beispielsweise einem Druckbehälter, mit einem vorbestimmten Druck beaufschlagbar.The casting device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a melting furnace 10 with heating 12, such as a heating winding, an inductive heating or a resistance heater, and with one arranged in the melting furnace 10 Crucible 14. The melting furnace 10 is by means of a lid 16 and one appropriate seal sealed pressure-tight. The trained one Pressure space 20 is by means of a first pressure generating device 22, such as a pressure vessel to which a predetermined pressure can be applied.

Durch den Deckel 16 hindurch erstreckt sich ein Steigrohr 24, beisp. ein Keramiksteigrohr, das in eine in dem Schmelztiegel 14 angeordnete Schmelze 26 eintaucht. An einem dem Schmelzofen 10 abgewandten Ende des Steigrohres 24 mündet dieses in einen Formhohlraum 28, welcher sich bis in eine Gießform 30, beisp. in eine Kokille, erstreckt. In der Gießform 30 bildet der Formhohlraum 28 in der dargestellten Ausführungsform einen Hohlraum zum Herstellen eines Kolbens für eine Brennkraftmaschine aus. Es ist jedoch klar, daß in der Gießform 30 jede beliebige Form ausgebildet sein kann. Es ist ferner eine Vakuumpumpe 32 vorgesehen, welche wahlweise die Gießform 30 abpumpt.A riser pipe 24 extends through the cover 16, for example. a ceramic riser pipe which is immersed in a melt 26 arranged in the crucible 14. At an end of the riser pipe 24 facing away from the melting furnace 10 This opens into a mold cavity 28 which extends into a mold 30, Ex. into a mold. The mold cavity 28 in forms in the mold 30 the embodiment shown a cavity for producing a piston for an internal combustion engine. However, it is clear that in the mold 30 each any shape can be formed. A vacuum pump 32 is also provided, which optionally pumps out the mold 30.

Benachbart bzw. axial fluchten gegenüberliegend zur Einmündung des Steigrohres 24 in dem Formhohlraum 28 ist eine Formhohlraumerweiterung 80 ausgebildet, in welcher ein Kolben angeordnet ist. Dieser Kolben ist in Pfeilrichtung 44 bewegbar und weist einen ersten Abschnitt 36 auf, welcher in seinem Außendurchmesser einem Innendurchmesser des Steigrohres 24 entspricht. In einem weiteren Abschnitt 38 weist der Kolben einen Außendurchmesser auf, welcher dem Innendurchmesser der Formhohlraumerweiterung 80 entspricht und größer als der Innendurchmesser des Steigrohres 24 ist. Der Außendurchmesser des Abschnittes 36 ist dabei derart gewählt, daß bei Einschieben dieses Abschnittes 36 in eine formhohlraumseitige Öffnung bzw. Einmündung des Steigrohres dieses druckdicht gegen den Formhohlraum verschlossen wird. Adjacent or axially aligned opposite to the mouth of the riser 24, a mold cavity extension 80 is formed in the mold cavity 28, in which a piston is arranged. This piston can be moved in the direction of arrow 44 and has a first portion 36 which is in its outer diameter corresponds to an inner diameter of the riser pipe 24. In another Section 38 has the piston an outer diameter which is the inner diameter corresponds to the cavity expansion 80 and larger than the inner diameter of the riser pipe 24. The outside diameter of the section 36 is chosen such that when this section 36 is inserted into a Cavity-side opening or junction of the riser pipe pressure-tight is closed against the mold cavity.

Im Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird zunächst Schmelze 26 über das Steigrohr 24 in den Formhohlraum 28 eingeleitet. Nachdem eine vorbestimmte Zeit verstrichen ist, in der eine Auskristallisation bzw. Erstarrung der Schmelze im Formhohlraum 28 vorzugsweise an den Randbereichen zur Gießform 30 stattgefunden hat, wird der Kolben nach unten in Pfeilrichtung 44 gemäß Fig. 1 bewegt. Durch diese Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbens kommt dieser in eine Position, in der er die Einmündung 40 des Steigrohres 24 in den Formhohlraum 28 bzw. in die Formhohlraumerweiterung 80 mit dem ersten Abschnitt 36 verschließt. Diese Position ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Während des Verschließens des Steigrohres 24 mittels des Abschnittes 36 ist es von großer Bedeutung, daß die im Formhohlraum 28 bereits vorhandene Schmelze 26 in keiner Weise durch die Bewegung des Kolbens 36 bewegt wird. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß bis zum Verschließen des Steigrohres 24 der Formhohlraum mit dem Steigrohr 24 und dem Druckraum 20 des Schmelzofens 10 verbunden bleibt, so daß sich durch die Bewegung des Kolbens kein Druck im Formhohlraum 28 aufbauen kann, da dieser in Richtung Schmelzofen 10 entweicht.In the operation of the device according to the invention, melt 26 is first over the riser pipe 24 is introduced into the mold cavity 28. After a predetermined Time has passed in which crystallization or solidification of the Melt in the mold cavity 28 preferably at the edge areas to the casting mold 30 has taken place, the piston is down in the direction of arrow 44 Fig. 1 moves. This downward movement of the piston brings it into one Position in which it meets the opening 40 of the riser pipe 24 into the mold cavity 28 or closes in the mold cavity extension 80 with the first section 36. This position is shown in Fig. 2. While closing the riser pipe 24 by means of section 36, it is of great importance that the in the mold cavity 28 already existing melt 26 in no way by the movement of the piston 36 is moved. This is achieved by closing it of the riser pipe 24, the mold cavity with the riser pipe 24 and the Pressure chamber 20 of the melting furnace 10 remains connected, so that the movement the piston can not build up pressure in the mold cavity 28, since this in Escapes in the direction of the melting furnace 10.

In der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Situation ist das Steigrohr 24 gegen den Formhohlraum 28 durch den ersten Abschnitt 36 vollständig und druckdicht verschlossen. Nunmehr kann in einem weiteren Schritt der Aufbau eines Nachverdichtungsdrukkes in dem Formhohlraum 28 erfolgen, wobei durch den Verschluß mittels des ersten Abschnittes 36 des Kolbens dieser Nachverdichtungsdruck nicht in das Steigrohr 24 und diesem vorgeschaltete Komponenten zurückwirken kann. Das Steigrohr 24 ist somit vor dem nachfolgend im Formhohlraum 28 erzeugten Nachverdichtungsdruck geschützt. Zum Erzeugen des Nachverdichtungsdruckes wird der Kolben weiter in Pfeilrichtung 44 bewegt, wobei der zweite Abschnitt die Formhohlraumerweiterung 80 und damit den Formhohlraum 28 selbst verkleinert, wodurch sich ein erhöhter Druck in dem Formhohlraum 28 aufbaut. Je weiter der Kolben in Richtung Steigrohr 24 bewegt wird, desto höher ist der in dem Formhohlraum 28 aufgebaute Druck. Durch diese Verschiebung des Kolbens ergibt sich durch die entsprechende Volumenverringerung des Formhohlraums 28 ein hoher Nachverdichtungsdruck. Da der Formhohlraum 28 ansonsten mit keinen beweglichen, druckvariablen oder druckinstabilen Teilen mehr verbunden ist, wie beisp. dem Steigrohr 24 oder dem Ofen 10, ergeben sich keine unerwünschten Schwankungen des Nachverdichtungsdruckes im Formhohlraum 28. Die Position des Kolbens kann sehr genau eingestellt und gehalten werden, so daß sich ein sehr genau vorbestimmbarer und besonders gut über einen längeren Zeitraum konstant haltbarer Nachverdichtungsdruck im Formhohlraum 28 ergibt. In der Folge wird ein besonders homogenes und gleichmäßiges Gefüge in dem so unter dem hohen Nachverdichtungsdruck stehenden Werkstück in der Gießform 30 erzielt.In the situation shown in FIG. 2, the riser pipe 24 is against the mold cavity 28 completely and pressure-tightly closed by the first section 36. In a further step, the construction of a post-compression pressure can now be carried out take place in the mold cavity 28, with the closure by means of the first portion 36 of the piston this post-compression pressure is not in the Riser pipe 24 and upstream components can act back. The Riser pipe 24 is thus upstream of the subsequent compression pressure generated in the mold cavity 28 protected. To generate the post-compression pressure the piston continues to move in the direction of arrow 44, the second section Mold cavity extension 80 and thus the mold cavity 28 itself is reduced, whereby an increased pressure builds up in the mold cavity 28. The further the Piston is moved in the direction of the riser pipe 24, the higher that in the mold cavity 28 pressure built up. This displacement of the piston results due to the corresponding reduction in volume of the mold cavity 28 high compression pressure. Since the mold cavity 28 otherwise with none moving, pressure-variable or pressure-unstable parts is more connected, such as Ex. the riser pipe 24 or the furnace 10, there are no undesirable results Fluctuations in the post-compression pressure in the mold cavity 28. The position the piston can be adjusted and held very precisely, so that a very precisely predeterminable and particularly good over a longer period of time constant compression pressure in the mold cavity 28 results. Subsequently becomes a particularly homogeneous and even structure in the so below achieved the high post-compression pressure workpiece in the mold 30.

Ein besonderes Problem ergibt sich beim Gießen mittels eines Niederdruckofens in eine Sandform, wobei ein im Sand der Sandform befindliches Gas mit der Schmelze reagieren kann. Daher wird, um dem entgegenzuwirken, folgendermaßen vorgegangen:

  • 1. Aussetzen der Schmelze in der Gießform einem Schutzgas,
  • 2. Verfahren des Kolbens in Schließstellung derart, daß der Formhohlraum vom Schmelzofen getrennt ist,
  • 3. Ausbilden eines Vakuums im Formhohlraum und anschließendes Fluten des Formhohlraumes mit Schutzgas,
  • 4. Zurückfahren des Kolbens sowie Einsetzen der Formfüllung und
  • 5. optionales Nachverdichten nach Beendigung der Formfüllung.
    • A particular problem arises when casting into a sand mold by means of a low-pressure furnace, wherein a gas located in the sand of the sand mold can react with the melt. Therefore, to counteract this, the following is done:
  • 1. exposing the melt in the casting mold to a protective gas,
  • 2. moving the piston into the closed position such that the mold cavity is separated from the melting furnace,
  • 3. Forming a vacuum in the mold cavity and then flooding the mold cavity with protective gas,
  • 4. Retracting the piston and inserting the mold filling and
  • 5. Optional post-compaction after filling the mold.

    • Dieses Verfahren ist sowohl bei metallischen Dauerformen mit Sandkemen als auch bei anderen Einlagen sowie bei Sandformen anwendbar. Im Falle der Sandform wird in einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung das Sandpaket durch eine mit Schutzgas geflutete Haube bedeckt.This procedure is applicable to both metallic permanent forms with sand core also applicable to other deposits and sand molds. In the case of the sand form is in an advantageous development, the sand packet with a Protective gas flooded hood covered.

    Durch die Nachverdichtung ergibt sich eine verkürzte Zykluszeit, da das Metall an Wänden der Form 30 gedrückt wird. Dies führt zu einem schnelleren Wärmeübergang. Im Gegensatz zur herkömmlichen Nachverdichtung ergibt sich eine turbulenzarme Formfüllung, da die Nachverdichtung erst nach vollständiger Formfüllung einsetzt.The post-compression results in a shorter cycle time because the metal is on Walls of the mold 30 is pressed. This leads to faster heat transfer. In contrast to conventional post-compression, this results in low turbulence Mold filling, since post-compaction only takes place after the mold has been completely filled starts.

    Diese Technologie bietet u.a. ein großes Potential für die Herstellung von Verbundbauteilen, die durch beispielsweise Infiltration einer Vorform (preform) aus metallischem oder keramischem Material hergestellt werden. Ein Anwendungsgebiet ist beispielsweise die Herstellung von Kolben für Verbrennungsmotoren oder Bremsscheiben für Eisenbahnzüge. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Erweiterung des Gießverfahrens ergibt sich aus einer Kombination von Niederdruckgießen, Gegendruckgießen und Vakuumgießen. Die Erfindung kann sowohl bei metallischen Dauerformen als auch verlorenen Sandformen oder anderen Gießformen eingesetzt werden. Ein wesentliches Element der Erfindung liegt dabei darin, daß zunächst die Einmündung 40 des Steigrohrs 24 abgeschlossen wird. Die darauffolgende Nachverdichtung kann somit ohne Beschädigung des Steigrohres 24 durch entsprechende weitere Bewegung des einzigen Kolbens erfolgen. Gegebenenfalls wird der Prozeßablauf durch ein Vakuumziehen mittel der Vakuumpumpe 32 unterstützt.This technology offers great potential for the production of composite components, which is characterized, for example, by infiltration of a preform metallic or ceramic material. An area of application is, for example, the production of pistons for internal combustion engines or Brake discs for railway trains. A particularly advantageous extension of the Casting process results from a combination of low pressure casting, counter pressure casting and vacuum casting. The invention can be applied to both metallic Permanent forms as well as lost sand molds or other casting molds are used become. An essential element of the invention is that initially the mouth 40 of the riser 24 is completed. The next one Post-compression can thus be carried out without damaging the riser pipe 24 corresponding further movement of the single piston. Possibly the process is supported by a vacuum pulling means of the vacuum pump 32.

    Claims (4)

    1. A device for pressure- and/or vacuum-supported casting of workpieces, in particular for low-pressure casting, counterpressure casting and/or vacuum casting, having a first pressure generating device (22) which is arranged in a smelting furnace (10) in which a melt (26) is arranged, a predetermined pressure is established, whereby an ascending tube (24), in particular a ceramic ascending tube which is immersed in the melt (26) is connected to a mold cavity (28) of a casting mold (30), a sealing means being provided, optionally sealing the ascending tube (24) to be pressure tight downstream from the mold cavity (28), and a second pressure generating device is provided, which establishes a predetermined secondary compression pressure in the mold cavity (28) when the ascending tube (24) is sealed, whereby the sealing means (36) and the second pressure generating device (38) are designed as plungers, which are arranged in axial alignment with the end of the ascending tube (24) on the mold cavity end in a mold cavity enlargement (80) whose inside diameter is larger than an inside diameter of the ascending tube (24),
      characterized in that
      the sealing means (36) and the second pressure generating device (38) are designed in one piece as a plunger which is arranged above the ascending tube (24), whereby the plunger has a first diameter on an end near the ascending tube over a first predetermined axial region, this diameter corresponding to an inside diameter of the ascending tube (24), such that the plunger seals the ascending tube (24) pressure-tight against the mold cavity (28) on insertion into the ascending tube (24) with the first predetermined axial region (36), and in a second predetermined axial region (38) adjacent to the former it has a diameter which corresponds to the inside diameter of the mold cavity enlargement (80).
    2. The device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first pressure generating device (22) is a pressure container and/or a compressor and/or a vacuum pump.
    3. The device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the casting mold (30) is a permanent mold or a lost-casting mold.
    4. The device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the lost-casting mold is a chill mold or a sand-casting mold.
    EP00972579A 1999-09-09 2000-09-07 Casting device with final compression Expired - Lifetime EP1222044B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE1999143153 DE19943153C1 (en) 1998-03-19 1999-09-09 Apparatus for vacuum or pressure casting workpieces comprises a closing device and a pressure producing device formed as a one-piece piston arranged above a riser pipe
    DE19943153 1999-09-09
    PCT/DE2000/003116 WO2001017714A1 (en) 1999-09-09 2000-09-07 Casting device with final compression

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1222044A1 EP1222044A1 (en) 2002-07-17
    EP1222044B1 true EP1222044B1 (en) 2003-08-13

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    ID=7921386

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP00972579A Expired - Lifetime EP1222044B1 (en) 1999-09-09 2000-09-07 Casting device with final compression

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    EP (1) EP1222044B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE246975T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE50003308D1 (en)
    DK (1) DK1222044T3 (en)
    WO (1) WO2001017714A1 (en)

    Cited By (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE102004016574A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-27 Georg Fischer Kokillenguss GmbH Die-casting assembly, to cast large batches of identical aluminum automotive components, has a turntable to carry molds in pairs through a casting station with rising pipes connected to the mold filling openings

    Families Citing this family (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    JP6402596B2 (en) * 2014-11-10 2018-10-10 宇部興産機械株式会社 Attachment for casting apparatus, casting apparatus, casting method and molten metal supply amount adjusting method
    CN105499513A (en) * 2015-12-23 2016-04-20 哈尔滨工业大学 Device for manufacturing automobile aluminum alloy wheel hubs through liquid filling, local pressurizing and feeding and method thereof
    WO2022112611A1 (en) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Kurtz Gmbh & Co. Kg Mold, apparatus and method for low pressure casting

    Family Cites Families (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    JPS58125358A (en) * 1982-01-20 1983-07-26 Hitachi Ltd Forging device for molten metal
    DE19807623A1 (en) * 1998-02-21 1999-08-26 Georg Fischer Disa Ag Low pressure casting process for light metals, especially aluminum
    DE19812068C2 (en) * 1998-03-11 2000-09-21 Gut Gieserei Umwelt Technik Gm Pouring device with post-compaction

    Cited By (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE102004016574A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-27 Georg Fischer Kokillenguss GmbH Die-casting assembly, to cast large batches of identical aluminum automotive components, has a turntable to carry molds in pairs through a casting station with rising pipes connected to the mold filling openings

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DK1222044T3 (en) 2003-11-03
    EP1222044A1 (en) 2002-07-17
    DE50003308D1 (en) 2003-09-18
    WO2001017714A1 (en) 2001-03-15
    ATE246975T1 (en) 2003-08-15

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