EP1213345B1 - Process for wet cleaning of articles - Google Patents

Process for wet cleaning of articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1213345B1
EP1213345B1 EP01128900A EP01128900A EP1213345B1 EP 1213345 B1 EP1213345 B1 EP 1213345B1 EP 01128900 A EP01128900 A EP 01128900A EP 01128900 A EP01128900 A EP 01128900A EP 1213345 B1 EP1213345 B1 EP 1213345B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cleaning
predetermined conditions
liquid
water
cleaning liquid
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1213345A1 (en
Inventor
Oskar Dr. Wack
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Drok Wack Chemie GmbH
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Drok Wack Chemie GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/50—Solvents
    • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
    • C11D7/5022—Organic solvents containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the liquid cleaning of objects.
  • cleaning tasks be it to clean objects made of metal, glass, ceramic, plastic or composite contaminants for reuse of the objects in a clean state, for example in the hospital or household sector, be it for cleaning objects within manufacturing processes where process engineering, such as painting, soldering, welding, etc., requires clean surfaces, or to clean textiles, to name just a few examples.
  • process engineering such as painting, soldering, welding, etc.
  • textiles to name just a few examples.
  • contaminants such as inorganic dirt, such as pigment dirt or dirt with ionic salts, which is well removed from water, organic dirt in the form of residues of food, fats, lapping and polishing pastes, solder pastes, adhesives, etc., and a variety Combinations of the types of dirt mentioned by way of example.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for the liquid cleaning of objects, are achieved with the excellent cleaning effects and in which the amount of required solvent or solvents or organic components is further reduced.
  • the invention uses the known from the above-mentioned DE 199 08 434 A1 knowledge that cleaning fluids with at least two components that are tuned to the respective pollution, then clean particularly efficient, if the two components under certain first conditions, for example, under certain pressure and Temperature conditions, in the existing concentrations form a miscibility gap.
  • miscibility gap forms two liquids if they are not infinitely miscible with each other; This gives two liquid phases in which the components of the liquid are present in different compositions, for example, the one component is largely in one phase and the other component is largely in the other phase.
  • a miscibility gap can be manifested by the fact that the clear liquid becomes turbid with a temperature change or forms an emulsion which indicates the phase separation.
  • the haze or emulsion is not a necessary indication of a miscibility gap;
  • microemulsions in which the two phases are so finely distributed that the liquid is optically still clear.
  • a liquid composed of two components in the state of a miscibility gap generally has a better detergency than the two individual components when they are used in pure or high concentration successively. It is possible that the superior cleaning effect of liquids in the state of a miscibility gap is due to interactions at the interfaces between the two phases and possibly additional mechanical effects due to the often by means of ultrasound or agitator in clear motion conditioned droplets conditioned.
  • the use of the liquid in the state of the miscibility gap thus enables both a cleaning effect as well as with regard to the duration and in terms of the required amounts of the individual components advantageous cleaning.
  • the cleaning liquid can remain in use for as long as possible, it must be freed from the impurities absorbed by it.
  • this is achieved by the cleaning liquid being changed from the state of the miscibility gap to the state of a true mixture, i. a homogeneous state is brought.
  • the contaminants can be removed by a filter depending on the nature (in particular, inorganic, pigment-containing contaminants) or the fact that the contaminants accumulate due to their density different from the liquid at the bottom or on the surface of the liquid and are withdrawn from there (especially greasy soiling).
  • a filter depending on the nature (in particular, inorganic, pigment-containing contaminants) or the fact that the contaminants accumulate due to their density different from the liquid at the bottom or on the surface of the liquid and are withdrawn from there (especially greasy soiling).
  • a filter depending on the nature (in particular, inorganic, pigment-containing contaminants) or the fact that the contaminants accumulate due to their density different from the liquid at the bottom or on the surface of the liquid and are withdrawn from there (especially greasy soil
  • the composition of the cleaning liquid is adapted to the respective cleaning problem, wherein it is only mandatory to select those components which form a miscibility gap under first predetermined conditions and mix under second predetermined conditions.
  • the advantage is achieved that both inorganic and organic soil can be solved, the organic component may often be present in relatively small concentration and still cleans as if it were present in high concentration.
  • a very good cleaning action for a wide range of types of soiling is achieved with the features of claim 3, wherein numerous organic components having molecules with lipophilic and hydrophilic groups form a miscibility gap with water.
  • a cleaning method is provided in which the cleaning liquid consists for the most part of water.
  • the method according to claim 6 is particularly advantageous because the cleaning effect at higher temperature is usually better than at low temperature.
  • the claim 7 indicates an embodiment of the method, which is particularly effective with respect to the separation of dirt from the cleaning liquid.
  • the inventive method is particularly suitable for all liquid cleaning, where no chemical reaction between the pollution and the cleaning liquid takes place, which changes the molecular composition of the cleaning liquid.
  • the cleaning liquid in the state of the miscibility gap is a medium with which contaminants are effectively transferred from the contaminated surface to the cleaning liquid.
  • the conversion of the cleaning liquid from the state of the miscibility gap to the state of the homogeneous mixture is the key to effectively removing the contaminants from the liquid contained in the cleaning liquid.
  • the cleaning liquid advantageously used to clean such articles contains water and an organic component in relative amounts of (100-x ) Wt .-%: x wt .-%, wherein x in the range 0 ⁇ 35, preferably in the range 3 ⁇ x ⁇ 25, particularly preferably in the range 4 ⁇ x ⁇ 15.
  • the organic component preferably contains molecules with hydrophilic and lipophilic groups.
  • the cleaning liquid contains 90% by weight of water and 10% by weight of glycol ether, preferably dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether.
  • the predetermined cleaning liquid is contained in a cleaning tank 2 from which a line 6 provided with a flow rate control pump 4 leads into a separation tank 8.
  • the separating vessel 8 is connected via an overflow 9 to a collecting container 10, from which a return line 14 provided with a pump 12 leads through a filter device 16 back to the cleaning container 2.
  • an agitator 16 for example, a stirrer and / or an ultrasonic device included.
  • Each of the containers 2, 8 and 10 is provided with its own tempering device 18, by means of which the temperatures of the containers can be kept independently of one another at a predetermined value.
  • Above the cleaning container 2 is a transport device 20 for receiving the objects to be cleaned.
  • the above-described cleaning liquid is optically clear at room temperature, i. the organic component forms a real mix with the water.
  • the cleaning fluid is heated to 40 °, turbidity sets in, indicating that the solubility of the organics component in the water has been exceeded and a two-phase system is forming, with organically rich droplets in a continuous aqueous phase.
  • the cleaning container 2 is maintained at a temperature of 40 ° and the cleaning liquid in it is intensively swirled with the agitator 16.
  • the transport device 20 is lowered into the cleaning container 2, so that the objects to be cleaned come into intensive contact with the cleaning liquid located in the state of the miscibility gap.
  • the cleaning liquid is pumped out continuously by means of the pump 4 in the separation vessel 8, which is maintained at a temperature of only 20 °, so that the contaminated cleaning liquid is present there in the state of the real mixture.
  • Organic dirt which is specifically lighter than the liquid settles on the surface and can be removed with a rake 22 or other means. Specifically heavier dirt settles on the bottom of the separation vessel 8 and can be withdrawn there by means not shown, known per se.
  • the cleaning liquid passes through the overflow 9 in the collecting container 10, which is also held at 20 °, so that the cleaning liquid in the state of the mixture remains.
  • the cleaning liquid is pumped out with the pump 12 and flows through a filter device 19, is removed in the inorganic or particle dirt by filtering.
  • the cleaned in this way of contamination cleaning liquid gets back into the cleaning container 2, where it comes again in contact with the objects to be cleaned.
  • the cleaning process lasts until the objects are freed from all dirt, whereupon the transport device 20 is removed from the cleaning container 2.
  • the described device can be modified in many ways.
  • the transport device 20 can subsequently still be moved into a rinsing container with hot water and / or a drying container.
  • the cleaning liquid does not necessarily have to be pumped continuously, but the removal of the impurities absorbed by it can be done batchwise.
  • the cleaning liquid serves as a transport medium for the impurities by removing them from the objects in the cleaning container 2 and receiving, then discharges in the separation vessel 8 by deposition and emits in the filter device 19 by filtering.
  • the described system can be modified to the effect that, for example, in a dishwasher or washing machine in the cleaning container, the method described above, the cleaning liquid is pumped out of the cleaning tank in a buffer tank, where it is stored, while in the cleaning tank run only rinsing. Subsequently, the cleaning liquid for cleaning other objects can be pumped back into the cleaning tank. In this way, the cleaning liquid can be used several times to clean objects and must only be sharpened occasionally. The separated impurities can be removed with the rinse water.
  • the miscibility gap at room temperature is between 5% and 82% glycol ethers in 95% and 18% water, respectively.
  • MPC Multi Phase Cleaning
  • the concentration of the organic component which is advantageously used in the respective liquid, and the temperature above the due to the stable miscibility gap a good Cleaning effect is achieved.
  • the liquid is advantageously cooled to room temperature. It is interesting that with Concentrations are worked, the slight, z. B. 0.1 to 0.2% below the concentration at which the miscibility gap begins at room temperature.
  • glycol ethers

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Flüssigreinigen von Gegenständen.The invention relates to a method for the liquid cleaning of objects.

In der Praxis stellen sich an den unterschiedlichsten Stellen Reinigungsaufgaben, sei es zum Reinigen von Gegenständen aus Metall, Glas, Keramik, Kunststoff oder Verbundstoffen von Verschmutzungen zur Wiederverwendung der Gegenstände in sauberem Zustand, beispielsweise im Krankenhaus- oder Haushaltsbereich, sei es zum Reinigen von Gegenständen innerhalb von Fertigungsprozessen, in denen die Prozeßtechnik, wie Lackieren, Löten, Schweißen usw. saubere Oberflächen fordert, oder sei es zum Reinigen von Textilien, um nur einige Beispiele zu erwähnen. Dabei müssen unterschiedlichste Verschmutzungen entfernt werden, beispielsweise anorganischer Schmutz, wie Pigmentschmutz oder Schmutz mit ionischen Salzen, der gut von Wasser entfernt wird, organischer Schmutz in Form von Rückständen von Speisen, Fetten, Läpp- und Polierpasten, Lötpasten, Klebern usw., sowie unterschiedlichste Kombinationen der beispielhaft genannten Schmutzarten.In practice, at various points cleaning tasks, be it to clean objects made of metal, glass, ceramic, plastic or composite contaminants for reuse of the objects in a clean state, for example in the hospital or household sector, be it for cleaning objects within manufacturing processes where process engineering, such as painting, soldering, welding, etc., requires clean surfaces, or to clean textiles, to name just a few examples. It must be removed a variety of contaminants, such as inorganic dirt, such as pigment dirt or dirt with ionic salts, which is well removed from water, organic dirt in the form of residues of food, fats, lapping and polishing pastes, solder pastes, adhesives, etc., and a variety Combinations of the types of dirt mentioned by way of example.

Für jeweilige Schmutzarten gibt es unterschiedlichste Lösungsmittel, die den jeweiligen Schmutz besonders gut lösen, wobei solche Lösungsmittel nicht nur teuer sind, sondern häufig auch eine schlechte Umweltverträglichkeit aufweisen, so daß mit ihnen möglichst sparsam umgegangen werden muß.For each type of dirt there are a variety of solvents that solve the particular dirt particularly well, such solvents are not only expensive, but often also have a poor environmental impact, so that they must be handled as sparingly as possible.

Aus der DE 199 08 434 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Flüssigreinigen von Gegenständen bekannt, bei dem die zu reinigenden Gegenstände in intensive Berührung mit einer Reinigungsflüssigkeit gebracht werden, die ein organisches Lösungsmittel mit guten Lösungseigenschaften für den zu entfernenden Schmutz aufweist und die in Form einer Emulsion des Typs Lösungsmittel in Wasser vorliegt. Mit einer solchen wässrigen Emulsion lässt sich trotz verhältnismäßig kleiner Konzentrationen des Lösungsmittels organischer Schmutz als auch, wegen des Wassergehalts, anorganischer Schmutz wirksam entfernen. Entfernter Schmutz soll sich an der Oberfläche der Reinigungsflüssigkeit absetzen und von dort abgezogen werden, damit die Reinigungsflüssigkeit bzw. das darin enthaltene Lösungsmittel nur wenig nachgeschärft werden muß.From DE 199 08 434 A1 a method for the liquid cleaning of objects is known in which the objects to be cleaned are brought into intensive contact with a cleaning liquid which has an organic solvent with good dissolving properties for the dirt to be removed and in the form of an emulsion of the type solvent in water. With such an aqueous emulsion, despite relatively small concentrations of the solvent, it is possible to effectively remove organic dirt as well as, because of the water content, inorganic dirt. Removed dirt should settle on the surface of the cleaning liquid and be withdrawn from there, so that the cleaning liquid or the solvent contained therein has to be resharpened little.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Flüssigreinigen von Gegenständen zu schaffen, mit dem ausgezeichnete Reinigungswirkungen erzielt werden und bei dem die Menge an erforderlichem Lösungsmittel bzw. Lösungsmitteln oder organischen Komponenten weiter vermindert wird.The invention has for its object to provide a method for the liquid cleaning of objects, are achieved with the excellent cleaning effects and in which the amount of required solvent or solvents or organic components is further reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst.This object is achieved with the features of the main claim.

Die Erfindung nutzt die aus der genannten DE 199 08 434 A1 bekannte Erkenntnis, daß Reinigungsflüssigkeiten mit wenigstens zwei Komponenten, die auf die jeweilige Verschmutzung abgestimmt sind, dann besonders effizient reinigen, wenn die beiden Komponenten unter bestimmten ersten Bedingungen, beispielsweise unter bestimmten Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen, in den vorhandenen Konzentrationen eine Mischungslücke bilden.The invention uses the known from the above-mentioned DE 199 08 434 A1 knowledge that cleaning fluids with at least two components that are tuned to the respective pollution, then clean particularly efficient, if the two components under certain first conditions, for example, under certain pressure and Temperature conditions, in the existing concentrations form a miscibility gap.

Für Definitionszwecke wird im Folgenden unter "Mischung" ein aus zwei oder mehreren Molekülarten bestehendes System verstanden, dessen chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften räumlich konstant sind (homogenes System). Eine Lösung ist eine Mischung, bei der ein Stoff bzw. eine Molekülart im Überschuß vorhanden ist. Eine Mischungslücke bilden zwei Flüssigkeiten dann, wenn sie nicht unbegrenzt miteinander mischbar sind; man erhält dann zwei flüssige Phasen, in denen die Komponenten der Flüssigkeit in unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung vorhanden sind, beispielsweise die eine Komponente weitgehend in der einen Phase und die andere Komponente weitgehend in der anderen Phase ist. Eine Mischungslücke kann sich dadurch bemerkbar machen, daß die klare Flüssigkeit bei einer Temperaturänderung trübe wird bzw. eine Emulsion bildet, die auf die Phasentrennung hinweist. Die Trübung bzw. die Emulsion ist jedoch nicht ein notwendiges Indiz für eine Mischungslücke; es gibt sog. Mikroemulsionen, in denen die beiden Phasen derart fein verteilt sind, daß die Flüssigkeit optisch weiterhin klar ist.For definition purposes, "mixture" is understood below to mean a system consisting of two or more types of molecules whose chemical and physical properties are spatially constant (homogeneous system). A solution is a mixture in which a substance or a type of molecule is present in excess. A miscibility gap forms two liquids if they are not infinitely miscible with each other; This gives two liquid phases in which the components of the liquid are present in different compositions, for example, the one component is largely in one phase and the other component is largely in the other phase. A miscibility gap can be manifested by the fact that the clear liquid becomes turbid with a temperature change or forms an emulsion which indicates the phase separation. However, the haze or emulsion is not a necessary indication of a miscibility gap; There are so-called microemulsions in which the two phases are so finely distributed that the liquid is optically still clear.

Aufgrund bisher nicht voll verstandener Phänomene weist im allgemeinen eine aus zwei Komponenten zusammengesetzte Flüssigkeit im Zustand einer Mischungslücke ein besseres Reinigungsvermögen auf als die beiden einzelnen Komponenten, wenn sie rein oder hochkonzentriert nacheinander angewandt werden. Möglicherweise ist die überlegene Reinigungswirkung von im Zustand einer Mischungslücke befindlichen Flüssigkeiten durch Wechselwirkungen an den Grenzflächen zwischen den beiden Phasen und ggf. zusätzlich mechanische Effekte aufgrund der häufig mittels Ultraschall oder eines Rührwerks in deutlicher Bewegung gehaltenen Tröpfchen bedingt. Die Verwendung der Flüssigkeit im Zustand der Mischungslücke ermöglicht somit sowohl eine hinsichtlich ihrer Reinigungswirkung als auch hinsichtlich der Zeitdauer und hinsichtlich der benötigten Mengen der einzelnen Komponenten vorteilhafte Reinigung.Due to hitherto incompletely understood phenomena, a liquid composed of two components in the state of a miscibility gap generally has a better detergency than the two individual components when they are used in pure or high concentration successively. It is possible that the superior cleaning effect of liquids in the state of a miscibility gap is due to interactions at the interfaces between the two phases and possibly additional mechanical effects due to the often by means of ultrasound or agitator in clear motion conditioned droplets conditioned. The use of the liquid in the state of the miscibility gap thus enables both a cleaning effect as well as with regard to the duration and in terms of the required amounts of the individual components advantageous cleaning.

Damit die Reinigungsflüssigkeit möglichst lange im Gebrauch bleiben kann, muß sie von den von ihr aufgenommenen Verunreinigungen befreit werden. Erfindungsgemäß geschieht das dadurch, daß die Reinigungsflüssigkeit aus dem Zustand der Mischungslücke in den Zustand einer echten Mischung, d.h. einen homogenen Zustand, gebracht wird. Aus dieser homogenen Flüssigkeit können die Verschmutzungen je nach Eigenart mittels eines Filters entfernt werden (insbesondere anorganische, pigmenthaltige Verschmutzungen) oder dadurch, daß sich die Verschmutzungen infolge ihrer von der Flüssigkeit verschiedenen Dichte am Boden oder an der Oberfläche der Flüssigkeit ansammeln und von dort abgezogen werden (insbesondere fetthaltige Verschmutzungen). Wenn eine Filterung oder ein Abscheiden der Flüssigkeit dagegen im Zustand der Mischungslücke erfolgt, wird dabei auch ein Großteil zumindest derjenigen Komponente abgetrennt, die eine jeweilige Verschmutzung in sich oder an ihrer Grenzfläche bindet.So that the cleaning liquid can remain in use for as long as possible, it must be freed from the impurities absorbed by it. According to the invention, this is achieved by the cleaning liquid being changed from the state of the miscibility gap to the state of a true mixture, i. a homogeneous state is brought. From this homogeneous liquid, the contaminants can be removed by a filter depending on the nature (in particular, inorganic, pigment-containing contaminants) or the fact that the contaminants accumulate due to their density different from the liquid at the bottom or on the surface of the liquid and are withdrawn from there (especially greasy soiling). On the other hand, if filtration or deposition of the liquid takes place in the state of the miscibility gap, a large part of at least that component which binds a respective contamination in itself or at its boundary surface is also separated off.

Insgesamt ist durch die gezielte Umwandlung der Reinigungsflüssigkeit einerseits in den Zustand der Mischungslücke zum Reinigen und andererseits in den Zustand der echten Mischung zur Abtrennung der Verschmutzungen ein effizientes Verfahren zur Flüssigreinigung von Gegenständen geschaffen, das bei weitgehender Rezyklierbarkeit der Reinigungsflüssigkeit (Abtrennen von Verschmutzungen) eine wirksame Reinigung unterschiedlichster Gegenstände ermöglicht. Es versteht sich, daß die Zusammensetzung der Reinigungsflüssigkeit auf das jeweilige Reinigungsproblem abgestimmt wird, wobei lediglich zwingend ist, solche Komponenten auszuwählen, die unter ersten vorbestimmten Bedingungen eine Mischungslücke bilden und unter zweiten vorbestimmten Bedingungen sich mischen.Overall, by the targeted conversion of the cleaning liquid on the one hand in the state of the miscibility gap for cleaning and on the other hand in the state of the real mixture for the separation of the contaminants created an efficient method for liquid cleaning of objects, with an extensive recyclability of the cleaning liquid (removal of dirt) an effective Cleaning of different objects allows. It is understood that the composition of the cleaning liquid is adapted to the respective cleaning problem, wherein it is only mandatory to select those components which form a miscibility gap under first predetermined conditions and mix under second predetermined conditions.

Mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß sowohl anorganischer als auch organischer Schmutz gelöst werden können, wobei die organische Komponente häufig in verhältnismäßig kleiner Konzentration vorliegen kann und dennoch so reinigt, als wäre sie in hoher Konzentration vorhanden.With the features of claim 2, the advantage is achieved that both inorganic and organic soil can be solved, the organic component may often be present in relatively small concentration and still cleans as if it were present in high concentration.

Eine sehr gute Reinigungswirkung für eine breite Palette von Verschmutzungsarten wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 3 erzielt, wobei zahlreiche organische Komponenten, die Moleküle mit lipophilen und hydrophilen Gruppen aufweisen, mit Wasser eine Mischungslücke bilden.A very good cleaning action for a wide range of types of soiling is achieved with the features of claim 3, wherein numerous organic components having molecules with lipophilic and hydrophilic groups form a miscibility gap with water.

Mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 4 wird ein Reinigungsverfahren geschaffen, bei dem die Reinigungsflüssigkeit zum überwiegenden Teil aus Wasser besteht.With the features of claim 4, a cleaning method is provided in which the cleaning liquid consists for the most part of water.

Besonders einfach ist die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wenn der Zustand der Mischungslücke in den Zustand der Mischung durch bloße Temperaturänderung übergeht. Andere Möglichkeiten, die beiden Zustände ineinander umzuwandeln, bestehen in einer Druckänderung, in einer besonders intensiven Agitation, z. B. mittels Ultraschall, durch eingebrachte Verunreinigungen, die zu einer Verschiebung eines Gleichgewichts führen bzw. dazu, daß ein labiler Zustand plötzlich in einen stabilen übergeht, usw.Particularly simple is the implementation of the method according to the invention, when the state of the miscibility gap merges into the state of the mixture by mere temperature change. Other possibilities of transforming the two states into one another consist in a change of pressure, in a particularly intense agitation, for B. by means of ultrasound, introduced by impurities, which lead to a shift of an equilibrium or to the fact that a labile state suddenly turns into a stable, etc.

Das Verfahren gemäß dem Anspruch 6 ist besonders vorteilhaft, da die Reinigungswirkung bei höherer Temperatur meistens besser ist als bei niedriger Temperatur.The method according to claim 6 is particularly advantageous because the cleaning effect at higher temperature is usually better than at low temperature.

Der Anspruch 7 kennzeichnet eine Ausführungsform des Verfahrens, die bezüglich der Schmutzabtrennung aus der Reinigungsflüssigkeit besonders wirksam ist.The claim 7 indicates an embodiment of the method, which is particularly effective with respect to the separation of dirt from the cleaning liquid.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere für alle Flüssigreinigungen, bei denen keine chemische Reaktion zwischen der Verschmutzung und der Reinigungsflüssigkeit abläuft, die die molekulare Zusammensetzung der Reinigungsflüssigkeit verändert. Die Reinigungsflüssigkeit im Zustand der Mischungslücke ist ein Medium, mit dem Verunreinigungen wirksam von der verunreinigten Oberfläche in die Reinigungsflüssigkeit überführt werden. Die Umwandlung der Reinigungsflüssigkeit vom Zustand der Mischungslücke in den Zustand der homogenen Mischung ist der Schlüssel dafür, die in der Reinigungsflüssigkeit enthaltenen Verunreinigungen aus der Flüssigkeit wirksam zu entfernen.The inventive method is particularly suitable for all liquid cleaning, where no chemical reaction between the pollution and the cleaning liquid takes place, which changes the molecular composition of the cleaning liquid. The cleaning liquid in the state of the miscibility gap is a medium with which contaminants are effectively transferred from the contaminated surface to the cleaning liquid. The conversion of the cleaning liquid from the state of the miscibility gap to the state of the homogeneous mixture is the key to effectively removing the contaminants from the liquid contained in the cleaning liquid.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Beispiels und der beigefügten einzigen Figur erläutert, die eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens darstellt.The invention is explained below with reference to an example and the accompanying single figure, which represents an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention.

In dem dargestellten Beispiel sollen elektronische Bauteile von Verunreinigungen gereinigt werden, die den Widerstand zwischen Kontaktstellen beeinflussen und/oder die Bauteile feuchtigkeitsanfällig machen, da sie beispielsweise hygroskopisch sind. Solche Verschmutzungen sind beispielsweise Reste von SMD-Klebern (SMD = Surface Mounted Device), Reste von Lötpasten, Flußmittelrückstände usw. Die Reinigungsflüssigkeit, die zum Reinigen solcher Gegenstände vorteilhafterweise verwendet wird, enthält Wasser und eine organische Komponente in relativen Mengen von (100-x)-Gew.-%: x Gew.-%, wobei x im Bereich 0 ≤ 35, bevorzugt im Bereich 3 ≤ x ≤ 25, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich 4 ≤ x ≤ 15 liegt. Die organische Komponente enthält bevorzugt Moleküle mit hydrophilen und lipophilen Gruppen.In the illustrated example, electronic components are to be cleaned of impurities that affect the resistance between contact points and / or make the components susceptible to moisture, since they are, for example, hygroscopic. Such contaminants are, for example, residues of SMD (Surface Mounted Device) adhesives, solder paste residues, flux residues, etc. The cleaning liquid advantageously used to clean such articles contains water and an organic component in relative amounts of (100-x ) Wt .-%: x wt .-%, wherein x in the range 0 ≤ 35, preferably in the range 3 ≤ x ≤ 25, particularly preferably in the range 4 ≤ x ≤ 15. The organic component preferably contains molecules with hydrophilic and lipophilic groups.

Im beschriebenen Beispiel enthält die Reinigungsflüssigkeit 90 Gew.-% Wasser und 10 Gew.-% Glykolether, bevorzugt Dipropylenglykolmöno-n-propylether.In the example described, the cleaning liquid contains 90% by weight of water and 10% by weight of glycol ether, preferably dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether.

Die vorbestimmte Reinigungsflüssigkeit ist in einem Reinigungsbehälter 2 enthalten, von dem eine mit einer Pumpe 4 zur Steuerung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit versehene Leitung 6 in einen Abscheidebehälter 8 führt. Der Abscheidebehälter 8 ist über einen Überlauf 9 mit einem Sammelbehälter 10 verbunden, von dem eine mit einer Pumpe 12 versehene Rücklaufleitung 14 durch eine Filtereinrichtung 16 hindurch zurück zu dem Reinigungsbehälter 2 führt. In dem Reinigungsbehälter 2 ist eine Agitationseinrichtung 16, beispielsweise ein Rührwerk und/oder eine Ultraschalleinrichtung, enthalten. Jeder der Behälter 2, 8 und 10 ist mit einer eigenen Temperiereinrichtung 18 versehen, mittels derer die Temperaturen der Behälter unabhängig voneinander auf einem vorbestimmten Wert gehalten werden können. Über dem Reinigungsbehälter 2 befindet sich eine Transporteinrichtung 20 zur Aufnahme der zu reinigenden Gegenstände.The predetermined cleaning liquid is contained in a cleaning tank 2 from which a line 6 provided with a flow rate control pump 4 leads into a separation tank 8. The separating vessel 8 is connected via an overflow 9 to a collecting container 10, from which a return line 14 provided with a pump 12 leads through a filter device 16 back to the cleaning container 2. In the cleaning container 2 is an agitator 16, for example, a stirrer and / or an ultrasonic device included. Each of the containers 2, 8 and 10 is provided with its own tempering device 18, by means of which the temperatures of the containers can be kept independently of one another at a predetermined value. Above the cleaning container 2 is a transport device 20 for receiving the objects to be cleaned.

Die Funktion der beschriebenen Vorrichtung, die insgesamt unter Umgebungsdruck arbeitet, ist folgende:The function of the described device, which operates under ambient pressure as a whole, is as follows:

Die vorbeschriebene Reinigungsflüssigkeit ist bei Zimmertemperatur optisch klar, d.h. die Organik-Komponente bildet mit dem Wasser eine echte Mischung. Wenn die Reinigungsflüssigkeit auf 40° erwärmt wird, setzt eine Trübung ein, was anzeigt, daß die Löslichkeit der Organik-Komponente im Wasser überschritten ist und sich ein Zwei-Phasen-System ausbildet, mit organik-reichen Tröpfchen in einer kontinuierlichen wässrigen Phase. Der Reinigungsbehälter 2 wird auf einer Temperatur von 40° gehalten und die in ihm befindliche Reinigungsflüssigkeit wird mit der Agitationseinrichtung 16 intensiv verwirbelt. Die Transporteinrichtung 20 wird in den Reinigungsbehälter 2 abgesenkt, so daß die zu reinigenden Gegenstände in intensiven Kontakt mit der im Zustand der Mischungslücke befindlichen Reinigungsflüssigkeit kommen. Die Reinigungsflüssigkeit wird dabei kontinuierlich mittels der Pumpe 4 in den Abscheidebehälter 8 abgepumpt, der auf einer Temperatur von lediglich 20° gehalten wird, so daß die verunreinigte Reinigungsflüssigkeit dort im Zustand der echten Mischung vorhanden ist. Organischer Schmutz, der spezifisch leichter ist als die Flüssigkeit, setzt sich an der Oberfläche ab und kann mit einem Rechen 22 oder einer sonstigen Einrichtung abgenommen werden. Spezifisch schwererer Schmutz setzt sich am Boden des Abscheidebehälters 8 ab und kann dort mittels einer nicht dargestellten, an sich bekannten Einrichtung abgezogen werden.The above-described cleaning liquid is optically clear at room temperature, i. the organic component forms a real mix with the water. When the cleaning fluid is heated to 40 °, turbidity sets in, indicating that the solubility of the organics component in the water has been exceeded and a two-phase system is forming, with organically rich droplets in a continuous aqueous phase. The cleaning container 2 is maintained at a temperature of 40 ° and the cleaning liquid in it is intensively swirled with the agitator 16. The transport device 20 is lowered into the cleaning container 2, so that the objects to be cleaned come into intensive contact with the cleaning liquid located in the state of the miscibility gap. The cleaning liquid is pumped out continuously by means of the pump 4 in the separation vessel 8, which is maintained at a temperature of only 20 °, so that the contaminated cleaning liquid is present there in the state of the real mixture. Organic dirt, which is specifically lighter than the liquid settles on the surface and can be removed with a rake 22 or other means. Specifically heavier dirt settles on the bottom of the separation vessel 8 and can be withdrawn there by means not shown, known per se.

Aus dem Abscheidebehälter 8, in dem die im Zustand der echten Mischung befindliche Reinigungsflüssigkeit möglichst wenig in Bewegung ist, läuft die Reinigungsflüssigkeit über den Überlauf 9 in den Sammelbehälter 10 über, der ebenfalls auf 20° gehalten wird, so daß die Reinigungsflüssigkeit im Zustand der Mischung bleibt. Aus dem Sammelbehälter 10 wird die Reinigungsflüssigkeit mit der Pumpe 12 abgepumpt und durchströmt eine Filtereinrichtung 19, in der anorganischer bzw. Partikelschmutz durch Filterung entfernt wird. Die auf diese Weise von Verschmutzungen gereinigte Reinigungsflüssigkeit gelangt zurück in den Reinigungsbehälter 2, wo sie erneut mit den zu reinigenden Gegenständen in Berührung kommt. Der Reinigungsvorgang dauert so lange, bis die Gegenstände von allen Verschmutzungen befreit sind, woraufhin die Transporteinrichtung 20 aus dem Reinigungsbehälter 2 entfernt wird.From the separating vessel 8, in which the cleaning liquid in the state of the true mixture is as little as possible in motion, the cleaning liquid passes through the overflow 9 in the collecting container 10, which is also held at 20 °, so that the cleaning liquid in the state of the mixture remains. From the collecting container 10, the cleaning liquid is pumped out with the pump 12 and flows through a filter device 19, is removed in the inorganic or particle dirt by filtering. The cleaned in this way of contamination cleaning liquid gets back into the cleaning container 2, where it comes again in contact with the objects to be cleaned. The cleaning process lasts until the objects are freed from all dirt, whereupon the transport device 20 is removed from the cleaning container 2.

Es versteht sich, daß die beschriebene Vorrichtung in vielfältiger Weise abgeändert werden kann. Beispielsweise kann die Transporteinrichtung 20 anschließend noch in einen Spülbehälter mit heißem Wasser und/oder einen Trocknungsbehälter bewegt werden. Des weiteren muß die Reinigungsflüssigkeit nicht zwingend kontinuierlich umgepumpt werden, sondern das Entfernen der von ihr aufgenommenen Verunreinigungen kann batch-weise geschehen.It is understood that the described device can be modified in many ways. For example, the transport device 20 can subsequently still be moved into a rinsing container with hot water and / or a drying container. Furthermore, the cleaning liquid does not necessarily have to be pumped continuously, but the removal of the impurities absorbed by it can be done batchwise.

Wie aus dem vorstehenden deutlich wird, dient die Reinigungsflüssigkeit als Transportmedium für die Verunreinigungen, indem sie diese im Reinigungsbehälter 2 von den Gegenständen entfernt und aufnimmt, anschließend im Abscheidebehälter 8 durch Abscheiden abgibt und in der Filtereinrichtung 19 durch Filterung abgibt.As is clear from the above, the cleaning liquid serves as a transport medium for the impurities by removing them from the objects in the cleaning container 2 and receiving, then discharges in the separation vessel 8 by deposition and emits in the filter device 19 by filtering.

Das beschriebene System kann dahingehend abgeändert werden, daß beispielsweise in einer Geschirrspülmaschine oder Waschmaschine im Reinigungsbehälter das vorbeschriebene Verfahren abläuft, die Reinigungsflüssigkeit dann aus dem Reinigungsbehälter in einen Pufferbehälter abgepumpt wird, wo sie aufbewahrt wird, während im Reinigungsbehälter nur noch Spülvorgänge ablaufen. Anschließend kann die Reinigungsflüssigkeit für die Reinigung weiterer Gegenstände wiederum in den Reinigungsbehälter zurückgepumpt werden. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Reinigungsflüssigkeit mehrfach zum Reinigen von Gegenständen verwenden und muß nur gelegentlich nachgeschärft werden. Die abgeschiedenen Verunreinigungen können mit dem Spülwasser abgeführt werden.The described system can be modified to the effect that, for example, in a dishwasher or washing machine in the cleaning container, the method described above, the cleaning liquid is pumped out of the cleaning tank in a buffer tank, where it is stored, while in the cleaning tank run only rinsing. Subsequently, the cleaning liquid for cleaning other objects can be pumped back into the cleaning tank. In this way, the cleaning liquid can be used several times to clean objects and must only be sharpened occasionally. The separated impurities can be removed with the rinse water.

Weitere Beispiele für die aus Wasser und einer Organikkomponente bestehende Basiszusammensetzung von Flüssigkeiten mit Mischungslücke, werden im folgenden angegeben. Dabei ist jeweils zunächst die chemische Bezeichnung der Organikkomponente angegeben, dann die Konzentration, bis zu der die Organikkomponente bei Raumtemperatur mit Wasser mischbar ist, und dann die Konzentration , bis zu der Wasser zu der Organikkomponente zugebbar und mit ihr mischbar ist. Im ersten Beispiel, Glykolether, liegt somit die Mischungslücke bei Raumtemperatur zwischen 5 % und 82 % Glykolether in 95 % bzw. 18 % Wasser. Die nachfolgende Angabe (erstes Beispiel): MPC (Multi Phase Cleaning) bei 5 % ab 29°C bezeichnet jeweils die Konzentration der Organikkomponente, mit der bei der jeweiligen Flüssigkeit vorteilhaft gearbeitet wird, und die Temperatur, oberhalb der wegen der stabilen Mischungslücke eine gute Reinigungswirkung erzielt wird. Zur vollständigen Mischung bzw. zum Abtrennen der Verschmutzungen wird die Flüssigkeit jeweils vorteilhaft auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt. Es vesteht sich, daß vorteilhaft mit Konzentrationen gearbeitet wird, die geringfügig, z. B. 0,1 bis 0,2 % unter der Konzentration liegen, bei der bei Raumtemperatur die Mischungslücke einsetzt.Further examples of the basic composition of mixed miscibility fluids consisting of water and an organic component are given below. In each case, first the chemical name of the organic component is given, then the concentration up to which the organic component is miscible with water at room temperature, and then the concentration up to which water can be added to the organic component and miscible with it. Thus, in the first example, glycol ethers, the miscibility gap at room temperature is between 5% and 82% glycol ethers in 95% and 18% water, respectively. The following information (first example): MPC (Multi Phase Cleaning) at 5% from 29 ° C refers respectively to the concentration of the organic component, which is advantageously used in the respective liquid, and the temperature above the due to the stable miscibility gap a good Cleaning effect is achieved. For complete mixing or for separating off the contaminants, the liquid is advantageously cooled to room temperature. It is interesting that with Concentrations are worked, the slight, z. B. 0.1 to 0.2% below the concentration at which the miscibility gap begins at room temperature.

Glykolether:glycol ethers:


- Propylenglykolmonobutylether PnB Wasserlöslichkeit 5 % Wasser in PnB 18 % MPC bei 5 % ab 29°C
- Dipropylenglykolmono n-butylether DPnB Wasserlöslichkeit 4 % Wasser in DPnB 14 % MPC bei 1 % ab 23°C
- Tripropylenglykolmono n-butylether TPnB Wasserlöslichkeit 3 % Wasser in TPnB 8 % MPC bei 3 % ab 23°C
- Tripropylenglykolmonopropylether TPnP Wasserlöslichkeit 5 % Wasser in TPnP 12 % MPC bei 5 % ab 45°C
- Propylenglykolphenylether PPH Wasserlöslichkeit 1 % Wasser in PPH 6 % MPC bei 1 % ab 23°C
- Propylene glycol monobutyl ether PnB Water 5% Water in PnB 18% MPC at 5% from 29 ° C
- dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether DPnB Water 4% Water in DPnB 14% MPC at 1% from 23 ° C
- Tripropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether TPnB Water 3% Water in TPnB 8th % MPC at 3% from 23 ° C
- Tripropylene glycol monopropyl ether TPnP Water 5% Water in TPnP 12% MPC at 5% from 45 ° C
- Propylene glycol phenyl ether PPH Water 1 % Water in PPH 6% MPC at 1% from 23 ° C

Ester / AcetateEsters / acetates


- Propylenglykoldiacetat PGDA Wasserlöslichkeit 8 % Wasser in PGDA 4 % MPC bei 8 % ab 23°C
- Dipropylenglykolmonoethyletheracetat DPMA Wasserlöslichkeit 5 % Wasser in DPMA 8 % MPC bei 5 % ab 42°C
- Butylglykolacetat Wasserlöslichkeit 1,5 % Wasser in Butylglykolacetat 5 % MPC bei 1,5 % ab 30°C
- Butyldiglykolacetat Wasserlöslichkeit 6,5 % Wasser in Butyldiglykolacetat 10 % MPC bei 6,5 % ab 35°C
- Propylene glycol diacetate PGDA Water 8th % Water in PGDA 4% MPC at 8% from 23 ° C
- Dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate DPMA Water 5% Water in DPMA 8th % MPC at 5% from 42 ° C
Butyl glycol acetate Water 1.5% Water in butyl glycol acetate 5% MPC at 1.5% from 30 ° C
Butyl diglycol acetate Water 6.5% Water in butyldiglycol acetate 10% MPC at 6.5% from 35 ° C

Alkoholealcohols


- Cyclohexanol Wasserlöslichkeit 3,7 % Wasser in Cyclohexanol 7 % MPC bei 3,7 % ab 35°C
- Hexylalkohol Wasserlöslichkeit 0,6 % Wasser in Hexylalkohol 0 % MPC bei 10 % ab 35°C
- 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol Wasserlöslichkeit 0,1 % Wasser in 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol 0 % MPC bei 0,1 % ab 22°C.
- Cyclohexanol Water 3.7% Water in cyclohexanol 7% MPC at 3.7% from 35 ° C
- Hexyl alcohol Water 0.6% Water in hexyl alcohol 0% MPC at 10% from 35 ° C
2-ethyl-1-hexanol Water 0.1% Water in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol 0% MPC at 0.1% from 22 ° C.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for the liquid cleaning of objects using a cleaning liquid, which contains at least two components that form a miscibility gap under first predetermined conditions and form a mixture under second predetermined conditions, comprising the following steps:
    - establishing the first predetermined conditions,
    - liquid cleaning the objects with the cleaning liquid under the first predetermined conditions,
    - establishing the second predetermined conditions and
    - at least partially separating the contamination from the cleaning liquid under the second predetermined conditions.
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein one component is water and the other component is an organic component.
  3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the organic component comprises molecules having lipophilic and hydrophilic groups.
  4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein under the first predetermined conditions the cleaning liquid forms a two-phase system having droplets from an organic-rich phase dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase.
  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first predetermined conditions differ from the second predetermined conditions by temperature.
  6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the temperatures of the first predetermined conditions are higher than the temperatures of the second predetermined conditions.
  7. Method according to one of claims 1-6, wherein the separation of contamination from the liquid under the second predetermined conditions is carried out by precipitation and/or filtering.
EP01128900A 2000-12-07 2001-12-05 Process for wet cleaning of articles Expired - Lifetime EP1213345B1 (en)

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US6811616B2 (en) 2004-11-02

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