EP1217458B1 - Method for controlling gloss of a toner image and digital image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Method for controlling gloss of a toner image and digital image forming apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1217458B1
EP1217458B1 EP01127117A EP01127117A EP1217458B1 EP 1217458 B1 EP1217458 B1 EP 1217458B1 EP 01127117 A EP01127117 A EP 01127117A EP 01127117 A EP01127117 A EP 01127117A EP 1217458 B1 EP1217458 B1 EP 1217458B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toner image
radiation
toner
image
carrier substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01127117A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1217458A2 (en
EP1217458A3 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Dr. Bartscher
Frank-Michael Morgenweck
Domingo Rohde
Muhammed Aslam
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1217458A2 publication Critical patent/EP1217458A2/en
Publication of EP1217458A3 publication Critical patent/EP1217458A3/en
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Publication of EP1217458B1 publication Critical patent/EP1217458B1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2007Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using radiant heat, e.g. infrared lamps, microwave heaters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2039Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat with means for controlling the fixing temperature
    • G03G15/205Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat with means for controlling the fixing temperature specially for the mode of operation, e.g. standby, warming-up, error
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2064Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat combined with pressure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00789Adding properties or qualities to the copy medium
    • G03G2215/00805Gloss adding or lowering device
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00789Adding properties or qualities to the copy medium
    • G03G2215/00805Gloss adding or lowering device
    • G03G2215/0081Gloss level being selectable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the gloss of a toner image transferred and fixed on an image carrier substrate, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a well-known digital image recording method is electrostatic printing in which a latent electrostatic image is developed by charged toner particles. These are transferred to an image-receiving substrate, hereinafter referred to as substrate. Subsequently, the developed and transferred to the substrate image is fixed by the toner particles are melted by supplying heat.
  • Dry toners are frequently used whose particles have an average diameter of 10 ⁇ m.
  • hot rollers are often used, which are brought into contact with the toner image in contact.
  • a release agent such as silicone oil is required to avoid sticking of the toner image to the roll.
  • at least three layers of toner are stacked on top of the image carrier substrate, with each of the polymer material toner layers having a thickness of 30 microns.
  • the glossiness of these toner layers which is very important for image quality, is determined by many factors, such as the hot roller surface texture, fusing temperature and toner properties.
  • a heated belt is used to melt the toner image.
  • a heated belt is used to melt the toner image.
  • a high gloss can be achieved. Since the tape is heated only for a certain length, the toner image, after passing through the heating area, may cool and harden before being separated from the previously hot surface of the tape. This allows a simple and reliable separation of the toner image from the tape.
  • the structure of the toner image surface is identical to the surface of the belt by reflow. In order to realize a very smooth toner surface, which is accompanied by a high gloss, therefore, a very smooth band must be used.
  • a high gloss of the toner image is not necessary for all applications.
  • an image carrier substrate formed by a matte paper only a low gloss of the toner image is required.
  • One way to change the gloss is to use only slightly heated rollers with a defined surface roughness. The rollers touch the surface of the toner image and shape its surface structure into the toner image. In this method, the roughness of the toner image and thus its To change the gloss, therefore, roles with different roughness must be used.
  • Another disadvantage of the hot rollers is that they are subject to wear and must be replaced after a certain time, which is associated with costs.
  • the mechanical contact between the toner image or the image carrier substrate and the rollers also leads to the fact that the toner image often adheres to the outer circumferential surface of the rollers. In most cases, therefore, a cleaning system for the rollers is required.
  • a method of the type mentioned is from the JP 5150674 known.
  • a transparent tape for toner in connection with an irradiation device is known from the GB 1207139 known.
  • the US 4444487 discloses xenon lamps as radiation sources with which temporally spaced-apart radiation pulses can be emitted, wherein the JP 10123863 In addition, the application of a defined roller force stimulates.
  • the invention provides that the toner image is melted in a first processing step so far that sets a relatively high gloss, and that in a subsequent, second processing step, the toner image with so much heat energy is applied that at least parts of the toner material, in particular the surface layer of the toner image, overheated and thereby selectively damaged.
  • the melting of the toner image fixed on the image carrier substrate on its surface causes the liquid toner to begin to flow, so that when it has completely dissolved, it has a very smooth surface and thus a high gloss.
  • the degree of melting that is, the extent to which the toner image is melted on its surface, and the duration of the melting, ie how long the toner layer is kept in the liquid state so that it can deliquesce, enables precise influencing of the toner image gloss.
  • the already fixed toner image need not be completely remelted to affect its gloss, but only the top layer, so that the energy required for this is only small. It can be adjusted practically any gloss level, ie from matte to glossy, without the need for each exchange of parts of the fixing is required.
  • the toner image is melted in a first processing step so far that sets a relatively high gloss, and that in a subsequent, second processing step, the toner image is subjected to so much heat energy that at least parts of the toner material, in particular the surface layer of the toner image, overheated and thus selectively damaged.
  • the toner material is evaporated or oxidation takes place, resulting in both cases in a rougher surface and thus reduced gloss.
  • the degree of damage of the toner image surface can be selectively influenced by various measures.
  • a first possibility is to heat a very thin, near-surface toner layer of the toner image, which creates tensions in this toner layer which lead to wrinkles or waves of the toner image surface.
  • the surface is uneven or rough, resulting in a reduction of the gloss.
  • Another possibility is to heat the entire toner image, while the image carrier substrate, which consists for example of paper, remains cold and is optionally cooled for this purpose. Due to the excessive heating of the toner material, bubbles form in the toner image which, in turn, increase the surface roughness of the toner image.
  • the color saturation level can be reduced, whereby the influence on the color saturation level can be minimized by targeted process control.
  • the fixing means for fixing the toner image on the image carrier substrate for the first time has a heater having at least one hot roller, this hot roller can be used for first fixing almost all toner images regardless of the glossiness of the respective toner image when finished is. If the gloss of the toner image fixed by means of the hot rollers on the image carrier substrate is to be changed, then in a second step the surface of the toner image is aftertreated in the desired manner, ie melted and subsequently cooled again, so that the degree of melting is dependent and the duration of how long the toner layer is maintained in the liquid phase, the toner image then has a higher or decreased gloss compared to the initial state.
  • the reheating of the already fixed toner image is preferably carried out by means of a contactless heating / reflow process.
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention also arise when the actual fixing of the toner image on the image carrier substrate takes place by means of a radiation device instead of hot rollers or the like, ie without contact, since the radiation device only acts on the toner image with electromagnetic radiation and not in mechanical contact is made with the toner image.
  • the setting of the gloss of the already fixed on the image carrier substrate toner image by means of a preferably non-contact heating method.
  • the "degree” of re-melting of the surface of the already fixed from the image carrier substrate toner image can be up to 100%.
  • the toner image surface is completely melted and can deliquesce, resulting in a very smooth surface and thus a very high gloss.
  • the degree of fusion may also be less than 100%, that is, the surface of a toner layer is only partially melted so that parts of this toner layer still in solid form are in the "melt".
  • the toner image is subjected to two successive electromagnetic radiation pulses, wherein the duration of the first radiation pulse may be greater than the time duration of the second radiation pulse.
  • a "radiation pulse” is understood to mean a flash of light which acts only briefly on the toner image.
  • the radiation of the flash of light lies in a specific, preferably adjustable wavelength range, in particular in the UV range.
  • the first radiation pulse may for example be very short and have a very high energy intensity, so that the surface of the toner image is melted while passing through the second, preferably very short-lasting radiation pulse, a reduction of the gloss of the toner image surface is achieved.
  • the intensity of the two radiation pulses can therefore be varied to influence the gloss.
  • a high intensity of at least the first radiation pulse can therefore initially lead to a high gloss, wherein this gloss is selectively changed by the second radiation pulse.
  • the toner image is fixed by means of a heater mechanically contacting the toner image and that in a subsequent processing step, the fixed toner image with electromagnetic radiation or multiple radiation pulses is applied.
  • the toner image has areas of different gloss.
  • the toner image has areas of different gloss.
  • the gloss is reduced more than in the areas of lower toner density. The reason for this is that a higher density toner layer better absorbs the electromagnetic radiation. Due to the different, toner-density-dependent gloss reduction, a uniform gloss can be set over the entire toner image.
  • the toner image fixed on the image carrier substrate it is subjected to pulsed or continuous electromagnetic radiation in the UV range.
  • the radiation of color toners is absorbed substantially uniformly, while, for example, the paper-based image carrier substrate absorbs only very little radiation in the UV range. Due to the limited wavelength range of the radiation can thus be ensured that the paper is not damaged by this radiation, which may have a high intensity.
  • Radiation sources are often used which emit not only radiation in the UV range, but also in the visible range, in which the different colors (cyan, magenta, black, yellow or mixed color) having color toner absorb the radiation differently well.
  • the visible wavelength range paper absorbs the radiation very well, so that at high radiation intensity, damage to the paper can not be ruled out.
  • the electromagnetic radiation is filtered such that the toner image is only exposed to radiation in the UV range.
  • An embodiment of the method is also preferred, which is characterized in that the toner image is subjected to a plurality of successive electromagnetic radiation pulses, the duration and / or intensity of the radiation pulses being of different lengths or high.
  • each of the radiation pulses has sufficient energy to heat the toner image or the near-surface region of the toner image to the extent that it melts and the toner can melt.
  • the energy of each of the radiation pulses is not sufficient to melt the toner and that the toner image is only melted when it was subjected to a plurality of radiation pulses.
  • Each one of the radiation pulses can therefore only enter a part of the total amount of energy required to melt the toner.
  • the energy of each radiation pulse is the same.
  • the first radiation pulse has the greatest energy and that the energy of each further radiation pulse is less than that of the respective preceding radiation pulse.
  • At least two successive radiation pulses are applied in succession to the toner image. There is thus a pause between the radiation pulses, so that the heat introduced into the toner image by means of the first radiation pulse can dissipate before the second radiation pulse is applied to the toner image.
  • three radiation pulses with an energy of 0.5 J / cm 2 with a duration of 0.5 ms and a pause between two successive radiation pulses of 5 ms are applied to the toner image.
  • the first radiation pulse heats the toner image in the near-surface region of the toner image to a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m, resulting in limited smoothing of the toner image surface.
  • the at least partially liquefied toner layer becomes solid, and about 5 ms after the first radiation pulse, most of the heat in the toner image has dissipated.
  • the second radiation pulse is applied to the toner image having sufficient energy to remelt the uppermost toner layer, and then the third radiation pulse, which eventually melts the toner layer once more. Additional radiation pulses may be applied to the toner image, if necessary. It is important that to achieve a high gloss, the top toner layer a sufficient time on a heated sufficiently high temperature, so that this toner layer smoothes to the desired extent and thus sets a high gloss.
  • the energy of each one of the radiation pulses is only so great that damage to the toner image due to overheating of the toner, resulting in thickening or oxidation of the toner material, is avoided.
  • At least one, preferably a plurality of short and low-energy radiation pulses are applied to the toner image.
  • short is meant a duration of less than 0.5 ms and by "low energy” an energy of less than 0.5 J / cm 2 , wherein preferably there is a break between two consecutive radiation pulses.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the method is characterized in that the toner image is melted to such an extent in a first processing step that a relatively high gloss is established, and that in a subsequent, second processing step, the toner image is subjected to so much heat energy in that at least parts of the toner material, in particular the surface layer of the toner image, are overheated and thereby deliberately damaged.
  • the toner material is evaporated or oxidation takes place, resulting in both cases in a rougher surface and thus reduced gloss.
  • the degree of damage to the Tohervonober Assembly can be influenced by various measures targeted.
  • a first possibility is to heat a very thin, near-surface toner layer of the toner image, which creates tensions in this toner layer which lead to wrinkles or waves of the toner image surface. As a result, the surface is uneven or rough, resulting in a reduction of the gloss.
  • Another possibility is to heat the entire toner image, while the image carrier substrate, which consists for example of paper, remains cold and is optionally cooled for this purpose. Due to the excessive heating of the toner material, bubbles form in the toner image, which in turn causes the surface roughness of the toner image rise.
  • the color saturation level can be reduced, whereby the influence on the color saturation level can be minimized by targeted process control.
  • an image recording apparatus with the features of claim 15 is also proposed.
  • This comprises a fixing device for fixing a toner image on an image carrier substrate, wherein the fixing device has at least one roller over which the image carrier substrate is guided.
  • the image recording device is characterized in that the roller is formed drum-shaped and at least whose sheath consists of a transparent material and that inside the roller, a radiation means for applying the electromagnetic radiation to the toner image for the purpose of fixing the toner image on the substrate is arranged.
  • the arranged inside the roller radiation means thus provides the energy required to melt the upper toner layer or the entire toner image optional, while the image carrier substrate with the toner image thereon rests against the outer surface of the roll.
  • the device is characterized by a compact and space-saving design.
  • the device according to the invention can be used reliably even at high process speeds.
  • the device according to the invention can be used both for fixing the toner image on the image carrier substrate for the first time and for adjusting the gloss of a toner image which has already been fixed on the image carrier substrate in a preceding step.
  • the radiation device emits electromagnetic radiation and / or radiation pulses whose wavelength range is chosen such that they penetrate, at least for the most part, the jacket of the roller.
  • the pulsed or continuous radiation is therefore not absorbed by the roller shell material, so that the roller is at least largely not heated.
  • the radiation merely heats the toner image applied to the outer surface of the roll.
  • the toner image is subjected to at least one radiation pulse which is shorter than the contact time between the roller and the toner image.
  • the energy of the radiation pulse preferably heats only the uppermost toner layer of the toner image, which thereby at least partially melts, so that the structure of the outer roll shell is impressed.
  • the roll, the unfused portion of the toner image, and the image carrier substrate then cool the heated top toner layer below its glass transition temperature T g in a very short time. This time is shorter than the contact time between the toner image and the roll.
  • the previously liquefied toner layer is therefore in a solid state form before the toner image is lifted together with the substrate from the outer shell of the roll.
  • the roller or the shell of the roller made of a material having a high thermal conductivity. This has the advantage that the toner can be cooled very quickly so that a good separation of the toner image from the roll can be achieved and sticking of the toner image to the roll, preferably without the aid of a release agent, can be prevented.
  • the fixing roller is made of quartz glass.
  • image carrier substrate means all objects and materials on which a liquid or dry toner, preferably smudge-proof, can be fixed.
  • the image carrier substrate may be, for example, a paper sheet or a paper web.
  • the image recording apparatus described below is generally applicable. It may be, for example, as an electrographic or electrophotographic Be configured process printing or copying machine. Image recording devices of the type discussed here are basically known, so that their structure and function will not be discussed in detail here.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of an embodiment of the image recording device 1, namely a fixing device 3, which comprises a roller 7 which can be driven for rotation about an axis 5.
  • a fixing device which comprises a roller 7 which can be driven for rotation about an axis 5.
  • an arcuate image carrier substrate 9 is guided on the outside of the shell 11 of the roller 7 here.
  • the image carrier substrate 9 is located with its not shown toner image having flat side 13 on the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 at.
  • the image carrier substrate 13 is guided by a transfer area in a transfer region, past a radiation device 17 for influencing or controlling the gloss of the toner image on the image carrier substrate 9.
  • the jacket 11 of the roller 7 is made of a transparent, that is translucent material, which preferably has a high thermal conductivity. Alternatively, the jacket 11 may be made of quartz glass.
  • the roller 7 may be closed at its front ends by means not shown lid.
  • the radiation device 17 is arranged fixedly in the interior 19 of the roller 7, that is, while the radiation device 17 is in a constant position, the jacket 11 of the roller 7 moves relative to the radiation device 17.
  • the radiation device 17 has a light source 21, which is formed for example by a xenon flash lamp, xenon-mercury flash lamp, a laser or the like.
  • the light source 21 is arranged here purely by way of example in a deflector 23 which has an opening towards a fixing region.
  • the image carrier substrate 9 resting on the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 is acted upon by electromagnetic radiation 25 which at least for the most part penetrates the light-transmissive jacket 11 and which is located on the flat side 13 of the image carrier substrate 9 the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 adjacent toner image heated. Due to the existing of a translucent material shell 11 is-if any- only a small part of the electromagnetic radiation from the roller 7 is absorbed.
  • the radiation device 17 is designed such that the electromagnetic radiation 25 is clocked, which is referred to below as a radiation pulse, or continuously applied to the image carrier substrate 9.
  • the light source 21 is preferably designed such that it only emits radiation in the UV range. If the light source 21 also emits, for example, in the visible infrared range in addition to radiation in the UV range, then a radiation filter can be used which is arranged in the radiation path between the light source and the toner image, which filters the radiation emitted by the light source, so that only Radiation in the UV range impinges on the toner image.
  • the fixing device 3 further comprises a pressure roller 27, which is rotatable about an axis 29. At least the outer circumferential surface 31 of the pressure roller 27 consists of a flexible, in particular soft and deformable material.
  • the pressure roller 27 is - as indicated by a double arrow 33 - in the direction of the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 and in the opposite direction by means of an adjusting device, not shown displaced.
  • the pressure roller 27 can be pressed with an adjustable force on the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7. By pressing the outer circumferential surface 31 of the pressure roller 27 is quasi flattened due to their flexibility and lies down over a certain peripheral region of the roller 7 on the outer circumferential surface 15 at.
  • a nip is formed, which is for example 5 mm long and through which the image carrier substrate 9 is guided.
  • the task of the pressure roller 27 is to press the toner image at least partially melted with the aid of the radiation device 17 on the flat side 13 of the image carrier substrate 9 against the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7.
  • the toner image is already fixed on the image carrier substrate 9 in a preceding process step, before it is guided past the radiation device 17.
  • the inventive method readily. This provides that after the toner image has been fixed by heating on the image carrier substrate 9, the toner image at least once more heat is supplied so that the toner image is melted at its surface or in its near-surface region either completely or at least partially. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, this takes place with the aid of the radiation device 17, while the image carrier substrate 9 bears against its outer lateral surfaces 15 or with a defined force by the pressure roller 27 is pressed thereto.
  • the degree and / or the duration of the melting is set according to the invention as a function of the desired toner image gloss.
  • the structure of the outer circumferential surface 15 is virtually impressed into the at least partially liquefied toner image. Since the gloss of the toner image is largely determined by the roughness of the toner image on its surface, the toner image gloss is thus determined by the structure or surface roughness of the Au- touchmantel measurements 15 of the roller 7. If the toner image is to obtain a high gloss, the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 must be correspondingly smooth, while in a less shiny, such as matte toner image, the outer circumferential surface 15 has a corresponding roughness.
  • the toner image After the uppermost toner layer of the toner image has been melted by means of the radiation device 17, the toner image cools in a very short time so that it completely in a solid state and before the image carrier substrate 9 lifted from the roller 7 and to a subsequent part the device 1 is transferred.
  • the liquefied, near-surface layer of the toner image is thereby cooled by the underlying, solid toner layer, the image carrier substrate 9 and by the roller 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the image recording device 1, namely a radiation device 17, as described with reference to FIG.
  • the radiation device 17 has a constant, fixed position within the image recording device 1.
  • the image carrier substrate 9 is guided past the radiation device 17 by means of a transport device, not shown.
  • An imaginary transport plane E, in which the image carrier substrate 9 is located, is indicated by a dashed line.
  • the radiation device 17 is designed and aligned with respect to the transport plane E such that the electromagnetic radiation 25 or the radiation pulses (light flashes) impinge on the surface 35 of an already fixed toner image 37 applied on the flat side 13 of the image carrier substrate 9 at an angle ⁇ is less than 90 °.
  • the fixing device 3 described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 readily due to their design and operation either optional for first fixing a transferred to an image carrier substrate toner image and for influencing or controlling the gloss of a already fixed in a previous process step on an image carrier substrate toner image can be used.
  • the fixing device 3 can therefore be used for the first-time melting of the toner image as well as alternatively for the targeted influencing of the uppermost toner layer of the already fixed toner image for the purpose of selectively influencing the toner image gloss.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Color Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

Method for controlling the glare on an image carrier substrate (9) such as paper in which after the toner image has been fixed on the substrate by heating, the toner image is again heated so that its surface or the region near to its surface is either completely, or nearly completely melted. The length and duration of the melting is dependent on the desired glare to be produced by the toner image. An Independent claim is made for a digital imaging device especially an electrographic or an electrophotographic printer or copier with a radiation device such as a xenon or mercury-xenon discharge lamp for providing electromagnetic heating of the toner image.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung des Glanzes eines auf ein Bildträgersubstrat übertragenen und fixierten Tonerbildes, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for controlling the gloss of a toner image transferred and fixed on an image carrier substrate, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein bekanntes digitales Bildaufzeichnungsverfahren ist das elektrostatische Drucken, bei dem ein latentes elektrostatisches Bild durch aufgeladene Tonerpartikel entwickelt wird. Diese werden auf ein Bildempfängersubstrat, im Folgenden kurz Substrat, übertragen. Nachfolgend wird das entwickelte und auf das Substrat übertragene Bild fixiert, indem die Tonerpartikel durch Wärmezuführung aufgeschmolzen werden.A well-known digital image recording method is electrostatic printing in which a latent electrostatic image is developed by charged toner particles. These are transferred to an image-receiving substrate, hereinafter referred to as substrate. Subsequently, the developed and transferred to the substrate image is fixed by the toner particles are melted by supplying heat.

Es werden häufig Trockentoner eingesetzt, deren Partikel einen mittleren Durchmesser von 10 µm aufweisen. Zum Aufschmelzen der Tonerpartikel auf dem Bildträgersubstrat werden häufig heiße Rollen eingesetzt, die mit dem Tonerbild in Berührungskontakt gebracht werden. Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass ein Trennmittel, beispielsweise Silikonöl erforderlich ist, um ein Anhaften des Tonerbildes an der Rolle zu vermeiden. Für ein Vierfarbenbild werden mindesten drei Tonerschichten übereinander auf das Bildträgersubstrat aufgebracht, wobei jede der aus einem Polymermaterial bestehenden Tonerschichten eine Dicke von 30 µm aufweisen kann. Der Glanz dieser Tonerschichten, der sehr wichtig ist für die Bildqualität, wird durch viele Faktoren bestimmt, beispielsweise durch die Oberflächenstruktur der heißen Rollen, die Fixiertemperatur und die Tonereigenschaften.Dry toners are frequently used whose particles have an average diameter of 10 μm. For melting the toner particles on the image carrier substrate hot rollers are often used, which are brought into contact with the toner image in contact. The disadvantage here is that a release agent, such as silicone oil is required to avoid sticking of the toner image to the roll. For a four-color image, at least three layers of toner are stacked on top of the image carrier substrate, with each of the polymer material toner layers having a thickness of 30 microns. The glossiness of these toner layers, which is very important for image quality, is determined by many factors, such as the hot roller surface texture, fusing temperature and toner properties.

Bei einem anderen bekannten Verfahren werden anstelle der heißen Rollen ein beheiztes Band eingesetzt, um das Tonerbild zu schmelzen. Mit diesen Verfahren ist ein hoher Glanz erzielbar. Da das Band nur über eine gewisse Länge beheizt wird, kann sich das Tonerbild - nachdem es den Heizbereich passiert hat- abkühlen und hart werden, bevor es von der zuvor heißen Oberfläche des Bandes getrennt wird. Dies ermöglicht ein einfaches und zuverlässiges Trennen des Tonerbildes vom Band. Die Struktur der Tonerbildoberfläche ist durch das Aufschmelzen identisch mit der Oberfläche des Bandes. Um eine sehr glatte Toneroberfläche realisieren zu können, mit der ein hoher Glanz einhergeht, muss daher ein sehr glattes Band verwendet werden.In another known method, instead of the hot rollers, a heated belt is used to melt the toner image. With these methods, a high gloss can be achieved. Since the tape is heated only for a certain length, the toner image, after passing through the heating area, may cool and harden before being separated from the previously hot surface of the tape. This allows a simple and reliable separation of the toner image from the tape. The structure of the toner image surface is identical to the surface of the belt by reflow. In order to realize a very smooth toner surface, which is accompanied by a high gloss, therefore, a very smooth band must be used.

Ein hoher Glanz des Tonerbildes ist nicht für alle Anwendungen notwendig. Zum Beispiel ist bei einem von einem matten Papier gebildeten Bildträgersubstrat nur ein geringer Glanz des Tonerbildes erforderlich. Eine Möglichkeit, um den Glanz zu verändern, besteht darin, nur wenig beheizte Rollen mit einer definierten Oberflächenrauigkeit einzusetzen. Die Rollen berühren die Oberfläche des Tonerbildes und prägen ihre Oberflächenstruktur in das Tonerbild ein. Um bei diesem Verfahren die Rauigkeit des Tonerbildes und somit dessen Glanz zu verändern, müssen also Rollen mit unterschiedlicher Rauigkeit verwendet werden. Ein weiterer Nachteil der heißen Rollen besteht darin, dass sie einem Verschleiß unterliegen und nach einer gewissen Zeit ausgetauscht werden müssen, was mit Kosten verbunden ist. Der mechanische Kontakt zwischen dem Tonerbild beziehungsweise dem Bildträgersubstrat und den Rollen führt ferner dazu, dass das Tonerbild häufig an der Außenmantelfläche der Rollen festklebt. In den meisten Fällen ist daher ein Reinigungssystem für die Rollen erforderlich.A high gloss of the toner image is not necessary for all applications. For example, in an image carrier substrate formed by a matte paper, only a low gloss of the toner image is required. One way to change the gloss is to use only slightly heated rollers with a defined surface roughness. The rollers touch the surface of the toner image and shape its surface structure into the toner image. In this method, the roughness of the toner image and thus its To change the gloss, therefore, roles with different roughness must be used. Another disadvantage of the hot rollers is that they are subject to wear and must be replaced after a certain time, which is associated with costs. The mechanical contact between the toner image or the image carrier substrate and the rollers also leads to the fact that the toner image often adheres to the outer circumferential surface of the rollers. In most cases, therefore, a cleaning system for the rollers is required.

Ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung ist aus der JP 5150674 bekannt. Zudem offenbart die JP 3211576 eine Fixiereinrichtung für eine Druck- oder Kopiermaschine mit einer trommelförmigen Rolle, in der sich eine Strahlungseinrichtung befindet. Ein transparentes Band für Toner im Zusammenhang mit einer Bestrahlungseinrichtung ist aus der GB 1207139 bekannt. Die US 4444487 offenbart Xenon-Lampen als Strahlungsquellen, mit denen auch zeitlich zueinander beabstandete Strahlungspulse abgegeben werden können, wobei die JP 10123863 zudem die Aufbringung einer definierten Rollenkraft anregt.A method of the type mentioned is from the JP 5150674 known. In addition, the reveals JP 3211576 a fixing device for a printing or copying machine with a drum-shaped roller in which a radiation device is located. A transparent tape for toner in connection with an irradiation device is known from the GB 1207139 known. The US 4444487 discloses xenon lamps as radiation sources with which temporally spaced-apart radiation pulses can be emitted, wherein the JP 10123863 In addition, the application of a defined roller force stimulates.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Steuerung des Glanzes eines auf ein Bildträgersubstrat übertragenen und fixierten Tonerbildes anzugeben, bei dem eine gezielte Beeinflussung des Tonerbildglanzes, vorzugsweise in einfacher und kostengünstiger Weise, möglich ist. Ein weiteres Ziel der Erfindung besteht darin, eine digitale Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung anzugeben, bei der eine präzise Einstellung eines gewünschten Tonerbildglanzes möglich ist. Darüber hinaus sollen die Kosten der Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung vorzugsweise nur gering sein.It is an object of the invention to provide a method for controlling the gloss of a transferred to an image carrier substrate and fixed toner image, in which a targeted influencing the Tonbildglanzes, preferably in a simple and inexpensive manner, is possible. Another object of the invention is to provide a digital image recording apparatus in which precise adjustment of a desired toner image gloss is possible. In addition, the cost of the image recording apparatus should preferably be low.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 aufweist. Nachdem somit zunächst das Tonerbild in bekannter Weise auf das Bildträgersubstrat übertragen und darauf fixiert worden ist und erst nachfolgend in einem zweiten Schritt an seiner Oberfläche oder in seinem oberflächennahen Bereich entweder vollständig oder zumindest bereichsweise aufgeschmolzen wird, was dadurch erfolgt, dass dem bereits fixierten Tonerbild mindestens noch ein weiteres Mal Wärme zugeführt wird, was vorzugsweise berührungslos mittels einer Strahlungseinrichtung erfolgt, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass das Tonerbild in einem ersten Bearbeitungsschritt soweit aufgeschmolzen wird, dass sich ein relativ hoher Glanz einstellt, und dass in einem nachfolgenden, zweiten Bearbeitungsschritt das Tonerbild mit soviel Wärmeenergie beaufschlagt wird, dass zumindest Teile des Tonermaterials, insbesondere die Oberflächenschicht des Tonerbildes, überhitzt und dadurch gezielt beschädigt wird.To solve the problem, a method is proposed which has the features of claim 1. Accordingly, after the toner image has first been transferred to the image carrier substrate in a known manner and fixed thereon, it is subsequently melted completely or at least partially in a second step on its surface or in its near-surface region, which takes place by at least the already fixed toner image heat is supplied a further time, which preferably takes place without contact by means of a radiation device, the invention provides that the toner image is melted in a first processing step so far that sets a relatively high gloss, and that in a subsequent, second processing step, the toner image with so much heat energy is applied that at least parts of the toner material, in particular the surface layer of the toner image, overheated and thereby selectively damaged.

Die Aufschmelzung des auf dem Bildträgersubstrat fixierten Tonerbilds an seiner Oberfläche führt dazu, dass der flüssige Toner beginnt zu verfließen, so dass er -wenn er vollständig zerflossen ist- eine sehr glatte Fläche und somit einen hohen Glanz aufweist. Durch den Grad der Aufschmelzung, also inwieweit das Tonerbild an seiner Oberfläche aufgeschmolzen wird, und durch die Dauer der Aufschmelzung, also wie lange die Tonerschicht im flüssigen Zustand gehalten wird, so dass sie zerfließen kann, ermöglicht eine präzise Beeinflussung des Tonerbildglanzes. Das bereits fixierte Tonerbild muss zur Beeinflussung seines Glanzes nicht nochmals vollständig aufgeschmolzen werden, sondern nur dessen oberste Schicht, so dass die dafür aufzuwendende Energie nur gering ist. Es kann praktisch jede Glanzstufe einstellbar sein, also von Matt bis Hochglanz, ohne dass dazu jeweils ein Austausch von Teilen der Fixiereinrichtung erforderlich ist.The melting of the toner image fixed on the image carrier substrate on its surface causes the liquid toner to begin to flow, so that when it has completely dissolved, it has a very smooth surface and thus a high gloss. The degree of melting, that is, the extent to which the toner image is melted on its surface, and the duration of the melting, ie how long the toner layer is kept in the liquid state so that it can deliquesce, enables precise influencing of the toner image gloss. The already fixed toner image need not be completely remelted to affect its gloss, but only the top layer, so that the energy required for this is only small. It can be adjusted practically any gloss level, ie from matte to glossy, without the need for each exchange of parts of the fixing is required.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei vorgesehen, dass das Tonerbild in einem ersten Bearbeitungsschritt so weit aufgeschmolzen wird, dass sich ein relativ hoher Glanz einstellt, und dass in einem nachfolgenden, zweiten Bearbeitungsschritt, das Tonerbild mit so viel Wärmeenergie beaufschlagt wird, dass zumindest Teile des Tonermaterials, insbesondere die Oberflächenschicht des Tonerbildes, überhitzt und dadurch gezielt beschädigt wird. Durch das Überhitzen wird das Tonermaterial eingedampft oder es findet eine Oxidation statt, was in beiden Fällen zu einer raueren Oberfläche und somit zu einem reduzierten Glanz führt. Der Grad der Beschädigung der Tonerbildoberfläche kann durch verschiedene Maßnahmen gezielt beeinflusst werden. Eine erste Möglichkeit besteht darin, eine sehr dünne, oberflächennahe Tonerschicht des Tonerbildes zu erwärmen, wodurch Spannungen in dieser Tonerschicht entstehen, die zu Falten beziehungsweise zu einem Wellen der Tonerbildoberfläche führen. Dadurch wird die Oberfläche unebener beziehungsweise rauer, was zu einer Reduzierung des Glanzes führt. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, das gesamte Tonerbild zu erwärmen, während das Bildträgersubstrat, das beispielsweise aus Papier besteht, kalt bleibt und gegebenenfalls zu diesem Zwecke gekühlt wird. Aufgrund der übermäßigen Erwärmung des Tonermaterials bilden sich Blasen im Tonerbild, welche wiederum die Oberflächenrauigkeit des Tonerbildes ansteigen lassen. Bei dieser Variante zur Steuerung des Tonerbildglanzes kann es zu einer Reduzierung der Farbsättigungsstufe kommen, wobei durch eine gezielte Prozessführung der Einfluss auf die Farbsättigungsstufe minimierbar ist.According to the invention, it is provided that the toner image is melted in a first processing step so far that sets a relatively high gloss, and that in a subsequent, second processing step, the toner image is subjected to so much heat energy that at least parts of the toner material, in particular the surface layer of the toner image, overheated and thus selectively damaged. By overheating, the toner material is evaporated or oxidation takes place, resulting in both cases in a rougher surface and thus reduced gloss. The degree of damage of the toner image surface can be selectively influenced by various measures. A first possibility is to heat a very thin, near-surface toner layer of the toner image, which creates tensions in this toner layer which lead to wrinkles or waves of the toner image surface. As a result, the surface is uneven or rough, resulting in a reduction of the gloss. Another possibility is to heat the entire toner image, while the image carrier substrate, which consists for example of paper, remains cold and is optionally cooled for this purpose. Due to the excessive heating of the toner material, bubbles form in the toner image which, in turn, increase the surface roughness of the toner image. In this variant for controlling the toner image gloss, the color saturation level can be reduced, whereby the influence on the color saturation level can be minimized by targeted process control.

Wenn die Fixiereinrichtung zum erstmaligen Fixieren des Tonerbildes auf dem Bildträgersubstrat eine Heizeinrichtung mit mindestens einer heißen Rolle aufweist, kann diese heiße Rolle zum erstmaligen Fixieren von praktisch allen Tonerbildern verwendet werden, unabhängig davon, welchen Glanz das jeweilige Tonerbild aufweisen soll, wenn es fertiggestellt ist. Sofern der Glanz des mittels der heißen Rollen auf dem Bildträgersubstrat fixierten Tonerbildes verändert werden soll, wird dann in einem zweiten Schritt die Oberfläche des Tonerbildes in gewünschter Weise nachbehandelt, also aufgeschmolzen und anschließend wieder abgekühlt, so dass je nachdem wie hoch der Grad der Aufschmelzung ist und die Zeitdauer, wie lange die Tonerschicht in flüssiger Phase gehalten wird, das Tonerbild anschließend einen gegenüber dem Ausgangszustand höheren oder verringerten Glanz aufweist. Das erneute Erwärmen des bereits fixierten Tonerbildes erfolgt vorzugsweise mit Hilfe eines berührungslos arbeitenden Heiz-/Aufschmelzverfahrens. Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens stellen sich selbstverständlich auch dann ein, wenn das eigentliche Fixieren des Tonerbildes auf dem Bildträgersubstrat anstelle mit Hilfe von heißen Rollen oder dergleichen mittels einer Strahlungseinrichtung erfolgt, also berührungslos, da die Strahlungseinrichtung das Tonerbild lediglich mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung beaufschlagt und nicht in mechanischen Kontakt mit dem Tonerbild gebracht wird. Auch hier erfolgt in einem nachfolgenden Bearbeitungsschritt die Einstellung des Glanzes des bereits auf dem Bildträgersubstrat fixierten Tonerbildes mittels eines vorzugsweise berührungslosen Heizverfahrens.When the fixing means for fixing the toner image on the image carrier substrate for the first time has a heater having at least one hot roller, this hot roller can be used for first fixing almost all toner images regardless of the glossiness of the respective toner image when finished is. If the gloss of the toner image fixed by means of the hot rollers on the image carrier substrate is to be changed, then in a second step the surface of the toner image is aftertreated in the desired manner, ie melted and subsequently cooled again, so that the degree of melting is dependent and the duration of how long the toner layer is maintained in the liquid phase, the toner image then has a higher or decreased gloss compared to the initial state. The reheating of the already fixed toner image is preferably carried out by means of a contactless heating / reflow process. Obviously, the advantages of the method according to the invention also arise when the actual fixing of the toner image on the image carrier substrate takes place by means of a radiation device instead of hot rollers or the like, ie without contact, since the radiation device only acts on the toner image with electromagnetic radiation and not in mechanical contact is made with the toner image. Again, in a subsequent processing step, the setting of the gloss of the already fixed on the image carrier substrate toner image by means of a preferably non-contact heating method.

Der "Grad" der erneuten Aufschmelzung der Oberfläche des bereits aus dem Bildträgersubstrat fixierten Tonerbildes kann bis zu 100 % betragen. In diesem Fall ist die Tonerbildoberfläche vollständig aufgeschmolzen und kann zerfließen, so dass sich eine sehr glatte Fläche und somit ein sehr hoher Glanz ergibt. Der Aufschmelzungsgrad kann auch weniger als 100 % betragen, das heißt, die Oberfläche einer Tonerschicht ist nur teilweise aufgeschmolzen, so dass sich noch in fester Form liegende Teile dieser Tonerschicht in der "Schmelze" befinden. Wenn dieser Zustand des Tonerbildes eingefroren wird, indem das Tonerbild beispielsweise rasch abgekühlt wird, ergibt sich eine Toneroberfläche mit einer gewissen Rauigkeit und somit einem entsprechend niedrigeren Glanz, als bei einer glatteren Tonerbildoberfläche.The "degree" of re-melting of the surface of the already fixed from the image carrier substrate toner image can be up to 100%. In this case, the toner image surface is completely melted and can deliquesce, resulting in a very smooth surface and thus a very high gloss. The degree of fusion may also be less than 100%, that is, the surface of a toner layer is only partially melted so that parts of this toner layer still in solid form are in the "melt". When this state of the toner image is frozen by, for example, rapidly cooling the toner image, the result is a toner surface with a certain roughness and thus a correspondingly lower gloss than a smoother toner image surface.

Bei einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass das Tonerbild mit zwei aufeinanderfolgenden elektromagnetischen Strahlungsimpulsen beaufschlagt wird, wobei die Zeitdauer des ersten Strahlungsimpulses größer als die Zeitdauer des zweiten Strahlungsimpulses sein kann. Im Zusammenhang mit der hier vorliegenden Erfindung wird unter einem "Strahlungsimpuls" ein Lichtblitz verstanden, der nur kurz auf das Tonerbild einwirkt. Die Strahlung des Lichtblitzes liegt in einem bestimmten, vorzugsweise einstellbaren Wellenlängenbereich, insbesondere im UV-Bereich. Der erste Strahlungsimpuls kann beispielsweise sehr kurz sein und eine sehr hohe Energieintensität aufweisen, so dass die Oberfläche des Tonerbildes aufgeschmolzen wird, während durch den zweiten, vorzugsweise sehr kurz andauernden Strahlungsimpuls eine Reduzierung des Glanzes der Tonerbildoberfläche erreicht wird. Die Intensität der beiden Strahlungsimpulse kann daher zur Beeinflussung des Glanzes variiert werden. Eine hohe Intensität zumindest des ersten Strahlungsimpulses kann also zunächst zu einem hohen Glanz führen, wobei dieser Glanz gezielt durch den zweiten Strahlungsimpuls veränderbar ist.In an advantageous embodiment of the method it is provided that the toner image is subjected to two successive electromagnetic radiation pulses, wherein the duration of the first radiation pulse may be greater than the time duration of the second radiation pulse. In the context of the present invention, a "radiation pulse" is understood to mean a flash of light which acts only briefly on the toner image. The radiation of the flash of light lies in a specific, preferably adjustable wavelength range, in particular in the UV range. The first radiation pulse may for example be very short and have a very high energy intensity, so that the surface of the toner image is melted while passing through the second, preferably very short-lasting radiation pulse, a reduction of the gloss of the toner image surface is achieved. The intensity of the two radiation pulses can therefore be varied to influence the gloss. A high intensity of at least the first radiation pulse can therefore initially lead to a high gloss, wherein this gloss is selectively changed by the second radiation pulse.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Tonerbild mittels einer das Tonerbild mechanisch kontaktierenden Heizeinrichtung fixiert wird und dass in einem nachfolgenden Bearbeitungsschritt das fixierte Tonerbild mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung oder mehreren Strahlungsimpulsen beaufschlagt wird. Durch das Fixieren des Toners mittels des mindestens einen, mit dem Tonerbild in Kontakt tretenden Elements, beispielsweise eine heiße Rolle oder ein beheizbares Band, weist das Tonerbild Bereiche unterschiedlichen Glanzes auf. Durch die Beaufschlagung des Tonerbildes mit getakteter oder kontinuierlicher elektromagnetischer Strahlung wird in den Bereichen des Tonerbildes, die eine höhere Tonerdichte aufweisen, der Glanz stärker reduziert als in den Bereichen mit geringerer Tonerdichte. Der Grund hierfür ist, dass eine Tonerschicht mit höherer Dichte die elektromagnetische Strahlung besser absorbiert. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen, Tonerdichten abhängigen Glanzreduzierung ist über das gesamte Tonerbild ein gleichmäßiger Glanz einstellbar.According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the toner image is fixed by means of a heater mechanically contacting the toner image and that in a subsequent processing step, the fixed toner image with electromagnetic radiation or multiple radiation pulses is applied. By fixing the toner by means of the at least one element which comes into contact with the toner image, for example a hot roller or a heatable belt, the toner image has areas of different gloss. By subjecting the toner image to pulsed or continuous electromagnetic radiation, in the areas of the toner image which have a higher toner density, the gloss is reduced more than in the areas of lower toner density. The reason for this is that a higher density toner layer better absorbs the electromagnetic radiation. Due to the different, toner-density-dependent gloss reduction, a uniform gloss can be set over the entire toner image.

Bei einem besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel wird zur Beeinflussung des Glanzes des auf dem Bildträgersubstrat fixierten Tonerbildes dieses mit gepulster oder kontinuierlicher elektromagnetischer Strahlung im UV-Bereich beaufschlagt. In diesem Wellenlängenbereich wird die Strahlung von Farbtonern im Wesentlichen gleichmäßig absorbiert, während beispielsweise das aus Papier bestehende Bildträgersubstrat Strahlung im UV-Bereich nur sehr wenig absorbiert. Durch den eingeschränkten Wellenlängenbereich der Strahlung kann also sichergestellt werden, dass das Papier durch diese Strahlung, die eine hohe Intensität aufweisen kann, nicht beschädigt wird. Es werden häufig Strahlungsquellen eingesetzt, die nicht ausschließlich Strahlung im UV-Bereich emittieren, sondern auch im sichtbaren Bereich, in dem die unterschiedlichen Farben (Cyan, Magenta, Schwarz, Gelb oder Mischfarbe) aufweisenden Farbtoner die Strahlung unterschiedlich gut absorbieren. Im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich absorbiert Papier die Strahlung sehr gut, so dass bei einer hohen Strahlungsintensität eine Beschädigung des Papiers nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck ist vorgesehen, dass die elektromagnetische Strahlung derart gefiltert wird, dass das Tonerbild nur mit Strahlung im UV-Bereich beaufschlagt wird.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, to influence the gloss of the toner image fixed on the image carrier substrate, it is subjected to pulsed or continuous electromagnetic radiation in the UV range. In this wavelength range, the radiation of color toners is absorbed substantially uniformly, while, for example, the paper-based image carrier substrate absorbs only very little radiation in the UV range. Due to the limited wavelength range of the radiation can thus be ensured that the paper is not damaged by this radiation, which may have a high intensity. Radiation sources are often used which emit not only radiation in the UV range, but also in the visible range, in which the different colors (cyan, magenta, black, yellow or mixed color) having color toner absorb the radiation differently well. In the visible wavelength range, paper absorbs the radiation very well, so that at high radiation intensity, damage to the paper can not be ruled out. For this purpose, it is provided that the electromagnetic radiation is filtered such that the toner image is only exposed to radiation in the UV range.

Bevorzugt wird auch eine Ausführungsform des Verfahrens, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass das Tonerbild mit mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden elektromagnetischen Strahlungsimpulsen beaufschlagt wird, wobei die Zeitdauer und/oder Intensität der Strahlungsimpulse unterschiedlich lang beziehungsweise hoch ist. Nach einer ersten Ausführungsvariante ist vorgesehen, dass jeder der Strahlungsimpulse ausreichende Energie aufweist, um das Tonerbild beziehungsweise den oberflächennahen Bereich des Tonerbildes soweit zu erwärmen, dass er schmilzt und der Toner zerfließen kann. Nach einer anderen Ausführungsvariante ist vorgesehen, dass die Energie jedes einzelnen der Strahlungsimpulse nicht ausreicht, um den Toner zu schmelzen und dass das Tonerbild erst dann aufgeschmolzen wird, wenn es mit mehreren Strahlungsimpulsen beaufschlagt wurde. Jeder einzelne der Strahlungsimpulse kann also nur einen Teil der Gesamtenergiemenge in den Toner eintragen, die erforderlich ist, um den Toner zu schmelzen. Dabei ist in vorteilhafter Ausführungsform die Energie eines jeden Strahlungsimpulses gleich groß. Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante ist vorgesehen, dass der erste Strahlungsimpuls die größte Energie aufweist und dass die Energie jedes weiteren Strahlungsimpulses geringer ist als die des jeweils vorhergehenden Strahlungsimpulses.An embodiment of the method is also preferred, which is characterized in that the toner image is subjected to a plurality of successive electromagnetic radiation pulses, the duration and / or intensity of the radiation pulses being of different lengths or high. According to a first embodiment, it is provided that each of the radiation pulses has sufficient energy to heat the toner image or the near-surface region of the toner image to the extent that it melts and the toner can melt. According to another embodiment, it is provided that the energy of each of the radiation pulses is not sufficient to melt the toner and that the toner image is only melted when it was subjected to a plurality of radiation pulses. Each one of the radiation pulses can therefore only enter a part of the total amount of energy required to melt the toner. In this case, in an advantageous embodiment, the energy of each radiation pulse is the same. According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the first radiation pulse has the greatest energy and that the energy of each further radiation pulse is less than that of the respective preceding radiation pulse.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante ist vorgesehen, dass mindestens zwei aufeinanderfolgende Strahlungsimpulse zeitlich nacheinander auf das Tonerbild aufgebracht werden. Es besteht also eine Pause zwischen den Strahlungsimpulsen, so dass sich die mittels des ersten Strahlungsimpulses in das Tonerbild eingebrachte Wärme zerstreuen kann, bevor der zweite Strahlungsimpuls auf das Tonerbild aufgebracht wird.In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that at least two successive radiation pulses are applied in succession to the toner image. There is thus a pause between the radiation pulses, so that the heat introduced into the toner image by means of the first radiation pulse can dissipate before the second radiation pulse is applied to the toner image.

Bei einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens werden drei Strahlungsimpulse mit einer Energie von 0,5 J/cm2 mit einer Zeitdauer von 0,5 ms und einer Pause zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Strahlungsimpulsen von 5 ms auf das Tonerbild aufgebracht. Der erste Strahlungsimpuls erwärmt im oberflächennahen Bereich des Tonerbildes eine Tonerschicht mit einer Dicke von in etwa 3 µm, was zu einer begrenzten Glättung der Tonerbildoberfläche führt. Nach in etwa 1 ms geht die zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Tonerschicht in den festen Zustand über und in etwa 5 ms nach dem ersten Strahlungsimpuls hat sich die meiste Wärme im Tonerbild zerstreut. Dann wird der zweite Strahlungsimpuls auf das Tonerbild aufgebracht, der ausreichend Energie aufweist, um die oberste Tonerschicht erneut zu schmelzen, und dann der dritte Strahlungsimpuls, der die Tonerschicht gegebenenfalls ein weiteres Mal aufschmilzt. Es können noch weitere Strahlungsimpulse auf das Tonerbild aufgebracht werden, falls erforderlich. Wichtig ist, dass zur Erzielung eines hohen Glanzes die oberste Tonerschicht eine ausreichend lange Zeit auf eine ausreichend hohe Temperatur erwärmt ist, so dass sich diese Tonerschicht in gewünschtem Maße glättet und sich somit ein hoher Glanz einstellt.In an advantageous embodiment of the method, three radiation pulses with an energy of 0.5 J / cm 2 with a duration of 0.5 ms and a pause between two successive radiation pulses of 5 ms are applied to the toner image. The first radiation pulse heats the toner image in the near-surface region of the toner image to a thickness of about 3 μm, resulting in limited smoothing of the toner image surface. After about 1 ms, the at least partially liquefied toner layer becomes solid, and about 5 ms after the first radiation pulse, most of the heat in the toner image has dissipated. Then, the second radiation pulse is applied to the toner image having sufficient energy to remelt the uppermost toner layer, and then the third radiation pulse, which eventually melts the toner layer once more. Additional radiation pulses may be applied to the toner image, if necessary. It is important that to achieve a high gloss, the top toner layer a sufficient time on a heated sufficiently high temperature, so that this toner layer smoothes to the desired extent and thus sets a high gloss.

Bei den vorstehend genannten Ausführungsvarianten des Verfahrens ist die Energie jedes einzelnen der Strahlungsimpulse nur so groß, dass eine Beschädigung des Tonerbildes infolge von Überhitzung des Toners, was zu einer Eindickung oder Oxidation des Tonermaterials führt, vermieden wird.In the above-mentioned embodiments of the method, the energy of each one of the radiation pulses is only so great that damage to the toner image due to overheating of the toner, resulting in thickening or oxidation of the toner material, is avoided.

Bei einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass mindestens ein, vorzugsweise mehrere kurze und energiearme Strahlungsimpulse auf das Tonerbild aufgebracht werden. Unter "kurz" wird eine Zeitdauer von weniger als 0,5 ms und unter "energiearm" eine Energie von weniger als 0,5 J/cm2 verstanden, wobei vorzugsweise zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Strahlungsimpulsen eine Pause liegt.In a further embodiment of the method it is provided that at least one, preferably a plurality of short and low-energy radiation pulses are applied to the toner image. By "short" is meant a duration of less than 0.5 ms and by "low energy" an energy of less than 0.5 J / cm 2 , wherein preferably there is a break between two consecutive radiation pulses.

Bevorzugt wird weiterhin ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens, dass sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass das Tonerbild in einem ersten Bearbeitungsschritt so weit aufgeschmolzen wird, dass sich ein relativ hoher Glanz einstellt, und dass in einem nachfolgenden, zweiten Bearbeitungsschritt, das Tonerbild mit so viel Wärmeenergie beaufschlagt wird, dass zumindest Teile des Tonermaterials, insbesondere die Oberflächenschicht des Tonerbildes, überhitzt und dadurch gezielt beschädigt wird. Durch das Überhitzen wird das Tonermaterial eingedampft oder es findet eine Oxidation statt, was in beiden Fällen zu einer raueren Oberfläche und somit zu einem reduzierten Glanz führt. Der Grad der Beschädigung der Toherbildoberfläche kann durch verschiedene Maßnahmen gezielt beeinflusst werden. Eine erste Möglichkeit besteht darin, eine sehr dünne, oberflächennahe Tonerschicht des Tonerbildes zu erwärmen, wodurch Spannungen in dieser Tonerschicht entstehen, die zu Falten beziehungsweise zu einem Wellen der Tonerbildoberfläche führen. Dadurch wird die Oberfläche unebener beziehungsweise rauer, was zu einer Reduzierung des Glanzes führt. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, das gesamte Tonerbild zu erwärmen, während das Bildträgersubstrat, das beispielsweise aus Papier besteht, kalt bleibt und gegebenenfalls zu diesem Zwecke gekühlt wird. Aufgrund der übermäßigen Erwärmung des Tonermaterials bilden sich Blasen im Tonerbild, welche wiederum die Oberflächenrauigkeit des Tonerbildes ansteigen lassen. Bei dieser Variante zur Steuerung des Tonerbildglanzes kann es zu einer Reduzierung der Farbsättigungsstufe kommen, wobei durch eine gezielte Prozessführung der Einfluss auf die Farbsättigungsstufe minimierbar ist.Furthermore, an exemplary embodiment of the method is characterized in that the toner image is melted to such an extent in a first processing step that a relatively high gloss is established, and that in a subsequent, second processing step, the toner image is subjected to so much heat energy in that at least parts of the toner material, in particular the surface layer of the toner image, are overheated and thereby deliberately damaged. By overheating, the toner material is evaporated or oxidation takes place, resulting in both cases in a rougher surface and thus reduced gloss. The degree of damage to the Toherbildoberfläche can be influenced by various measures targeted. A first possibility is to heat a very thin, near-surface toner layer of the toner image, which creates tensions in this toner layer which lead to wrinkles or waves of the toner image surface. As a result, the surface is uneven or rough, resulting in a reduction of the gloss. Another possibility is to heat the entire toner image, while the image carrier substrate, which consists for example of paper, remains cold and is optionally cooled for this purpose. Due to the excessive heating of the toner material, bubbles form in the toner image, which in turn causes the surface roughness of the toner image rise. In this variant for controlling the toner image gloss, the color saturation level can be reduced, whereby the influence on the color saturation level can be minimized by targeted process control.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ferner eine Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 15 vorgeschlagen. Diese umfasst eine Fixiereinrichtung zum Fixieren eines Tonerbildes auf einem Bildträgersubstrat, wobei die Fixiereinrichtung mindestens eine Rolle aufweist, über die das Bildträgersubstrat geführt ist. Die Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Rolle trommelförmig ausgebildet ist und zumindest deren Mantel aus einem transparenten Material besteht und dass im Inneren der Rolle eine Strahlungseinrichtung zur Beaufschlagung des Tonerbildes mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung zum Zwecke des Fixierens des Tonerbildes auf dem Substrat angeordnet ist. Die im Inneren der Rolle angeordnete Strahlungseinrichtung stellt also die zum Aufschmelzen der oberen Tonerschicht oder des gesamten Tonerbildes erforderliche Energie wahlweise zur Verfügung, während das Bildträgersubstrat mit dem darauf befindlichen Tonerbild am Außenmantel der Rolle anliegt. Die Vorrichtung zeichnet sich durch eine kompakte und platzsparende Bauweise aus. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist auch bei hohen Prozessgeschwindigkeiten zuverlässig einsetzbar. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist sowohl zum erstmaligen Fixieren des Tonerbildes auf dem Bildträgersubstrat als auch zur Einstellung des Glanzes eines bereits in einem vorhergehenden Schritt auf dem Bildträgersubstrat fixierten Tonerbildes einsetzbar.To achieve the object, an image recording apparatus with the features of claim 15 is also proposed. This comprises a fixing device for fixing a toner image on an image carrier substrate, wherein the fixing device has at least one roller over which the image carrier substrate is guided. The image recording device is characterized in that the roller is formed drum-shaped and at least whose sheath consists of a transparent material and that inside the roller, a radiation means for applying the electromagnetic radiation to the toner image for the purpose of fixing the toner image on the substrate is arranged. The arranged inside the roller radiation means thus provides the energy required to melt the upper toner layer or the entire toner image optional, while the image carrier substrate with the toner image thereon rests against the outer surface of the roll. The device is characterized by a compact and space-saving design. The device according to the invention can be used reliably even at high process speeds. The device according to the invention can be used both for fixing the toner image on the image carrier substrate for the first time and for adjusting the gloss of a toner image which has already been fixed on the image carrier substrate in a preceding step.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Strahlungseinrichtung elektromagnetische Strahlung und/oder Strahlungsimpulse ausstrahlt, deren Wellenlängenbereich so gewählt ist, dass sie den Mantel der Rolle, zumindest größtenteils, durchdringen. Die getaktete oder kontinuierliche Strahlung wird also nicht vom Rollenmantelmaterial absorbiert, so dass die Rolle zumindest weitgehend nicht erwärmt wird. Die Strahlung erwärmt also lediglich das an der Außenmantelfläche der Rolle anliegende Tonerbild.According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the radiation device emits electromagnetic radiation and / or radiation pulses whose wavelength range is chosen such that they penetrate, at least for the most part, the jacket of the roller. The pulsed or continuous radiation is therefore not absorbed by the roller shell material, so that the roller is at least largely not heated. Thus, the radiation merely heats the toner image applied to the outer surface of the roll.

In bevorzugter Ausführungsform wird das Tonerbild mit mindestens einem Strahlungsimpuls beaufschlagt, der kürzer ist als die Kontaktzeit zwischen dem Roller und dem Tonerbild. Die Energie des Strahlungsimpulses erwärmt vorzugsweise nur die oberste Tonerschicht des Tonerbildes, die dadurch zumindest teilweise schmilzt, so dass sich die Struktur des Rollenaußenmantels einprägt. Die Rolle, der nicht aufgeschmolzene Teil des Tonerbildes und das Bildträgersubstrat kühlen dann die erwärmte oberste Tonerschicht bis unter ihre Glastemperatur Tg in einer sehr kurzen Zeit ab. Diese Zeit ist kürzer als die Kontaktzeit zwischen dem Tonerbild und der Rolle. Die zuvor verflüssigte Tonerschicht geht daher in eine feste Zustandsform über, bevor das Tonerbild gemeinsam mit dem Substrat vom Außenmantel der Rolle abgehoben wird. Ein wichtiger Vorteil besteht darin, dass aufgrund des festen Toners die Trennung zwischen dem Tonerbild und der Rolle in einfacher Weise möglich ist, ohne dass dabei der Toner an der Rolle festklebt. Auf ein Trennmittel kann hier gegebenenfalls verzichtet werden. Dadurch, dass das die aufgeschmolzene obere Tonerschicht des Tonerbildes an der Außenmantelfläche der Rolle anliegt, wird deren Struktur in das Tonerbild quasi eingeprägt. Dadurch ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Weise die Möglichkeit, einen gewünschten Glanz des Tonerbildes einzustellen, indem eine Rolle verwendet wird, deren Außenmantel eine entsprechende Rauigkeit aufweist.In a preferred embodiment, the toner image is subjected to at least one radiation pulse which is shorter than the contact time between the roller and the toner image. The energy of the radiation pulse preferably heats only the uppermost toner layer of the toner image, which thereby at least partially melts, so that the structure of the outer roll shell is impressed. The roll, the unfused portion of the toner image, and the image carrier substrate then cool the heated top toner layer below its glass transition temperature T g in a very short time. This time is shorter than the contact time between the toner image and the roll. The previously liquefied toner layer is therefore in a solid state form before the toner image is lifted together with the substrate from the outer shell of the roll. An important advantage is that due to the solid toner the separation between the toner image and the roll is easily possible without the toner sticking to the roll. On a release agent can be omitted here if necessary. As a result of the fact that the molten upper toner layer of the toner image bears against the outer circumferential surface of the roller, its structure is quasi embossed into the toner image. This advantageously results in the possibility of setting a desired gloss of the toner image by using a roll whose outer shell has a corresponding roughness.

In bevorzugter Ausführungsform besteht die Rolle beziehungsweise der Mantel der Rolle aus einem Material, das eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Toner sehr schnell abgekühlt werden kann, so dass eine gute Trennung des Tonerbilds von der Rolle erreicht und ein Festkleben des Tonerbildes an der Rolle -vorzugsweise ohne Zuhilfenahme eines Trennmittels- verhindert werden kann. Bei einem anderen vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Fixierrolle aus Quarzglas.In a preferred embodiment, the roller or the shell of the roller made of a material having a high thermal conductivity. This has the advantage that the toner can be cooled very quickly so that a good separation of the toner image from the roll can be achieved and sticking of the toner image to the roll, preferably without the aid of a release agent, can be prevented. In another advantageous embodiment, the fixing roller is made of quartz glass.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den übrigen Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the method emerge from the remaining subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Seitenansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung und
Figur 2
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Strahlungseinrichtung zum Fixieren eines Tonerbildes auf ein Bildträgersubstrat.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1
a side view of an embodiment of an image recording device used in the invention and
FIG. 2
a further embodiment of a radiation device for fixing a toner image on an image carrier substrate.

Im Zusammenhang mit der hier vorliegenden Erfindung werden unter dem Begriff "Bildträgersubstrat" alle Gegenstände und Materialien verstanden, auf denen ein flüssiger oder trockener Toner, vorzugsweise wischfest, fixierbar ist. Das Bildträgersubstrat kann beispielsweise ein Papierbogen oder eine Papierbahn sein.
Die im Folgenden beschriebene Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung ist allgemein einsetzbar. Sie kann beispielsweise als eine nach dem elektrographischen oder elektrophotographischen Prozess arbeitende Druck- oder Kopiermaschine ausgestaltet sein. Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtungen der hier angesprochenen Art sind grundsätzlich bekannt, so dass auf deren Aufbau und Funktion hier nicht näher eingegangen wird.
In connection with the present invention, the term "image carrier substrate" means all objects and materials on which a liquid or dry toner, preferably smudge-proof, can be fixed. The image carrier substrate may be, for example, a paper sheet or a paper web.
The image recording apparatus described below is generally applicable. It may be, for example, as an electrographic or electrophotographic Be configured process printing or copying machine. Image recording devices of the type discussed here are basically known, so that their structure and function will not be discussed in detail here.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung 1, nämlich eine Fixiereinrichtung 3, die eine um eine Achse 5 zur Drehung antreibbare Rolle 7 umfasst. Mit Hilfe einer nicht dargestellten Transporteinrichtung wird hier ein bogenförmiges Bildträgersubstrat 9 auf die Außenseite des Mantels 11 der Rolle 7 geführt. Das Bildträgersubstrat 9 liegt mit seiner ein nicht dargestelltes Tonerbild aufweisenden Flachseite 13 an der Außenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 an. Durch eine Drehung der Rolle 7 wird das Bildträgersubstrat 13 von einem Übemahmebereich in einem Übergabebereich, vorbei an einer Strahlungseinrichtung 17 zur Beeinflussung beziehungsweise Steuerung des Glanzes des Tonerbildes auf dem Bildträgersubstrat 9 geführt.1 shows a section of an embodiment of the image recording device 1, namely a fixing device 3, which comprises a roller 7 which can be driven for rotation about an axis 5. With the aid of a transport device, not shown, an arcuate image carrier substrate 9 is guided on the outside of the shell 11 of the roller 7 here. The image carrier substrate 9 is located with its not shown toner image having flat side 13 on the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 at. By rotating the roller 7, the image carrier substrate 13 is guided by a transfer area in a transfer region, past a radiation device 17 for influencing or controlling the gloss of the toner image on the image carrier substrate 9.

Der Mantel 11 der Rolle 7 besteht aus einem transparenten, also lichtdurchlässigen Material, das vorzugsweise eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist. Alternativ kann der Mantel 11 aus Quarzglas hergestellt sein. Die Rolle 7 kann an ihren stirnseitigen Enden mittels nicht dargestellter Deckel verschlossen sein.The jacket 11 of the roller 7 is made of a transparent, that is translucent material, which preferably has a high thermal conductivity. Alternatively, the jacket 11 may be made of quartz glass. The roller 7 may be closed at its front ends by means not shown lid.

Die Strahlungseinrichtung 17 ist im Innenraum 19 der Rolle 7 feststehend angeordnet, das heißt, während sich die Strahlungseinrichtung 17 in einer gleichbleibenden Position befindet, bewegt sich der Mantel 11 der Rolle 7 relativ gegenüber der Strahlungseinrichtung 17. Die Strahlungseinrichtung 17 weist eine Lichtquelle 21 auf, die beispielsweise von einer Xenon-Blitzlampe, Xenon-Quecksilber-Blitzlampe, einem Laser oder dergleichen gebildet ist. Die Lichtquelle 21 ist hier rein beispielhaft in einem Deflektor 23 angeordnet, der zu einem Fixierbereich hin eine Öffnung aufweist.The radiation device 17 is arranged fixedly in the interior 19 of the roller 7, that is, while the radiation device 17 is in a constant position, the jacket 11 of the roller 7 moves relative to the radiation device 17. The radiation device 17 has a light source 21, which is formed for example by a xenon flash lamp, xenon-mercury flash lamp, a laser or the like. The light source 21 is arranged here purely by way of example in a deflector 23 which has an opening towards a fixing region.

Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, wird bei eingeschalteter Lichtquelle 21 das an der Außenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 anliegende Bildträgersubstrat 9 mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung 25 beaufschlagt, die den lichtdurchlässigen Mantel 11 -zumindest größtenteils- durchdringt und das auf der Flachseite 13 des Bildträgersubstrats 9 befindliche, an der Außenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 anliegende Tonerbild erwärmt. Aufgrund des aus einem lichtdurchlässigen Material bestehenden Mantels 11 wird -wenn überhaupt- nur ein geringer Teil der elektromagnetischen Strahlung von der Rolle 7 absorbiert. Die Strahlungseinrichtung 17 ist derart ausgebildet, dass die elektromagnetische Strahlung 25 getaktet, was im Folgenden als Strahlungsimpuls bezeichnet wird, oder kontinuierlich auf das Bildträgersubstrat 9 aufgebracht werden. Um Strahlungsimpulse, die auch als Lichtblitze bezeichnet werden, zu erzeugen, kann auch eine konstant scheinende Lichtquelle verwendet werden, wenn sich im Strahlungspfad zwischen der Lichtquelle und dem Tonerbild beispielsweise verschließ- und öffenbare Klappen oder Blenden befinden.As can be seen from FIG. 1, when the light source 21 is switched on, the image carrier substrate 9 resting on the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 is acted upon by electromagnetic radiation 25 which at least for the most part penetrates the light-transmissive jacket 11 and which is located on the flat side 13 of the image carrier substrate 9 the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 adjacent toner image heated. Due to the existing of a translucent material shell 11 is-if any- only a small part of the electromagnetic radiation from the roller 7 is absorbed. The radiation device 17 is designed such that the electromagnetic radiation 25 is clocked, which is referred to below as a radiation pulse, or continuously applied to the image carrier substrate 9. In order to generate radiation pulses, which are also referred to as flashes of light, it is also possible to use a constant-light source of light, when in the Radiation path between the light source and the toner image, for example, closable and openable flaps or panels are.

Die Lichtquelle 21 ist vorzugsweise derart ausgebildet, dass sie lediglich Strahlung im UV-Bereich emittiert. Sofern die Lichtquelle 21 außer Strahlung im UV-Bereich auch noch beispielsweise im sichtbaren Infrarotbereich emittiert, so kann ein Strahlungsfilter eingesetzt werden, der im Strahlungspfad zwischen der Lichtquelle und dem Tonerbild angeordnet ist, der die von der Lichtquelle emittierte Strahlung filtert, so dass nur noch Strahlung im UV-Bereich auf das Tonerbild auftrifft.The light source 21 is preferably designed such that it only emits radiation in the UV range. If the light source 21 also emits, for example, in the visible infrared range in addition to radiation in the UV range, then a radiation filter can be used which is arranged in the radiation path between the light source and the toner image, which filters the radiation emitted by the light source, so that only Radiation in the UV range impinges on the toner image.

Die Fixiereinrichtung 3 weist ferner eine Anpressrolle 27 auf, die um eine Achse 29 rotierbar ausgebildet ist. Zumindest die Außenmantelfläche 31 der Anpressrolle 27 besteht aus einem flexiblen, insbesondere weichen und verformbaren Material. Die Anpressrolle 27 ist -wie mit einem Doppelpfeil 33 angedeutet- in Richtung der Außenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 und in entgegengesetzter Richtung mittels einer nicht dargestellten Stelleinrichtung verlagerbar. Die Anpressrolle 27 ist mit einer einstellbaren Kraft an die Außenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 anpressbar. Durch Anpressen wird die Außenmantelfläche 31 der Anpressrolle 27 aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität quasi abgeplattet und legt sich über einen gewissen Umfangsbereich der Rolle 7 an deren Außenmantelfläche 15 an. Dadurch ist ein Nip gebildet, der beispielsweise 5 mm lang ist und durch den das Bildträgersubstrat 9 geführt wird. Die Aufgabe der Anpressrolle 27 besteht darin, das mit Hilfe der Strahlungseinrichtung 17 zumindest teilweise aufgeschmolzene Tonerbild auf der Flachseite 13 des Bildträgersubstrats 9 gegen die Außenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 zu pressen. Das Tonerbild ist auf dem Bildträgersubstrat 9 bereits in einem vorhergehenden Verfahrensschritt fixiert, bevor es an der Strahlungseinrichtung 17 vorbeigeführt wird.The fixing device 3 further comprises a pressure roller 27, which is rotatable about an axis 29. At least the outer circumferential surface 31 of the pressure roller 27 consists of a flexible, in particular soft and deformable material. The pressure roller 27 is - as indicated by a double arrow 33 - in the direction of the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 and in the opposite direction by means of an adjusting device, not shown displaced. The pressure roller 27 can be pressed with an adjustable force on the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7. By pressing the outer circumferential surface 31 of the pressure roller 27 is quasi flattened due to their flexibility and lies down over a certain peripheral region of the roller 7 on the outer circumferential surface 15 at. As a result, a nip is formed, which is for example 5 mm long and through which the image carrier substrate 9 is guided. The task of the pressure roller 27 is to press the toner image at least partially melted with the aid of the radiation device 17 on the flat side 13 of the image carrier substrate 9 against the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7. The toner image is already fixed on the image carrier substrate 9 in a preceding process step, before it is guided past the radiation device 17.

Mit Hilfe einer nicht dargestellten Steuerungseinrichtung ist der Anpressdruck der Anpressrolle 27 an die Rolle 7, die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Rolle 7, die Zeitdauer der Einwirkung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 25 auf das Tonerbild sowie deren Intensität einstellbar.By means of a control device, not shown, the contact pressure of the pressure roller 27 to the roller 7, the peripheral speed of the roller 7, the duration of exposure of the electromagnetic radiation 25 on the toner image and their intensity adjustable.

Aus der Beschreibung zu Figur 1 ergibt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ohne weiteres. Dieses sieht vor, dass nachdem das Tonerbild durch Erwärmen auf dem Bildträgersubstrat 9 fixiert worden ist, dem Tonerbild mindestens noch ein weiteres Mal so viel Wärme zugeführt wird, dass das Tonerbild an seiner Oberfläche oder in seinem oberflächennahen Bereich entweder vollständig oder zumindest bereichsweise aufgeschmolzen wird. Dies erfolgt bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 mit Hilfe der Strahlungseinrichtung 17, während das Bildträgersubstrat 9 an deren Außenmantelflächen 15 anliegt beziehungsweise mit definierter Kraft durch die Anpressrolle 27 daran angepresst ist. Der Grad und/oder die Dauer der Aufschmelzung wird erfindungsgemäß in Abhängigkeit des gewünschten Tonerbildglanzes eingestellt. Durch das Aufschmelzen der obersten Tonerschicht des Tonerbildes bei gleichzeitigem Anpressen des Bildträgersubstrats 9 an die Au-ßenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 wird die Struktur der Außenmantelfläche 15 in das zumindest teilweise verflüssigte Tonerbild 9 quasi eingeprägt. Da der Glanz des Tonerbildes maßgeblich durch die Rauigkeit des Tonerbildes an seiner Oberfläche bestimmt wird, wird der Tonerbildglanz also durch die Struktur beziehungsweise Oberflächenrauigkeit der Au-ßenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 bestimmt. Wenn das Tonerbild einen hohen Glanz erhalten soll, muss die Außenmantelfläche 15 der Rolle 7 entsprechend glatt sein, während bei einem weniger glänzenden, beispielsweise matten Tonerbild die Außenmantelfläche 15 eine entsprechende Rauigkeit aufweist.From the description of Figure 1, the inventive method readily. This provides that after the toner image has been fixed by heating on the image carrier substrate 9, the toner image at least once more heat is supplied so that the toner image is melted at its surface or in its near-surface region either completely or at least partially. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, this takes place with the aid of the radiation device 17, while the image carrier substrate 9 bears against its outer lateral surfaces 15 or with a defined force by the pressure roller 27 is pressed thereto. The degree and / or the duration of the melting is set according to the invention as a function of the desired toner image gloss. By melting the uppermost toner layer of the toner image with simultaneous pressing of the image carrier substrate 9 to the Au-ßenmantelfläche 15 of the roller 7, the structure of the outer circumferential surface 15 is virtually impressed into the at least partially liquefied toner image. Since the gloss of the toner image is largely determined by the roughness of the toner image on its surface, the toner image gloss is thus determined by the structure or surface roughness of the Au-ßenmantelfläche 15 of the roller 7. If the toner image is to obtain a high gloss, the outer circumferential surface 15 of the roller 7 must be correspondingly smooth, while in a less shiny, such as matte toner image, the outer circumferential surface 15 has a corresponding roughness.

Nachdem die oberste Tonerschicht des Tonerbildes mit Hilfe der Strahlungseinrichtung 17 aufgeschmolzen ist, kühlt das Tonerbild in einer sehr kurzen Zeit so weit ab, dass es vollständig in einen festen Zustand übergeht und zwar bevor das Bildträgersubstrat 9 von der Rolle 7 abgehoben und an einen nachfolgenden Teil der Vorrichtung 1 überführt wird. Die verflüssigte, oberflächennahe Schicht des Tonerbildes wird dabei durch die darunter liegende, feste Tonerschicht, das Bildträgersubstrat 9 sowie durch die Rolle 7 gekühlt.After the uppermost toner layer of the toner image has been melted by means of the radiation device 17, the toner image cools in a very short time so that it completely in a solid state and before the image carrier substrate 9 lifted from the roller 7 and to a subsequent part the device 1 is transferred. The liquefied, near-surface layer of the toner image is thereby cooled by the underlying, solid toner layer, the image carrier substrate 9 and by the roller 7.

Figur 2 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung 1, nämlich eine Strahlungseinrichtung 17, wie sie anhand der Figur 1 beschrieben ist. Die Strahlungseinrichtung 17 weist eine gleichbleibende, fixe Position innerhalb der Bildaufzeichnungsvorrichtung 1 auf. Das Bildträgersubstrat 9 wird mittels einer nicht dargestellten Transporteinrichtung an der Strahlungseinrichtung 17 vorbeigeführt. Eine gedachte Transportebene E, in der sich das Bildträgersubstrat 9 befindet, ist mit gestrichelter Linie angedeutet. Die Strahlungseinrichtung 17 ist erfindungsgemäß derart ausgebildet und gegenüber der Transportebene E ausgerichtet, dass die elektromagnetische Strahlung 25 beziehungsweise die Strahlungsimpulse (Lichtblitze) in einem Winkel α auf die Oberfläche 35 eines auf der Flachseite 13 des Bildträgersubstrats 9 aufgebrachten, bereits fixierten Tonerbildes 37 auftreffen, der kleiner 90° ist. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass ein schräger Einfallswinkel der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 25 auf die Tonerbildoberfläche 35 zu einem höheren Energieeintrag in das Tonerbild 37 führt, als wenn die elektromagnetische Strahlung 25 senkrecht auf die Tonerbildoberfläche 35 auftreffen würde. Dabei steigt der Wirkungsgrad des Energieeintrags um einen Faktor von 1/sin(α). Der Einfallswinkel a kann jedoch nicht beliebig klein werden, da ab einem bestimmten Grenzwert die Reflektion der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 25 ansteigt.FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the image recording device 1, namely a radiation device 17, as described with reference to FIG. The radiation device 17 has a constant, fixed position within the image recording device 1. The image carrier substrate 9 is guided past the radiation device 17 by means of a transport device, not shown. An imaginary transport plane E, in which the image carrier substrate 9 is located, is indicated by a dashed line. According to the invention, the radiation device 17 is designed and aligned with respect to the transport plane E such that the electromagnetic radiation 25 or the radiation pulses (light flashes) impinge on the surface 35 of an already fixed toner image 37 applied on the flat side 13 of the image carrier substrate 9 at an angle α is less than 90 °. It has been found that an oblique angle of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation 25 on the toner image surface 35 leads to a higher energy input into the toner image 37 than if the electromagnetic radiation 25 were to impinge perpendicularly on the toner image surface 35. The efficiency of the energy input increases by a factor of 1 / sin (α). However, the angle of incidence a can not be arbitrarily small, since the reflection of the electromagnetic radiation 25 rises above a certain limit value.

Zusammenfassend bleibt festzuhalten, dass die anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 beschriebene Fixiereinrichtung 3 aufgrund ihrer Ausgestaltung und Funktionsweise ohne weiteres wahlweise zum erstmaligen Fixieren eines auf ein Bildträgersubstrat übertragenen Tonerbildes und zur Beeinflussung beziehungsweise Steuerung des Glanzes eines bereits in einem vorhergehenden Verfahrensschritt auf ein Bildträgersubstrat fixiertes Tonerbild eingesetzt werden kann. Mit anderen Worten, die Fixiereinrichtung 3 kann also zum erstmaligen Aufschmelzen des Tonerbildes als auch alternativ zur gezielten Beeinflussung der obersten Tonerschicht des bereits fixierten Tonerbildes zum Zwecke der gezielten Beeinflussung des Tonerbildglanzes verwendet werden.In summary, it should be noted that the fixing device 3 described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 readily due to their design and operation either optional for first fixing a transferred to an image carrier substrate toner image and for influencing or controlling the gloss of a already fixed in a previous process step on an image carrier substrate toner image can be used. In other words, the fixing device 3 can therefore be used for the first-time melting of the toner image as well as alternatively for the targeted influencing of the uppermost toner layer of the already fixed toner image for the purpose of selectively influencing the toner image gloss.

Die Ausführungsbeispiele sind nicht als Einschränkung der Erfindung zu verstehen.The embodiments are not to be understood as limiting the invention.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
BildaufzeichnungsvorrichtungImage recording apparatus
33
Fixiereinrichtungfixing
55
Achseaxis
77
Rollerole
99
BildträgersubstratImage carrier substrate
1111
Mantelcoat
1313
Flachseiteflat side
1515
AußenantelflächeOutside Antel area
1717
Strahlungseinrichtungradiation device
1919
Innenrauminner space
2121
Lichtquellelight source
2323
Deflektordeflector
2525
Strahlungradiation
2727
Anpressrollepressure roller
2929
Achseaxis
3131
AußenmantelflächeOuter casing surface
3333
Doppelpfeildouble arrow
3535
Oberflächesurface
3737
Tonerbildtoner image

Claims (13)

  1. Method for controlling the gloss of a toner image that has been transferred and fixed to an image carrier substrate (9), wherein, after the toner image has already been fixed to the image carrier substrate (9) by the application of heat, sufficient heat is applied at least one more time in order to melt-deposit said toner image either completely or at least in some areas on the substrate surface or in an area close to the surface, with the degree and/or duration of melt-depositing being adjusted as a function of the desired toner image gloss, characterized in that the already fixed toner image is melt-deposited during a first process step to such a degree that a relatively high gloss is achieved, and that, during a subsequent, second process step, enough thermal energy is applied that at least parts of the toner material, in particular the surface layer of the toner image, is overheated and thus damaged in a targeted manner, thus producing a reduced gloss.
  2. Method as in Claim 1, characterized in that the toner image is fixed by means of a heating device that mechanically contacts the toner image and that, during a subsequent process step, electromagnetic radiation or several radiation pulses are applied to the fixed toner image.
  3. Method as in Claim 1, characterized in that the image carrier substrate (9) is moved over a transparent roller (7) having on its inside (19) a radiation device (17), whereby the outer circumferential surface (15) of the roller (7) contacts the already fixed toner image, and that the radiation device (17) is used to apply electromagnetic radiation (25) and/or several radiation pulses (25) to the toner image.
  4. Method as in Claim 3, characterized in that the image carrier substrate (9) is pressed with defined force against the outer circumferential surface (15) of the roller (7).
  5. Method as in one of the previous Claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the duration of irradiation of the image carrier substrate (9) and/or the pressure applied by said image carrier substrate against the roller (7) can be adjusted.
  6. Method as in one of the previous Claims, characterized in that several successive electromagnetic radiation pulses are applied to the fixed toner image, whereby the duration and/or the intensity of the radiation pulses vary regarding length and height, respectively.
  7. Method as in Claim 6, characterized in that at least two successive radiation pulses are applied, chronologically in sequence, to the toner image.
  8. Method as in one of the previous Claims 6 and 7, characterized in that, during the first process step, the energy and/or duration of each individual radiation pulse are, respectively, low and short enough that a desired melt-depositing of the fixed toner image will occur only after all radiation pulses have been applied to the toner image.
  9. Method as in one of the previous Claims 6 through 8, characterized in that at least one short and low-energy radiation pulse is applied to the toner image.
  10. Method as in Claim 9, characterized in that the duration of the radiation pulse is less than 0.5 ms, and the radiation intensity is less than 0.5 J/cm2.
  11. Method as in one of the previous Claims, characterized in that the energy of the first radiation pulse is highest, and that the energy of each additional subsequent radiation pulse is lower than the energy of each previous radiation pulse that has been applied to the toner image.
  12. Method as in one of the previous Claims, characterized in that the electromagnetic radiation (25), which is applied to the toner image continuously or in the form of pulses, impinges on the toner image surface at an angle (α) which is smaller than 90°.
  13. Method as in one of the previous Claims, characterized in that the pulsed or continuous electromagnetic radiation applied to the toner image is in the ultraviolet wavelength range (UV range).
EP01127117A 2000-12-22 2001-11-15 Method for controlling gloss of a toner image and digital image forming apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP1217458B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10064566A DE10064566A1 (en) 2000-12-22 2000-12-22 Method for controlling the gloss of a toner image and digital image recording device
DE10064566 2000-12-22

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EP1217458A2 EP1217458A2 (en) 2002-06-26
EP1217458A3 EP1217458A3 (en) 2006-02-01
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EP (1) EP1217458B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002278359A (en)
AT (1) ATE368244T1 (en)
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ATE368244T1 (en) 2007-08-15
EP1217458A2 (en) 2002-06-26
US20020094220A1 (en) 2002-07-18
JP2002278359A (en) 2002-09-27
DE10064566A1 (en) 2002-06-27
DE50112759D1 (en) 2007-09-06
EP1217458A3 (en) 2006-02-01
US6661993B2 (en) 2003-12-09

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