EP1190404A2 - Verfahren zur quasi-kontinuierlichen übertragung einer zeitlich veränderlichen grösse - Google Patents
Verfahren zur quasi-kontinuierlichen übertragung einer zeitlich veränderlichen grösseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1190404A2 EP1190404A2 EP00951245A EP00951245A EP1190404A2 EP 1190404 A2 EP1190404 A2 EP 1190404A2 EP 00951245 A EP00951245 A EP 00951245A EP 00951245 A EP00951245 A EP 00951245A EP 1190404 A2 EP1190404 A2 EP 1190404A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- time
- size
- variable
- course
- transmitted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100172132 Mus musculus Eif3a gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
- G08C19/02—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the quasi-continuous transmission of a time-variable variable between a transmitting and a receiving device and a control and data transmission system for carrying out the method.
- Today's control and data transmission systems are used in a variety of ways for automation technology.
- Information is sent from a transmitter via a transmission medium, for example a data bus, to one or more receivers. If the value of a size changes over time, there is often a need to transmit the time-varying values of the size to the recipient. Since the data line is often designed for the communication of several bus subscribers, continuous data transmission between the transmitter and receiver is generally not possible, so the data communication must be by means of the transmission of discrete ones
- this type of transmission for example via an automation bus such as the fieldbus, means that the time-varying variable is only available in the form of discrete values at the receiver.Continuous transmission of a continuously changing variable can often not be carried out without the Block communication of other bus users with a control unit and / or with other bus users.
- CTSATZBUTT (RULE 26)
- RULE 26 In the case of a time-changing variable which is transmitted to a receiver via a transmission medium and is to trigger an operational function there in response to its chronological course, the problem arises that there is no data between the transmission of two values of the relevant variable.
- a size is transmitted once per second in order not to influence the general data transfer too much, i.e. to block. Accordingly, the reaction of the system can be delayed due to the time-discrete transmission with a variable time ⁇ t, the maximum value of which is given by the time difference between two transmissions, i.e. Is 1 second.
- a sensor signal may also be present as a control variable with a significantly higher update rate at a controller input.
- this can often not be provided in a conventional manner by a data channel used in control and data processing systems.
- One solution is that the size is not routed via the data channel, for example a bus, but via a direct line to the receiver.
- this contradicts the general efforts to couple the sensors and actuators involved in a control data processing system via the bus and to control the system centrally.
- a cable between the sensor and the receiver is necessary, which, for example, results in a high additional wiring effort if there are several positioning devices and runs counter to the concept of uniform data communication via the automation bus.
- the object of the invention is therefore to remedy the disadvantages of the prior art shown.
- ERSATZBL ⁇ TT REGEL26
- this is already provided by a method with the features of claim 1 or a control and data transmission system for carrying out the method with the features of claim 13.
- information is advantageously transmitted in discrete time intervals via the transmission medium between the transmitter and the receiver, and the information is used in a processing device downstream of the receiver device for at least approximate calculation of the time course of the variable.
- at least approximate values of the size under consideration are available at all times.
- An exemplary threshold or limit switch can thus be supplied with an input signal without interruption, a separate connection to the sensor can be omitted.
- the processes “determination of the time course of the size” or “determination of the point in time at which the size reaches or exceeds a predetermined value” are to be regarded as identical according to the invention. It is within the scope of the invention to transmit a single value or a plurality of values simultaneously in a single transmission. Furthermore, the time interval between individual transmissions need not necessarily be equidistant.
- the course of the variable over time can be calculated.
- ERSATZBL ⁇ TT (REGEL26)
- linear interpolation here denotes the calculation of values of the size, which can also lie outside the known interpolation points.
- the most optimal interpolation method can be selected depending on the expected time course.
- the interpolation method is changed over time in order to achieve a higher accuracy. For example, after a start-up time with a linear interpolation, one can switch to an interpolation with cubic splines. In this way, an adaptation of the method to the course of the time-variable variable is provided.
- the course of the size can also be determined directly in the processing device if, for example, an initial value has been transmitted to the processing device.
- Operational functions can thus be triggered without interruption in response to the calculated curve or the calculated variable can be used as a continuous input variable for a control circuit.
- the term operational function refers to all actions that can play a role with regard to the operation of a system or machine, for example the activation of an actuator, the detection by a sensor, but also the collection and storage of data etc.
- the idea of the invention can also be used if information is transmitted over the bus in discrete time intervals, which is in a specific and known relationship to the temporal course of the size.
- a time stamp can be given simultaneously with the transmission of the discrete value of the size, which essentially indicates the time of detection of the discrete value of the size , be transmitted.
- the transmission time which is essentially the cause of the delay described, can thus be determined in terms of amount and is compensated accordingly, so that ultimately the time-related course of the size is available for further processing, which corresponds to a quasi real-time transmission.
- the transmission of a time stamp for example to determine a time of acquisition, is particularly important for systems which operate according to the collision method (for example CSMA / CD) for data transmission and therefore have no fixed bus transmission times. With the simultaneous transmission of the respective time stamp, the individual bus transmission time of each individual transmission can thus be determined and taken into account in the calculation of the time course of the variable.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a basic device for carrying out the method according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a variable that changes over time (FIG. 2a) and their approximation according to the invention (FIG. 2b)
- FIG. 3 shows, in a second example, a variable that changes over time (FIG. 3a) and its approximation (FIG. 3b).
- a variable S F (t) which is variable over time is detected and transmitted from a transmitting device 1 via a transmission medium or a transmission path 2 to a receiving device 3. This transmission takes place at discrete time intervals, so that 3 discrete values of size S, ie S (t 0 ), S (t 1 ), S (t 2 ), ... S (t n ), are present at the receiver. Downstream of the receiver 3 is a processing device 4, to which the received values are sent. In this processing device 4, the time course of the quantity S (t) is approximated from the received discrete values by means of a linear interpolation. Thus, the temporal course, ie the value of the size under consideration, is available at any point in time or the point in time at which the size reaches a predetermined value can be specified. An operation-related function is triggered in response to the course or the time mentioned.
- FIG. 2 shows the course of an exemplary signal in a specific embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2a shows the signal S (t) from a sensor which measures the liquid level in a container.
- the amount of liquid in the container increases over time and should be reduced by draining from the container when a predetermined limit G is reached.
- the outlet of the container is controlled at the predetermined time.
- the components are part of a control and data transmission system, the sensor being connected to the automation bus 2 via a bus subscriber 1 (FIG. 1).
- the control of the container closure is connected to the automation bus 2 and the central control of the system via a further bus subscriber 3.
- the control of the container closure requires the current liquid level in the container at all times in order to function properly.
- Receiver device received over the automation bus of the size S (t 1 ) together with the real course are shown in Fig. 2b.
- the control 5 of the container closure 6 is one
- Upstream processing device 4 which determines an approximated time course from the transmitted discrete values of the water levels.
- a linear interpolation is carried out for this purpose, but depending on the embodiment of the invention, a higher order polynomial interpolation or a spline interpolation is also possible, for example.
- the choice of interpolation depends on the expected course of the size to be approximated. The in the
- Processing device 4 data processing of the linear interpolation comprises the steps to be processed cyclically to determine the temporal course of the water level: a) forming the difference between the two last values obtained of the water level b) dividing the difference calculated according to a) by the difference in times at which the both values were received, c) multiplying the result obtained in b) by the time elapsed from the time the last level was received and adding the result to the last level obtained.
- REPLACEMENT BLADE (RULE 26) the last calculated value as input variable of the control is kept constant by a special holding circuit until a newly calculated value is available.
- the shutter is opened.
- the calculated level curve represented by the corresponding straight line section S 3 reaches the limit value G approximately at time t x , at which the closure of the liquid container is then opened. Without approximation of the time function, the closure would only have taken place at time t 4 , ie after the transmission of the subsequent discrete water level and thus too late.
- the processing device does not calculate the time function, but rather uses a linear interpolation to calculate the point in time at which the predetermined limit level G is reached. This calculation is carried out in a similar way to the calculation of the time function and therefore does not need to be explained in more detail.
- the transmission time for transmitting the discrete value of the size to the receiver device should not be neglected.
- the position sensor is connected via a bus participant to a serial ring bus system according to EN 50254, via which data can be exchanged with the control or via the control with other bus participants.
- the bus subscriber assigned to the sensor transmits m discrete Time intervals discrete positions Y (t 1 ), Y (t 2 ) .. Y (t n ) to the receiver device, which is followed by a processing device.
- the transmission speed and the number of bus users require a transmission time from one bus user to another of approximately 2 milliseconds. These considerations do not take into account the transmission times from the sensor to the transmitter or possible processing times, for example to provide a digital signal on the transmission side and processing times on the receiver side, since they are generally negligible compared to the bus transmission time mentioned.
- the position being detected by a sensor and transmitted via the bus with a bus cycle time of two milliseconds to a receiver and a controller which switches off when a predetermined position is reached this means that the object was moved too far by a maximum of two millimeters if the drive moved the object at one meter per second.
- 3b shows the time function calculated in the processing device in the curve identified by the letter A.
- Y s represents the time delay described, which corresponds to the bus transmission time t ü .
- this lagging of the time function is compensated in comparison to the real time course of the position Y of the workpiece in that the calculation of the Time function the bus transmission time t ö is also taken into account.
- the multiplier is not only the time period that has elapsed from the time the last value was received, but also the bus transmission time t ü .
- t ü is determined, for example, either by the simultaneous transmission of a time stamp, with the aid of which the transmission time is calculated by comparing it with a time stamp, or by measuring the bus transmission time once.
- One-off detection is often sufficient, especially in a serial fieldbus system according to EN 50254, since the bus cycle time is generally constant in such a system.
- the time function calculated in this way is shown in the curve labeled B in FIG. 3b.
- the position signal Y applied to the control of the drive thus corresponds to the real sensor signal at all times (see FIG. 3a), which results in the desired precise positioning of the workpiece.
- the determined relationship between the parameter of the drive and the position is stored in the processing device, for example in the form of an assignment table or a formula implemented using hardware or software.
- this drive parameter is the power supplied to the drive.
- the assignment matrix stored in the processing device, allows the
- ERSATZBL ⁇ TT (REGEL26) predetermined power determine the displacement and thus the position of the object, the drive being set so that it accelerates the object up to a predetermined speed of 1 m / s and then maintains this speed.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Reduction Or Emphasis Of Bandwidth Of Signals (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19930822A DE19930822A1 (de) | 1999-07-03 | 1999-07-03 | Verfahren zur quasi-kontinuierlichen Übertragung einer zeitlich veränderlichen Größe |
| DE19930822 | 1999-07-03 | ||
| PCT/DE2000/002047 WO2001003095A2 (de) | 1999-07-03 | 2000-06-30 | Verfahren zur quasi-kontinuierlichen übertragung einer zeitlich veränderlichen grösse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1190404A2 true EP1190404A2 (de) | 2002-03-27 |
| EP1190404B1 EP1190404B1 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
Family
ID=7913620
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00951245A Expired - Lifetime EP1190404B1 (de) | 1999-07-03 | 2000-06-30 | Verfahren zur quasi-kontinuierlichen übertragung einer zeitlich veränderlichen grösse |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7002485B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1190404B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE240569T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19930822A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2193097T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001003095A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3674569B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-04 | 2005-07-20 | オムロン株式会社 | センサ管理装置、センサ管理装置の制御プログラム、このプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体、センサ管理装置の制御方法 |
| AU2003250981B2 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2009-05-28 | Vega Grieshaber Kg | Method and device for determining an expectancy range for a level echo and a spurious echo |
| FR2874812B1 (fr) | 2004-09-07 | 2007-06-15 | Perouse Soc Par Actions Simpli | Valve protheique interchangeable |
| DE102005014241A1 (de) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Rekonstruieren von Datenwerten eines Sensorsignals |
| DE102005026521A1 (de) * | 2005-06-08 | 2006-12-14 | Endress + Hauser Process Solutions Ag | Verfahren zur Reduktion des Datentransfers zwischen einem Feldgerät der Automatisierungstechnik und einer Steuereinheit |
| DE102023211578A1 (de) | 2023-11-21 | 2025-05-22 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Drehzahl und/oder einer von einer Drehzahl abgeleiteten Bewegungsgröße, Computerprogrammprodukt, Datenträger, Computereinrichtung |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4334980C2 (de) | 1993-10-14 | 1997-09-25 | Vickers Systems Gmbh | Ein-Ausgabeelement für Hydraulikanwendungen |
| GB2323197B (en) * | 1997-03-13 | 1999-02-10 | Intelligent Applic Ltd | A monitoring system |
| AU9480798A (en) | 1997-09-12 | 1999-03-29 | Williams Wireless, Inc. | Wide area remote telemetry |
| DE19752948C1 (de) | 1997-11-28 | 1999-03-11 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und System zur Verarbeitung von Meßwerten einer technischen Anlage |
| AU2003250981B2 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2009-05-28 | Vega Grieshaber Kg | Method and device for determining an expectancy range for a level echo and a spurious echo |
| DE102004006015A1 (de) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anpassung eines Schwellwertes einer Detektionseinrichtung |
-
1999
- 1999-07-03 DE DE19930822A patent/DE19930822A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-06-30 AT AT00951245T patent/ATE240569T1/de active
- 2000-06-30 WO PCT/DE2000/002047 patent/WO2001003095A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-30 US US10/019,868 patent/US7002485B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-30 EP EP00951245A patent/EP1190404B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-30 ES ES00951245T patent/ES2193097T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-30 DE DE50002194T patent/DE50002194D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0103095A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19930822A1 (de) | 2001-01-11 |
| DE50002194D1 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
| EP1190404B1 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
| WO2001003095A3 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
| WO2001003095A2 (de) | 2001-01-11 |
| ATE240569T1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
| ES2193097T3 (es) | 2003-11-01 |
| US7002485B1 (en) | 2006-02-21 |
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