EP1206695A1 - Method and device for objective qualitative analysis of grape must and/or wines using wideband infrared spectrometry - Google Patents
Method and device for objective qualitative analysis of grape must and/or wines using wideband infrared spectrometryInfo
- Publication number
- EP1206695A1 EP1206695A1 EP00952960A EP00952960A EP1206695A1 EP 1206695 A1 EP1206695 A1 EP 1206695A1 EP 00952960 A EP00952960 A EP 00952960A EP 00952960 A EP00952960 A EP 00952960A EP 1206695 A1 EP1206695 A1 EP 1206695A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- characteristic parameter
- value
- spectroscopic
- function
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 title description 15
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title description 11
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title description 11
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title description 11
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000011514 vinification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000123650 Botrytis cinerea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960005150 glycerol Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940117955 isoamyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 3-methyl-butanol-1 Chemical compound 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 23
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IWTBVKIGCDZRPL-LURJTMIESA-N 3-Methylbutanol Natural products CC[C@H](C)CCO IWTBVKIGCDZRPL-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010029541 Laccase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/14—Beverages
- G01N33/146—Beverages containing alcohol
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
Definitions
- GRAPE MUST AND / OR WINE PER SPECTROMETER
- the invention relates to a method and a device for objective qualitative analysis by broadband infrared spectrometry of grape must intended for vinification and / or of wines, collectively referred to throughout the text by the term "vinification compositions".
- the invention therefore aims to overcome these problems by proposing a method and a device making it possible to provide an objective qualitative analysis of grape musts and / or wines, and which can be implemented outside a laboratory - in particular on a production site. winemaking.
- the invention therefore aims to allow this analysis to be obtained quickly - in particular in a maximum duration of 1 to 2 minutes -.
- the invention also aims to allow this analysis to be obtained in a simple, automatic manner, without the need to carry out chemical preparations, manipulations or adjustments, in a single analysis step taking place automatically.
- the invention also aims to enable the obtaining of reliable and complete analyzes making it possible to objectively assess the quality of a wine and / or of a must and or of the harvest from which a must comes, in particular to allow the objective determination of its price and to facilitate the definition of the subsequent measures to be taken for wine making and / or conservation and / or marketing.
- the invention relates to a method of objective qualitative analysis of the liquid wine-making compositions, characterized in that:
- a configuration and calibration step is carried out beforehand during which: a group of characteristic parameters is chosen which may characterize the quality of a vinification composition to be analyzed, and comprising the concentrations in the composition of vinification of characteristic compounds chosen from at least one compound formed by Botrytis cinerea, at least one compound formed by yeasts, at least one compound formed by acetic bacteria, and at least one compound formed by lactic bacteria, - for each characteristic parameter , determining and recording calibration values of spectroscopic criteria chosen to allow the characteristic parameter to be evaluated in a winemaking composition from an infrared absorption spectrum which can be produced on a sample of this composition winemaking, • for each winemaking composition to be analyzed:
- the spectroscopic criteria of each characteristic parameter are applied to said continuous spectrum so as to evaluate, by automatic calculation, the value of this characteristic parameter in the vinification composition.
- the group of characteristic parameters comprises the concentration of each of the characteristic compounds belonging to the group formed by gluconic acid, ethanal, ethyl acetate, arabitol, mannitol , sorbitol, 2,3 - butanediol, 3 - methyl - butanol - 1, glycerol, mesoinositol and isoamyl acetate.
- the spectroscopic criteria are chosen to make it possible to evaluate each characteristic parameter in a winemaking composition from an absorption spectrum in the near and medium infrared, and the continuous spectrum of each is produced.
- vinification composition to be analyzed in the near and medium infrared.
- said continuous spectrum is produced by interferometric spectroscopy by Fourier transform.
- At least one objective quality index of the vinification composition is automatically calculated according to a function of said evaluated value of at least one characteristic parameter for the vinification composition to be analyzed.
- the function is a polynomial function.
- a first quality index representative of the attack on the crop by Botrytis cinerea at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of gluconic acid, mannitol and sorbitol evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application of spectroscopic criteria
- a second quality index representative of the attack by yeasts at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of ethanal, ethyl acetate, arabitol, 2,3 - butanediol, methyl - 3 butanol - 1 , in glycerol, and in isoamyl acetate evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application of spectroscopic criteria,
- a third quality index representative of the attack by acetic bacteria at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of acetic acid, ethyl acetate and 2,3 - butanediol evaluated from the continuous continuous spectrum by application spectroscopic criteria,
- a fourth quality index representative of the attack by lactic acid bacteria at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of lactic acid, mannitol and 2,3 - butanediol, evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application of spectroscopic criteria ,
- each characteristic parameter is evaluated and each quality index is calculated by computer calculation immediately after having carried out the spectroscopic analysis step.
- the spectroscopic criteria include, for each characteristic parameter, for a selection of an integer N of spectral bands ⁇ i of predetermined wavelengths, the value of the luminescence spectral density Li of said continuous spectrum, and a value V p of the characteristic parameter is calculated according to the formula:
- the group of characteristic parameters further comprises the alcoholic strength by volume; the total sugar content; total acidity; pH; the concentration of acetic acid; the concentration of malic acid; the concentration of tartaric acid; the concentration of lactic acid; the content of phenolic compounds.
- calibration values are determined and recorded for these characteristic parameters which are evaluated by calculation for each vinification composition to be analyzed. These characteristic parameters can therefore also be used and evaluated to determine one or more quality indices.
- the invention also extends to a device for implementing a method according to the invention.
- the invention therefore relates to a device for objective qualitative analysis of liquid wine-making compositions, characterized in that it comprises:
- spectroscopic criteria are recorded for a group of characteristic parameters capable of characterizing the quality of a vinification composition to be analyzed, this group comprising the concentrations in the vinification composition of characteristic compounds chosen from at least one compound formed by Botrytis cinerea, at least one compound formed by yeasts, at least one compound formed by acetic bacteria, and at least one compound formed by lactic bacteria, said spectroscopic criteria being chosen for each characteristic parameter for allow the characteristic parameter in a wine-making composition to be evaluated from an infrared absorption spectrum which can be produced on a sample of this wine-making composition,
- spectroscopic analysis means capable of collecting a sample of vinification composition and of carrying out a continuous spectrum of absorption in the infrared of this sample
- - calculation means suitable for applying the spectroscopic criteria of each characteristic parameter to said continuous spectrum and for evaluating by automatic calculation the value of this characteristic parameter in the winemaking composition.
- the group of characteristic parameters comprises the concentration of each of the characteristic compounds belonging to the group formed by gluconic acid, ethanal, ethyl acetate, arabitol, mannitol , sorbitol, 2,3 - butanediol, 3 - methyl - butanol - 1, glycerol, mesoinositol, and isoamyl acetate. Calibration values of these concentrations are therefore recorded in the storage means, and the calculation means are adapted to evaluate the value of these characteristic parameters.
- the selection criteria are chosen for each characteristic parameter to allow the characteristic parameter to be evaluated in a winemaking composition from an absorption spectrum in the near and medium infrared
- the means spectroscopic analysis systems are suitable for performing continuous absorption spectra in the near and medium infrared.
- the spectroscopic analysis means comprise an interferometric spectrometer by Fourier transform.
- the calculation means are adapted to automatically calculate at least one objective quality index of the vinification composition according to a function of said evaluated value of at least one characteristic parameter for the vinification composition to be analyzed.
- the function is a polynomial function.
- the calculation means are adapted to calculate:
- a first quality index representative of the attack on the crop by Botrytis cinerea at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of gluconic acid, mannitol and sorbitol evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application of spectroscopic criteria
- a second quality index representative of the attack by yeasts at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of ethanal, ethyl acetate, arabitol, 2,3 - butanediol, methyl - 3 butanol - 1 , in glycerol, and in isoamyl acetate evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application of spectroscopic criteria,
- a third quality index representative of the attack by acetic bacteria at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of acetic acid, of ethyl acetate and of 2, 3 - butanediol evaluated from the continuous spectrum obtained by application spectroscopic criteria,
- a fourth quality index representative of the attack by lactic acid bacteria at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of lactic acid, mannitol and 2,3 - butanediol, evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application of spectroscopic criteria - and a fifth quality index representative of fermentability, at least as a function of the value of the mesoinositol concentration.
- the calculation means are suitable for evaluating each characteristic parameter and calculating each quality index by computer calculation immediately after the realization of the continuous spectrum by the spectroscopic analysis means, and for delivering the results of these calculations.
- reading means by a user.
- the reading means comprise means for printing a result report.
- a device according to the invention is characterized in that for each characteristic parameter, the calibration values comprise an integer N of spectral bands ⁇ i of predetermined wavelengths, and coefficients Ki and Bo, and in that the calculation means are adapted to calculate a value V P of the characteristic parameter from the luminescence spectral density values Li of said continuous spectrum obtained for the N bands spectral ⁇ i, according to the formula:
- N is between 5 and 30, in particular of the order of 15.
- the group of characteristic parameters further comprises the alcoholic strength by volume; the total sugar content; total acidity; pH; the concentration of acetic acid; the concentration of malic acid; the concentration of tartaric acid; the concentration of lactic acid; the content of phenolic compounds. Calibration values of these concentrations are therefore recorded in the storage means, and the calculation means are adapted to evaluate the value of these characteristic parameters.
- the invention also relates to a method and a device characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
- the preliminary configuration and calibration step is carried out once and for all, for example in the factory during the manufacture of the device according to the invention. Then, the analysis of each winemaking composition is obtained in a single automatic, simple and quick step.
- the invention thus makes it possible to obtain in a simple, rapid, reliable, objective and automatic manner an analysis of a vinification composition.
- the characteristic parameters chosen in a process according to the invention are specific to a quality index, and can be measured in practice by infrared spectroscopy from a continuous spectrum in a significant and relevant way, in particular by interferometric spectrometry by Fourier transform.
- This technology although a priori considered to be one of the most complex in the field of spectroscopy, in particular because it normally requires the carrying out of calibrations, adjustments and heavy and complex calculations.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 1 represents a device according to the invention, comprising a needle 1 for taking a sample of liquid vinification composition for which it is desired to carry out an objective qualitative analysis.
- This sampling needle 1 is connected to filtering means 2 and to pumping means 3 of a predetermined quantity of liquid vinification composition forming the sample to be analyzed, making it possible to feed this sample in an analysis cell 4 spectroscopic.
- the pumping means 3 are motorized and automatically controlled to take the predetermined quantity of liquid vinification composition and maintain it in the cell 4 for a period adapted to allow the realization of a continuous spectrum of absorption in the infrared of the sample present in cell 4.
- These pumping means 3 can be produced in any known manner from a control automaton, from one or more electric motors and from pumps, in particular peristaltic pumps.
- a pump can be provided upstream of cell 4 to introduce the sample into this cell 4, and another pump can be provided downstream of cell 4 to evacuate the sample after analysis out of cell 4 towards a discharge outlet 5, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the device according to the invention also comprises an interferometric spectrometer by Fourier transform 6 adapted to produce a continuous absorption spectrum in the infrared - in particular in the near or the middle infrared, that is to say for lengths d 'waves included 800 nm and 15,000 nm - of the sample present in cell 4.
- an interferometric spectrometer by Fourier transform providing a continuous spectrum in the near or the middle infrared is known in itself. Mention may in particular be made of the FT 120 spectrometer sold by the company FOSS FRANCE SA
- Such an interferometer is fully automatic and incorporates means of calculation by Fourier transformation of the continuous spectrum from the interferogram produced, and data processing software.
- these calculation means are adapted to provide the results of the continuous spectrum in the form of digital data which can be directly addressed to computer calculation means 7 with microprocessor of the device according to the invention.
- computing means 7 are adapted and programmed so as to perform the various calculations of a method according to the invention.
- a mass memory 8 such as a hard disk and / or a disk or floppy drive is associated with the computing means 7 which also include all the electronic components and various traditional peripherals necessary for their operation, which are not shown in FIG. 1.
- calibration values of spectroscopic criteria are recorded for a group of characteristic parameters capable of characterizing the quality of a wine-making composition to be analyzed, this group comprising the concentration in the wine-making composition of characteristic compounds chosen from at least a compound formed by Botrytis cinerea, at least one compound formed by yeasts, at least one compound formed by acetic bacteria, and at least one compound formed by lactic bacteria, said spectroscopic criteria being chosen for each characteristic parameter to allow evaluate the characteristic parameter in a winemaking composition from an infrared absorption spectrum that can be performed on a sample of this winemaking composition.
- the computing means 7 are adapted to apply each spectroscopic criterion of each characteristic parameter to the continuous spectrum developed by the interferometric spectrometer 6, and to evaluate by automatic calculation the value of the characteristic parameter in the vinification composition placed in the cell. 4.
- the calibration values stored in the mass memory 8 include coefficients Ki to be applied to the luminescence spectral density values Li of the continuous spectrum obtained for different spectral bands ⁇ i of predetermined wavelengths .
- N is the whole number of spectral bands ⁇ i retained, which is advantageously between 5 and 30 - in particular of the order of 15 -.
- the different calibration values are established for each characteristic parameter from a statistical analysis of a large number of known standard verification compositions in which the real value of the characteristic parameter is known, for example previously determined by metered additions or physico-chemical measurement in the laboratory.
- the statistical correlation between the continuous spectra obtained for the different vinification compositions and the actual known values of each characteristic parameter making it possible to determine the different Ki coefficients can be carried out from a statistical calculation carried out using a software known statistical calculation, in particular spectroscopic statistical software as marketed by the company FOSS FRANCE SA (Nanterre, France).
- the choice, number and characteristics (origin, grape varieties, vinification methods, etc.) of standard vinification compositions can also be adapted, according to the same characteristics (origin, grape varieties, vinification methods, etc.) of the compositions. of vinification to be analyzed to optimize the calibration. For example, it is possible to complete the initial calibration using standard wine-making compositions from the same wine region as that of the wine-making compositions to be analyzed.
- the calculation means 7 are adapted to automatically calculate also at least one objective quality index of the winemaking composition according to a function of the value of at least one characteristic parameter. More particularly according to the invention, the calculation means 7 are adapted to calculate:
- first quality index Q representative of the attack on the crop by Botrytis cinerea, at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of gluconic acid, mannitol and sorbitol evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application of spectroscopic criteria
- second quality index Q 2 representative of the attack by yeasts, at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of ethanal, ethyl acetate, arabitol, 2,3 - butanediol, methyl - 3 butanol - 1 , in glycerol, and in isoamyl acetate evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application of spectroscopic criteria
- - a third quality index Q 3 representative of the attack by acetic bacteria, at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of acetic acid, of ethyl acetate, and of 2,3 - butanediol evaluated from the continuous spectrum obtained by applying spectroscopic criteria
- - a fourth quality index Q 4 representative of the attack by lactic acid bacteria, at least as a function of the value of the concentrations of lactic acid, of mannitol, and of 2,3 - butanediol, evaluated from the continuous spectrum by application spectroscopic criteria
- - and a fifth quality index Q 5 representative of fermentability, at least as a function of the value of the mesoinositol concentration.
- each quality index Q_ is calculated as a polynomial function of the different characteristic parameters.
- one or more other general quality index (s) can be developed from the alcoholic strength by volume, the total sugar content, the total acid, the pH, the concentration of malic acid and tartaric acid, and the content of phenolic compounds.
- the calculation means 7 are advantageously adapted to evaluate each characteristic parameter and to automatically calculate each quality index Q j by computer calculation, this immediately after the completion of the continuous spectrum by the interferometric spectrometer 6.
- the choice of the different quality indices Q j and their formula for calculating from the values of the characteristic parameters may vary to a certain extent according to the nature of the vinification composition (must and / or wine), or according to the characteristics (origin, grape varieties, winemaking methods, etc.) of the winemaking compositions to be analyzed.
- relevant calibration values of the various characteristic parameters mentioned above can be defined with an integer N of wavelengths between 5 and 30 - in particular of the order of 15 - making it possible to calculate the same quality indices Q j with the same calculation formulas which remain valid for the majority of musts and wines which may be encountered.
- the general character of the calculation depends on the number of samples of vmification compositions which were used to statistically develop the calibration values, and on the fineness of the spectroscopic criteria used, that is to say in particular the number of lengths of waves used for each parameter.
- the different calibration values Ki and Bo can be determined statistically, either by multiple linear regression, or, preferably, by a PLS type calculation ("Partial least square").
- the calibration values may also include slope and ordinate corrections to the initial origin, that is to say constants at ⁇ and ⁇ to be applied to the value V p mentioned above, according to each parameter. characteristic, according to the formula ⁇ . V p + ⁇ , these constants ⁇ and ⁇ varying from one device to another, in particular to compensate for the drifts specific to each interferometric spectrometer 6. The quality indices are then calculated from the corrected values ⁇ . V p + ⁇ .
- the results of the analysis are communicated by the computing means 7 to a user interface 9 comprising reading means 10 which comprise means for printing a result report and / or a display screen.
- the results are communicated in the form of a list of the various quality indices Q ⁇ calculated.
- the report also indicates the date and / or time of the analysis and the identification information of the vinification composition sample analyzed.
- the user interface 9 also advantageously comprises a control button 11 making it possible to start the sampling of the sample by the needle
- the device according to the invention is particularly compact, simple and reliable to use. It should be noted in particular that all of the elements described above with the exception of the sampling needle 1, and of the user interface 9 can be integrated inside a closed casing 12. The user only has to place the sampling needle 1 in the sample contained in a container and then to actuate the control button 11. After waiting for a few seconds, of the order of one to two minutes maximum , the results are supplied to it by the reading means 10 in the form of a list of quality indices.
- FIG. 2 represents a flow diagram of an analysis method according to the invention.
- This method comprises a preliminary configuration and calibration step 13 during which the device according to the invention is prepared to allow its operation.
- the various characteristic parameters used to characterize the quality of a winemaking composition which must be analyzed later are chosen. These characteristic parameters are those which have been mentioned above.
- the N spectral bands ⁇ i are chosen, and the different calibration values Ki, Bo for the different spectral bands ⁇ i are determined by statistical calculation, by analyzing a multitude of compositions of winemaking whose values of said characteristic parameters are also known.
- This preliminary statistical calculation is carried out during step 14.
- the different calibration values ⁇ i, Ki and Bo are stored in the mass memory 8.
- a sample 17 is first taken from the sample, then the continuous spectrum of this sample is developed 18 using the interferometer spectrometer by Fourier transform 6. From this spectrum and the calibration values ⁇ i, Ki and Bo previously memorized, then the step V 19 of the different values V p of the different characteristic parameters is calculated for the different spectral bands ⁇ i. Then, in step 20, the different quality indices j are calculated from the different values V p of the characteristic parameters, and these quality indices are delivered to the reading means 10.
- the various spectroscopic analyzes are carried out by the FT 120 interferometer spectrometer from the company FOSS FRANCE SA, and the statistical calculations by the statistical spectrum analysis software marketed with this device.
- the following tables give wavelengths (in number of pins) delimiting the spectral bands ⁇ i and the calibration coefficients Ki and Bo for the spectral bands ⁇ i, obtained with the additive samples dosed for each characteristic parameter.
- the correction coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ corresponding to the device used are also given.
- the tables also give the concentration discrimination rates obtained with the number of spectral bands ⁇ i used.
- Ethanal not initially present in musts is formed specifically by yeasts. It detects the presence of yeasts and the start of fermentation and can be used in the Q quality index.
- Arabitol has the same properties as ethanal, and can be used in the calculation of the quality index Q 2 .
- Methyl - 3 - butanol 1 has substantially the same properties as ethanal, and can be used in the calculation of the quality index Q 2 .
- Isoamyl acetate has the same properties as ethanal, and can be used in the calculation of the quality index Q 2 .
- Glycerol has the same properties as ethanal, and can be used in the calculation of the quality index Q 2 .
- 2,3 - BUTANEDIOL ⁇ i DE A Ki ⁇ 446 446 Kl 61624.13783 ⁇ 2 566 567 K2 115022.21030 ⁇ 3 358 358 K3 315082.03317 ⁇ 295 295 K4 25522.71367 ⁇ 5 311 31 K5 61376.66922 ⁇ 6 352 354 K6 187 078 459 K 738 739 K9 - 99409.32842 ⁇ lO 378 379 K10 256606.18712 ⁇ ll 264 264 Kll -31295.02573 ⁇ 12 258 260 K12 15678.84745 ⁇ l3 320 321 K13 165 106.31604 ⁇ l4 331 333 K14 121745.91275 ⁇ l5 398 3976
- 2,3 - Butanediol is formed by yeasts and bacteria. It can be used in the calculation of the quality indices Q 2 , Q 3 and Q 4 .
- Ethyl acetate not initially present in musts is formed specifically by acetic bacteria and certain yeasts. It can be used in the calculation of the quality indices Q 2 and Q 3 .
- Mannitol is formed specifically by lactic acid bacteria and Botrytis cinerea. It can be used in the calculation of Q ! and Q 2 .
- Sorbitol is formed specifically by Botrytis cinerea and can be used in the calculation of the quality index Q ⁇
- Gluconic acid is formed specifically by Botrytis cinerea and can be used in the calculation of the quality index Qj.
- Mesoinositol occurs naturally in musts and is formed by yeast growth. It can be used in the calculation of the quality index Q 5 of fermentability.
- each quality index can for example be calculated by the simple sum of the values obtained for each characteristic parameter which composes it, and compared to a reference value of a wine composition considered to be of good quality by oenological theory or practice.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9910627A FR2797688B1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 1999-08-19 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OBJECTIVE QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF GRAPE MUST AND / OR WINE BY BROADBAND INFRARED SPECTROMETRY |
FR9910627 | 1999-08-19 | ||
PCT/DK2000/000455 WO2001014857A1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2000-08-17 | Method and device for objective qualitative analysis of grape must and/or wines using wideband infrared spectrometry |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1206695A1 true EP1206695A1 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP00952960A Withdrawn EP1206695A1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2000-08-17 | Method and device for objective qualitative analysis of grape must and/or wines using wideband infrared spectrometry |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6885003B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1206695A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU775934B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2797688B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ517795A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001014857A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200202071B (en) |
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DE10124917B4 (en) * | 2001-05-28 | 2007-03-22 | Bionorica Ag | Method for classifying wine and coffee |
SE527130C2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-12-27 | Delaval Holding Ab | Apparatus and method for feeding animals |
FR2886405B1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2007-08-10 | Marc Dubernet | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASSESSING THE CONTENT OF OCHRATOXIN A AND / OR ASPERGILLUS CARBONARIUS OF MUSTS AND WINES |
AU2005100565B4 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2006-02-02 | The Australian Wine Research Institute | Non-destructive analysis by VIS-NIR spectroscopy of fluid(s) in its original container |
ATE478334T1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-09-15 | Foss Analytical As | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TESTING A VINIFICATION LIQUID |
BRPI0817861A2 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2015-05-05 | Horizon Science Pty Ltd | Process for making sugar products having desired levels of specific phytochemicals, processes for making food product, process for making sugar cane extract and process for making low-sugar sugar product |
US8557184B2 (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2013-10-15 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Devices and methods for measuring the acidity of airborne matter using UV-visible spectrometry |
US8507231B2 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2013-08-13 | Syngenta Participations Ag | High throughput screening platform for high ethanol production |
WO2012106761A1 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-16 | Horizon Science Pty Ltd | Sugar extracts |
WO2014032100A1 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | Phytolin Pty Ltd | Extraction method |
AU2014306366B9 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2020-03-26 | Poly Gain Pte Ltd | Sugar cane derived extracts and methods of treatment |
DE102014203815B4 (en) | 2014-03-03 | 2015-10-01 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Wine analysis method and associated apparatus |
WO2017137805A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2017-08-17 | Foss Analytical A/S | Systems for and method of quantitative measure of components of a liquid |
ES2659688B1 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2018-12-27 | Inbiolev, S.L. | CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MALOLACTIC WINE FERMENTATION |
DE202016106837U1 (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2018-03-09 | Trioliet B. V. | Mixer feeders |
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DE2809910C2 (en) | 1978-03-08 | 1986-06-26 | Diessel Gmbh & Co, 3200 Hildesheim | Method for the quantitative determination of constituents of beer |
US5187368A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1993-02-16 | Glaxo Inc. | Detection method for liquids using near infrared spectra |
FR2683826B1 (en) * | 1991-11-19 | 1994-03-04 | Bio Serae Laboratoires Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING LACCASE ACTIVITY IN MUSTS BY THE SYRINGALDAZINE METHOD. |
DE69508062T2 (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1999-06-24 | Bp Chemicals Ltd., London | DETERMINATION OF A PROPERTY |
EP0706040A1 (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-10 | Bp Chemicals S.N.C. | Property determination |
US6070128A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 2000-05-30 | Eutech Engineering Solutions Limited | Method for determining properties using near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy |
ZA964319B (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 1997-02-24 | Orbisphere Lab | Spectroscopic method. |
AT406711B (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-08-25 | Joanneum Research Forschungsge | PROCEDURE FOR THE SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF ALCOHOLS WITH 1 TO 5 CARBON ATOMS |
US6624888B2 (en) * | 2000-01-12 | 2003-09-23 | North Dakota State University | On-the-go sugar sensor for determining sugar content during harvesting |
-
1999
- 1999-08-19 FR FR9910627A patent/FR2797688B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-08-17 US US10/049,819 patent/US6885003B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-17 WO PCT/DK2000/000455 patent/WO2001014857A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-17 NZ NZ517795A patent/NZ517795A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-17 EP EP00952960A patent/EP1206695A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-17 AU AU65585/00A patent/AU775934B2/en not_active Expired
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2002
- 2002-03-13 ZA ZA200202071A patent/ZA200202071B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See references of WO0114857A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6885003B1 (en) | 2005-04-26 |
ZA200202071B (en) | 2003-08-27 |
FR2797688A1 (en) | 2001-02-23 |
AU6558500A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
AU775934B2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
NZ517795A (en) | 2003-08-29 |
WO2001014857A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
FR2797688B1 (en) | 2001-11-02 |
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