EP1217170A2 - Method to tune the natural frequency of turbine blades by using the orientation of the secondary axes - Google Patents
Method to tune the natural frequency of turbine blades by using the orientation of the secondary axes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1217170A2 EP1217170A2 EP01306925A EP01306925A EP1217170A2 EP 1217170 A2 EP1217170 A2 EP 1217170A2 EP 01306925 A EP01306925 A EP 01306925A EP 01306925 A EP01306925 A EP 01306925A EP 1217170 A2 EP1217170 A2 EP 1217170A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- turbine bucket
- tuning
- frequencies
- natural frequency
- bucket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/16—Form or construction for counteracting blade vibration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/26—Antivibration means not restricted to blade form or construction or to blade-to-blade connections or to the use of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/21—Manufacture essentially without removing material by casting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/607—Monocrystallinity
Definitions
- This invention relates to gas turbine bucket construction and, more particularly, to using secondary orientation to tune turbine bucket natural frequencies.
- the turbine blade or turbine bucket experiences different dynamic stimuli due to the aerodynamic disturbances from, for example, the up- and down-stream nozzles, the combustor cans, the tip shrouds, etc.
- any of these stimulus frequencies is close enough to the natural frequency of the rotational turbine bucket, resonance may occur that will likely cause failures, usually catastrophic, to the bucket due to high cycle fatigue. Indeed, a large number of engine failures in the field can be traced back to the root cause of vibration related failures. Thus, it is important in bucket design to avoid resonance during operation by a sufficient margin.
- a method of manufacturing a turbine bucket includes (a) investment casting the turbine bucket with a single crystal alloy, and (b) tuning a natural frequency of the turbine bucket without modifying physical features of the turbine bucket.
- Step (b) may be practiced by tuning the natural frequency of the turbine bucket without affecting turbine bucket weight or turbine bucket shape.
- Step (b) may also be practiced by tuning torsional and stripe mode frequencies without affecting flexure mode frequencies of the turbine bucket.
- step (b) is preferably practiced by, prior to step (a), placing the crystal seed along a desired direction according to an orientation relative to the engine axial direction.
- a method of tuning turbine bucket natural frequency includes (a) placing the crystal seed along a desired orientation relative to the engine axial direction, and (b) investment casting the turbine bucket with a single crystal alloy, wherein the desired orientation is selected to tune torsional frequencies without affecting flexure frequencies.
- the material directions along the X' and Y' axes are termed secondary orientation, while that along the Z' direction is termed as the primary orientation.
- the secondary orientation is defined by the angle ⁇ s between the engine axial direction X and the material direction X, which is the same as the angle between the engine tangential direction Y and the material direction Y.
- Operating frequencies of turbine buckets can be determined in the design phase using engineering models and the like as would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the data for FIGURES 2 and 3 is based on known Finite Element (FE) Analyses (known as ANSYS code) and is validated through engine tests. Similar engineering models by FE analyses can be used to determine bucket natural frequencies. As noted, it is important to avoid resonance by a sufficient margin to improve operating efficiency, and it thus may be necessary to "tune" the natural frequencies of a turbine bucket.
- FE Finite Element
- the shear modulus that determines the torsional frequencies is dependent on the secondary orientation ⁇ s .
- the tensile modulus along the radial direction that determines the flexure frequencies is insensitive to the secondary orientation.
- the secondary orientation can be used to tune the torsional frequencies without affecting the flexure frequencies.
- FIGURE 2 shows the change of 1T and 2T frequencies as a function of the secondary orientation.
- FIGURE 3 shows the change of 1-2S and 1-3S frequencies as a function of the secondary orientation. It is known that changes in the secondary orientation will not affect the flexure frequencies (such as 1 F, 2F, etc.). Moreover, the change in secondary orientation does not entail changes in turbine bucket weight and shape. To implement certain preferred secondary orientation in an investment casting process is a relatively easy operation, thus the impact is minimal on manufacturing cost.
- FIGURES 2 and 3 the data for FIGURES 2 and 3 is derived from FE analyses. First analyses are conducted by incorporating the secondary orientation in the engineering model, then the results are correlated with the engine test results. Subsequently, the secondary orientation is varied, and the curves are completed.
- the secondary orientation is controlled by placing the crystal seed along a desired direction. Placing of the crystal seed in the investment casting process does not affect the physical features of the turbine bucket, such as the bucket weight or shape, and does not entail any additional manufacturing operation or cost. As shown in FIGURES 2 and 3, the desired direction of the crystal seed or secondary orientation is selected to effect a desired percentage change in turbine bucket natural frequencies.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to gas turbine bucket construction and, more particularly, to using secondary orientation to tune turbine bucket natural frequencies.
- As a rotational component in a gas turbine engine, the turbine blade or turbine bucket experiences different dynamic stimuli due to the aerodynamic disturbances from, for example, the up- and down-stream nozzles, the combustor cans, the tip shrouds, etc. When any of these stimulus frequencies is close enough to the natural frequency of the rotational turbine bucket, resonance may occur that will likely cause failures, usually catastrophic, to the bucket due to high cycle fatigue. Indeed, a large number of engine failures in the field can be traced back to the root cause of vibration related failures. Thus, it is important in bucket design to avoid resonance during operation by a sufficient margin.
- Previously, tuning of bucket natural frequencies has been accomplished using airfoil thickness to chord ratio, trailing edge wedge angle, trailing edge mass, airfoil wall thickness, cooling cavity size and number, tip shroud or cap, and camber. These previous methods, however, typically require the alteration of some physical feature of the bucket such as bucket weight or shape and/or increased production costs or altering the flex modes when only torsional or stripe modes are needed to be tuned. It is thus desirable to effect tuning of bucket torsional and stripe mode natural frequencies without altering any bucket physical features, without increasing bucket manufacturing cost, and without affecting the turbine bucket flexure frequencies.
- In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method of manufacturing a turbine bucket includes (a) investment casting the turbine bucket with a single crystal alloy, and (b) tuning a natural frequency of the turbine bucket without modifying physical features of the turbine bucket. Step (b) may be practiced by tuning the natural frequency of the turbine bucket without affecting turbine bucket weight or turbine bucket shape. Step (b) may also be practiced by tuning torsional and stripe mode frequencies without affecting flexure mode frequencies of the turbine bucket. In this context, step (b) is preferably practiced by, prior to step (a), placing the crystal seed along a desired direction according to an orientation relative to the engine axial direction.
- In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method of tuning turbine bucket natural frequency includes (a) placing the crystal seed along a desired orientation relative to the engine axial direction, and (b) investment casting the turbine bucket with a single crystal alloy, wherein the desired orientation is selected to tune torsional frequencies without affecting flexure frequencies.
- An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIGURE 1 illustrates a crystal orientation relative to engine orientations;
- FIGURE 2 is a graph showing the effect of secondary orientation on 1T and 2T frequencies; and
- FIGURE 3 is a graph showing the effect of secondary orientation on 1-2S and 1-3S frequencies.
-
- With reference to FIGURE 1, in a single crystal alloy, the material directions along the X' and Y' axes are termed secondary orientation, while that along the Z' direction is termed as the primary orientation. The secondary orientation is defined by the angle s between the engine axial direction X and the material direction X, which is the same as the angle between the engine tangential direction Y and the material direction Y.
- Operating frequencies of turbine buckets can be determined in the design phase using engineering models and the like as would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The data for FIGURES 2 and 3 is based on known Finite Element (FE) Analyses (known as ANSYS code) and is validated through engine tests. Similar engineering models by FE analyses can be used to determine bucket natural frequencies. As noted, it is important to avoid resonance by a sufficient margin to improve operating efficiency, and it thus may be necessary to "tune" the natural frequencies of a turbine bucket.
- In a bucket of single crystal alloy, the shear modulus that determines the torsional frequencies is dependent on the secondary orientation s. The tensile modulus along the radial direction that determines the flexure frequencies, on the other hand, is insensitive to the secondary orientation. Thus, with the method of the present invention, the secondary orientation can be used to tune the torsional frequencies without affecting the flexure frequencies. FIGURE 2 shows the change of 1T and 2T frequencies as a function of the secondary orientation. FIGURE 3 shows the change of 1-2S and 1-3S frequencies as a function of the secondary orientation. It is known that changes in the secondary orientation will not affect the flexure frequencies (such as 1 F, 2F, etc.). Moreover, the change in secondary orientation does not entail changes in turbine bucket weight and shape. To implement certain preferred secondary orientation in an investment casting process is a relatively easy operation, thus the impact is minimal on manufacturing cost.
- As noted, the data for FIGURES 2 and 3 is derived from FE analyses. First analyses are conducted by incorporating the secondary orientation in the engineering model, then the results are correlated with the engine test results. Subsequently, the secondary orientation is varied, and the curves are completed.
- Investment casting with a single crystal alloy is known, and the details of the casting process will not be described herein. A related investment 10 casting process is described in commonly-owned U.S. Patent No. 5,713,722.
- In the investment casting process, the secondary orientation is controlled by placing the crystal seed along a desired direction. Placing of the crystal seed in the investment casting process does not affect the physical features of the turbine bucket, such as the bucket weight or shape, and does not entail any additional manufacturing operation or cost. As shown in FIGURES 2 and 3, the desired direction of the crystal seed or secondary orientation is selected to effect a desired percentage change in turbine bucket natural frequencies.
Claims (8)
- A method of manufacturing a turbine bucket comprising:(a) investment casting the turbine bucket with a single crystal alloy; and(b) tuning a natural frequency of the turbine bucket without modifying physical features of the turbine bucket.
- A method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) is practiced by tuning the natural frequency of the turbine bucket without affecting turbine bucket weight.
- A method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) is practiced by tuning the natural frequency of the turbine bucket without affecting turbine bucket shape.
- A method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) is practiced by tuning torsional and stripe mode frequencies without affecting flexure mode frequencies of the turbine bucket.
- A method according to claim 1, wherein step (b) is practiced by, prior to step (a), placing a crystal seed along a desired direction according to an orientation relative to an engine axial direction.
- A method of tuning turbine bucket natural frequency comprising:(a) placing a crystal seed along a desired orientation relative to an engine axial direction; and(b) investment casting the turbine bucket with a single crystal alloy, wherein the desired orientation is selected to tune torsional frequencies without affecting flexure frequencies.
- A method according to claim 6, comprising tuning the natural frequency of the turbine bucket without affecting turbine bucket weight. 51 DV-6081
- A method according to claim 6, comprising tuning the natural frequency of the turbine bucket without affecting turbine bucket shape.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US735503 | 1991-07-25 | ||
US09/735,503 US20020074102A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2000-12-14 | Method using secondary orientation to tune bucket natural frequency |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1217170A2 true EP1217170A2 (en) | 2002-06-26 |
EP1217170A3 EP1217170A3 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
Family
ID=24956083
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01306925A Withdrawn EP1217170A3 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2001-08-14 | Method to tune the natural frequency of turbine blades by using the orientation of the secondary axes |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020074102A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1217170A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002201902A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20020046909A (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ20012940A3 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1584871A2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Single crystal articles having controlled crystallographic orientation |
US7338259B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2008-03-04 | United Technologies Corporation | High modulus metallic component for high vibratory operation |
CN102451619A (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-05-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Y-shaped molecular sieve film and removal method for moisture in dichloromethane |
EP2884050A1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-17 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Cascade and associated method |
DE102018202725A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-22 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Arrangement of blades in a blade ring based on a primary crystal orientation |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7988412B2 (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2011-08-02 | General Electric Company | Structures for damping of turbine components |
US20120101792A1 (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2012-04-26 | Alexander Staroselsky | Turbine component and method for developing a component |
ES2583756T3 (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2016-09-22 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Blade arrangement for a turbomachine |
DE102014214270A1 (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-02-18 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Bucket grid for a turbomachine |
FR3038341B1 (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-07-28 | Snecma | METHOD OF ALTERATION OF THE LAYING ACT OF THE AERODYNAMIC SURFACE OF A GAS TURBINE ENGINE BLOWER BLADE |
CN109269745B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-01-19 | 湖南科技大学 | Large bucket wheel machine cantilever low-frequency vibration testing method based on carrier roller excitation method |
US11499431B2 (en) | 2021-01-06 | 2022-11-15 | General Electric Company | Engine component with structural segment |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3044746A (en) * | 1960-05-18 | 1962-07-17 | Gen Electric | Fluid-flow machinery blading |
US4605452A (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1986-08-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Single crystal articles having controlled secondary crystallographic orientation |
US4804311A (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1989-02-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Transverse directional solidification of metal single crystal articles |
US4919593A (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1990-04-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Retrofitted rotor blades for steam turbines and method of making the same |
JPH0633701A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1994-02-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Single crystal moving blade for gas turbine and production thereof |
US5292385A (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1994-03-08 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Turbine rotor having improved rim durability |
US5682747A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1997-11-04 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine combustor heat shield of casted super alloy |
JPH1136805A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-02-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Turbine blade |
-
2000
- 2000-12-14 US US09/735,503 patent/US20020074102A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2001
- 2001-08-14 KR KR1020010048952A patent/KR20020046909A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-14 JP JP2001245829A patent/JP2002201902A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-14 CZ CZ20012940A patent/CZ20012940A3/en unknown
- 2001-08-14 EP EP01306925A patent/EP1217170A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3044746A (en) * | 1960-05-18 | 1962-07-17 | Gen Electric | Fluid-flow machinery blading |
US4605452A (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1986-08-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Single crystal articles having controlled secondary crystallographic orientation |
US4804311A (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1989-02-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Transverse directional solidification of metal single crystal articles |
US4919593A (en) * | 1988-08-30 | 1990-04-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Retrofitted rotor blades for steam turbines and method of making the same |
US5292385A (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1994-03-08 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Turbine rotor having improved rim durability |
JPH0633701A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1994-02-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Single crystal moving blade for gas turbine and production thereof |
US5682747A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1997-11-04 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine combustor heat shield of casted super alloy |
JPH1136805A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-02-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Turbine blade |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 249 (M-1604), 12 May 1994 (1994-05-12) & JP 06 033701 A (HITACHI LTD;OTHERS: 01), 8 February 1994 (1994-02-08) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 05, 31 May 1999 (1999-05-31) & JP 11 036805 A (HITACHI LTD;HITACHI NUCLEAR ENG CO LTD), 9 February 1999 (1999-02-09) * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7338259B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2008-03-04 | United Technologies Corporation | High modulus metallic component for high vibratory operation |
US7871247B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2011-01-18 | United Technologies Corporation | High modulus metallic component for high vibratory operation |
EP1584871A2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Single crystal articles having controlled crystallographic orientation |
EP1584871A3 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2008-11-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Single crystal articles having controlled crystallographic orientation |
CN102451619A (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-05-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Y-shaped molecular sieve film and removal method for moisture in dichloromethane |
CN102451619B (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2013-11-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Y-shaped molecular sieve film and removal method for moisture in dichloromethane |
EP2884050A1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-17 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Cascade and associated method |
EP2891767A1 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-07-08 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Cascade and associated method |
US9765633B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2017-09-19 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Blade cascade |
US9850766B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2017-12-26 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Blade cascade |
DE102018202725A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-22 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Arrangement of blades in a blade ring based on a primary crystal orientation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020074102A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
KR20020046909A (en) | 2002-06-21 |
EP1217170A3 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
JP2002201902A (en) | 2002-07-19 |
CZ20012940A3 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
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