EP1207290A2 - Method for optimizing of the combustion of a self-ignited internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for optimizing of the combustion of a self-ignited internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1207290A2
EP1207290A2 EP01402805A EP01402805A EP1207290A2 EP 1207290 A2 EP1207290 A2 EP 1207290A2 EP 01402805 A EP01402805 A EP 01402805A EP 01402805 A EP01402805 A EP 01402805A EP 1207290 A2 EP1207290 A2 EP 1207290A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
parameters
slow
optimization method
fast
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EP01402805A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1207290A3 (en
Inventor
Jacques Lavy
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
    • F02D2041/1418—Several control loops, either as alternatives or simultaneous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
    • F02D2041/1418—Several control loops, either as alternatives or simultaneous
    • F02D2041/1419—Several control loops, either as alternatives or simultaneous the control loops being cascaded, i.e. being placed in series or nested
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401—Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1413—Controller structures or design
    • F02D2041/142—Controller structures or design using different types of control law in combination, e.g. adaptive combined with PID and sliding mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/12—Timing of calculation, i.e. specific timing aspects when calculation or updating of engine parameter is performed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/021—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using an ionic current sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/027—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using knock sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for optimizing the combustion of an internal combustion engine operating in self-ignition control.
  • Self-ignition is a known phenomenon in two-stroke engines and has advantages in terms of pollutant emissions since obtains in particular low emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
  • Self-ignition is a phenomenon that allows combustion to be initiated by residual burnt gases which are present in the combustion chamber after combustion.
  • This self-ignition is achieved by controlling the amount of gas burned residual and its mixture with the fresh gases. Residual gases, which are hot burnt gases, initiate the combustion of fresh gases through a combination of temperature and the presence of active species (radicals).
  • the two-stroke engine therefore works with an internal recirculation of the burnt gases (or internal EGR) at partial load.
  • Controlled self-ignition technology applied to the four engine time, is particularly interesting because it allows to operate the engine with an extremely diluted mixture, with very rich very low levels of nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the criteria to be optimized are mainly the timing of combustion in the cycle and the rate of progress of this combustion.
  • combustion is not initiated by a spark whose moment of appearance can be controlled but by the evolution of the thermodynamic and chemical conditions of the mixture of air and fuel during the compression phase.
  • the combustion can be stalled more or earlier in the cycle and run more or less quickly.
  • WO 99/40296 has proposed a method of operation of a compression ignition engine which allows check the air / fuel ratio of the mixture present in the combustion by modification of the compression ratio by means of a member adjustable intake valve, such as the intake valve usually such an engine.
  • the present invention provides a method of optimizing combustion which allows to take into account certain parameters necessary to obtain ideal combustion and their specific response times.
  • slow parameters have a longer response time as long as the quick settings.
  • the response time of the quick parameters is at most equal to the duration of a determined number of combustion cycles.
  • the parameters to be adjusted are determined by comparison of a benchmark for ideal combustion contained in the unit and the processing of signals sent by at least one detector the state of combustion
  • the signals come from a detector of the state of combustion and / or a knock sensor and / or a pressure.
  • the processing unit corrects the parameters slow so that the quick parameters remain within limit values.
  • the process of control allows corrections to be made automatically to certain slow parameters, such as gas recirculation burned, so that variations in the quick parameters remain within acceptable and predefined limit values (such as the opening time and valve closing in the case of a type of distribution electromechanical or electro-hydraulic.)
  • the internal combustion engine 10 comprises a cylinder block fitted with four cylinders 12 forming with the piston and the cylinder head (not shown) a combustion chamber 14.
  • At least one orifice is provided for each combustion chamber 14 inlet fitted with a valve 16 whose opening and closing are controlled by an intake actuator 18 and at least one orifice exhaust fitted with a valve 20 controlled by an actuator exhaust 22.
  • the actuators 18 and 22 are of the electromechanical type or electrohydraulic whose response time is on the scale of the engine cycle but can be of the mechanical type with a continuous variation of the lift and / or the angular phasing of the valves which can have a time of scale response of a few cycles.
  • the fuel injection is an injection indirect, i.e. this fuel is injected upstream of the valve intake 16 by an injector 24 provided with its injection actuator.
  • Flow control means are also provided in the orifices intake and exhaust which, in the example described, are valves 32, 34 controlled by flow actuators 36, 38.
  • a combustion state detector 40 which, for example is a ion current detector for measuring conductivity electric combustion gas, is arranged in the combustion and which makes it possible to continuously measure the progress of the combustion.
  • a pressure detector 42 which will measure the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber, can also be used as a medium combustion analysis and can possibly be used in parallel of detector 40.
  • the motor can also carry a detector 44 intended to measure the amplitude vibrations generated during unwanted combustions in the case rattling.
  • a processing unit 46 will thus assess the state of combustion and its evolution as a function of the signal received from the combustion state detector 40 and / or the knock sensor 44 and / or the pressure sensor 42.
  • this processing unit will receive by logic unit 48 engine operation information such as rpm medium and instantaneous, air flow, air / fuel ratio, gas flow burnt external recirculated, valve liftings and shims, coolant temperature, oil temperature, intake air temperature.
  • engine operation information such as rpm medium and instantaneous, air flow, air / fuel ratio, gas flow burnt external recirculated, valve liftings and shims, coolant temperature, oil temperature, intake air temperature.
  • control signals are sent by this unit to the different actuators 18, 22, 24, 30, 36 and 38 in order to obtain in the combustion chamber, for the following cycles, the conditions for ideal combustion of the air and fuel mixture.
  • the processing unit 46 will thus receive, at the start of the combustion cycle, signals from at least minus a detector 40, 42, 44.
  • the unit 46 will process these signals and determine, based on a benchmark contained in its regulatory logic, the combustion parameters which must be modified to obtain an ideal combustion state.
  • the unit 46 fall into two categories: slow PL parameters and parameters fast PR.
  • this unit will be brought, depending on the state of the combustion, to have no parameters to classify in one or other of the categories.
  • the unit 46 will only have to manage quick parameters or only slow settings.
  • Slow parameters are parameters whose response time is higher than other parameters.
  • response time must be understood as either the response time of the adjustment actuators which are associated with parameters they control, either as the time required to obtain the actual modification of the parameter considered in the combustion.
  • the rapid parameters PR are those whose time of response is less than or equal to the duration of a specified number of cycles of combustion while the slow parameters PL are those whose time of response is greater than the duration of this number of cycles, this number ranging from 1 to 2.
  • the quick parameters are the report air / fuel controlled by injector 24, the admitted air mass and the internal aerodynamics regulated by the valve control thanks to the valve actuators 18, 22.
  • Slow parameters include the inlet pressure managed by the intake flow actuator 36 and the valve 32, the back pressure controlled by the exhaust flow actuator 38 and the valve 34, the dilution of the fuel air mixture by the external burnt gases managed by the burnt gas actuator 30 and its valve 28.
  • the unit 46 will manage these parameters.
  • the unit will manage the adjustment of these parameters by a control loop comprising this unit, the adjustment actuator associated with the parameter to be modified and the detector (s) allowing know the state of combustion.
  • the unit 46 will send a control signal to the actuator for adjusting the parameter in question, such as the actuator controlling the fuel injection 24 then the detector 40 and / or 42 and / or 44 will control the combustion process and send a signal to the unit 46 who will treat him.
  • the actuator for adjusting the parameter in question, such as the actuator controlling the fuel injection 24
  • the detector 40 and / or 42 and / or 44 will control the combustion process and send a signal to the unit 46 who will treat him.
  • this unit 46 will manage the slow parameters through the servo loop and send signals from commands to a part of the actuators to control the adjustment of slow parameters PL, such as the burnt gas actuator 30 which will act on the valve 28 so as to modify the rate of burnt gases which will be directed to the intake opening and thus modify the dilution of these gases in the mixture of carburetted air present in the combustion chamber.
  • slow parameters PL such as the burnt gas actuator 30 which will act on the valve 28 so as to modify the rate of burnt gases which will be directed to the intake opening and thus modify the dilution of these gases in the mixture of carburetted air present in the combustion chamber.
  • the unit 46 will manage the control of the actuators of setting of quick parameters PR also by a loop control and taking into account the influence on combustion of the control of slow parameters PL.
  • the unit 46 will control part of the actuators for adjusting the quick parameters PR, such as for example the intake actuator 18 acting on the inlet valve 16 in such a way that this compensates for insufficient adjustment of slow parameters and thus obtaining the desired combustion.

Abstract

The state of the combustion of an air/carburant mix in the combustion chamber (14) is measured. After measure signals are processed and sent in a logical processing unit form (46). There is at least one combustion control parameter, which is adjusted in order to obtain the desired combustion for cycles to follow. The control parameters are determined in order to optimise the combustion.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé d'optimisation de la combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne fonctionnant en auto-allumage contrôlé.The present invention relates to a method for optimizing the combustion of an internal combustion engine operating in self-ignition control.

L'auto-allumage est un phénomène connu dans les moteurs deux temps et présente des avantages au niveau des émissions de polluants puisque l'on obtient notamment de faibles émissions d'hydrocarbures et d'oxydes d'azote.Self-ignition is a known phenomenon in two-stroke engines and has advantages in terms of pollutant emissions since obtains in particular low emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.

En ce qui concerne les moteurs quatre temps, lors de la combustion en auto-allumage, de très faibles émissions d'oxydes d'azote peuvent être obtenues ainsi qu'une remarquable régularité cyclique.With regard to four-stroke engines, during self-ignition combustion, very low emissions of nitrogen oxides can be achieved as well as a remarkable cyclical regularity.

L'auto-allumage est un phénomène qui permet d'initier la combustion grâce à des gaz brûlés résiduels qui sont présents dans la chambre de combustion après la combustion.Self-ignition is a phenomenon that allows combustion to be initiated by residual burnt gases which are present in the combustion chamber after combustion.

Cet auto-allumage est réalisé en contrôlant la quantité de gaz brûlés résiduels et son mélange avec les gaz frais. Les gaz résiduels, qui sont des gaz brûlés chauds, initient la combustion des gaz frais grâce à une combinaison de température et à la présence d'espèces actives (radicaux).This self-ignition is achieved by controlling the amount of gas burned residual and its mixture with the fresh gases. Residual gases, which are hot burnt gases, initiate the combustion of fresh gases through a combination of temperature and the presence of active species (radicals).

Dans les moteurs deux temps, la présence de gaz résiduels est « inhérente » à la combustion. In two-stroke engines, the presence of residual gases is "inherent" on combustion.

En effet, lorsque la charge du moteur diminue, la quantité de gaz frais diminue et est naturellement remplacée par une quantité de gaz brûlés résiduels du ou des cycles de combustion précédents qui ne sont pas sortis du cylindre.When the engine load decreases, the amount of fresh gas decreases and is naturally replaced by a quantity of burnt gases residual from previous combustion cycle (s) that have not left of the cylinder.

Le moteur deux temps fonctionne donc avec une recirculation interne des gaz brûlés (ou EGR interne) à charge partielle.The two-stroke engine therefore works with an internal recirculation of the burnt gases (or internal EGR) at partial load.

Toutefois, la présence de cette EGR interne n'est pas suffisante pour obtenir le fonctionnement souhaité en auto-allumage car des travaux ont démontré qu'il faut aussi contrôler et notamment limiter le mélange entre cette EGR interne et les gaz frais.However, the presence of this internal EGR is not sufficient to obtain the desired operation in auto-ignition because work has demonstrated that it is also necessary to control and in particular limit the mixing between this EGR internal and fresh gases.

La technologie d'auto-allumage contrôlée, appliquée au moteur quatre temps, est particulièrement intéressante car elle permet de faire fonctionner le moteur avec un mélange extrêmement dilué, avec des richesses très faibles et des émissions d'oxydes d'azote de très bas niveaux.Controlled self-ignition technology, applied to the four engine time, is particularly interesting because it allows to operate the engine with an extremely diluted mixture, with very rich very low levels of nitrogen oxide emissions.

Pour avoir un moteur à haut rendement et peu polluant, il faut assurer une combustion optimale quelques soient les conditions de fonctionnement du moteur (régime, charge, température ambiante, hygrométrie,...), de son vieillissement et de son encrassement.To have a high-efficiency and low-pollution engine, you must ensure optimal combustion whatever the operating conditions of the engine (speed, load, ambient temperature, humidity, ...), sound aging and its fouling.

Les critères à optimiser sont principalement le calage de la combustion dans le cycle et la vitesse de déroulement de cette combustion.The criteria to be optimized are mainly the timing of combustion in the cycle and the rate of progress of this combustion.

Dans le cas d'un moteur à auto-allumage contrôlé, la combustion n'est pas initiée par une étincelle dont le moment d'apparition peut être commandé mais par l'évolution des conditions thermodynamiques et chimiques du mélange d'air et de carburant au cours de la phase de compression.In the case of a controlled self-ignition engine, combustion is not initiated by a spark whose moment of appearance can be controlled but by the evolution of the thermodynamic and chemical conditions of the mixture of air and fuel during the compression phase.

Suivant les variations de cette évolution, la combustion pourra être calée plus ou moins tôt dans le cycle et se dérouler plus ou moins vite.According to the variations of this evolution, the combustion can be stalled more or earlier in the cycle and run more or less quickly.

Il est donc nécessaire d'ajuster différents paramètres de contrôle de la combustion afin d'optimiser en permanence le déroulement de cette combustion.It is therefore necessary to adjust different parameters for controlling the combustion in order to continuously optimize the progress of this combustion.

Il a été proposé par le document WO 99/40296 un procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à allumage par compression qui permet de contrôler le rapport air/carburant du mélange présent dans la chambre de combustion par modification du taux de compression au moyen d'un organe d'admission réglable, tel que la soupape d'admission que comporte habituellement un tel moteur.WO 99/40296 has proposed a method of operation of a compression ignition engine which allows check the air / fuel ratio of the mixture present in the combustion by modification of the compression ratio by means of a member adjustable intake valve, such as the intake valve usually such an engine.

Pour ce faire, il est prévu de mesurer l'état de la combustion puis de régler le moment de fermeture de la soupape d'admission de la chambre de combustion pour le cycle suivant en fonction du signal provenant de cette mesure.To do this, it is planned to measure the state of combustion and then adjust the closing time of the inlet chamber valve combustion for the next cycle based on the signal from this measured.

Le procédé décrit dans ce document n'autorise que le réglage de la compression seule ou associée à d'autres paramètres et ce pour le cycle suivant, ce qui implique d'avoir des réglages de ces paramètres dont le temps de réponse est inférieur à la durée du cycle de combustion.The process described in this document only authorizes the adjustment of the compression alone or combined with other parameters for the cycle next, which implies having settings for these parameters including the response time is less than the duration of the combustion cycle.

La présente invention propose un procédé d'optimisation de la combustion qui permet de tenir compte de certains paramètres nécessaires à l'obtention d'une combustion idéale ainsi que de leurs temps de réponses spécifiques. The present invention provides a method of optimizing combustion which allows to take into account certain parameters necessary to obtain ideal combustion and their specific response times.

A cet effet, le procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que :

  • on détermine plusieurs paramètres à ajuster pour optimiser la combustion ;
  • on classe lesdits paramètres en paramètres rapides et en paramètres lents ;
  • on gère les paramètres rapides par une boucle d'asservissement spécifique auxdits paramètres et on gère les paramètres lents par une boucle d'asservissement spécifique aux paramètres lents pour obtenir la combustion souhaitée pour les cycles suivants.
To this end, the method according to the invention is characterized in that:
  • several parameters to be adjusted to optimize combustion are determined;
  • said parameters are classified as fast parameters and slow parameters;
  • the fast parameters are managed by a servo loop specific to said parameters and the slow parameters are managed by a servo loop specific to slow parameters to obtain the desired combustion for the following cycles.

De par ce procédé, l'ensemble des paramètres pertinents internes à la chambre de combustion du moteur à auto-allumage contrôlé vont pouvoir être contrôlés en prenant en compte leurs temps de réponse spécifiques sur la combustionBy this process, all the relevant parameters internal to the combustion chamber of the self-igniting engine will be able to be controlled by taking into account their specific response times on combustion

Ces paramètres sont, notamment, la quantité d'air admis, la quantité de carburant, le rapport air/carburant global et local, la quantité de gaz brûlés internes et son degré de mélange avec les gaz frais, la dilution des gaz frais par des gaz brûlés recirculés externes,...These parameters are, in particular, the quantity of air admitted, the quantity of fuel, the global and local air / fuel ratio, the quantity of gas burned internal and its degree of mixing with fresh gases, dilution of fresh gases by external recirculated burnt gases, ...

Plus particulièrement, on commande les paramètres lents et on commande les paramètres rapides en prenant en compte la commande des paramètres lents.More specifically, we control the slow parameters and we control quick parameters taking into account the parameters command slow.

Grâce à cette caractéristique, l'insuffisance du réglage des paramètres lents peut être compensée par le réglage approprié des paramètres rapides, ce qui en final permet d'obtenir la combustion souhaitée et cela quelques soient les conditions de fonctionnement. Thanks to this feature, insufficient adjustment of slow parameters can be compensated by the appropriate setting of the quick parameters, this which ultimately provides the desired combustion and that whatever operating conditions.

Plus particulièrement, les paramètres lents ont un temps de réponse plus long que les paramètres rapides.In particular, slow parameters have a longer response time as long as the quick settings.

De manière préférentielle, le temps de réponse des paramètres rapides est au plus égal à la durée d'un nombre déterminé de cycles de combustion.Preferably, the response time of the quick parameters is at most equal to the duration of a determined number of combustion cycles.

Conformément à l'invention, les paramètres à ajuster sont déterminés par comparaison d'un référentiel pour une combustion idéale contenu dans l'unité et du traitement de signaux envoyés par au moins un détecteur de l'état de la combustionAccording to the invention, the parameters to be adjusted are determined by comparison of a benchmark for ideal combustion contained in the unit and the processing of signals sent by at least one detector the state of combustion

De façon particulière, les signaux proviennent d'un détecteur de l'état de combustion et/ou d'un détecteur de cliquetis et/ou d'un détecteur de pression.In particular, the signals come from a detector of the state of combustion and / or a knock sensor and / or a pressure.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, l'unité de traitement corrige les paramètres lents afin que les paramètres rapides reste dans des valeurs limites.According to one aspect of the invention, the processing unit corrects the parameters slow so that the quick parameters remain within limit values.

Grâce à cela, au fur et à mesure du fonctionnement du moteur et de son évolution dans le temps (encrassement, vieillissement), le procédé de contrôle permet de faire des corrections, de manière automatique, sur certains paramètres lents, comme par exemple la recirculation des gaz brûlés, afin que les variations des paramètres rapides restent dans des valeurs limites acceptables et prédéfinies (tel que le moment d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes dans le cas d'une distribution de type électromécanique ou électrohydraulique.)Thanks to this, as the engine works and its evolution over time (fouling, aging), the process of control allows corrections to be made automatically to certain slow parameters, such as gas recirculation burned, so that variations in the quick parameters remain within acceptable and predefined limit values (such as the opening time and valve closing in the case of a type of distribution electromechanical or electro-hydraulic.)

Les autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront plus détaillés dans la description qui va suivre et en se référant à la figure unique annexée, illustrant à titre non limitatif un exemple de réalisation et qui montre une représentation schématique d'un moteur à combustion à auto allumage utilisant le procédé selon l'invention.The other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be more detailed. in the description which follows and with reference to the attached single figure, illustrating, without limitation, an exemplary embodiment and which shows a schematic representation of a self-ignition combustion engine using the method according to the invention.

Sur cette figure, le moteur à combustion interne 10 comporte un bloc cylindre muni de quatre cylindres 12 formant avec le piston et la culasse (non représentés) une chambre de combustion 14.In this figure, the internal combustion engine 10 comprises a cylinder block fitted with four cylinders 12 forming with the piston and the cylinder head (not shown) a combustion chamber 14.

Pour chaque chambre de combustion 14, il est prévu au moins un orifice d'admission muni d'une soupape 16 dont l'ouverture et la fermeture sont commandées par un actionneur d'admission 18 et au moins un orifice d'échappement muni d'une soupape 20 commandée par un actionneur d'échappement 22.At least one orifice is provided for each combustion chamber 14 inlet fitted with a valve 16 whose opening and closing are controlled by an intake actuator 18 and at least one orifice exhaust fitted with a valve 20 controlled by an actuator exhaust 22.

Les actionneurs 18 et 22 sont du type électromécanique ou électrohydraulique dont le temps de réponse est à l'échelle du cycle moteur mais peuvent être du type mécanique avec une variation continue de la levée et/ou du phasage angulaire des soupapes qui peut avoir un temps de réponse de l'échelle de quelques cycles.The actuators 18 and 22 are of the electromechanical type or electrohydraulic whose response time is on the scale of the engine cycle but can be of the mechanical type with a continuous variation of the lift and / or the angular phasing of the valves which can have a time of scale response of a few cycles.

Dans le cas de l'exemple décrit, l'injection de carburant est une injection indirecte, c'est à dire que ce carburant est injecté en amont de la soupape d'admission 16 par un injecteur 24 muni de son actionneur d'injection.In the case of the example described, the fuel injection is an injection indirect, i.e. this fuel is injected upstream of the valve intake 16 by an injector 24 provided with its injection actuator.

En outre, il est prévu de faire admettre, dans l'orifice d'admission muni de la soupape 16, des gaz brûlés recirculés externes, dits EGR externe, par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit 26 qui est en communication avec les gaz d'échappement issus de la combustion dans les cylindres 14 et dans lequel est disposé une vanne de réglage 28 commandée par un actionneur de gaz brûlés 30. In addition, it is planned to admit, in the intake port provided with the valve 16, external recirculated burnt gases, called external EGR, by through a conduit 26 which is in communication with the gases exhaust from combustion in cylinders 14 and in which there is an adjustment valve 28 controlled by a gas actuator burned 30.

Il est également prévu des moyens de contrôle de débit dans les orifices d'admission et d'échappement qui, dans l'exemple, décrit sont des vannes 32, 34 commandés par des actionneurs de débit 36, 38.Flow control means are also provided in the orifices intake and exhaust which, in the example described, are valves 32, 34 controlled by flow actuators 36, 38.

De plus, un détecteur de l'état de combustion 40 qui, à titre d'exemple est un détecteur de courant ionique permettant de mesurer la conductivité électrique des gaz de combustion, est disposé dans la chambre de combustion et qui permet de mesurer, en continu, le déroulement de la combustion.In addition, a combustion state detector 40 which, for example is a ion current detector for measuring conductivity electric combustion gas, is arranged in the combustion and which makes it possible to continuously measure the progress of the combustion.

Un détecteur de pression 42 qui va mesurer la pression régnant dans la chambre de combustion, peut être également employer comme moyen d'analyse de la combustion et pourra éventuellement être utiliser en parallèle du détecteur 40.A pressure detector 42 which will measure the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber, can also be used as a medium combustion analysis and can possibly be used in parallel of detector 40.

Le moteur peut porter en outre un détecteur 44 destiné à mesurer l'amplitude des vibrations générées pendant des combustions indésirables dans le cas de cliquetis.The motor can also carry a detector 44 intended to measure the amplitude vibrations generated during unwanted combustions in the case rattling.

Une unité de traitement 46 va ainsi évaluer l'état de la combustion et son évolution en fonction du signal reçu du détecteur de l'état de combustion 40 et/ou du détecteur de cliquetis 44 et/ou du détecteur de pression 42.A processing unit 46 will thus assess the state of combustion and its evolution as a function of the signal received from the combustion state detector 40 and / or the knock sensor 44 and / or the pressure sensor 42.

Additionnellement, cette unité de traitement va recevoir par l'unité logique 48 des informations relatives au fonctionnement du moteur tel que le régime moyen et instantané, le débit d'air, le rapport air/carburant, le débit de gaz brûlés recirculés externes, les levées et calages des soupapes, la température du liquide de refroidissement, la température d'huile, la température d'air d'admission. Additionally, this processing unit will receive by logic unit 48 engine operation information such as rpm medium and instantaneous, air flow, air / fuel ratio, gas flow burnt external recirculated, valve liftings and shims, coolant temperature, oil temperature, intake air temperature.

En fonction des signaux/informations reçus et après traitement de ces derniers par l'unité de traitement 46, des signaux de commande sont envoyés par cette unité aux différents actionneurs 18, 22, 24, 30, 36 et 38 afin d'obtenir dans la chambre de combustion, pour les cycles suivants, les conditions pour une combustion idéale du mélange air et carburant.Depending on the signals / information received and after processing these the latter by the processing unit 46, control signals are sent by this unit to the different actuators 18, 22, 24, 30, 36 and 38 in order to obtain in the combustion chamber, for the following cycles, the conditions for ideal combustion of the air and fuel mixture.

Pour connaítre l'état de la combustion à un cycle, l'unité de traitement 46 va ainsi recevoir, au début du cycle de combustion, des signaux émanant d'au moins un détecteur 40, 42, 44.To know the state of combustion in a cycle, the processing unit 46 will thus receive, at the start of the combustion cycle, signals from at least minus a detector 40, 42, 44.

En fonction des signaux reçus et de leurs évolutions pendant ce cycle, l'unité 46 va traiter ces signaux et déterminer, en se basant sur un référentiel contenu dans sa logique de régulation, les paramètres de la combustion qui doivent être modifiés pour obtenir un état de la combustion idéale.Depending on the signals received and their evolution during this cycle, the unit 46 will process these signals and determine, based on a benchmark contained in its regulatory logic, the combustion parameters which must be modified to obtain an ideal combustion state.

Une fois que les paramètres à modifier sont déterminés, l'unité 46 les classent en deux catégories : les paramètres lents PL et les paramètres rapides PR.Once the parameters to be modified are determined, the unit 46 fall into two categories: slow PL parameters and parameters fast PR.

Dans certains cas, cette unité va être amenée, en fonction de l'état de la combustion, à n'avoir aucun paramètre à classer dans l'une ou l'autre des catégories.In some cases, this unit will be brought, depending on the state of the combustion, to have no parameters to classify in one or other of the categories.

De ce fait, l'unité 46 n'aura à gérer que des paramètres rapides ou que des paramètres lents.Therefore, the unit 46 will only have to manage quick parameters or only slow settings.

Les paramètres lents sont les paramètres dont le temps de réponse est supérieur à celui d'autres paramètres. Slow parameters are parameters whose response time is higher than other parameters.

Il est entendu que le temps de réponse doit être compris soit comme le temps de réponse des actionneurs de réglage qui sont associés aux paramètres qu'ils commandent, soit comme la durée nécessaire pour obtenir la modification effective du paramètre considéré dans la chambre de combustion.It is understood that the response time must be understood as either the response time of the adjustment actuators which are associated with parameters they control, either as the time required to obtain the actual modification of the parameter considered in the combustion.

A titre d'exemple, les paramètres rapides PR sont ceux dont le temps de réponse est inférieur ou égal à la durée d'un nombre déterminé de cycles de combustion alors que les paramètres lents PL sont ceux dont le temps de réponse est supérieur à la durée de ce nombre de cycles, ce nombre pouvant aller de 1 à 2.As an example, the rapid parameters PR are those whose time of response is less than or equal to the duration of a specified number of cycles of combustion while the slow parameters PL are those whose time of response is greater than the duration of this number of cycles, this number ranging from 1 to 2.

Toujours à titre d'exemple, les paramètres rapides sont le rapport air/carburant contrôlé par l'injecteur 24, la masse d'air admise et l'aérodynamique interne réglés par la commande des soupapes grâce aux actionneurs de soupapes 18, 22.Still as an example, the quick parameters are the report air / fuel controlled by injector 24, the admitted air mass and the internal aerodynamics regulated by the valve control thanks to the valve actuators 18, 22.

Les paramètres lents sont notamment la pression d'admission gérée par l'actionneur de débit d'admission 36 et la vanne 32, la contre-pression d'échappement commandée par l'actionneur de débit d'échappement 38 et la vanne 34, la dilution du mélange d'air carburé par les gaz brûlés externes gérée par l'actionneur de gaz brûlés 30 et sa vanne 28.Slow parameters include the inlet pressure managed by the intake flow actuator 36 and the valve 32, the back pressure controlled by the exhaust flow actuator 38 and the valve 34, the dilution of the fuel air mixture by the external burnt gases managed by the burnt gas actuator 30 and its valve 28.

Une fois la détermination et le classement des paramètres effectués, l'unité 46 va gérer ces paramètres.Once the parameters have been determined and classified, the unit 46 will manage these parameters.

Dans le cas où seuls des paramètres rapides PR ou des paramètres lents PL ont été déterminés, l'unité va gérer le réglage de ces paramètres par une boucle d'asservissement comprenant cette unité, l'actionneur de réglage associé au paramètre à modifier et le ou les détecteur(s) permettant de connaítre l'état de la combustion.In the case where only fast parameters PR or slow parameters PL have been determined, the unit will manage the adjustment of these parameters by a control loop comprising this unit, the adjustment actuator associated with the parameter to be modified and the detector (s) allowing know the state of combustion.

Plus particulièrement, l'unité 46 va envoyer un signal de commande à l'actionneur de réglage du paramètre considéré, tel que l'actionneur commandant l'injection de carburant 24 puis le détecteur 40 et/ou 42 et/ou 44 va contrôler le déroulement de la combustion et envoyer un signal à l'unité 46 qui va le traiter.More particularly, the unit 46 will send a control signal to the actuator for adjusting the parameter in question, such as the actuator controlling the fuel injection 24 then the detector 40 and / or 42 and / or 44 will control the combustion process and send a signal to the unit 46 who will treat him.

Par contre, si l'unité 46 a déterminé et classé des paramètres rapides et des paramètres lents pour optimiser la combustion, alors cette unité va gérer les paramètres lents par la boucle d'asservissement et envoyer des signaux de commandes à une partie des actionneurs pour commander le réglage de paramètres lents PL, tel qu'à l'actionneur de gaz brûlés 30 qui va agir sur la vanne 28 de façon à modifier le taux de gaz brûlés qui vont être dirigés vers l'ouverture d'admission et ainsi modifier la dilution de ces gaz dans le mélange d'air carburé présent dans la chambre de combustion.On the other hand, if the unit 46 has determined and classified rapid parameters and slow parameters to optimize combustion, then this unit will manage the slow parameters through the servo loop and send signals from commands to a part of the actuators to control the adjustment of slow parameters PL, such as the burnt gas actuator 30 which will act on the valve 28 so as to modify the rate of burnt gases which will be directed to the intake opening and thus modify the dilution of these gases in the mixture of carburetted air present in the combustion chamber.

Associé à cette étape, l'unité 46 va gérer la commande des actionneurs de réglage des paramètres rapides PR également par une boucle d'asservissement et en tenant compte de l'influence sur la combustion de la commande des paramètres lents PL.Associated with this step, the unit 46 will manage the control of the actuators of setting of quick parameters PR also by a loop control and taking into account the influence on combustion of the control of slow parameters PL.

Ainsi, l'unité 46 va commander une partie des actionneurs de réglage des paramètres rapides PR, tel que par exemple l'actionneur d'admission 18 agissant sur la soupape d'admission 16 de manière telle que cette commande compense l'insuffisance du réglage des paramètres lents et à obtenir ainsi la combustion désirée. Thus, the unit 46 will control part of the actuators for adjusting the quick parameters PR, such as for example the intake actuator 18 acting on the inlet valve 16 in such a way that this compensates for insufficient adjustment of slow parameters and thus obtaining the desired combustion.

Bien entendu, le moteur va évoluer dans le temps et l'unité de traitement 46 corrigera automatiquement le réglage de certains paramètres lents afin que la variation de réglage de paramètres rapides restent dans des valeurs limites acceptables et cela toujours dans l'objectif d'obtenir la combustion souhaitée.Of course, the engine will evolve over time and the processing unit 46 will automatically correct the setting of some slow parameters so that variation in quick parameter setting remains within values acceptable limits and this always with the aim of obtaining combustion desired.

L'invention décrite ci-dessus fait état d'un moteur à combustion interne à injection indirecte mais cette invention s'applique tout aussi bien à un moteur à combustion à injection directe.The invention described above relates to an internal combustion engine with indirect injection but this invention applies just as well to an engine direct injection combustion.

Il est aussi fait état d'admission de gaz brûlés recirculés externes, recirculation qui doit être comprise comme provenant soit du collecteur d'échappement soit directement d'une autre chambre de combustion d'un cylindre du moteur.It is also reported admission of external recirculated burnt gases, recirculation which must be understood as coming either from the collector exhaust either directly from another combustion chamber of a engine cylinder.

Claims (7)

Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne fonctionnant à auto-allumage contrôlé dans lequel on mesure l'état de la combustion d'un mélange air/carburant dans la chambre de combustion (14) et, après traitement des signaux de mesure envoyés à une unité de traitement (46), on ajuste au moins un paramètre de contrôle de la combustion pour obtenir la combustion désirée pour les cycles suivants, caractérisé en ce que : on détermine plusieurs paramètres à ajuster pour optimiser la combustion ; on classe lesdits paramètres en paramètres rapides (PR) et en paramètres lents (PL) ; on gère les paramètres rapides (PR) par une boucle d'asservissement spécifique auxdits paramètres et on gère les paramètres lents (PL) par une boucle d'asservissement spécifique aux paramètres lents pour obtenir la combustion souhaitée pour les cycles suivants. Method for optimizing the combustion of an internal combustion engine operating with controlled self-ignition in which the combustion state of an air / fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (14) is measured and, after treatment of the measurement signals sent to a processing unit (46), at least one combustion control parameter is adjusted to obtain the desired combustion for the following cycles, characterized in that : several parameters to be adjusted to optimize combustion are determined; said parameters are classified as fast parameters (PR) and slow parameters (PL); the fast parameters (PR) are managed by a control loop specific to said parameters and the slow parameters (PL) are managed by a control loop specific to slow parameters to obtain the desired combustion for the following cycles. Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que : on commande les paramètres lents (PL); et on commande les paramètres rapides (PR) en prenant en compte la commande des paramètres lents (PL). Combustion optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that : slow parameters (PL) are controlled; and the fast parameters (PR) are controlled by taking into account the control of the slow parameters (PL). Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les paramètres lents (PL) ont un temps de réponse plus long que les paramètres rapides (PR)Combustion optimization method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slow parameters (PL) have a longer response time than the fast parameters (PR) Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le temps de réponse des paramètres rapides (PR) est au plus égal à la durée d'un nombre déterminé de cycles de combustion. Combustion optimization method according to claim 3, characterized in that the response time of the rapid parameters (PR) is at most equal to the duration of a determined number of combustion cycles. Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les paramètres à ajuster sont déterminés par comparaison d'un référentiel pour une combustion idéale contenu dans l'unité (46) et du traitement de signaux envoyés par au moins un détecteur (40, 42, 44) de l'état de la combustionCombustion optimization method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parameters to be adjusted are determined by comparison of a reference frame for an ideal combustion contained in the unit (46) and the processing of signals sent by at least one combustion state detector (40, 42, 44) Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les signaux proviennent d'un détecteur de l'état de combustion (40) et/ou d'un détecteur de cliquetis (44) et/ou d'un détecteur de pression (42).Combustion optimization method according to claim 5, characterized in that the signals come from a combustion state detector (40) and / or a knock detector (44) and / or a pressure detector (42). Procédé d'optimisation de la combustion selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de traitement (46) corrige les paramètres lents (PL) afin que les paramètres rapides (PR) restent dans des valeurs limites.Combustion optimization method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing unit (46) corrects the slow parameters (PL) so that the fast parameters (PR) remain within limit values.
EP01402805A 2000-11-20 2001-10-30 Method for optimizing of the combustion of a self-ignited internal combustion engine Withdrawn EP1207290A3 (en)

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FR0015040A FR2816989B1 (en) 2000-11-20 2000-11-20 METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE COMBUSTION OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OPERATING IN SELF-IGNITION

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FR2816989A1 (en) 2002-05-24

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