Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
  • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
  • A61B5/6804—Garments; Clothes
  • A61B5/6806—Gloves
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
  • A61B5/162—Testing reaction times
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6887—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient mounted on external non-worn devices, e.g. non-medical devices
  • A61B5/6896—Toys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
  • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
  • A61B2562/0219—Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
  • A61B5/4076—Diagnosing or monitoring particular conditions of the nervous system
  • A61B5/4082—Diagnosing or monitoring movement diseases, e.g. Parkinson, Huntington or Tourette

Definitions

• This invention relates to a method and apparatus for diagnosing neurological conflicts in persons.
• the invention is especially adapted to diagnosing learning disabilities, but has application in diagnosing other neurological conflicts.
• the invention may also be used to prescribe corrective interventions for neurological conflicts.
• ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder
• CD Conduct Disorder
• TS Tourette Syndrome
• a neurological conflict diagnostic apparatus includes a timing assessment tool.
• the timing assessment tool is mampulatable by a user and develops a timing score.
• a processor processes the timing score to a diagnosis and/or corrective intervention, or therapy. This may be accomplished by the processor applying the score from the timing assessment tool to a database and retrieving a diagnosis, a therapeutic intervention, or both from the database.
• the use of a timing assessment tool eliminates the subjectivity that is present in other clinical rated timing assessments.
• the timing assessment tool is capable of assessing neurological functions which correlate with outward symptoms rather than measuring outward symptoms alone.
• the database relates timing scores with diagnosis and therapeutic interventions with various diagnoses
• the inclusion of a large sampling of users in a database and performing of statistical analysis on the population allows a direct correlation between timing scores and therapeutic interventions without the necessity for establishing a known diagnosis.
• a diagnostic apparatus includes at least one user operable trigger, a control, and a database.
• the control generates a reference signal having occurrences separated by a predetermined time interval and determines a temporal relationship between user manipulation of the trigger and occurrences of the reference signal.
• a database includes a plurality of such temporal relationships and a diagnosis, a therapeutic intervention, or both for the temporal relationships.
• the diagnosis apparatus includes a plurality of triggers that are operable by different user limbs.
• the timing assessment tool may be used to develop a timing score based upon a comparison of user manipulation of the different triggers.
• the reference signal may be either a non-speech tone or a series of different speech phonetic sounds in order to diagnose different disorders.
• a method of determining a therapeutic intervention for a person having a neurological conflict includes providing a database of therapeutic interventions and timing parameters.
• the method further includes objectively measuring the timing parameter of the person and applying the measured timing parameter to the database and retrieving at least a therapeutic intervention from the database.
• the objectively measured timing of the person may include measuring any one of the person's response time, response variability, break-in response sequence, out-of-phase responses, interactive responses, early responses, late responses, and any combination of such responses.
• the present invention may obviate the need for conventional psychological testing, with its present subjective evaluations, and the necessity for identifying any one particular diagnosis. Instead, the present invention provides the capability for directly correlating timing parameters indicative of neurological conflict in order to establish a therapeutic intervention specific to the neurological conflict.
• the present invention is intended to provide a tool for diagnosing and prescribing therapeutic intervention especially for learning disabilities but may be useful for other neurological conflicts such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and the like.
• the invention is especially useful in improving the attention, motor and perceptual motor functioning, cognitive and academic performance, and control of aggression in children with significant attentional problems.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a neurological conflict diagnostic method and apparatus according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is a detailed block diagram of a neurological conflict diagnostic apparatus
• Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a method of developing a database useful with the invention
• Fig. 4 is a somewhat more detailed view of the apparatus in Fig. 2;
• Fig. 5 is the same view as Fig. 4 of an alternative embodiment;
• Fig. 6 is the same view as Fig. 4 of another alternative embodiment;
• Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating timing sequences for use with responses with respect to reference signals;
• Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a data creation and input function
• Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a mode and task selection function
• Fig. 10 is a flowchart of a timing interrupt processing function
• Fig. 11 is a flowchart of a temporal evaluation function
• Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a user signal generation function.
• a neuralgic conflict diagnostic method and apparatus 10 includes a timing assessment tool 12 and analyzer, or processor, 14.
• the analyzer 14 receives a timing score illustrated at 16 from timing assessment tool 12 and produces an indication at 18 which may be a diagnostic indication, a therapeutic intervention indication, or both diagnostic and therapeutic indications. It should be understood that timing assessment tool 12 and analyzer 14 may be separate units or combined together in a single unit.
• timing assessment tool 12 is preferably a neuro-motor coordination measuring and enhancing apparatus of the type disclosed in commonly assigned United States Patents 5,529,498 and 5,743,744 entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND ENHANCING NEURO-MOTOR COORDINATION, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• timing assessment tool 12 includes a personal computer 20 which is preferably an IBM compatible personal computer with a 266 or higher megahertz Pentium processor with a Windows '98 operating system, 64 megabytes of RAM, and 100 megabytes of free space on the main hard drive (Fig. 2). Other operating systems, such as Apple or Linux, may also be used.
• Computer 20 may be a laptop computer for portability purposes.
• the timing assessment tool may also be a dedicated hardware platform thereby allowing the tool to be carried by the user's body.
• personal computer 20 is loaded with Interactive Metronome ® Pro Version 4.0 Software.
• a trigger 22 is connected through a serial port 24 of computer 20.
• Computer 20 preferably includes a 100 percent Sound Blaster compatible stereo sound card producing an output 26 selected to a pair of stereo headphones 28 or other multiple speaker system. However, custom-designed sound-generating circuits may be used.
• Trigger 22 may include one or more hand triggers 22 A, 22C, and a foot trigger 22B. Hand triggers 22A, 22C may be utilized on opposite hands, and foot trigger 22B may be struck by either foot with either the toe or the heel.
• the triggers 22 are utilized to provide a user input to computer 20.
• a database 30 which may reside on a separate computer or on computer 20 provides relationship between timing scores produced by timing assessment tool 12 and diagnosis and/or therapy interventions in a manner that will be explained in more detail below.
• Computer 20 produces an output 30 which is a diagnosis and/or a corrective intervention for the user 8 of the timing assessment tool.
• a person to be tested which preferably is a child of preschool or early grade school age, is fitted with one or more triggers 22.
• a reference signal is generated by computer 20.
• the reference signal may be provided to the user.
• the user is instructed to actuate the trigger when the user expects the next reference signal to be generated.
• computer 20 does not produce a guidance signal on headphones 28 that indicates to the user the relationship between the user's response on the trigger 22 and the reference signal.
• the test subject may only hear the reference sound, which is periodic.
• the reference beat is a musical tone, such as a cowbell, but, as will be set forth in detail below, may be other sounds as well.
• the present invention also comprehends the use of guidance signals, which may be aural or visual.
• the user may be provided only guidance signals and no reference signal.
• the user is instructed to perform various responses with each of the triggers 22a on each of the hands and alternating from hand-to-hand as well as foot trigger 22b with each of the feet and alternating from foot-to-foot.
• Computer 20 evaluates the responses of the user in order to identify various patterns of responses.
• Computer 20 attempts to match the pattern produced by the user to a series of parameters stored in database 30 and utilizes conventional data fitting software to determine the best fit between the pattern of the user and the pattern stored in database 30.
• Computer 20 retrieves the diagnosis and/or corrective intervention from database 30 corresponding to the selected pattern and displays the diagnosis, a corrective intervention, or both the diagnosis and a corrective intervention at 32 to the machine operator.
• the user inputs that may be performed on trigger 22 include the following: a) Clapping both hands together; b) tapping preferred hand; c) tapping non-preferred hand; d) alternating toe taps; e) taps with the preferred toe; f) taps with the non-preferred toe; g) alternating heel taps; h) taps with the preferred heel; i) taps with the non-preferred heel; j) alternating preferred hand/non- preferred toe taps; k) alternating non-preferred hand preferred toe taps; 1) balance on the preferred foot and tap with the non-preferred toe; and m) balance on the non-preferred foot and tap with the preferred toe.
• Timing assessment tool 12 may generate random distraction sounds in addition to the reference sounds.
• the reference sounds may be fixed or may be developed in response to the performance of the user.
• the distraction sounds can be used to mitigate a retest bias resulting from multiple performance of the test by a user.
• Database 30 is developed according to a data gathering method 34 (Fig. 3). A multiplicity of users are tested utilizing timing assessment tool 12 at 36.
• the testing is preferably a long-form pretest that is performed at the beginning of a training session on the device disclosed in the '744 patent and in the commonly assigned application and at the end of such training session.
• the test may be performed in combination with a training session or may be performed without such training.
• the test is preferably conducted without guide sounds provided to the user.
• a diagnosis for the individual is entered utilizing standard diagnostic codes, such as the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual DSM IV diagnostic codes provided by the American Psychiatric Association as well as other diagnostic codes known in the field.
• the diagnostic code indicates any diagnostic made for that individual, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Dyslexia, NVLD, tics, such as Tourette Syndrome (TS), Closed Head Injury (CHI), language disorder, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), Deficit and Attention Motor Control and Perception (DAMP), Language Impaired (LI), Aggressive- Hyperactive-Impulsive-Inattentive behavior (AHII), autism, Parkinson's disease, claustrophobia, and the like.
• ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder
• Dyslexia NVLD
• tics such as Tourette Syndrome (TS), Closed Head Injury (CHI), language disorder, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), Deficit and Attention Motor Control and Perception (DAMP), Language Impaired (LI), Aggressive- Hyperactive-Impulsive-Inattentive behavior (AHII), autism, Parkinson's disease, claustrophobia,
• the diagnosis is made on the basis of parental observation, then it may have a particular reliability weight. If the diagnosis is made in a clinical setting by a trained psychiatric professional, it may have a different weight.
• a statistical analysis such as a SPSS statistic analysis is performed on the data at 42 and a database is developed at 44. The statistical analysis is to examine among tests performed by users to determine if particular patterns correlate with particular diagnoses and interventions. Other statistical tools, such as SAS, Excel, and the like, may be used.
• Data may be entered at 46 utilizing any conventional technique, such as over the Internet. Confidentiality may be preserved by assigning a random number to each subject in order to avoid identifying the individual with a particular disorder.
• An example of a test data sheet is attached hereto as Appendix A.
• Database 44 may include three tables: (a) background table for users; (b) summary of performance by users on the time test; and (c) raw data of individual hits by users to the reference sounds.
• the inclusion of the third table allows researchers to perform additional statistical analyses on the data beyond that possible from the first two tables.
• all test results entered into the database are encrypted, such as by utilizing parity numbers. This provides a mechanism for detecting corruption of the database, such as by researchers tampering with test results.
• Timing assessment tool 12 analyzes the occurrences and gives a numeric value which represents the natural tempo of that user without any reference being used. This additional diagnostic number may provide additional data that could be applied to the database to find correlation to known diagnosed populations with particular disorders or disabilities.
• the invention further contemplates utilizing phonetic sounds as the reference in order to assist in diagnosing phonetic learning problems.
• phonetic sounds may include the T sound, the S sound, the Th sound, the Ch sound, and the like for a reference. While the full understanding of the manner in which neurological conflict diagnostic apparatus and corresponding methods operate is being developed, it is believed that the basis of operation is as follows. Children who perform well on the apparatus disclosed in the '744 patent have been shown to be able to focus on a particular task. Focus is the foundation of mental control. W en the brain focuses, it recruits neuro-multi-tasking functions to operate as a unit and maintains that unit throughout the task.
• Timing assessment tool 12 measures the brain's ability to recruit and maintain neuro connections during specific elementary motor tasks that are related to the certain functions within the brain.
• Disorders, or failures, of the brain produce particular symptoms which are behavioral in nature.
• the symptoms represent a failure of the person to learn in some manner.
• Overlap between portions of the brain involved in controlling the limbs operating the triggers of the timing assessment tool because of the variation in the manner in which the limbs are operated, causes some overlap with the portions of the brain having the disorders which produce the symptoms. It is not necessary to identify the portion of the brain causing the disorder. It is only necessary to correlate the pattern in the assessment performed on the timing assessment tool with the same pattern produced in other individuals and to identify the diagnosis of the other individuals.
• the neurological conflict diagnosis apparatus 10 measures deficiencies in certain multi-tasking functions over other multi-tasking functions which will correlate to outward symptoms, such as dyslexia, ADHD, cerebral palsy, autism, Parkinson's disease, and the like. Because certain parts of the brain are involved in both the outward symptoms and the pattern of testing, the diagnosis and, hence, the correlational diagnosis and/or corrective intervention will be revealed by the pattern produced by the testing.
• computer system 20 includes a mouse 50, keyboard 52, monitor 54 and printer 56.
• a hard drive 58 may contain the information in database 30, such as client data, task summary data, task detail data, and other data.
• An alternative computer system 20' includes a central processor 14a and a remote processor 14b.
• the central processor 14a may be dedicated to program administration, task management, data management, time sequence generation, and the like.
• Remote processor 14b may manage the input and output functions for the triggers 22a, 22b and user interface headphones 28. Remote processor 14b may also be responsible for generating the reference signals, distraction signals, guidance signals, and the like, provided to the user.
• a computer system 20" includes a central processor
• remote processor 14b' may include a keypad 60 and display 62. In this manner, remote processor 14b', keypad 60, and display 62 may be combined into a compact, portable device capable of being carried by the user, such as being attached to the user's belt, or the like, while the user wears headphones 28 and operates the triggers 22a and/or 22b.
• Remote processor 14b' may be connectable with central processor 14a' through a communication link 64 which may be a remote link, such as an infrared link, a radio frequency link, such as the Blue Tooth system marketed by Motorola Company, or other known remote link.
• central processor 14a' may be utilized to make changes to remote processor 14b' software and to process data generated at remote processor 14b'. Otherwise, remote processor 14b' may be operable in a standalone fashion.
• Fig. 7 An illustration of timing assessment carried out by time assessment apparatus 12 is illustrated in Fig. 7.
• the parameter I refers to the time that a reference signal is generated.
• the parameter R is an indication of the time at which another reference signal is generated. If a user's response occurs during interval "a,” the response is late with respect to the reference signal occurring at I. If the user's response occurs during interval "b,” the response is early with respect to the reference signal at R.
• the time intervals illustrated in Fig. 7 would be repeated for each sequence between occurrences of reference signals.
• the user response is deemed to be within the super difficulty range. This is considered a very accurate response. This may also be referred to as the "super right-on" range. If the user responds within the period of I + D, then the response is late with respect to reference signal I but within a difficulty range D. If a user responds within the range R - D, the response is deemed early with respect to reference signal R within the difficulty range D. If the user responds in the interval between I + D and R/2, the user response is deemed very late with respect to reference signal I.
• a program 64 carried out by timing assessment tool 12 begins with a data creation and input function including a graphical user interface 66 displayed on monitor 54 from which the user selects and launches a program at 68 (Fig. 8).
• a screen, or menu, for creating and opening files is displayed on monitor 54 at 70 and the user is prompted to select a function to perform at 72. If the user selects a new file at 74, the monitor displays data input screens at 76 such as those illustrated in Appendix A attached hereto. The program then provides for identifying the therapist at 78.
• the program proceeds to a mode and task selection function in which a screen is displayed at 80 for choosing a mode (Fig. 9).
• a mode and task selection function in which a screen is displayed at 80 for choosing a mode (Fig. 9).
• the screen is displayed for choosing a mode at 80, the user makes a selection 82 from among a short-form testing routine 84, a long-form testing routine 86, and a training routine 88.
• the long-form testing mode 86 is illustrated in Appendix A.
• the short-form testing mode 84 provides a quick diagnostic input tool with lower test/retest accuracy.
• the long-form testing mode includes a subset of the tests performed in the long-form testing mode, such as clapping both hands without guide sounds and clapping both hands with guide sounds. This shows auditory hypersensitivity when the user performs worse when the guide sounds are present.
• the short-form test may also be used to track user's session progress. In such case, the short-form test is performed at the beginning and end of each session.
• the long form is a series of preferably 14 to 16 tasks that are all performed preferably without guidance signals.
• the long form is preferably used when no rhythmicity training is anticipated or prior to and after rhythmicity training.
• the long-form testing mode can be used to measure the effectiveness of other physical and cognitive intervention not related to rhythmicity training.
• rhythmicity training mode 88 the user is presented with both reference sounds and guidance signals, or guidance signals alone, while the user is instructed to carry out various manipulations of hand sensor 22a and/or foot sensor 24b preferably under the guidance of a trained instructor or therapist.
• the appropriate tasks are displayed on monitor 54 at 90 and operating characteristics may be selected by the user at 92 based upon the selected task at 94.
• Program 64 then performs a timing interrupt processing function (Fig. 10).
• a timing interrupt processing function (Fig. 10).
• the user, or trainer selects a "start" function at 96, computer 20, 20', 20" recalls parameters D, S and R from memory at 98, 100, 102 and calculates the value of I based upon the recalled parameters at 104.
• the timer interrupt is initiated and the program begins at I (110).
• the program checks for a user actuation of a trigger (22a, 22b) at 112. If a user input is received at 112, the user input is processed at 114 (Fig. 11). If a user response is not received at 112, the program determines at 115 whether it is time to generate a reference signal.
• a reference signal (ON/OFF) is activated. If the reference signal function is activated at 116, then a reference signal is generated, such as with headphones 28, and supplied to the user.
• a counter has decremented to zero or the trainer selects a "stop" function.
• the counter is set at the beginning of each mode and typically has a length that is a function of the mode selected. If the counter has not equaled zero, the program proceeds to 108 where another tick is processed at 110 and the program checks for user inputs (112) and processes references tones (115). When it is determined at 118 that the counter equals zero or the trainer selects the "stop" function, the program returns to the mode choosing display screen (80).
• a temporal evaluation function is carried out at Fig. 11.
• a parameter A is updated.
• A is the average response, maintained in milliseconds, of the user with respect to the reference signal.
• the value of A may be displayed on monitor 54 for the purpose of monitoring by the therapist and recording in database 44. Although the use of an average response is illustrated, the database may store every response by the user in milliseconds early or milliseconds late.
• a parameter H is updated at 126. H is the number of user inputs conducted during the particular test.
• the super difficulty range is from 15 milliseconds before occurrence of the reference signal to 15 milliseconds after. However, it could extend to as low as between 5 milliseconds before and after occurrence of the reference signal. This provides an indication to the user, who would hear only the reference signal and no guide signal, that the user has produced a response in the super difficulty range. If the requirements of 128 are not met, it is determined at 136 whether E is greater than I + D and less than R 2.
• the user response is determined to be very late at 138 and an appropriate guidance signal is generated at 134 if the particular mode calls for the generation of guidance signals. If the condition of 136 is not met, it is determined at 140 whether E is greater than R/2 and less than R - D. If so, it is determined that a very early response is received at 142 and an appropriate guidance tone will be generated at 134 if guidance tones are being generated.
• the condition at 140 is not met, it is determined at 144 whether E is greater than R - D and less than R. If so, it is determined at 146 that an early response has been received and it is determined at 148 whether the response is prior to the super difficulty range. If so, an appropriate guidance tone is generated at 134 if guidance tones are being generated. If it is determined at 148 that E is between R - S and R, no guidance tone is generated even if guidance tones are being generated. This is an indication to the user that the user's response is within the super difficulty range.
• the present invention provides an objective tool which provides the therapist with the ability to establish a diagnosis and/or corrective intervention for a child long before the neurological conflicts blossom into full learning disabilities. In this manner, the self- esteem and academic performance of the child can progress normally without the one or four lost years which are common with conventional diagnostic procedures. Furthermore, a diagnostic technique, according to the invention, significantly reduces administrator reliance on empirical observations and reduces subjective error potential.
• the present invention provides the ability to distinguish among different conflicts.
• the present invention operates on subconscious awareness, rather than the known diagnostic system which operates on conscious awareness. Because the present invention utilizes rhythmic reference sounds, it is enjoyable to use. It also does not tend to easily generate frustration in the user, unlike known systems which easily frustrate users, especially ones most prone to the conflict being tested.
• the present invention also provides a diagnostic tool which utilizes the same general technique used for improving performance in the same underlying neurological conflict that is being diagnosed. Thus, after a diagnosis is made, an intervention may be prescribed using the same timing instrument.
• the present invention measures a fundamental parameter of the user that operates at an underlying level of the neurological system. In particular, the invention measures habits, which prevent users from optimally using the fundamental planning and sequencing mechanisms within their brains which control the natural timing patterns of their actions and thoughts.
• the invention may also be used to measure user's distractibility, such as their ability to ignore internal thoughts and external stimuli which interfere with their ability to stay on task.
• Distractibility may also include the ability to focus attention on a single stimulus or task over both short and long periods without being interrupted by internal thoughts or external stimuli.
• Body Weight . pounds
• Handedness Present a ball or other object to client at vertical midline of body. Observe which hand is used. Do three times and accept the hand used 2 or 3 times within the three trials.
• Footedness Place ball on floor in front of client at vertical midline of the body. Ask client to walk or run toward the ball and softly kick the ball. Repeat three times and accept the foot used 2 or 3 times within the three trials. 2) Parent/Guardian Provided Information
• Disassociative No definite pattern of hits. Performance involves skipped hits and multiple hits between beats.
• Hyperbaliistic Trainer and/or Trigger may be used to measure ballistic motions of the patient operating the triggers Compute means and standard deviations.
• Limb movements lack smooth control Movements are snappy, quick, or jerky (ballistic) in nature and lack continuous motion
• Hyperanticipatory Mean standard deviation and number of hits that fall in the -555 to 0ms interval.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
• Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
• Educational Technology (AREA)
• Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Psychology (AREA)
• Social Psychology (AREA)
• Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
• Medical Treatment And Welfare Office Work (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=26913773

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (7)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2000
  • 2000-08-11 WO PCT/US2000/021855 patent/WO2001012058A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-08-11 CN CNB008116253A patent/CN1229072C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-08-11 EP EP00955428A patent/EP1213993A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-08-11 AU AU67637/00A patent/AU769892B2/en not_active Expired
  • 2000-08-11 JP JP2001516406A patent/JP2003520067A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events