EP1192582A1 - Identification personnelle - Google Patents

Identification personnelle

Info

Publication number
EP1192582A1
EP1192582A1 EP00938928A EP00938928A EP1192582A1 EP 1192582 A1 EP1192582 A1 EP 1192582A1 EP 00938928 A EP00938928 A EP 00938928A EP 00938928 A EP00938928 A EP 00938928A EP 1192582 A1 EP1192582 A1 EP 1192582A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
eye
test object
recognition
test
image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00938928A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher Henry Seal
David John Mccartney
Maurice Merrick Gifford
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British Telecommunications PLC
Original Assignee
British Telecommunications PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Telecommunications PLC filed Critical British Telecommunications PLC
Priority to EP00938928A priority Critical patent/EP1192582A1/fr
Publication of EP1192582A1 publication Critical patent/EP1192582A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/18—Eye characteristics, e.g. of the iris
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/40—Spoof detection, e.g. liveness detection

Definitions

  • This invention relates to personal identification and, more particularly, to apparatus and methods for use in personal identification.
  • biometrics This usually involves obtaining, and preferably encoding, the biometrics from a person and storing the results in, for example, a database. Recognition includes establishing the same biometrics on a person presenting for identification and comparing the measured biometrics with those stored in the database. A match is taken as establishing the identity of the person.
  • biometric is a statistical or quantitative measure of a biological feature of a person.
  • the identification techniques are very effective, there is a potential problem in that the recognition procedure may not, in fact, be carried out on a real eye but on an object purporting to be an eye for the purposes of recognition. Clearly, the possibility of a " non-eye” raises the possibility that the identification could be invalidated in certain circumstance.
  • the recognition process includes extra tests to confirm that the object presented for recognition is an eye and not an object purporting to be an eye. It would be desirable to ensure that only eyes can be registered and the inclusion of the extra tests mentioned above reduces the risk of registering a " non-eye" .
  • contact lenses which are intended to have this effect will be known as "cosmetic contact lenses" .
  • a cosmetic contact lens is usually patterned in order to provide the desired change of appearance.
  • a cosmetic contact lens may also be functional in that it ameliorates vision defects but the colouring or patterning is an essential feature of a cosmetic contact lens. Under these circumstances, the eye recognition process may respond to the contact lenses, and more particularly to the pattern on the contact lens, instead of the eye itself.
  • the "biometrics" which are measured may refer to the contact lens and not to the eye. Since cosmetic contact lenses are used to a significant extent, there is a risk that an eye recognition technique could be prejudiced . A particularly serious possibility arises from the fact that cosmetic contact lenses can be mass-produced and many different humans could be wearing similar or even identical cosmetic contact lenses. It is therefore possible that a potential user could present for registration wearing cosmetic contact lenses. This gives rise to a strong possibility that the registration would record the contact lens rather than the customer. If many individuals wear the same contact lenses they may become indistinguishable and thereby cause considerable confusion with many recognition failures. Furthermore, there is a risk that a customer who registers in patterned contact lenses would become unrecognisable when the contact lenses are removed.
  • the camera includes a lens which forms an image of part of the eye using radiation provided by the light source.
  • the image on the screen is conveniently divided into units, e.g. pixels, and the intensity of radiation is measured in each unit.
  • These primary measurements may be converted into a set of recognition parameters using techniques described in US patent number 5,291 ,560 dated 1 March 1 994.
  • the preferred number of recognition parameters is 256-bytes
  • the values of the recognition parameters are recorded in a database together with whatever personal information is considered appropriate for the candidate.
  • the values of the same set of recognition parameters are produced and compared with the database. If the two sets of values are sufficiently similar, identification is taken as established.
  • the invention supplements the established recognition parameters as mentioned above by further measurements intended to establish that a test object is in fact an eye rather than a "non-eye" e.g. a cosmetic contact lens.
  • the eye recognition tests should be carried out at the registration stage so as to avoid recording identification parameters relating to a non-eye.
  • the test for a non-eye may also be carried out at the recognition stage. If the recognition data indicates that the test object is a non-eye, recognition would be refused without necessarily attempting to match the data acquired with the database.
  • Three techniques which are considered particularly suitable for distinguishing between an eye and a non-eye will now be described. These techniques are conveniently identified as “Corneal-Cross”, “Linear Illumination” and “Red Eye” . It is also possible to carry out tests intended to recognise specific cosmetic contact lenses which are widely used . Corneal-Cross (Polarised Light)
  • polarised light for eye classification tests depends upon the fact that an eye is an anisotropic medium which changes some of the incident light into the orthogonal polarisation. Most objects only change the polarisation to a slight extent and, therefore, the presence of the orthogonal polarisation is an indication that the object is an eye rather than, for example, a photograph. A simple test merely measures the intensity of the orthogonal polarisation and accepts the eye if a threshold is exceeded.
  • a more complicated test depends upon the fact that a distinctive pattern, often known as a "Corneal Cross” , can be observed in an image formed from the orthogonal polarisation.
  • the pattern of a "Corneal Cross” resembles the pattern usually known as a " Maltese Cross” . Detection of this pattern is a good indication that the target object is an eye.
  • the illumination is non-uniform, e.g. comprising its own distinctive pattern such as a straight line or several parallel straight lines
  • the image will indicate whether or not a flat surface or a curved surface is under observation. If the observed surface is flat, the image will consist of one or more straight lines corresponding to the source. If the observed surface is curved, the pattern of illumination will be distorted. For example, straight lines will become curved lines. If a candidate is wearing patterned contact lenses the illuminated surface will be the curved surface of the lens.
  • Figure 1 is a flow sheet illustrating the method as a whole
  • Figure 2 is a part of Figure 1 illustrating eye recognition
  • Figure 3 illustrates apparatus for testing an eye using polarised light
  • Figure 4 is a flow sheet illustrating a method corresponding to the apparatus of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 illustrates apparatus for carrying out eye recognition tests
  • Figure 6 illustrates an illumination source for use in the apparatus shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the illumination of an eye and a contact lens with parallel lines;
  • Figure 8 is a flow sheet illustrating the registration of contact lenses.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the method of carrying out eye recognition in accordance with the invention.
  • the method comprises two major sections namely, classification test 1 000 which is adapted to distinguish between a real eye and an object purporting to be an eye.
  • classification test 1000 is adapted to distinguish between a contact lens and an eye.
  • the procedure also comprises recognition sequence 1 001 .
  • This is a well-known sequence for identifying an individual by means of optical tests performed on an eye of said individual. It should be noted that the tests usually recognise the difference between the right and the left eye of an individual and the sequence 1 001 is, therefore, specific to a particular eye.
  • the recognition sequence described in US patent 5291 560 (dated 1 March 1 994) is particularly suitable.
  • the classification test 1000 comprises presentation 1002 in which a candidate places a selected eye near the test equipment and initiating the test, e.g. by pressing a "start” button. Illumination is provided and this allows check 1003 to be performed . If check 1003 gives the result "no" in box 1004 then refusal 1 005 becomes effective.
  • box 1001 constitutes a conventional eye recognition sequence and this comprises the steps of acquiring 1 007 an optical image and digitising 1008 said optical image.
  • the camera comprises a facetted screen with one facet for each pixel of the image. The intensity of light on each facet is recorded whereby a digital image in pixels is achieved.
  • the digital image acquired in step 1 008 is parameterised using the techniques described in US patent 5291 560. The parameters are characteristic of a particular eye and, therefore obtaining the parameters effectively constitutes identification of the eye presented at step 1 002. Having obtained the characteristic parameters a database is accessed is step 1010.
  • the acquired parameters are stored in the database together with an appropriate identification of the subject.
  • the acquired parameters are matched against parameters already existing in the database and a match constitutes recognition of the subject.
  • the recognition sequence 1001 is conventional and known to persons skilled in art of eye identification.
  • the optical tests 1000 and 1001 may be carried out simultaneously (if possible) or in any order.
  • the computation analysis is carried out, of course, after the relevant optical tests have been performed .
  • Figure 1 also illustrates, at the generic level, apparatus used to carry out the methods of the invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a first subsystem 1001 for capturing recognition parameters and a second subsystem 1 000.
  • the first subsystem 1 001 includes a camera 1007, 1 009 for capturing the recognition parameters.
  • the second subsystem 1000 includes a detector 1 003 responsive to the difference between the response from an eye and an object purporting to be an eye. Details of apparatus are illustrated in Figures 3, 5, and 6.
  • Figure 2 shows in greater detail a sequence comprised in classification test 1000 and giving greater detail of check 1003.
  • the initial step comprises projecting 1020 characteristic radiation onto a test object, e.g. an eye presented for identification.
  • the result of projection 1020 is that a (possibly modified) version of the characteristic radiation 1020 is returned and this is acquired in step 1 021 .
  • the characteristics projected in step 1 020 are, of course, known and the acquired return 1021 is compared with the expectation. If the expected match is not achieved then recognition is refused as described in boxes 1004 and 1005 of Figure 1 . If the expected correspondence is achieved then the process of Figure 1 continues as indicated in boxes 1 006 and 1 001 .
  • the apparatus illustrated in Figure 3 observes an eye using polarised light and, effectively, crossed polarisation filters. Under these conditions of illumination a "real eye” gives distinctive results. If these results are observed, the recognition of box 1001 is accepted. If the expected results are not observed, it is assumed that the object is not an eye and recognition is refused.
  • the apparatus illustrated in Figure 3 comprises a conventional eye recognition camera or a detector 1 5 (together with its associated computerised circuitry and software) . If a camera is used, it is monochrome and it is sensitive in the visible and infrared part of the spectrum.
  • a polarisation filter 1 1 is placed in front of the camera/detector 1 5.
  • the polarisation filter 1 1 is a cube beam splitter which reflects one polarisation of wavelengths in the range 560 - 730nm while transmitting the same wavelength in the orthogonal polarisation. At wavelengths outside the stated band (560-730nm) the cube treats both polarisations substantially the same and, more specifically, it transmits both polarisations.
  • the illumination source is a lamp 1 2 which has a wavelength centred on 670nm.
  • the spectrum of the lamp 1 2 is chosen so that it is inside the range 560-730nm.
  • This arrangement has the effect that one polarisation produced by the lamp 1 2 passes directly through the polarisation filter 1 1 to emerge along the path 13. This polarisation is not utilised in the test.
  • the orthogonal polarisation is reflected by the filter 1 1 along the path 14 to illuminate an eye generally indicated by the numeral 1 00.
  • the eye 100 returns light along the path 1 4 and back to the polarisation filter 1 1 . On its return journey, one polarisation is reflected back to the lamp 1 2 whereas the orthogonal polarisation is transmitted to the camera or detector 1 5.
  • the apparatus comprises a second lamp or lamps 1 6 but its spectral range is outside the range 560-730nm.
  • the polarisation filter 1 1 is not effective at these wavelengths and both polarisations are transmitted to the camera 1 5 for normal eye recognition. LED's are suitable for use as the lamps.
  • Figure 3 can be used to carry out two similar tests.
  • Figure 4a is a flow sheet which illustrates a simple test based upon threshold whereas
  • Figure 4b is a flow sheet which illustrates a more complicated test based on pattern recognition. Those parts of the two tests which are the same will be described first.
  • the activation step 1041 On presentation of an eye for identification the activation step 1041 is performed and the source 1 2 is switched on. It is convenient to use an unpolarised source 1 2 and the second step therefore comprises polarisation 1042 so as to select polarised light for the test.
  • Illumination step 1043 illuminates the eye under test with polarised light and light is returned from the eye. Because a real eye affects the polarisation of light the returned illumination does not have the same polarisation as was imposed in the step 1042.
  • cross polarisation step 1044 only the orthogonal polarisation is accepted. In the simple test, illustrated in Figure 4a, the cross polarisation 1044 impinges on a sensor 1 5 which detects a level of illumination.
  • An eye changes the polarisation of incident light and, therefore, there will be a substantial level of cross polarisation 1044.
  • the polarisation of incident light is not substantially affected and, therefore, the level of cross polarisation 1044 is low.
  • the setting of a threshold for detector 1 5 therefore discriminates between a real eye and a possible fake such as a photograph.
  • the orthogonal polarisation 1 044 is formed into an image 1 045 which displays a pattern typical of an eye, i.e. a "Corneal Cross” because it resembles a shape usually known as a " Maltese Cross” .
  • a Pattern typical of an eye i.e. a "Corneal Cross” because it resembles a shape usually known as a " Maltese Cross” .
  • Forming the "Corneal Cross on the screen of a camera 1 5 allows the pattern to be detected 1 046 and this is taken as the distinction between an eye and a non-eye.
  • the image can be displayed on a visual display unit and viewed by a human supervisor. It is easy for a human supervisor to recognise the difference and take appropriate action, e.g. to issue a tactful message "please remove your contact lens” .
  • Computerised pattern recognition techniques can also be used to recognise the difference. It is the purpose of a cosmetic contact lens to hide the cornea of an eye and, therefore, it is to be expected that wearing a cosmetic contact lens will degrade a "Corneal Cross" to the extent that it is not recognisable.
  • Figure 5 illustrates apparatus which can be used to observe an eye. Similar apparatus is commercially available from lriscan Inc.
  • the apparatus is generally indicated by the numeral 1 0 and it comprises a light case 25 which prevents stray radiation affecting the recognition.
  • This light case 25 contains a camera 21 which is associated with software for performing the algorithm described in US patent 5291 560.
  • the light case 25 also contains an illumination unit 22 for illuminating an eye 100.
  • the light case 25 also contains a mirror 23 which has the property of reflecting some incident radiation and transmitting the remainder.
  • a display 24, which comprises an image of the eye 100 provided by the camera 21 is located behind the mirror 23.
  • the eye 100 With the illumination unit 22 switched on, the eye 100 is illuminated so that, after reflection by the mirror 23 an image of the eye is captured in the camera 21 and this image is used for conventional eye recognition.
  • the eye 1 00 can see through the mirror 23 to a display 24. It enables the eye to locate itself in the correct position for observation.
  • Camera 21 is fixed focus and the eye 1 00 is placed at the correct position so that it is in focus.
  • the mirror 23 reflects some radiation and transmits other radiation. This can be achieved by partial silvering to give whatever ratio of reflection to transmission is desired .
  • mirror 23 reflects near infrared and transmits visible light.
  • the visible light is, of course, used by the eye to position itself whereas the near infrared (which cannot be seen by the eye 1 00) is used for recognition.
  • the customer presses the start switch (not shown) which activates all equipment.
  • the camera operates at 20-30 frames a second so that moving the eye can change the display 24 so that the eye becomes correctly positioned.
  • a focus assessment algorithm selects frames for processing. Conveniently, the focus assessment algorithm selects frames which are in focus.
  • the illumination unit 22 comprises a single lamp which provides whatever wavelengths are used for recognition.
  • illuminator unit 22 is adapted to carry out eye classification tests ( 1 000 of Figure 1 ) as well as recognition tests ( 1001 of Figure 1 ) .
  • This illumination unit 22 is shown in greater detail in Figure 6.
  • the unit generally indicated by the numeral 30, comprises a light source 31 for carrying out conventional eye recognition and "red eye” tests and a secondary light source 32 for carrying out tests based upon an image of parallel straight lines.
  • the primary light source 31 comprises a bulb 33 with a reflector 35 to give a slightly diverging beam which illuminates an eye 1 00 via path 42. Some of the light provided along path 42 is returned to the Camera 21 via the mirror 23 and this light is used for conventional eye recognition.
  • primary source 31 utilises a known property of an eye, namely that an eye returns incident light back along the same path.
  • the eye 1 00 returns some of the light back along path 42 to the mirror 37 and this light is reflected onto the photodiodes 38.
  • the photodiodes 38 detect whether or not his returned light is above or below threshold. If the light is above threshold it is assumed that the object 100 is indeed an eye and recognition will proceed. If the returned light is below threshold it is assumed that the object 1 00 is not an eye, e.g. a photograph or some other fake, and recognition is refused (the effect is similar to the well known "red eye” effect observed in flash photographs.
  • the secondary light source 32 comprises a lamp 34 and a reflector 36.
  • the light from the lamp 34 also passes through a filter 39 to reduce the intensity of visible light but the filter 39 is provided with opaque parallel bars 40 so that there is a pattern. This pattern is focussed on the eye 1 00 by means of the lens 41 and the pattern can be observed by the camera 21 .
  • the image projected on the iris will comprise parallel straight lines whereas a curved contact lens will give an image of curved lines.
  • the difference between these two images can be recognised and hence the equipment will refuse to acknowledge an eye wearing reflective contact lenses.
  • the difference can be recognised by a human operator looking at an image displayed on a video display unit or it can be recognised using computerised pattern recognition techniques.
  • Figure 7a illustrates a pattern projected onto a real eye 100a.
  • the eye comprises an iris 1 01 a and the pattern 102b is reflected from flat tissue within the eye. This has the effect that the pattern of parallel straight lines is returned to camera 21 .
  • Figure 7b shows an eye 100b which is wearing a contact lens 101 b and the pattern is therefore projected onto a curved surface 1 02b. This distorts the pattern so that the distinction between a real eye and a contact lens can be observed at the camera.
  • box 1020 comprises projecting a pattern of parallel lines onto an eye (or other test target) .
  • the acquired pattern 1 021 is also parallel straight lines and detection of this pattern in box 1 022 allows continuation 1001 . If the pattern of lines is bent or distorted then recognition is refused is accordance with boxes 1 004 and 1 005.
  • a lens for registration is mounted on a support which has the same radius of curvature as an eye, e.g. providing a neutral background for the lens.
  • the mounted lens is presented in step 1 081 to registration equipment and the pattern of the lens is registered in step 1 082 using the conventional registration algorithms.
  • the lens is re-oriented in step 1083.
  • Reorientation comprises rotating the lens about its axis.
  • the lens is rotated through 45° and re-registered in step 1082.
  • Steps 1082 and 1 983 are repeated 1034 several times. For a rotation of 45° it is appropriate to repeat the sequence 8 times. Recording the lens in several orientations has the effect that should a candidate present for recognition or registration when wearing the lens the lens will be recognised and registration or recognition would be refused.
  • This method is effective for candidates who wear commercially available lenses but, should a new lens become available, the method is inapplicable because the new lens will not be recorded in the system.
  • the method according to the invention requires at least two tests, namely classification test 1000 and a recognition test 1001 .
  • classification test 1000 it is appropriate to ensure that both tests are carried out on the same target or test object.
  • classification tests 1000 it is appropriate to make sure that all of the tests are carried out on the same target.
  • the plurality of tests can be carried out in a short time, e.g. substantially less than one second . This makes it very difficult to use different targets for different tests.
  • the "red-eye" test and recognition are carried out with the same illumination but using different sensors. This means that the "red-eye” test and recognition are achieved simultaneously. This makes it impossible to use different targets for two tests.
  • the testing comprises an optical sequence in which data is captured followed by the analysis of the data.
  • different operational strategies are possible. Where it is desired to minimise the incident of false recognition (at the risk of false rejection), recognition should be refused if any one or more of the test give satisfactory results. Where false recognitions can be accepted to avoid false rejection it is more appropriate to use an algorithm which combines the results of different optical tests to reconcile conflicting results.
  • the algorithm has the effect of combining a plurality of optical tests into, effectively, a single test. A simple algorithm would take a majority verdict.
  • test comprised individuals who were registered in the system without contact lenses also registering with contact lenses.
  • lens 2 gave rise to inconsistent results.
  • the subject was enrolled without any contact lenses and the subject was further enrolled wearing lens 2.
  • recognition was always correct.
  • the blue lens were worn, sometimes the subject was correctly recognised and sometimes the blue lens was recognised.
  • the blue lens was recognised even when worn on the wrong eye.
  • the two different specimens were confused with one another. This establishes a degree of confusion which would not be acceptable in an operational system and, therefore, these tests indicate the desirability of recognising cosmetic contact lenses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

Il est établi que l'iris d'une personne constitue une caractéristique de celle-ci, et un dispositif permet d'obtenir des paramètres de reconnaissance à partir d'une image d'un iris. La reconnaissance d'iris (1001) est fiable à condition que l'objet testé soit un oeil, mais on risque d'obtenir des résultats inappropriés lorsqu'on soumet au dispositif de test un objet qui n'est pas un oeil, p. ex. une lentille de contact à motif. L'invention met en oeuvre des tests supplémentaires (1000) conçus pour distinguer un oeil réel d'un objet supposé être un oeil. Les tests supplémentaires comprennent l'étape consistant à : (a) éclairer l'objet testé à l'aide de lumière polarisée et observer la polarisation orthogonale. Un test simple permet de mesurer l'intensité de la polarisation orthogonale. Une faible intensité signifie que l'objet testé n'est pas un oeil. Un test plus complexe comporte les étapes consistant à former une image à l'aide de la polarisation orthogonale. Un oeil réel forme un motif distinct, similaire à une croix de Malte ; (b) mesurer l'intensité de la lumière retournée le long de la direction d'éclairage. Une faible intensité signifie que l'objet testé n'est pas un oeil ; (c) projeter une image d'un motif test sur un objet testé supposé être un oeil. La distorsion de l'image implique que l'objet testé n'est pas un oeil.
EP00938928A 1999-06-24 2000-06-15 Identification personnelle Withdrawn EP1192582A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00938928A EP1192582A1 (fr) 1999-06-24 2000-06-15 Identification personnelle

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99304967 1999-06-24
EP99304967 1999-06-24
EP00938928A EP1192582A1 (fr) 1999-06-24 2000-06-15 Identification personnelle
PCT/GB2000/002341 WO2001001329A1 (fr) 1999-06-24 2000-06-15 Identification personnelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1192582A1 true EP1192582A1 (fr) 2002-04-03

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00938928A Withdrawn EP1192582A1 (fr) 1999-06-24 2000-06-15 Identification personnelle

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP1192582A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001001329A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2864290B1 (fr) * 2003-12-18 2006-05-26 Sagem Procede et dispositif de reconnaissance d'iris
JP2006043029A (ja) * 2004-08-03 2006-02-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 生体判別装置およびそれを用いた認証装置ならびに生体判別方法
FR2880136B1 (fr) * 2004-12-29 2007-03-02 Sagem Procede de verification de la validite d'un oeil
JP2014206932A (ja) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-30 オムロン株式会社 認証装置、認証方法、制御プログラムおよび記録媒体
WO2016197297A1 (fr) * 2015-06-08 2016-12-15 北京旷视科技有限公司 Procédé de détection de corps vivant, système de détection de corps vivant et progiciel informatique
US9946943B2 (en) 2015-12-07 2018-04-17 Delta Id, Inc. Methods and apparatuses for birefringence based biometric authentication
CN108431820B (zh) * 2015-12-07 2021-12-03 达美生物识别科技有限公司 用于基于双折射的生物认证的方法和装置
US10817722B1 (en) 2017-03-20 2020-10-27 Cross Match Technologies, Inc. System for presentation attack detection in an iris or face scanner
US11531756B1 (en) 2017-03-20 2022-12-20 Hid Global Corporation Apparatus for directing presentation attack detection in biometric scanners
FR3081586B1 (fr) * 2018-05-22 2022-06-10 Idemia Identity & Security France Procede d'authentification d'un iris
WO2023107132A1 (fr) 2021-12-08 2023-06-15 Hid Global Corp. Dispositif de balayage biométrique à éclairage électriquement commutable

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US5303709A (en) * 1991-12-16 1994-04-19 Dreher Andreas W Retinal eye disease diagnostic system
US5684561A (en) * 1992-05-26 1997-11-04 Daphne Eye Technologies Device and method for evaluation of refraction of the eye
US6027216A (en) * 1997-10-21 2000-02-22 The Johns University School Of Medicine Eye fixation monitor and tracker

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Also Published As

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