EP1194995A1 - Axle drive unit, in particular an electrical drive unit for driving a wheel axle of the transaxle type - Google Patents

Axle drive unit, in particular an electrical drive unit for driving a wheel axle of the transaxle type

Info

Publication number
EP1194995A1
EP1194995A1 EP01943279A EP01943279A EP1194995A1 EP 1194995 A1 EP1194995 A1 EP 1194995A1 EP 01943279 A EP01943279 A EP 01943279A EP 01943279 A EP01943279 A EP 01943279A EP 1194995 A1 EP1194995 A1 EP 1194995A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical machine
unit
electrical
axle
wheel axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01943279A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfram Angerer
Uwe Mühlberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Turbo GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Voith Turbo GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Turbo GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Voith Turbo GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1194995A1 publication Critical patent/EP1194995A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/32—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/02—Dynamic electric resistor braking
    • B60L7/06—Dynamic electric resistor braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/0094—Structural association with other electrical or electronic devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/049—Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
    • H02K11/05—Rectifiers associated with casings, enclosures or brackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/106—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with dynamo-electric brakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • Axle drive unit in particular electrical drive unit for driving a wheel axle in a transaxle design
  • the invention relates to an axle drive unit, in particular an electric drive unit for driving a wheel axle in
  • Electric drives for vehicles in particular hybrid drives for vehicles, are known in a large number of designs with regard to their design and structure.
  • Designs for driving a front wheel axle of a vehicle are preferably carried out in a transaxle design.
  • the axle drive unit comprises an electric drive machine which can be operated as an electric motor in traction mode and which is connected to the drive unit via a gear unit
  • the power for operating the electric drive machine is provided via an energy supply system, which can be designed differently depending on the choice of the energy source.
  • the designs of the energy source in the form of an internal combustion engine, an energy storage unit or a so-called fuel cell are conceivable.
  • means for transmitting the power to the electric drive machine are required.
  • at least one converter unit is assigned to it, which determine the sizes of the torque and speed that can be removed from the rotor of the electric drive machine.
  • the rotor of the electric drive machine is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to an input of the gear unit viewed in the direction of power flow in traction mode.
  • the output of the gear unit is rotatably coupled to the wheel axle.
  • wheel axle refers to the coupling with the wheels, which are non-rotatably connected to the axle, and thus there is no relative movement between the wheels and the wheel axle.
  • the wheel axle functions as a drive shaft for the wheels, which are non-rotatably coupled to the wheels.
  • wheel axle is used in the following.
  • the drive and the output of the gear unit as well as the rotor of the electric drive machine and the wheel axle are arranged coaxially to one another. Specifically, this means that, for example, the rotor of the electrical machine and the drive of the gear unit enclose the wheel axis.
  • At least one converter unit is provided, which can be arranged at any distance from the electrical machine in the vehicle.
  • the coupling takes place via appropriately shielded cable.
  • cooling water lines must be provided between the converter units in addition to the line cables to implement a separate cooling circuit. Because of the spatial separation, the line routing required for this is usually also very complex and complicated. Furthermore, a long cable run also increases the frequency-dependent effects of electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields on the environment, especially living beings and technical systems. The impact that can be summed up under the term electromagnetic compatibility is defined by numerous national and international standards. Appropriate shielding must be provided to ensure compliance with the specified limit values. However, this depends on the cable routing and can differ greatly from case to case, with the so-called EMC shielding having to be carried out separately for each application with different boundary conditions.
  • Integrate braking resistor modules in the drive system in an optimal way. Since these are electrically coupled to the electrical machine, there are the same problems in versions with a considerable spatial distance as in the arrangement of the converter units.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of further developing an embodiment of an axle drive unit, in particular an electric drive unit for driving wheel axles of a vehicle, in such a way that an optimum use of space with regard to the components which can be assigned to the electric drive machine is obtained with simultaneous use
  • Machine and brake resistor assembly or electrical machine and converter assembly line connections are to be reduced to a minimum and furthermore the heat generated for a cooling system for cooling the lines or for transporting the heat generated in the brake resistor assembly is to be kept as low as possible.
  • the solution according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1. Advantageous configurations are given in the subclaims.
  • the axle drive unit in particular the electric drive unit for driving a wheel axle of a vehicle, comprises at least one electric drive machine with at least one rotor and a stator and a gear unit which, viewed in the direction of power flow in traction mode, is interposed between the electric drive machine and the wheel axle.
  • Drive machine is at least indirectly non-rotatably connected to an input of the gear unit, which is also referred to as a drive, that is to say coupled either directly or with the interposition of further power-transmitting elements.
  • An output of the gear unit which is also referred to as an output, is at least indirectly non-rotatably connected to the wheel axle. This means that the rotationally fixed connection either takes place directly from the output of the gear unit with the wheel axle or with the interposition of further power transmission elements.
  • the gear unit and the wheel axle are arranged coaxially to one another.
  • at least one converter unit is assigned to it.
  • a braking resistor unit is assigned to convert the electrical energy generated in generator operation of the electrical machine into thermal energy.
  • the electric drive machine forms a structural unit with the converter unit, while the braking resistor assembly is arranged around the input or output shaft of the electric machine or the wheel axis, in particular the circumference thereof.
  • the definition of the input and output shaft always refers to the direction of the power flow in the motor and generator operation of the electrical machine. This term does not necessarily mean only elements in the form of shaft ends, but also includes the rotating elements, which can take over the function of the input or output shaft.
  • the solution according to the invention makes it possible to provide an axle drive unit which is designed with optimum utilization, particularly with regard to the available installation space.
  • the space available which does not have to be made available for other power-transmitting elements, is generally used.
  • the connecting lines required for electrical coupling can be kept very short.
  • the EMC shielding can be carried out jointly for the entire structural unit consisting of an electrical machine and a braking resistor unit that act as a drive motor in traction mode. This also applies to the additional integration of the converter module in the electrical machine. Furthermore, there is
  • Braking resistor assembly takes place on the housing of the electrical machine acting as the drive motor.
  • Housings have a variety of options. This is preferably done mechanically by flanging the braking resistor assembly on
  • Braking resistor assembly and the electric motor for example in the form of an electrical connector to use these means for attachment.
  • the electrical machine it is necessary that the electrical machine must be designed in a corresponding manner with regard to the means for electrical coupling.
  • Either one or more braking resistor assemblies are assigned to each electrical machine functioning as the drive motor.
  • the braking resistor assembly is arranged in a ring around the input or output shaft of the electrical machine functioning as a drive motor, or else viewed side by side in the axial direction in the installed position in the drive system.
  • the first-mentioned case offers the advantage that, with regard to their geometric configuration, conventionally designed braking resistor units in the manner according to the invention in
  • Powertrain can be integrated individually or in multiples.
  • an embodiment of the electrical braking resistor assembly is preferably selected which is suitable for at least partially enclosing the input or output shaft, an annular configuration of the braking resistor assembly preferably being sought.
  • the braking resistor assembly can then be arranged coaxially with the input or output shaft of the electrical machine functioning as the drive motor. This possibility of arrangement represents the cheapest variant with regard to the provision of the connection elements and the required installation space.
  • braking resistor assemblies are also preferably ring-shaped and have a modular structure such that, viewed in the axial direction in the installation position, they are arranged next to one another and coaxially with the input and output shaft of the electrical machine acting as the drive motor.
  • the individual resistance modules are coupled to one another via positive and non-positive connections.
  • Braking resistor assembly is dimensioned such that it is possible to enclose the input or output shaft of the electrical machine functioning as the drive motor. According to the dimensions in the axial direction, i.e. the extension of the braking resistor assembly away from the housing wall of the electrical machine, there is the possibility that the braking resistor assembly not only encloses the input or output shaft of the electrical machine acting as the drive motor, but also the coupling with the possibly connected shaft train or another transmission element , The coupling between the input and output shaft of the electrical machine and the
  • Shaft train or other element for power transmission for example, a speed / torque conversion or transmission device
  • a speed / torque conversion or transmission device can be designed in a variety of ways.
  • both - shaft train or speed / torque conversion or transmission device, in particular their connecting shaft, and input or output shaft of the electrical machine - each have a flange-like end region, the two flange-like end regions being able to be coupled to one another in a positive and / or non-positive manner are.
  • coupling devices are also conceivable.
  • the solution according to the invention can be used for drive systems with at least one electric and motor-operated electrical machine which can be coupled at least indirectly to at least one wheel to be driven via a shaft train, regardless of the type of energy supply carried out in traction mode, which determines the type of drive system.
  • an internal combustion engine functions as the energy source, which can be mechanically coupled to an electrical machine that can be operated as a generator in traction mode.
  • the electrical machine that can be operated as a generator can be electrically coupled to the electrical machine that functions as the drive motor.
  • the electrical coupling takes place via a so-called voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the electrical machine, which can be operated as a generator, and the electrical machine which functions as a drive motor in traction mode are assigned corresponding devices in the form of converters for controlling the electrical power which can be generated or absorbed, which can be controlled.
  • chemical energy is converted into electrical energy via a fuel cell unit, which energy can be used to feed the electrical machine that functions as the drive motor.
  • electrical power is made available from an external network, which is used to feed the electrical machine which acts as the drive motor.
  • a structural unit is understood to be a summary of the electrical machine and the converter unit assigned to it, which is characterized in that, structurally speaking, there is no spatial separation, i.e. the converter unit is arranged in the region of the electrical machine, in particular its housing, and touches it independently of the possibly required connecting lines for electrical coupling.
  • the components belonging to the converter unit are generally combined in one housing.
  • An electrical connection to the electrical machine can be implemented via corresponding connections.
  • the converter module has corresponding means, preferably in the form of screwable connections.
  • a structural unit consisting of an electrical machine and an associated converter unit can be formed in different ways. It is essential that there is always an electrical coupling. In addition, there is
  • the specific implementation can include a combination of these coupling options.
  • the mechanical coupling between the converter unit and the electrical machine assigned to it is implemented by means of the electrical coupling.
  • the means for mechanical coupling with the means for electrical coupling are formed by the same component or the same components. This means, for example, that the realization of an electrical screwable connection enables this at the same time the mechanical coupling between the electrical machine and the converter unit assigned to it.
  • the corresponding arrangement of the converter unit and the design of the electrical coupling enable the converter unit to be carried on the electrical machine.
  • the means for electrical coupling and the means for realizing the mechanical coupling are assigned to different components.
  • the mechanical coupling takes place via means which enable coupling between the housing of the converter unit and the housing or another carrier element of the electrical machine. These can act positively, non-positively and / or materially. This offers the advantage of a fixed assignment of the converter unit to the electrical one
  • a releasable connection will preferably be used. This offers the advantage of simple replacement in the event of malfunctions and / or in the event of a desired adaptation to other boundary conditions which require the use of a different type of converter unit.
  • the converter units themselves can be designed as inverter units of different types. In the simplest case, one includes
  • Converter unit at least one diode rectifier device. This in turn can have branches in which a plurality of diodes are connected in parallel and / or in series. Diodes of the same type are preferably used.
  • Inverter units are referred to the well-known relevant specialist literature.
  • the gear unit and the electrical machine are preferably arranged in close spatial proximity to one another.
  • At least the braking resistor assembly is arranged on the end face of the electrical machine which is directed away from the transmission assembly.
  • the converter unit is implemented either if there is still space available on the end face or on the circumference of the electrical unit
  • an embodiment is selected which is characterized in the installed position by the fact that the converter unit is arranged in front of or behind the electrical machine in a side view of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of an axle drive designed according to the invention in a simplified representation using a sectional illustration
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b when compared with one another, illustrate alternative design and arrangement options for brake resistor assemblies.
  • FIG. 1 uses an axial section to illustrate the basic structure of an axle drive unit 1 designed according to the invention, in particular in the form of an electric drive unit 2 for driving a wheel axle 3 in a transaxle design.
  • the final drive unit 1 comprises at least one, in
  • the gear unit 5 is arranged between the electric machine 4 and the wheel axle 3 to be driven.
  • wheel axle is chosen in relation to the wheels, since the wheel axle can be coupled to the wheels in a rotationally fixed manner, ie none
  • the electrical machine 4 comprises at least one rotor 6 and a stator 7, the rotor 6 being connected to an input 8 of the gear unit 5 in a rotationally fixed manner when viewed in the direction of power flow in traction mode. That entrance
  • the electrical machine 4 is preferably designed as a transverse flux machine. With a small size, this enables a high force density and is therefore ideally suited for use in vehicles.
  • the gear unit 5 also has at least one output 9 which, when viewed in the direction of power flow in traction mode, functions as an output of the gear unit 5 and is at least indirectly connected to the wheel axle 3 in a rotationally fixed manner. Specifically, this means that the output 9, that is to say the output of the gear unit 5, is either connected directly to the wheel axle 3 in a rotationally fixed manner or else more
  • the transmission assembly 5 comprises, in addition to a planetary gear stage 23, a differential 25 coupled to an output 24 of the planetary gear stage 23.
  • the input 8 of the gear unit 5 is formed by the sun gear 23.1 of the planetary gear stage 23.
  • the web 23.2 which is connected to an input 27 of the differential 25, functions as the output 24.
  • the differential 25 has two outputs 26.1 and 26.2, which simultaneously form the outputs 9.1 and 9.2 of the gear unit 5 and rotate with the Wheel axle, in particular the individual wheel axle parts 3.1 and 3.2, which are each connected to a wheel in a rotationally fixed manner, are coupled.
  • the gear unit 5 is preferably arranged coaxially with the wheel axis 3.
  • the gear unit unit is essentially asymmetrical with respect to the wheel axis 3
  • the electrical machine 4 is assigned at least one braking resistor unit 10 to convert the electrical energy generated in generator mode by the electrical machine 4 functioning as a wheel drive motor in the traction mode for different purposes.
  • This braking resistor assembly 10 is arranged on the electrical machine 4, preferably designed to be flange-mounted on it.
  • at least one converter unit 11 is assigned to the electric drive machine 4 for actuation, in particular for influencing the speed / torque conversion.
  • the converter assembly 11 is furthermore either arranged directly on the electrical machine 4 or integrated therein and thus forms a structural unit 20 with the latter.
  • the braking resistor assembly 10 is arranged on the housing 12 of the electrical machine 4 on the end face 13 of the housing 12 facing away from the transmission assembly 5.
  • Arrangement in the radial direction is based on the Rotation axis R E of the electrical machine 4 preferably in a region between the rotation axis R E and the outer circumference 14 of the housing 12 of the electrical machine.
  • An extension beyond the outer circumference 14 in the radial direction is also conceivable.
  • designs are sought that meet the requirements in
  • the braking resistor assembly 10 is arranged around the circumference of the input or output shaft 28 of the electrical machine 4 or the wheel axle 3. With this design, existing installation space, which cannot be used for other power-transmitting elements, is used in an ideal manner to accommodate power elements.
  • the braking resistor assembly 10 can be electrically coupled to the electrical machine 4.
  • the definition of the input or output shaft of the electrical machine 4 always relates to the direction of the power flow in motor and generator operation. This term is not necessarily understood to mean only elements in the form of shaft ends, but also rotating elements which can take over the function of the drives or drives.
  • Each electrical machine 4 functioning as a drive motor is at least one, but preferably several
  • the braking resistor assembly 10 or 10.1 to 10.n in a version with a plurality of braking resistor assemblies 10.1 to 10.n they are either ring-shaped in succession around the circumference of the wheel axle 3 as shown in FIG. 2a or in the axial direction in the installed position of the axle drive unit 1 considered in each case around the circumference of the wheel axle, but arranged side by side.
  • This embodiment is shown in FIG. 2b in a view from the side according to FIG. 1, but in a substantially simplified representation.
  • the individual resistance units 10.1 to 10.n are preferably combined to form a structural unit 15 which is flanged to the end face 13 of the electrical machine 4. The attachment takes place by means of positive and / or non-positive connections.
  • Braking resistor assemblies 10.1 to 10.n are preferred in terms of their design and dimensioning carried out the same.
  • Their dimensions in the radial direction are preferably dimensioned such that they do not extend beyond a dimension which corresponds to that of the outer circumference 15 of the electrical machine 4.
  • the radial extension preferably follows in the area between the outer circumference 16 of the wheel axle or a part 17 of the housing 12 of the electrical machine 4 which wraps around it and the outer circumference 14 of the electrical machine 4.
  • the end face 13 of the Housing 12 is free of the arrangement of the converter assembly 11. This is assigned to the electric drive machine 4 in another area of its outer circumference on the housing 12.
  • the arrangement in the installed position on the vehicle is preferably viewed in a side view in front of or behind the electrical machine 4. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 2b.
  • Another arrangement option, not shown here, for the braking resistor unit and / or the converter unit 11 with significantly different dimensions in the radial direction of the electric drive machine 4 and the transmission unit 5 consists in arranging them on the end facing the transmission unit above the transmission unit.
  • the converter unit 11 and the electrical machine 4 form a structural unit.
  • Unit 20 there are a variety of options.
  • the specific design of the electrical coupling and any additional mechanical coupling between converter unit 11 and electrical machine 4 is at the discretion of the person skilled in the art and is carried out according to the application and the circumstances of the standardized elements used.
  • the assembly 20 is thereby realized at least by the electrical coupling between the converter assembly 11 and the electrical machine 4.
  • the electrical machine has four connections 21, not shown here in detail, which come into operative connection with complementary connections on the converter unit 11 assigned to them when coupled.
  • the arrangement of the converter unit 11 on the electrical machine 4 it is possible to fix the converter unit 11 on the electrical machine 4 using the means for realizing the electrical coupling between the converter unit 11 and the electrical machine 4 alone.
  • the means for electrical coupling which comprise connecting elements designed to be complementary to one another, then simultaneously form the means for the mechanical connection between the converter unit 11 and the electrical machine 4.
  • means for additional mechanical coupling between the Converter unit 11 and the electrical machine 4 are provided. In the simplest case, this is realized by an additional fastening of the converter unit 11, for example the housing 22 of the converter unit, to the electrical machine 4.
  • the specific design of the coupling lies in
  • the solution according to the invention is particularly advantageously suitable in an axle drive version for use in vehicles, in particular cars, the electrical machine 4 preferably being used as a transverse flux machine, that is to say an AC machine with a transverse flux guide.
  • axle drive unit (1) in particular electric drive unit (2) for driving a wheel axle (3) for use in vehicles;
  • gear unit (5) comprising at least one input (8) which can be connected to the rotor (6) of the electrical machine (4) in a rotationally fixed manner and at least one output (9.1, 9.2) which is rotationally fixed with the wheel axle (3) is connectable;
  • a braking resistor assembly (10) assigned; characterized by the following features: 1.5 the converter unit (11) is combined with the electrical machine (4) to form a structural unit (20); 1.6 the braking resistor assembly (10) is in the immediate spatial
  • Means for mechanically connecting the converter unit (11) to the electrical machine (4) are provided.
  • final drive unit (1) characterized in that means for electrical coupling of the converter unit (11) with the electrical machine (4) and the means for mechanical coupling are formed by the same components.
  • Axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the converter unit (11) on an end face
  • axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the means for mechanical coupling between the electrical machine (4) and the associated
  • Converter unit (11) comprise connecting means (21, 22) which are complementary to one another on the elements (4, 11) to be connected to one another and enable a non-positive connection. 5
  • axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the means for mechanical coupling between the electrical machine (4) and the associated converter unit (11) comprise mutually complementary o connecting means (21, 22), which is a form-fitting
  • axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the following features:
  • the braking resistor units (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5) are annular in a view of the wheel axis (3) in the axial direction in one plane around the circumference of the input or output shaft (28) of the electrical machine (4) or Grouped wheel axle (3).
  • Axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the individual braking resistor assembly (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) has a geometric structure which in the circumferential direction of the input or output shaft (28) of the electrical machine (4) or the wheel axle (3) at least partially surrounds it.
  • Axle drive unit (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the braking resistor assembly (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) is annular.
  • Axle drive unit (1) according to claim 11, characterized by the following features: 12.1 there are a plurality of braking resistor units (10.1, 10.2,
  • Axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the electrical machine (4) is designed as a transverse flux machine.
  • the energy supply system comprises a fuel cell which is electrically connected to the electrical machine.
  • axle drive unit (1) 15.1 with an axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13; 15.2 with an energy supply system for the axle drive unit (1);
  • the energy supply system includes one

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Abstract

The invention relates to an axle drive unit (1), in particular an electrical drive unit, driving a wheel axle, for application in motor vehicles, with an electric motor, comprising a rotor and a stator, a gearset, comprising at least one input, which may be rotationally fixed to the rotor of the electric motor and at least one output which may be rotationally fixed to the wheel axle. The electric motor, input and output of the gearset and the wheel axle are arranged coaxially to each other. At least one converter (11) and a brake resistance unit are connected to the electric motor. The invention is characterised in that the converter (11) forms a constructional unit with the electric motor. The brake resistance unit is in the direct spatial vicinity of the electric motor and arranged around the driven and driving shaft of the electric motor or the wheel axle.

Description

Achsantriebseinheit, insbesondere elektrische Antriebseinheit zum Antrieb einer Radachse in Transaxelbauweise Axle drive unit, in particular electrical drive unit for driving a wheel axle in a transaxle design
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Achsantriebseinheit, insbesondere eine elektrische Antriebseinheit zum Antrieb einer Radachse inThe invention relates to an axle drive unit, in particular an electric drive unit for driving a wheel axle in
Transaxel bauweise, im einzelnen mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.Transaxel construction, in particular with the features from the preamble of claim 1.
Elektrische Antriebe für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Hybridantriebe für Fahrzeuge sind in einer Vielzahl von Ausführungen hinsichtlich ihrer konstruktiven Ausgestaltung und des Aufbaus bekannt. Ausführungen zum Antrieb einer Vorderradachse eines Fahrzeuges werden dabei vorzugsweise in Transaxelbauweise ausgeführt. Die Achsantriebseinheit umfaßt in diesem Fall eine im Traktionsbetrieb als Elektromotor betreibbare elektrische Antriebsmaschine, welche über eine Getriebebaueinheit mit derElectric drives for vehicles, in particular hybrid drives for vehicles, are known in a large number of designs with regard to their design and structure. Designs for driving a front wheel axle of a vehicle are preferably carried out in a transaxle design. In this case, the axle drive unit comprises an electric drive machine which can be operated as an electric motor in traction mode and which is connected to the drive unit via a gear unit
Radachse verbunden ist. Die Leistung zum Betrieb der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine wird über ein Energieversorgungssystem bereitgestellt, welches je nach Wahl der Energiequelle unterschiedlich ausgeführt sein kann. Denkbar sind dabei die Ausführungen der Energiequelle in Form einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, einer Energiespeichereinheit oder einer sogenannten Brennstoffzelle. In jedem Fall sind Mittel zur Übertragung der Leistung zur elektrischen Antriebsmaschine erforderlich. Zur Steuerung der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine ist dieser mindestens eine Umrichtereinheit zugeordnet, welche die am Rotor der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine abnehmbaren Größen Moment und Drehzahl hinsichtlich ihrer Größe bestimmen.Wheel axle is connected. The power for operating the electric drive machine is provided via an energy supply system, which can be designed differently depending on the choice of the energy source. The designs of the energy source in the form of an internal combustion engine, an energy storage unit or a so-called fuel cell are conceivable. In any case, means for transmitting the power to the electric drive machine are required. In order to control the electric drive machine, at least one converter unit is assigned to it, which determine the sizes of the torque and speed that can be removed from the rotor of the electric drive machine.
Bei Ausführungen in Transaxelbauweise ist der Rotor der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine mit einem im Traktionsbetrieb in Leistungsflußrichtung betrachtet Eingang der Getriebebaueinheit drehfest verbunden. DerIn the case of transaxel designs, the rotor of the electric drive machine is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to an input of the gear unit viewed in the direction of power flow in traction mode. The
Ausgang der Getriebebaueinheit ist drehfest mit der Radachse gekoppelt. Der Begriff Radachse bezieht sich dabei auf die Kopplung mit den Rädern, welche drehfest mit der Achse verbunden sind, und somit keine Relativbewegung zwischen Rädern und Radachse erfolgt. Bezüglich der Leistungsübertragung fungiert die Radachse jedoch als Antriebswelle für die Räder, wobei diese drehfest mit dieser gekoppelt sind. Jedoch wird im nachfolgenden der Begriff Radachse verwendet. Der Antrieb und der Abtrieb der Getriebebaueinheit sowie der Rotor der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine und die Radachse sind koaxial zueinander angeordnet. Dies bedeutet im einzelnen, daß beispielsweise der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine und der Antrieb der Getriebebaueinheit die Radachse umschließt.The output of the gear unit is rotatably coupled to the wheel axle. The term wheel axle refers to the coupling with the wheels, which are non-rotatably connected to the axle, and thus there is no relative movement between the wheels and the wheel axle. With regard to the power transmission, however, the wheel axle functions as a drive shaft for the wheels, which are non-rotatably coupled to the wheels. However, the term wheel axle is used in the following. The drive and the output of the gear unit as well as the rotor of the electric drive machine and the wheel axle are arranged coaxially to one another. Specifically, this means that, for example, the rotor of the electrical machine and the drive of the gear unit enclose the wheel axis.
Zur Ansteuerung der elektrischen Maschine ist mindestens eine Umrichterbaueinheit vorgesehen, welche in beliebiger Entfernung von der elektrischen Maschine im Fahrzeug angeordnet sein kann. Die Kopplung erfolgt dabei über entsprechend geschirmte Leitungskabel. ZurTo control the electrical machine, at least one converter unit is provided, which can be arranged at any distance from the electrical machine in the vehicle. The coupling takes place via appropriately shielded cable. to
Gewährleistung einer sicheren Betriebsweise sind dann zusätzlich zu den Leitungskabeln Kühlwasserleitungen zwischen den Umrichtereinheiten zur Realisierung eines separaten Kühlkreislaufes vorzusehen. Aufgrund der räumlichen Trennung ist die dazu erforderliche Leitungsführung in der Regel auch sehr aufwendig und kompliziert. Desweiteren bedingt eine lange Kabelführung auch eine Erhöhung der frequenzabhängigen Wirkungen elektrischer, magnetischer oder elektromagnetischer Felder auf die Umgebung, insbesondere Lebewesen und der technischen Systeme. Die unter dem Begriff elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit summierbare Auswirkung ist durch zahlreiche nationale und internationale Standards festgelegt. Zur Einhaltung der dabei vorgegebenen Grenzwerte ist eine entsprechende Schirmung vorzusehen. Diese ist jedoch von der Leitungsführung abhängig und kann von Einsatzfall zu Einsatzfall stark voneinander differieren, wobei die sogenannte EMV-Schirmung für jeden Einsatzfall mit unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen extra vorgenommen werden muß. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Nachteil dieser Ausführungen besteht darin, daß mit zunehmender Länge der Kühlwasserleitungen und/oder der elektrischen Verbindungskabel die Störanfälligkeit des Gesamtsystems zunimmt, was unter anderem auf die größere Wirkfläche für Isolationsschäden am Leitungskabel und für Leckagen im Kühlkreislauf zurückführbar ist.To ensure safe operation, cooling water lines must be provided between the converter units in addition to the line cables to implement a separate cooling circuit. Because of the spatial separation, the line routing required for this is usually also very complex and complicated. Furthermore, a long cable run also increases the frequency-dependent effects of electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic fields on the environment, especially living beings and technical systems. The impact that can be summed up under the term electromagnetic compatibility is defined by numerous national and international standards. Appropriate shielding must be provided to ensure compliance with the specified limit values. However, this depends on the cable routing and can differ greatly from case to case, with the so-called EMC shielding having to be carried out separately for each application with different boundary conditions. Another major disadvantage of these designs consists in the fact that with increasing length of the cooling water pipes and / or the electrical connecting cables, the susceptibility to malfunction of the overall system increases, which can be attributed, among other things, to the larger effective area for insulation damage to the cable and for leaks in the cooling circuit.
In Analogie gilt diese Aussage auch für die Zuordnung von sogenannten Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten zur elektrischen Antriebsmaschine, welche im generatorischen Betrieb die elektrische Leistung in Wärmeenergie umwandeln. Auch hier besteht das Erfordernis, dieseIn analogy, this statement also applies to the assignment of so-called braking resistor units to the electric drive machine, which convert the electrical power into thermal energy in generator operation. Here, too, there is a need
Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten in optimaler Weise im Antriebssystem zu integrieren. Da diese elektrisch mit der elektrischen Maschine gekoppelt sind, bestehen bei Ausführungen mit erheblichem räumlichem Abstand die gleichen Probleme wie bei der Anordnung der Umrichtereinheiten.Integrate braking resistor modules in the drive system in an optimal way. Since these are electrically coupled to the electrical machine, there are the same problems in versions with a considerable spatial distance as in the arrangement of the converter units.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ausführung einer Achsantriebseinheit, insbesondere einer elektrischen Antriebseinheit für den Antrieb von Radachsen eines Fahrzeuges derart weiterzuentwickeln, daß eine hinsichtlich der, der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine zuordenbaren Komponenten optimale Bauraumausnutzung bei gleichzeitigerThe invention is therefore based on the object of further developing an embodiment of an axle drive unit, in particular an electric drive unit for driving wheel axles of a vehicle, in such a way that an optimum use of space with regard to the components which can be assigned to the electric drive machine is obtained with simultaneous use
Gewährleistung der Störungsfrei heit hinsichtlich der zur Funktionsweise des Fahrzeuges erforderlichen weiteren Komponenten erzielt wird. Die Anordnung dieser Zusatzkomponenten soll dabei auf einfache Art und Weise erfolgen und hinsichtlich der Ausführung des Fahrzeuges möglichst unabhängig sein. Die zur elektrischen Kopplung zwischen elektrischerEnsuring the trouble-free unit is achieved with regard to the other components required for the functioning of the vehicle. These additional components should be arranged in a simple manner and should be as independent as possible with regard to the design of the vehicle. The electrical coupling between electrical
Maschine und Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit beziehungsweise elektrischer Maschine und Umrichterbaueinheit erforderlichen Leitungsverbindungen sind auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren und desweiteren der für ein Kühlsystem zur Kühlung der Leitungen beziehungsweise zum Transport der in der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit erzeugten Wärme möglichst gering zu halten. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 charakterisiert. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen wiedergegeben.Machine and brake resistor assembly or electrical machine and converter assembly line connections are to be reduced to a minimum and furthermore the heat generated for a cooling system for cooling the lines or for transporting the heat generated in the brake resistor assembly is to be kept as low as possible. The solution according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1. Advantageous configurations are given in the subclaims.
Die Achsantriebseinheit, insbesondere die elektrische Antriebseinheit für den Antrieb einer Radachse eines Fahrzeuges umfaßt mindestens eine elektrische Antriebsmaschine mit mindestens einem Rotor und einem Stator und eine Getriebebaueinheit, welche in Leistungsflußrichtung im Traktionsbetrieb betrachtet zwischen elektrischer Antriebsmaschine und Radachse zwischengeschaltet ist. Der Rotor der elektrischenThe axle drive unit, in particular the electric drive unit for driving a wheel axle of a vehicle, comprises at least one electric drive machine with at least one rotor and a stator and a gear unit which, viewed in the direction of power flow in traction mode, is interposed between the electric drive machine and the wheel axle. The rotor of the electric
Antriebsmaschine ist mit einem Eingang der Getriebebaueinheit, welcher auch als Antrieb bezeichnet wird, wenigstens indirekt drehfest verbunden, das heißt entweder direkt oder unter Zwischenschaltung weiterer leistungsübertragender Elemente gekoppelt. Ein Ausgang der Getriebebaueinheit welcher auch als Abtrieb bezeichnet wird, ist wenigstens mittelbar drehfest mit der Radachse verbunden. Dies heißt, daß die drehfeste Verbindung entweder direkt vom Abtrieb der Getriebebaueinheit mit der Radachse erfolgt oder aber unter Zwischenschaltung weiterer Leistungsübertragungselemente. Der Rotor der elektrischen Maschine, der Antrieb der Getriebebaueinheit, der Abtrieb derDrive machine is at least indirectly non-rotatably connected to an input of the gear unit, which is also referred to as a drive, that is to say coupled either directly or with the interposition of further power-transmitting elements. An output of the gear unit, which is also referred to as an output, is at least indirectly non-rotatably connected to the wheel axle. This means that the rotationally fixed connection either takes place directly from the output of the gear unit with the wheel axle or with the interposition of further power transmission elements. The rotor of the electrical machine, the drive of the gear unit, the output of the
Getriebebaueinheit sowie die Radachse sind koaxial zueinander angeordnet. Zur Ansteuerung der elektrischen Maschine ist dieser mindestens eine Umrichterbaueinheit zugeordnet. Zur Umwandlung der im generatorischen Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine erzeugten elektrischen Energie in Wärmeenergie ist dieser eine Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit zugeordnet. Erfindungsgemäß bildet die elektrische Antriebsmaschine mit der Umrichtereinheit eine bauliche Einheit, während die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit um die An- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle der elektrischen Maschine oder die Radachse, insbesondere deren Umfang angeordnet ist. Die Definition An- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle bezieht sich dabei immer auf die Richtung des Leistungsflusses im motorischen und generatorischen Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine. Unter diesem Begriff sind dabei nicht zwangsläufig nur Elemente in Form von Wellenenden zu verstehen, sondern auch die rotierenden Elemente, welche die Funktion der An- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle übernehmen können, mit einschließen.The gear unit and the wheel axle are arranged coaxially to one another. To control the electrical machine, at least one converter unit is assigned to it. A braking resistor unit is assigned to convert the electrical energy generated in generator operation of the electrical machine into thermal energy. According to the invention, the electric drive machine forms a structural unit with the converter unit, while the braking resistor assembly is arranged around the input or output shaft of the electric machine or the wheel axis, in particular the circumference thereof. The definition of the input and output shaft always refers to the direction of the power flow in the motor and generator operation of the electrical machine. This term does not necessarily mean only elements in the form of shaft ends, but also includes the rotating elements, which can take over the function of the input or output shaft.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ermöglicht es, das eine besonders hinsichtlich des zur Verfügung stehenden Bauraumes mit optimaler Ausnutzung ausgeführte Achsantriebseinheit bereitgestellt werden kann. Dabei wird in der Regel der zur Verfügung stehende .Bauraum, welcher nicht für andere leistungsübertragende Elemente zur Verfügung gestellt werden muß, ausgenutzt. Mit dieser Lösung ist es möglich, mindestens eine Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit mit möglichst geringem Aufwand unabhängig von den gegebenen Einbaubedingungen im Fahrzeug im Antriebsstrang in einem Bereich zu integrieren, welcher in der Regel keineThe solution according to the invention makes it possible to provide an axle drive unit which is designed with optimum utilization, particularly with regard to the available installation space. The space available, which does not have to be made available for other power-transmitting elements, is generally used. With this solution, it is possible to integrate at least one braking resistor assembly with as little effort as possible, regardless of the given installation conditions in the vehicle, in an area in the drive train which generally does not
Nutzung erfährt. In diesem Bereich zwischen der Radachse und der im Traktionsbetrieb als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine sind auch keine Behinderungen bei der Betätigung anderer Elemente zur Realisierung der Funktionstüchtigkeit des Fahrzeuges zu erwarten. Die zur elektrischen Kopplung erforderlichen Verbindungsleitungen können dabei sehr kurz gehalten werden. Die EMV-Schirmung kann für die gesamte Baueinheit aus als Antriebsmotor im Traktionsbetrieb fungierende elektrische Maschine und Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit gemeinsam durchgeführt werden. Dies gilt auch für die zusätzliche Integration der Umrichterbaueinheit in der elektrischen Maschine. Desweiteren besteht dieExperiences use. In this area between the wheel axle and the electrical machine which functions as the drive motor in traction operation, no obstacles are to be expected in the actuation of other elements for realizing the functionality of the vehicle. The connecting lines required for electrical coupling can be kept very short. The EMC shielding can be carried out jointly for the entire structural unit consisting of an electrical machine and a braking resistor unit that act as a drive motor in traction mode. This also applies to the additional integration of the converter module in the electrical machine. Furthermore, there is
Möglichkeit, die Gesamtheit der im Traktionsbetrieb als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine mit der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit und der Umrichterbaueinheit als vorgefertigte Baueinheit herzustellen und anzubieten. Die Integration in Antriebssystemen ist somit unabhängig von den Möglichkeiten der Befestigung für diese zusätzlichen Funktionselemente am Fahrzeugrahmen oder anderen Elementen auf sehr einfache Art und Weise kostengünstig möglich.Possibility to manufacture and offer the entirety of the electrical machine acting as the drive motor in the traction mode with the braking resistor unit and the converter unit as a prefabricated unit. The integration in drive systems is therefore independent of the mounting options for these additional ones Functional elements on the vehicle frame or other elements are possible in a very simple and cost-effective manner.
Die Anordnungsmöglichkeiten beziehungsweise Integrationsmöglichkeiten von Umrichtereinheit und Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit werden nachfolgend getrennt für sich betrachtet. Die Anordnung derThe arrangement options or integration options of the converter unit and braking resistor unit are considered separately below. The arrangement of the
Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit erfolgt am Gehäuse der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine. Bezüglich der Kopplung mit demBraking resistor assembly takes place on the housing of the electrical machine acting as the drive motor. Regarding the coupling with the
Gehäuse bestehen eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten. Vorzugsweise erfolgt diese mechanisch durch Anflanschen der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit amHousings have a variety of options. This is preferably done mechanically by flanging the braking resistor assembly on
Gehäuse. Denkbar ist jedoch auch, bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung der elektrischen Kopplungsmöglichkeit zwischen derCasing. However, it is also conceivable, given a corresponding design of the electrical coupling option between the
Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit und dem Elektromotor, beispielsweise in Form einer elektrischen Steckverbindung, diese Mittel mit zur Befestigung zu nutzen. Dabei ist es jedoch erforderlich, daß die elektrische Maschine hinsichtlich der Mittel zur elektrischen Kopplung in entsprechender Weise ausgestaltet sein muß.Braking resistor assembly and the electric motor, for example in the form of an electrical connector to use these means for attachment. However, it is necessary that the electrical machine must be designed in a corresponding manner with regard to the means for electrical coupling.
Jeder als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine sind entweder ein oder mehrere Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten zugeordnet.Either one or more braking resistor assemblies are assigned to each electrical machine functioning as the drive motor.
Entsprechend der konstruktiven Gestaltung derAccording to the constructive design of the
Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit sind diese bei einer Ausführung mit mehreren Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten ringförmig um die An- bzw. Abtriebswelle der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine gruppiert angeordnet oder aber in axialer Richtung in Einbaulage im Antriebssystem betrachtet nebeneinander angeordnet.In a version with a plurality of braking resistor assemblies, the braking resistor assembly is arranged in a ring around the input or output shaft of the electrical machine functioning as a drive motor, or else viewed side by side in the axial direction in the installed position in the drive system.
Der erstgenannte Fall bietet den Vorteil, daß hinsichtlich ihrer geometrischen Ausgestaltung konventionell ausgeführte Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten in erfindungsgemäßer Art und Weise imThe first-mentioned case offers the advantage that, with regard to their geometric configuration, conventionally designed braking resistor units in the manner according to the invention in
Antriebsstrang einzeln oder in Mehrzahl integriert werden können. Vorzugsweise wird jedoch eine Ausführung der elektrischen Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit gewählt, welche geeignet ist, die An- bzw. Abtriebswelle wenigstens teilweise zu umschließen, wobei bevorzugt eine ringförmige Ausgestaltung der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit angestrebt wird. Die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit kann dann koaxial zur An- bzw. Abtriebswelle der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine angeordnet werden. Diese Möglichkeit der Anordnung stellt die bezüglich der Bereitstellung der Anschlußelemente und des erforderlichen Bauraumes günstigste Variante dar.Powertrain can be integrated individually or in multiples. However, an embodiment of the electrical braking resistor assembly is preferably selected which is suitable for at least partially enclosing the input or output shaft, an annular configuration of the braking resistor assembly preferably being sought. The braking resistor assembly can then be arranged coaxially with the input or output shaft of the electrical machine functioning as the drive motor. This possibility of arrangement represents the cheapest variant with regard to the provision of the connection elements and the required installation space.
Für den Fall, daß eine Mehrzahl von Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten benötigt wird, sind diese ebenfalls vorzugsweise ringförmig ausgebildet und derart modular aufgebaut, daß diese in axialer Richtung in Einbaulage betrachtet nebeneinander und koaxial zur An- bzw. Abtriebswelle der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine angeordnet sind. DieIn the event that a plurality of braking resistor assemblies are required, they are also preferably ring-shaped and have a modular structure such that, viewed in the axial direction in the installation position, they are arranged next to one another and coaxially with the input and output shaft of the electrical machine acting as the drive motor. The
Kopplung der einzelnen Widerstandsbaueinheiten untereinander erfolgt dabei im einfachsten Fall über form- und kraftschlüssige Verbindungen.In the simplest case, the individual resistance modules are coupled to one another via positive and non-positive connections.
Bei der ringförmigen Ausgestaltung der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit ist darauf abzustellen, daß der Innendurchmesser derIn the ring-shaped configuration of the braking resistor assembly, it must be ensured that the inside diameter of the
Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit derart bemessen ist, daß ein Umschließen der An- bzw. Abtriebswelle der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine möglich ist. Entsprechend der Abmessungen in axialer Richtung, d.h. der Erstreckung der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit von der Gehäusewand der elektrischen Maschine weg, besteht die Möglichkeit, daß die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit nicht nur die An- bzw. Abtriebswelle der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine umschließt, sondern auch die Kopplung mit dem sich möglicherweise daran anschließenden Wellenstrang oder einem anderen Übertragungselement. Die Kopplung zwischen An- bzw. Abtriebswelle der elektrischen Maschine und demBraking resistor assembly is dimensioned such that it is possible to enclose the input or output shaft of the electrical machine functioning as the drive motor. According to the dimensions in the axial direction, i.e. the extension of the braking resistor assembly away from the housing wall of the electrical machine, there is the possibility that the braking resistor assembly not only encloses the input or output shaft of the electrical machine acting as the drive motor, but also the coupling with the possibly connected shaft train or another transmission element , The coupling between the input and output shaft of the electrical machine and the
Wellenstrang oder einem anderen Element zur Leistungsübertragung, beispielsweise einer Drehzahl-/Drehmomentenwandlungs- oder Übertragungseinrichtung kann vielgestaltig ausgeführt sein. Im einfachsten Fall weisen beide - Wellenstrang oder Drehzahl-/Drehmomentenwandlungs- oder Übertragungseinrichtung, insbesondere deren Anschlußwelle, und An- bzw. Abtriebswelle der elektrischen Maschine - jeweils einen flanschartig gestalteten Endbereich auf, wobei die beiden flanschartigen Endbereiche miteinander form- und/oder kraftschlüssig koppelbar sind. Denkbar sind jedoch auch Ausführungen mit Kupplungseinrichtungen.Shaft train or other element for power transmission, for example, a speed / torque conversion or transmission device can be designed in a variety of ways. In the simplest case, both - shaft train or speed / torque conversion or transmission device, in particular their connecting shaft, and input or output shaft of the electrical machine - each have a flange-like end region, the two flange-like end regions being able to be coupled to one another in a positive and / or non-positive manner are. However, designs with coupling devices are also conceivable.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist für Antriebssysteme mit wenigstens einer motorisch und generatorisch betreibbaren elektrischen Maschine, welche über einen Wellenstrang wenigstens mittelbar mit wenigstens einem anzutreibenden Rad koppelbar ist, einsetzbar, unabhängig von der Art der im Traktionsbetrieb vorgenommenen Energieversorgung, welche die Art des Antriebssystemes bestimmt. Möglich ist somit die Integration in a) dieselelektrischen Antriebssystemen b) Antriebssystemen mit Brennstoffzellenantrieb c) Antriebssystemen mit externer elektrischer Energieversorgung, beispielsweise aus einer OberleitungThe solution according to the invention can be used for drive systems with at least one electric and motor-operated electrical machine which can be coupled at least indirectly to at least one wheel to be driven via a shaft train, regardless of the type of energy supply carried out in traction mode, which determines the type of drive system. Integration in a) diesel-electric drive systems b) drive systems with fuel cell drive c) drive systems with external electrical energy supply, for example from an overhead line, is thus possible
Im erstgenannten Fall fungiert als Energiequelle eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, welche mit einer im Traktionsbetrieb als Generator betreibbaren elektrischen Maschine mechanisch koppelbar ist. Die als Generator betreibbare elektrische Maschine ist elektrisch mit der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine koppelbar. Die elektrische Kopplung erfolgt über einen sogenannten Spannungszwischenkreis. Der als Generator betreibbaren elektrische Maschine und der im Traktionsbetrieb als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine sind zur Steuerung der erzeugbaren bzw. aufnehmbaren elektrischen Leistung entsprechende Einrichtungen in Form von Umrichtern zugeordnet, welche ansteuerbar sein können. Bei der zweiten, unter b) genannten Möglichkeit wird über eine Brennstoffzelleneinheit chemische Energie in elektrische Energie umgewandelt, welche zur Speisung der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine genutzt werden kann.In the former case, an internal combustion engine functions as the energy source, which can be mechanically coupled to an electrical machine that can be operated as a generator in traction mode. The electrical machine that can be operated as a generator can be electrically coupled to the electrical machine that functions as the drive motor. The electrical coupling takes place via a so-called voltage intermediate circuit. The electrical machine, which can be operated as a generator, and the electrical machine which functions as a drive motor in traction mode are assigned corresponding devices in the form of converters for controlling the electrical power which can be generated or absorbed, which can be controlled. In the second option, mentioned under b), chemical energy is converted into electrical energy via a fuel cell unit, which energy can be used to feed the electrical machine that functions as the drive motor.
Bei der unter c) aufgeführten Energiequelle wird elektrische Leistung aus einem externen Netz zur Verfügung gestellt, welche zur Speisung der als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine genutzt wird.In the case of the energy source listed under c), electrical power is made available from an external network, which is used to feed the electrical machine which acts as the drive motor.
Für die konkrete konstruktive Ausgestaltung des Gesamtantriebssystems bestehen eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten, welche entsprechend den Einsatzerfordernissen im Ermessen des zuständigen Fachmannes liegen.There are a multitude of options for the specific structural design of the overall drive system, which are at the discretion of the person skilled in the art, depending on the application requirements.
Die Zusammenfassung zwischen elektrischer Maschine und Umrichterbaueinheit zu einer baulichen Einheit kann ebenfalls auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise erfolgen. Unter baulicher Einheit wird dabei eine Zusammenfassung der elektrischen Maschine und der dieser zugeordneten Umrichtereinheit verstanden, welche sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß baulich betrachtet keine räumliche Trennung erfolgt, das heißt die Umrichtereinheit wird im Bereich der elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere dessen Gehäuses angeordnet und berührt dieses, Unabhängig von den eventuell erforderlichen Verbindungsleitungen zur elektrischen Kopplung. Die der Umrichtereinheit zugehörigen Bauelemente sind in der Regel in einem Gehäuse zusammengefaßt. Über entsprechende Anschlüsse ist eine elektrische Kopplung mit der elektrischen Maschine realisierbar. Die Umrichterbaueinheit weist dazu entsprechende Mittel, vorzugsweise in Form von verschraubbaren Verbindungen auf. Die Bildung einer baulichen Einheit aus elektrischer Maschine und zugeordneter Umrichtereinheit kann unterschiedlich erfolgen. Wesentlich ist, daß immer eine elektrische Kopplung vorhanden ist. Zusätzlich besteht dieThe combination of the electrical machine and converter unit to form a structural unit can also be carried out in different ways. A structural unit is understood to be a summary of the electrical machine and the converter unit assigned to it, which is characterized in that, structurally speaking, there is no spatial separation, i.e. the converter unit is arranged in the region of the electrical machine, in particular its housing, and touches it independently of the possibly required connecting lines for electrical coupling. The components belonging to the converter unit are generally combined in one housing. An electrical connection to the electrical machine can be implemented via corresponding connections. For this purpose, the converter module has corresponding means, preferably in the form of screwable connections. A structural unit consisting of an electrical machine and an associated converter unit can be formed in different ways. It is essential that there is always an electrical coupling. In addition, there is
Möglichkeit, die Umrichtereinheit mechanisch mit der elektrischen Maschine zu verbinden. Zur Realisierung der Kopplung sind folgende Varianten denkbar:Possibility of mechanically converting the converter unit to the electrical machine connect to. The following variants are conceivable for realizing the coupling:
formschlüssig - kraftschlüssig stoffschlüssig.positive - non-positive material.
Die konkrete Ausführung kann eine Kombination dieser Kopplungsmöglichkeiten umfassen. Im einfachsten Fall wird die mechanische Kopplung zwischen der Umrichtereinheit und dem dieser zugeordneten elektrischen Maschine über die Mittel zur elektrischen Kopplung realisiert. In diesem Fall werden die Mittel zur mechanischen Kopplung mit den Mitteln zur elektrischen Kopplung vom gleichen Bauelement beziehungsweise den gleichen Bauelementen gebildet. Das heißt beispielsweise, daß durch die Realisierung einer elektrischen verschraubbaren Verbindung diese gleichzeitig die mechanische Kopplung zwischen der elektrischen Maschine und der dieser zugeordneten Umrichtereinheit ermöglicht. Dabei wird bereits durch die entsprechende Anordnung der Umrichtereinheit und die Ausführung der elektrischen Kopplung ein Tragen der Umrichtereinheit an der elektrischen Maschine ermöglicht.The specific implementation can include a combination of these coupling options. In the simplest case, the mechanical coupling between the converter unit and the electrical machine assigned to it is implemented by means of the electrical coupling. In this case, the means for mechanical coupling with the means for electrical coupling are formed by the same component or the same components. This means, for example, that the realization of an electrical screwable connection enables this at the same time the mechanical coupling between the electrical machine and the converter unit assigned to it. The corresponding arrangement of the converter unit and the design of the electrical coupling enable the converter unit to be carried on the electrical machine.
Desweiteren besteht die Möglichkeit, die Mittel zur elektrischen Kopplung und die Mittel zur Realisierung der mechanischen Kopplung unterschiedlichen Bauelementen zuzuordnen. Im einfachsten Fall erfolgt die mechanische Kopplung dazu über Mittel, welche eine Kopplung zwischen dem Gehäuse der Umrichtereinheit und dem Gehäuse oder einem anderen Trägerelement der elektrischen Maschine ermöglichen. Diese können formschlüssig, kraftschlüssig und/oder stoffschlüssig wirken. Dies bietet den Vorteil einer festen Zuordnung der Umrichtereinheit zur elektrischenFurthermore, there is the possibility of assigning the means for electrical coupling and the means for realizing the mechanical coupling to different components. In the simplest case, the mechanical coupling takes place via means which enable coupling between the housing of the converter unit and the housing or another carrier element of the electrical machine. These can act positively, non-positively and / or materially. This offers the advantage of a fixed assignment of the converter unit to the electrical one
Maschine, wobei die Gesamtbaueinheit elektrische Maschine und Umrichtereinheit als ein Modul vormontiert und selbständig handelbar anbietbar ist.Machine, the overall assembly being electrical machine and Converter unit is preassembled as a module and can be offered independently.
Vorzugsweise wird eine lösbare Verbindung zum Einsatz gelangen. Dies bietet den Vorteil des einfachen Austausches bei Betriebsstörungen und/oder bei gewünschter Anpassung an andere Randbedingungen, welche den Einsatz eines anderen Typs einer Umrichtereinheit erfordern.A releasable connection will preferably be used. This offers the advantage of simple replacement in the event of malfunctions and / or in the event of a desired adaptation to other boundary conditions which require the use of a different type of converter unit.
Die Umrichtereinheiten selbst können dabei als Wechselrichtereinheiten unterschiedlichen Typs ausgeführt sein. Im einfachsten Fall umfaßt eineThe converter units themselves can be designed as inverter units of different types. In the simplest case, one includes
Umrichtereinheit wenigstens eine Diodengleichrichtereinrichtung. Diese kann wiederum Zweige aufweisen, in denen eine Mehrzahl von Dioden parallel geschaltet und/oder in Reihe geschaltet sind. Dabei werden vorzugsweise Dioden gleichen Typs verwendet. Bezüglich der weiteren Möglichkeiten der Ausführungen von Umrichtereinheiten, insbesondereConverter unit at least one diode rectifier device. This in turn can have branches in which a plurality of diodes are connected in parallel and / or in series. Diodes of the same type are preferably used. With regard to the further possibilities of the execution of converter units, in particular
Wechselrichtereinheiten wird auf die bekannte einschlägige Fachliteratur verwiesen.Inverter units are referred to the well-known relevant specialist literature.
Für die konkrete Anordnung der Umrichtereinheit und der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten an der elektrischen Maschine bestehen je nach Ausgestaltung der elektrischen Maschine, der Ausführung und Anzahl der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten. Bei exzentrischer Anordnung der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten an einer der Stirnflächen der elektrischen Maschine ist es denkbar, die Integration der Umrichterbaueinheit ebenfalls im Bereich dieser Stirnfläche derart vorzunehmen, daß die Umrichtereinheit ebenfalls am Umfang der Radachse oder der An- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle der elektrischen Maschine erfolgt. Ansonsten besteht die Möglichkeit, je nach Kopplung und Anordnung der elektrischen Maschine und Getriebebaueinheit zueinander die Integration der Umrichterbaueinheit beziehungsweise dieThere are different options for the specific arrangement of the converter unit and the braking resistor units on the electrical machine, depending on the design of the electrical machine, the design and number of the braking resistor units. In the case of an eccentric arrangement of the braking resistor units on one of the end faces of the electrical machine, it is conceivable to also integrate the converter unit in the region of this end surface in such a way that the converter unit also takes place on the circumference of the wheel axle or the input or output shaft of the electrical machine. Otherwise there is the possibility, depending on the coupling and arrangement of the electrical machine and gear unit, of integrating the converter unit or the other
Zusammenfassung von elektrischer Maschine und Umrichterbaueinheit im Bereich des Außenumfanges an beliebiger Stelle vorzunehmen. Vorzugsweise werden bei Bauformen in Transaxelbauweise die Getriebebaueinheit und die elektrische Maschine in räumlich unmittelbarer Nähe zueinander angeordnet. In diesem Fall werden vorzugsweise die Gehäuse der beiden Baueinheiten - Getriebebaueinheit und elektrischeSummary of electrical machine and converter assembly in the Area of the outer circumference at any point. In the case of transaxel designs, the gear unit and the electrical machine are preferably arranged in close spatial proximity to one another. In this case, the housing of the two units - gear unit and electrical
Maschine - aneinander angeflanscht. In diesem Fall erfolgt zumindest die Anordnung der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit auf der von der Getriebebaueinheit weggerichteten Stirnfläche der elektrischen Maschine. Die Umrichtereinheit erfolgt entweder, falls noch Bauraum zur Verfügung steht ebenfalls an der Stirnfläche oder am Umfang der elektrischenMachine - flanged together. In this case, at least the braking resistor assembly is arranged on the end face of the electrical machine which is directed away from the transmission assembly. The converter unit is implemented either if there is still space available on the end face or on the circumference of the electrical unit
Maschine. Bei Anordnung am Umfang wird jedoch eine Ausführung gewählt, die in Einbaulage dadurch charakterisiert ist, daß in einer Seitenansicht auf das Fahrzeug die Umrichtereinheit vor oder hinter der elektrischen Maschine angeordnet ist.Machine. When arranged on the circumference, however, an embodiment is selected which is characterized in the installed position by the fact that the converter unit is arranged in front of or behind the electrical machine in a side view of the vehicle.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird nachfolgend anhand von Figuren erläutert. Darin ist im einzelnen folgendes dargestellt:The solution according to the invention is explained below with reference to figures. The following is shown in detail:
Figur 1 verdeutlicht in vereinfachter Darstellung anhand einer Schnittdarstellung eine bevorzugte Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Achsantriebes;FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of an axle drive designed according to the invention in a simplified representation using a sectional illustration;
Figuren 2a und 2b verdeutlichen einander gegenübergestellt alternative Ausführungs- und Anordnungsmöglichkeiten von Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten.FIGS. 2a and 2b, when compared with one another, illustrate alternative design and arrangement options for brake resistor assemblies.
Die Figur 1 verdeutlicht anhand eines Axialschnittes den Grundaufbau einer erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Achsantriebseinheit 1 , insbesondere in Form einer elektrischen Antriebseinheit 2 zum Antrieb einer Radachse 3 in Transaxel bauweise. Die Achsantriebseinheit 1 umfaßt mindestens eine, imFIG. 1 uses an axial section to illustrate the basic structure of an axle drive unit 1 designed according to the invention, in particular in the form of an electric drive unit 2 for driving a wheel axle 3 in a transaxle design. The final drive unit 1 comprises at least one, in
Traktionsbetrieb als Antriebsmotor fungierende elektrische Maschine 4, insbesondere einen Elektromotor und eine mit diesem gekoppelte Getriebebaueinheit 5. Die Getriebebaueinheit 5 ist dabei zwischen der elektrischen Maschine 4 und der anzutreibenden Radachse 3 angeordnet. Der Begriff Radachse wird dabei in Bezug auf die Räder gewählt, da die Radachse drehfest mit den Rädern koppelbar ist, d.h. keineElectrical machine 4 acting as a traction motor, in particular an electric motor and a gear unit 5 coupled to it. The gear unit 5 is arranged between the electric machine 4 and the wheel axle 3 to be driven. The term wheel axle is chosen in relation to the wheels, since the wheel axle can be coupled to the wheels in a rotationally fixed manner, ie none
Relativbewegung zwischen Rad und Achse erfolgt. Bezüglich der Funktion fungiert diese jedoch als Antriebswelle. Die elektrische Maschine 4 umfaßt wenigstens einen Rotor 6 und einen Stator 7, wobei in Leistungsflußrichtung im Traktionsbetrieb betrachtet der Rotor 6 mit einem Eingang 8 der Getriebebaueinheit 5 drehfest verbunden ist. Dieser EingangRelative movement between wheel and axle takes place. In terms of function, however, it functions as a drive shaft. The electrical machine 4 comprises at least one rotor 6 and a stator 7, the rotor 6 being connected to an input 8 of the gear unit 5 in a rotationally fixed manner when viewed in the direction of power flow in traction mode. That entrance
8 fungiert bei Leistungsflußrichtung im Traktionsbetrieb betrachtet als Antrieb der Getriebebaueinheit 5.8 acts as the drive of the gear unit 5 when viewed in the direction of power flow in the traction mode.
Die elektrische Maschine 4 ist vorzugsweise als Transversalflußmaschine ausgeführt. Diese ermöglicht bei geringer Baugröße eine hohe Kraftdichte und ist damit optimal für den Einsatz im Fahrzeug geeignet. Die Getriebebaueinheit 5 weist ferner mindestens einen Ausgang 9 auf, welcher in Leistungsflußrichtung im Traktionsbetrieb betrachtet als Abtrieb der Getriebebaueinheit 5 fungiert und wenigstens mittelbar drehfest mit der Radachse 3 verbunden ist. Dies bedeutet im einzelnen, daß der Ausgang 9, das heißt der Abtrieb der Getriebebaueinheit 5 entweder direkt drehfest mit der Radachse 3 verbunden ist oder aber weitereThe electrical machine 4 is preferably designed as a transverse flux machine. With a small size, this enables a high force density and is therefore ideally suited for use in vehicles. The gear unit 5 also has at least one output 9 which, when viewed in the direction of power flow in traction mode, functions as an output of the gear unit 5 and is at least indirectly connected to the wheel axle 3 in a rotationally fixed manner. Specifically, this means that the output 9, that is to say the output of the gear unit 5, is either connected directly to the wheel axle 3 in a rotationally fixed manner or else more
Leistungsübertragungselemente zwischengeschaltet sind. Im dargestellten Fall umfaßt die Getriebebaueinheit 5 neben einer Planetenradstufe 23 ein mit einem Ausgang 24 der Planetenradstufe 23 gekoppeltes Differential 25.Power transmission elements are interposed. In the case shown, the transmission assembly 5 comprises, in addition to a planetary gear stage 23, a differential 25 coupled to an output 24 of the planetary gear stage 23.
Der Eingang 8 der Getriebebaueinheit 5 wird dabei vom Sonnenrad 23.1 der Planetenradstufe 23 gebildet. Als Ausgang 24 fungiert der Steg 23.2, welcher mit einem Eingang 27 des Differentials 25 verbunden ist. Das Differential 25 weist zwei Ausgänge 26.1 und 26.2 auf, die gleichzeitig die Ausgänge 9.1 und 9.2 der Getriebebaueinheit 5 bilden und drehfest mit der Radachse, insbesondere den einzelnen Radachsteilen 3.1 und 3.2, die jeweils mit einem Rad drehfest verbunden sind, gekoppelt sind.The input 8 of the gear unit 5 is formed by the sun gear 23.1 of the planetary gear stage 23. The web 23.2, which is connected to an input 27 of the differential 25, functions as the output 24. The differential 25 has two outputs 26.1 and 26.2, which simultaneously form the outputs 9.1 and 9.2 of the gear unit 5 and rotate with the Wheel axle, in particular the individual wheel axle parts 3.1 and 3.2, which are each connected to a wheel in a rotationally fixed manner, are coupled.
Bei der Transaxel bauweise sind wenigstens der Rotor 6 der elektrischen Maschine 4 - der Antrieb 8 der Getriebebaueinheit 5, der bzw. die AbtriebeIn the case of the transaxel, at least the rotor 6 of the electrical machine 4 - the drive 8 of the gear unit 5, the one or more drives
9.1 und 9.2 der Getriebebaueinheit 5 und die Radachse 3 bzw. die Radachsteile 3.1 und 3.2 - koaxial zueinander angeordnet. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Anordnung der Getriebebaueinheit 5 koaxial zur Radachse 3. Es sind jedoch auch Ausführungen denkbar, bei denen die Getriebebaueinheit einen im wesentlichen hinsichtlich der Radachse 3 unsymmetrischen9.1 and 9.2 of the gear unit 5 and the wheel axle 3 or the wheel axle parts 3.1 and 3.2 - arranged coaxially to one another. The gear unit 5 is preferably arranged coaxially with the wheel axis 3. However, designs are also conceivable in which the gear unit unit is essentially asymmetrical with respect to the wheel axis 3
Aufbau aufweist.Has structure.
Zur Realisierung einer mindestens über einen Teilbereich des Betriebsbereiches "Bremsen" Umwandlung der im generatorischen Betrieb von den im Traktionsbetrieb als Radantriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine 4 erzeugten elektrischen Energie für unterschiedliche Anwendungszwecke in Wärmeenergie ist der elektrischen Maschine 4 wenigstens eine Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 zugeordnet. Diese Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 ist an der elektrischen Maschine 4 angeordnet, vorzugsweise an dieser anflanschbar ausgeführt. Desweiteren ist der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine 4 zur Ansteuerung, insbesondere zur Beeinflussung der Drehzahl-/Drehmomentwandlung mindestens eine Umrichtereinheit 11 zugeordnet. Erfindungsgemäß ist desweiteren die Umrichterbaueinheit 11 entweder unmittelbar an der elektrischen Maschine 4 angeordnet oder in dieser integriert und bildet somit mit dieser eine bauliche Einheit 20.In order to implement at least a partial area of the “brakes” operating area, the electrical machine 4 is assigned at least one braking resistor unit 10 to convert the electrical energy generated in generator mode by the electrical machine 4 functioning as a wheel drive motor in the traction mode for different purposes. This braking resistor assembly 10 is arranged on the electrical machine 4, preferably designed to be flange-mounted on it. Furthermore, at least one converter unit 11 is assigned to the electric drive machine 4 for actuation, in particular for influencing the speed / torque conversion. According to the invention, the converter assembly 11 is furthermore either arranged directly on the electrical machine 4 or integrated therein and thus forms a structural unit 20 with the latter.
In der dargestellten Ausführung ist die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 am Gehäuse 12 der elektrischen Maschine 4 an der von der Getriebebaueinheit 5 weggewandten Stirnfläche 13 des Gehäuses 12 angeordnet. DieIn the illustrated embodiment, the braking resistor assembly 10 is arranged on the housing 12 of the electrical machine 4 on the end face 13 of the housing 12 facing away from the transmission assembly 5. The
Anordnung in radialer Richtung erfolgt dabei bezogen auf die Rotationsachse RE der elektrischen Maschine 4 vorzugsweise in einem Bereich zwischen der Rotationsachse RE und dem Außenumfang 14 des Gehäuses 12 der elektrischen Maschine. Eine Erstreckung esentlich über den Außenumfang 14 hinaus in radialer Richtung ist ebenfalls denkbar. Vorzugsweise werden jedoch Ausführungen angestrebt, die den inArrangement in the radial direction is based on the Rotation axis R E of the electrical machine 4 preferably in a region between the rotation axis R E and the outer circumference 14 of the housing 12 of the electrical machine. An extension beyond the outer circumference 14 in the radial direction is also conceivable. Preferably, however, designs are sought that meet the requirements in
Höhenrichtung durch die Abmaße von elektrischer Maschine und Getriebebaueinheit 5 vorgegebenen Bereich nicht oder nur unmerklich überschreiten. Die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 ist dabei um den Umfang der Antriebs- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle 28 der elektrischen Maschine 4 oder der Radachse 3 angeordnet. Mit dieser Ausführung wird ohnehin vorhandener Bauraum, welcher nicht für andere leistungsübertragende Elemente nutzbar ist, in idealer Weise zur Unterbringung von Leistungsgliedern verwendet. Die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 ist elektrisch mit der elektrischen Maschine 4 koppelbar. Die Definition An- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle der elektrischen Maschine 4 bezieht sich dabei immer in Richtung des Leistungsflusses im motorischen und generatorischen Betrieb betrachtet. Unter diesem Begriff werden dabei nicht zwangsläufig nur Elemente in Form von Wellenenden verstanden, sondern auch rotierende Elemente, welche die Funktion der An- beziehungsweise Abtriebe übernehmen können. Diese Lösung im Zusammenhang für eine Antriebseinheit in Transaxelbauweise ermöglicht mit geringem Aufwand unabhängig von den gegebenen Einbaubedingungen im Fahrzeug im Antriebsstrang die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 in einem Bereich zu integrieren, welcher bisher in keiner Weise eine Nutzung erfahren hat. In diesem Bereich zwischen der als Radmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine 4 und der Radachse sind auch keine Behinderungen bei der Betätigung anderer Elemente zur Realisierung der Funktionstüchtigkeit des Fahrzeuges zu erwarten. Die zur elektrischen Kopplung erforderliche Leitungsverbindung beziehungsweise Leitungsverbindungen können sehr kurz gehalten werden. Die EMV-Schirmung kann für die gesamte Baueinheit aus als Antriebsmotor im Traktionsbetrieb fungierenden elektrischen Maschine 4 und Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 gemeinsam durchgeführt werden.Height direction by the dimensions of the electrical machine and gear unit 5 do not exceed the range or only imperceptibly. The braking resistor assembly 10 is arranged around the circumference of the input or output shaft 28 of the electrical machine 4 or the wheel axle 3. With this design, existing installation space, which cannot be used for other power-transmitting elements, is used in an ideal manner to accommodate power elements. The braking resistor assembly 10 can be electrically coupled to the electrical machine 4. The definition of the input or output shaft of the electrical machine 4 always relates to the direction of the power flow in motor and generator operation. This term is not necessarily understood to mean only elements in the form of shaft ends, but also rotating elements which can take over the function of the drives or drives. This solution in connection with a drive unit in a transaxle design enables the brake resistor assembly 10 to be integrated in the drive train in a region with little effort, regardless of the given installation conditions, which has so far not been used in any way. In this area between the electrical machine 4 functioning as a wheel motor and the wheel axle, no obstacles are to be expected when actuating other elements for realizing the functionality of the vehicle. The line connection or line connections required for the electrical coupling can be kept very short. The EMC shielding can be used for the entire unit Drive motor in the traction operation electrical machine 4 and braking resistor assembly 10 are performed together.
Bezüglich der Kopplung mit dem Gehäuse 12 bestehen eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten. Vorzugsweise erfolgt diese mechanisch durch Anflanschen der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 am Gehäuse 12. Denkbar ist es jedoch auch, bei entsprechender Ausgestaltung der elektrischen Kopplungsmöglichkeit zwischen der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 und der elektrischen Maschine 4, beispielsweise in Form einer elektrischen Steckverbindung, diese Mittel mit zur Befestigung zu benutzen. Dies setzt jedoch voraus, daß die als Antriebsmotor fungierende elektrische Maschine 4 hinsichtlich der Mittel zur elektrischen Kopplung in entsprechender Weise ausgestaltet sein muß.There are a multitude of possibilities with regard to the coupling with the housing 12. This is preferably done mechanically by flange-mounting the braking resistor assembly 10 on the housing 12. However, it is also conceivable to use these means for fastening if the electrical coupling option between the braking resistor assembly 10 and the electrical machine 4 is designed accordingly, for example in the form of an electrical plug connection. However, this presupposes that the electrical machine 4 functioning as the drive motor must be designed in a corresponding manner with regard to the means for electrical coupling.
Jeder als Antriebsmotor fungierenden elektrischen Maschine 4 sind mindestens ein, vorzugsweise jedoch mehrereEach electrical machine 4 functioning as a drive motor is at least one, but preferably several
Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten 10.1 bis 10.n zugeordnet. Entsprechend der konstruktiven Ausgestaltung der Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit 10 beziehungsweise 10.1 bis 10.n sind diese bei einer Ausführung mit mehreren Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten 10.1 bis 10.n entweder hintereinander ringförmig um den Umfang der Radachse 3 wie in Figur 2a dargestellt oder aber in axialer Richtung in Einbaulage der Achsantriebseinheit 1 betrachtet jeweils um den Umfang der Radachse, jedoch nebeneinander angeordnet. Diese Ausführung ist in der Figur 2b in einer Ansicht von der Seite gemäß Figur 1 , jedoch in wesentlich vereinfachter Darstellung wiedergegeben. Die einzelnen Widerstandsbaueinheiten 10.1 bis 10.n sind dabei vorzugsweise zu einer baulichen Einheit 15 zusammengefaßt, welche an der Stirnfläche 13 der elektrischen Maschine 4 angeflanscht ist. Die Befestigung erfolgt dabei mittels form- und/oder kraftschlüssiger Verbindungen. Die einzelnenBrake resistor assemblies 10.1 to 10.n assigned. According to the structural design of the braking resistor assembly 10 or 10.1 to 10.n, in a version with a plurality of braking resistor assemblies 10.1 to 10.n they are either ring-shaped in succession around the circumference of the wheel axle 3 as shown in FIG. 2a or in the axial direction in the installed position of the axle drive unit 1 considered in each case around the circumference of the wheel axle, but arranged side by side. This embodiment is shown in FIG. 2b in a view from the side according to FIG. 1, but in a substantially simplified representation. The individual resistance units 10.1 to 10.n are preferably combined to form a structural unit 15 which is flanged to the end face 13 of the electrical machine 4. The attachment takes place by means of positive and / or non-positive connections. The single ones
Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten 10.1 bis 10.n sind vorzugsweise hinsichtlich ihrer konstruktiven Ausführung und Dimensionierung gleich ausgeführt. Deren Abmessung in radialer Richtung sind vorzugsweise derart bemessen, daß diese sich nicht über eine Abmessung, welche der des Außenumfanges 15 der elektrischen Maschine 4 entspricht, hinaus erstreckt. Vorzugsweise folgt die radiale Erstreckung im Bereich zwischen dem Außenumfang 16 der Radachse beziehungsweise eines diesen umschlingenden Teiles 17 des Gehäuses 12 der elektrischen Maschine 4 und dem Außenumfang 14 der elektrischen Maschine 4. Bei beiden in den Figuren 2a und 2b dargestellten Ausführungen ist die Stirnfläche 13 des Gehäuses 12 frei von der Anordnung der Umrichterbaueinheit 11. Diese ist der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine 4 in einem anderen Bereich von deren Außenumfang am Gehäuse 12 zugeordnet. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Anordnung in Einbaulage am Fahrzeug betrachtet in der Seitenansicht vor oder hinter der elektrischen Maschine 4. Eine derartige Ausführung ist in der Figur 2b dargestellt.Braking resistor assemblies 10.1 to 10.n are preferred in terms of their design and dimensioning carried out the same. Their dimensions in the radial direction are preferably dimensioned such that they do not extend beyond a dimension which corresponds to that of the outer circumference 15 of the electrical machine 4. The radial extension preferably follows in the area between the outer circumference 16 of the wheel axle or a part 17 of the housing 12 of the electrical machine 4 which wraps around it and the outer circumference 14 of the electrical machine 4. In both embodiments shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, the end face 13 of the Housing 12 is free of the arrangement of the converter assembly 11. This is assigned to the electric drive machine 4 in another area of its outer circumference on the housing 12. The arrangement in the installed position on the vehicle is preferably viewed in a side view in front of or behind the electrical machine 4. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 2b.
Eine andere, hier nicht dargestellte Anordnungsmöglichkeit für die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit und/oder die Umrichtereinheit 11 bei erheblich unterschiedlichen Abmessungen in radialer Richtung von elektrischer Antriebsmaschine 4 und Getriebebaueinheit 5 besteht darin, diese auf der der Getriebebaueinheit zugewandte Stirnseite oberhalb der Getriebebaueinheit anzuordnen. In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung bilden jedoch die Umrichtereinheit 11 und die elektrische Maschine 4 eine bauliche Einheit. Für die konkrete Ausgestaltung der Zusammenfassung von elektrischer Maschine 4 und Umrichtereinheit 11 zuAnother arrangement option, not shown here, for the braking resistor unit and / or the converter unit 11 with significantly different dimensions in the radial direction of the electric drive machine 4 and the transmission unit 5 consists in arranging them on the end facing the transmission unit above the transmission unit. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, the converter unit 11 and the electrical machine 4 form a structural unit. For the specific configuration of the combination of electrical machine 4 and converter unit 11
Baueinheit 20 bestehen eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten. Insbesondere die konkrete Ausgestaltung der elektrischen Kopplung und einer eventuell zusätzlichen mechanischen Kopplung zwischen Umrichtereinheit 11 und elektrischer Maschine 4 liegt dabei im Ermessen des Fachmannes und erfolgt entsprechend des Einsatzfalles und der Gegebenheiten der verwendeten standardisierten Elemente. Die Baueinheit 20 wird dabei wenigstens durch die elektrische Kopplung zwischen der Umrichterbaueinheit 11 mit der elektrischen Maschine 4 realisert. Dazu weist die elektrische Maschine vier, hier im einzelnen nicht dargestellte Anschlüsse 21 auf, welche mit dazu komplementären Anschlüssen an der dieser zugeordneten Umrichtereinheit 11 bei Kopplung in Wirkverbindung treten. Entsprechend der Anordnung der Umrichtereinheit 11 an der elektrischen Maschine 4 besteht die Möglichkeit, bereits allein mit den Mitteln zur Realisierung der elektrischen Kopplung zwischen Umrichtereinheit 11 und elektrischer Maschine 4 eine Fixierung der Umrichtereinheit 11 an der elektrischen Maschine 4 zu realisieren. Die Mittel zur elektrischen Kopplung, welche zueinander komplementär ausgeführte Verbindungselemente umfassen, bilden dann gleichzeitig die Mittel zur mechanischen Verbindung zwischen der Umrichtereinheit 11 und der elektrischen Maschine 4. Denkbar sind desweiteren hier im einzelnen nicht dargestellte Ausführungen, bei welchen Mittel zur zusätzlichen mechanischen Kopplung zwischen der Umrichtereinheit 11 und der elektrischen Maschine 4 vorgesehen sind. Im einfachsten Fall wird dies durch eine zusätzliche Befestigung der Umrichtereinheit 11 , beispielsweise des Gehäuses 22 der Umrichtereinheit an der elektrischen Maschine 4 realisiert. Die konkrete Ausgestaltung der Kopplung liegt dabei imUnit 20 there are a variety of options. In particular, the specific design of the electrical coupling and any additional mechanical coupling between converter unit 11 and electrical machine 4 is at the discretion of the person skilled in the art and is carried out according to the application and the circumstances of the standardized elements used. The assembly 20 is thereby realized at least by the electrical coupling between the converter assembly 11 and the electrical machine 4. For this purpose, the electrical machine has four connections 21, not shown here in detail, which come into operative connection with complementary connections on the converter unit 11 assigned to them when coupled. According to the arrangement of the converter unit 11 on the electrical machine 4, it is possible to fix the converter unit 11 on the electrical machine 4 using the means for realizing the electrical coupling between the converter unit 11 and the electrical machine 4 alone. The means for electrical coupling, which comprise connecting elements designed to be complementary to one another, then simultaneously form the means for the mechanical connection between the converter unit 11 and the electrical machine 4. Also conceivable here are embodiments not shown in detail, in which means for additional mechanical coupling between the Converter unit 11 and the electrical machine 4 are provided. In the simplest case, this is realized by an additional fastening of the converter unit 11, for example the housing 22 of the converter unit, to the electrical machine 4. The specific design of the coupling lies in
Ermessen des Fachmannes und hängt im einzelnen von den für den Einsatz vorgesehenen Umrichtereinheiten, insbesondere deren Abmessungen und Gewicht sowie die Anordnung am zugehörigen elektrischen Aggregat ab.The person skilled in the art has discretion and depends in particular on the converter units intended for use, in particular their dimensions and weight and the arrangement on the associated electrical unit.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ist besonders vorteilhaft in einer Achsantriebsausführung für den Einsatz in Fahrzeugen, insbesondere Pkw geeignet, wobei die elektrische Maschine 4 vorzugsweise als Transversalflußmaschine, das heißt Wechselstrommaschine mit transverseller Flußführung ausgeführt ist, einsetzbar. BezugszeichenlisteThe solution according to the invention is particularly advantageously suitable in an axle drive version for use in vehicles, in particular cars, the electrical machine 4 preferably being used as a transverse flux machine, that is to say an AC machine with a transverse flux guide. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Achsantriebseinheit1 final drive unit
2 elektrische Antriebseinheit zum Antrieb einer Radachse in2 electric drive unit for driving a wheel axle in
TransaxelbauweiseTrans Axel construction
3, 3.1 , 3.2 Radachse3, 3.1, 3.2 wheel axle
4 im Traktionsbetrieb als Antriebsmaschine fungierende elektrische Maschine4 electrical machine functioning as a traction machine in traction mode
5 Getriebebaueinheit5 gear unit
6 Rotor6 rotor
7 Stator7 stator
8 Eingang der Getriebebaueinheit8 Input of the gear unit
9.1 , 9.2 Ausgang der Getriebebaueinheit9.1, 9.2 Output of the gear unit
10 Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit10 braking resistor assembly
11 Umrichterbaueinheit11 converter unit
12 Gehäuse12 housing
13 Stirnfläche13 end face
14 Außenumfang14 outer circumference
15 bauliche Einheit15 structural unit
16 Außenumfang der Radachse16 outer circumference of the wheel axle
17 die Radachse umschließender Teil am Gehäuse 1217 part surrounding the wheel axle on the housing 12
20 Baueinheit20 assembly
21 Anschlüsse21 connections
22 Anschlußelemente22 connection elements
23 Planetenradstufe23 planetary gear stage
24 Ausgang24 output
25 Differential25 differential
26.1 , 26.22 Ausgang Differential26.1, 26.22 differential output
27 Eingang Differential27 Differential input
28 An- bzw. Abtriebswelle der der elektrischen Maschine Patentansprüche28 input or output shaft of the electrical machine claims
1. Achsantriebseinheit (1), insbesondere elektrische Antriebseinheit (2) zum Antrieb einer Radachse (3) für den Einsatz in Fahrzeugen;1. axle drive unit (1), in particular electric drive unit (2) for driving a wheel axle (3) for use in vehicles;
1.1 mit einer elektrischen Maschine (4), umfassend einen Rotor (6) und einen Stator (7);1.1 with an electrical machine (4) comprising a rotor (6) and a stator (7);
1.2 mit einer Getriebebaueinheit (5), umfassend mindestens einen Eingang (8), welcher mit dem Rotor (6) der elektrischen Maschine (4) drehfest verbindbar ist und mindestens einen Ausgang (9.1 , 9.2), der mit der Radachse (3) drehfest verbindbar ist;1.2 with a gear unit (5), comprising at least one input (8) which can be connected to the rotor (6) of the electrical machine (4) in a rotationally fixed manner and at least one output (9.1, 9.2) which is rotationally fixed with the wheel axle (3) is connectable;
1.3 elektrische Maschine (4), Eingang (8) und Ausgang (9.1 , 9.2) der Getriebebaueinheit (5) und Radachse (3) sind koaxial zueinander angeordnet; 1.4 der elektrischen Maschine (4) ist mindestens eine Umrichtereinheit1.3 electrical machine (4), input (8) and output (9.1, 9.2) of the gear unit (5) and wheel axle (3) are arranged coaxially to one another; 1.4 of the electrical machine (4) is at least one converter unit
(11) und eine Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit (10) zugeordnet; gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale: 1.5 die Umrichtereinheit (11) ist mit der elektrischen Maschine (4) zu einer baulichen Einheit (20) zusammengefaßt; 1.6 die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit (10) ist in unmittelbarer räumlicher(11) and a braking resistor assembly (10) assigned; characterized by the following features: 1.5 the converter unit (11) is combined with the electrical machine (4) to form a structural unit (20); 1.6 the braking resistor assembly (10) is in the immediate spatial
Nähe zur elektrischen Maschine (4) und um den Umfang der An- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle (28) der elektrischen Maschine (4) oder der Radachse (3) angeordnet.Proximity to the electrical machine (4) and around the circumference of the input or output shaft (28) of the electrical machine (4) or the wheel axle (3).
2. Achsantrieb (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß2. final drive (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that
Mittel zur mechanischen Verbindung der Umrichtereinheit (11) mit der elektrischen Maschine (4) vorgesehen sind.Means for mechanically connecting the converter unit (11) to the electrical machine (4) are provided.
3. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zur elektrischen Kopplung der Umrichtereinheit (11) mit der elektrischen Maschine (4) und die Mittel zur mechanischen Kopplung von den gleichen Bauelementen gebildet werden.3. final drive unit (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that means for electrical coupling of the converter unit (11) with the electrical machine (4) and the means for mechanical coupling are formed by the same components.
4. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umrichtereinheit (11) am Außenumfang (14) des Gehäuses (12) der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine (4) angeordnet ist. 0 5. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umrichtereinheit (11) im Gehäuse der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine (4) angeordnet ist.4. Axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the converter unit (11) on the outer circumference (14) of the housing (12) of the electric drive machine (4) is arranged. 5. Axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the converter unit (11) is arranged in the housing of the electric drive machine (4).
6. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umrichtereinheit (11) an einer Stirnfläche6. Axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the converter unit (11) on an end face
(13) der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine (4) angeordnet ist.(13) of the electric drive machine (4) is arranged.
7. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur mechanischen Kopplung zwischen der elektrischen Maschine (4) und der dieser zugeordneten7. axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the means for mechanical coupling between the electrical machine (4) and the associated
Umrichtereinheit (11) Verbindungsmittel (21 , 22) umfassen, die zueinander komplementär an den miteinander zu verbindenden Elementen (4, 11) ausgeführt sind und eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung ermöglichen. 5Converter unit (11) comprise connecting means (21, 22) which are complementary to one another on the elements (4, 11) to be connected to one another and enable a non-positive connection. 5
8. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur mechanischen Kopplung zwischen der elektrischen Maschine (4) und der dieser zugeordneten Umrichtereinheit (11) zueinander komplementär ausgeführte o Verbindungsmittel (21 , 22) umfassen, welche eine formschlüssige8. axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the means for mechanical coupling between the electrical machine (4) and the associated converter unit (11) comprise mutually complementary o connecting means (21, 22), which is a form-fitting
Verbindung ermöglichen. 9. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale:Allow connection. 9. axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the following features:
9.1 es sind eine Vielzahl von Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten (10.1 , 10.2, 10.3) vorgesehen;9.1 a large number of braking resistor units (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) are provided;
9.2 die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten (10.1 , 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5) sind in einer Ansicht auf die Radachse (3) in axialer Richtung in einer Ebene ringfömig um den Umfang der An- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle (28) der elektrischen Maschine (4) oder der Radachse (3) gruppiert.9.2 the braking resistor units (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5) are annular in a view of the wheel axis (3) in the axial direction in one plane around the circumference of the input or output shaft (28) of the electrical machine (4) or Grouped wheel axle (3).
10. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelne Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit (10.1 , 10.2, 10.3) einen geometrischen Aufbau aufweist, welcher in Umfangsrichtung der An- beziehungsweise Abtriebswelle (28) der elektrischen Maschine (4) oder der Radachse (3) diese wenigstens teilweise umschließt.10. Axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the individual braking resistor assembly (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) has a geometric structure which in the circumferential direction of the input or output shaft (28) of the electrical machine (4) or the wheel axle (3) at least partially surrounds it.
11. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheit (10.1 , 10.2, 10.3) ringförmig ausgeführt ist.11. Axle drive unit (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the braking resistor assembly (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) is annular.
12. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach Anspruch 11 , gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale: 12.1 es sind eine Vielzahl von Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten (10.1 , 10.2,12. Axle drive unit (1) according to claim 11, characterized by the following features: 12.1 there are a plurality of braking resistor units (10.1, 10.2,
10.3) vorgesehen, welche nebeneinander angeordnet sind; 12.2 die Bremswiderstandsbaueinheiten (10.1 , 10.2, 10.3) sind modular aufgebaut und miteinander mechanisch und elektrisch koppelbar. 13. Achsantriebseinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Maschine (4) als Transversalflußmaschine ausgeführt ist.10.3) are provided, which are arranged side by side; 12.2 The braking resistor units (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) are modular and can be mechanically and electrically coupled to one another. 13. Axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the electrical machine (4) is designed as a transverse flux machine.
14. Antriebssystem14. Drive system
14.1 mit einer Achsantriebseinheit (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13;14.1 with an axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13;
14.2 mit einem Energieversorgungssystem für die Achsantriebseinheit (1);14.2 with an energy supply system for the axle drive unit (1);
14.3 das Energieversorgungssystem umfaßt eine Brennstoffzelle, welche mit der elektrischen Maschine elektrisch verbunden ist.14.3 the energy supply system comprises a fuel cell which is electrically connected to the electrical machine.
15. Antriebssystem15. Drive system
15.1 mit einer Achsantriebseinheit (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13; 15.2 mit einem Energieversorgungssystem für die Achsantriebseinheit (1);15.1 with an axle drive unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13; 15.2 with an energy supply system for the axle drive unit (1);
15.3 das Energieversorgungssystem umfaßt eine15.3 the energy supply system includes one
Verbrennungskraftmschine, eine mit dieser mechanisch koppeibare und im Traktionsbetrieb als Generator betreibbare elektrische Maschine und eine elektrische Kopplung zur Verbindung des Energieversorgungssystems mit der elektrischen Maschine (4) desInternal combustion engine, an electrical machine that can be mechanically coupled with it and operated in traction as a generator, and an electrical coupling for connecting the energy supply system to the electrical machine (4) of the
Achsantriebes (1). Final drive (1).
EP01943279A 2000-05-09 2001-04-24 Axle drive unit, in particular an electrical drive unit for driving a wheel axle of the transaxle type Withdrawn EP1194995A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10022319 2000-05-09
DE10022319A DE10022319A1 (en) 2000-05-09 2000-05-09 Drive unit, in particular electrical drive unit for driving a wheel axle in a transaxle design
PCT/EP2001/004586 WO2001086782A1 (en) 2000-05-09 2001-04-24 Axle drive unit, in particular an electrical drive unit for driving a wheel axle of the transaxle type

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EP1194995A1 true EP1194995A1 (en) 2002-04-10

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EP01943279A Withdrawn EP1194995A1 (en) 2000-05-09 2001-04-24 Axle drive unit, in particular an electrical drive unit for driving a wheel axle of the transaxle type

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US (1) US7216732B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1194995A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2378057A1 (en)
DE (1) DE10022319A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001086782A1 (en)

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DE10022319A1 (en) 2001-11-29
CA2378057A1 (en) 2001-11-15
WO2001086782A1 (en) 2001-11-15
US7216732B2 (en) 2007-05-15
US20020175008A1 (en) 2002-11-28

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