EP1189948A1 - Verfahren zur selektiven hydrierung von ethylenisch ungesättigten doppelbindungen in polymeren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur selektiven hydrierung von ethylenisch ungesättigten doppelbindungen in polymerenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1189948A1 EP1189948A1 EP00936816A EP00936816A EP1189948A1 EP 1189948 A1 EP1189948 A1 EP 1189948A1 EP 00936816 A EP00936816 A EP 00936816A EP 00936816 A EP00936816 A EP 00936816A EP 1189948 A1 EP1189948 A1 EP 1189948A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- dispersion
- polymers
- aqueous
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 40
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 6
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920005789 ACRONAL® acrylic binder Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 3
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
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- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP(OCCCC)OCCCC XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHWBYAACHDUFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclopentylphosphane Chemical compound C1CCCC1P(C1CCCC1)C1CCCC1 DHWBYAACHDUFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKFOKQCKJHAAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-H tripotassium;rhodium;hexanitrite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[Rh].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O RKFOKQCKJHAAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- YDEXHLGYVJSKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-H trisodium;hexachlororhodium(3-) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] YDEXHLGYVJSKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/02—Hydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/04—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
- C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
- C09D1/04—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates with organic additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in polymers P by reacting an aqueous dispersion of at least one polymer P with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst.
- the hydrogenation of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds represents an important process for the derivatization of polymers which contain ethylenically unsaturated double bonds.
- a number of such polymers are produced on an industrial scale.
- Polymers based on butadiene and / or isoprene may be mentioned here by way of example.
- the hydrogenation thus allows the provision of polymer classes which are new or can only be produced in a very complicated manner by other means.
- the polymers to be hydrogenated in addition to the ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, can also have other functionalities which are reactive toward hydrogenation.
- the hydrogenation process should therefore generally be distinguished by a high selectivity with regard to the double bonds to be hydrogenated.
- the hydrogenation basically entails the risk that reactive intermediates are generated on the polymer which can react with double bonds which have not yet reacted with crosslinking.
- Singha et al. (Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 68, 1995 pp. 281-86) describe the hydrogenation of an aqueous NBR dispersion in the presence of water-soluble catalysts of the Wilkinson type. Despite comparatively high amounts of catalyst, only low sales are achieved.
- German patent application P 197 53 302.7 describes the hydrogenation of aqueous polymer dispersions containing butadiene in the presence of a transition metal catalyst which comprises rhodium and or ruthenium and at least one phosphorus-containing compound.
- a solution of the hydrogenation catalyst is first prepared from a salt or a complex compound of the respective transition metal and a phosphorus-containing compound in an organic solvent under a hydrogen atmosphere, and this solution is then added to the aqueous polymer dispersion to be hydrogenated.
- This method leads to satisfactory hydrogenation conversions and avoids the use of larger amounts of solvents.
- an organic solvent is introduced into the polymer dispersion with the catalyst.
- the separate manufacture of the catalyst means additional effort.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a process for the hydrogenation of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in polymers which can be carried out in an aqueous dispersion of the polymers P and which has a high selectivity in favor of the hydrogenation of the ethylenic double bonds. bond guaranteed to the hydrogenation of other functionalities or crosslinking reactions.
- This object is surprisingly achieved by a process in which an aqueous dispersion of a polymer P having ethylenically unsaturated double bonds is hydrogenated in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, the hydrogenation catalyst, the at least one transition metal selected from rhodium and / or ruthenium, and at least incorporates a nonionic, phosphorus-containing compound, which can form a coordinative compound with the transition metal, into the aqueous dispersion of the polymer P without the addition of a solvent.
- the present invention thus relates to a process for the hydrogenation of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in polymers P by reacting an aqueous dispersion of at least one polymer P with hydrogen in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst, the at least one transition metal, selected from rhodium and / or ruthenium, and at least comprises a non-ionic, phosphorus-containing compound which can form a coordinative compound with the transition metal, characterized in that the hydrogenation catalyst is incorporated into the aqueous dispersion of the polymer P without the addition of a solvent.
- the hydrogenation catalyst is incorporated into the dispersion of the polymer P to be hydrogenated without the addition of an organic solvent.
- the hydrogenation catalyst can be incorporated into the dispersion as such, ie in the form of a complex compound which contains the respective transition metal and at least one phosphorus-containing compound as ligand.
- the incorporation is generally carried out by adding the complex compound of transition metal and phosphorus-containing compound into the aqueous dispersion of the polymer P to be hydrogenated.
- the complex compound of transition metal and phosphorus-containing compound can be in the form of a solid, an aqueous solution or a solution in a dilute solution aqueous mineral acid, for example in dilute hydrochloric acid, are added.
- the transition metal and the phosphorus-containing compound can also be incorporated separately into the dispersion of the polymer P to be hydrogenated.
- the transition metal is incorporated into the dispersion of the polymer P in the form of a salt or a complex compound which does not comprise a phosphorus-containing compound.
- the phosphorus-containing compound is incorporated into the dispersion of the polymer P as a separate compound.
- a salt or a suitable complex compound of the transition metal can be added to the dispersion of the polymer P as a solid or as an aqueous solution or as a solution in a dilute mineral acid.
- the transition metal can also be incorporated by dissolving a salt or a complex compound of the transition metal in the monomers M to be polymerized before preparing the dispersion of the polymer P and then preparing the polymer P by polymerizing the monomers M in the presence of the transition metal . This method is particularly useful when the aqueous dispersion of the polymer P is produced by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of the monomers M forming the polymer P.
- the transition metal can be dissolved in a suitable form in a solution or melt of the polymer, which is then converted into the actual aqueous dispersion of the polymer P.
- the phosphorus-containing compound can be added at any of the times mentioned above.
- the phosphorus-containing compound is preferably added to the aqueous dispersion of the polymer P. In particular, it is added to the aqueous dispersion of the polymer P just before the hydrogenation.
- salts and complex compounds of rhodium and ruthenium which are suitable according to the invention and which do not yet contain any phosphorus-containing compound as ligands are listed below:
- the salts of ruthenium and rhodium include their hydrides, oxides, sulfides, nitrates, sulfates, halides, e.g. B. their chlorides, carboxylates, e.g. B. their acetates, propionates, hexanoates or benzoates, their salts with sulfonic acids and mixed salts, ie salts with different anions, eg. B. the oxide chlorides.
- salts of complex ions of rhodium and / or ruthenium for example the salts of rhodium or of ruthenium oxygen acids, the salts of halogenoruthenates and halogenorhodates, in particular the chlororuthenates and chlororhodates, the amine and aquo complexes of the rhodium halides and Ruthenium halides, especially the chlorides, and the salts of nitroruthenates.
- Salts and complex salts are: ruthenium (III) chloride, ruthenium (III) nitrosyl chloride, ammonium pentachloroaquoruthenate (III), hexamminruthenium (II) and ruthenium (III) chloride, dichlorobis (2,2'-dipyridyl) ruthenium (II), Tris (2,2 '-dipyridyl) ruthenium (II) chloride, pentammine chlororuthenium (III) chloride, potassium pentachloronitrosylruthenium (II), ruthenium (IV) oxide, tetraacetatochlorodiruthenium (II, III), hexakisacetatotriaquo- ⁇ -oxotriruthe - nium (III) acetate, rhodium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) hydroxide, rhodium (III) nit
- Neutral complexes of rhodium and ruthenium are also suitable. It should be noted here that the transitions between salts of ruthenium or rhodium as well as salt-like and neutral complexes are fluid and the classification here is only of an orderly nature.
- neutral complexes which contain no phosphorus-containing compound are the 2,4-pentanedionates of rhodium and ruthenium, such as ruthenium (III) tris-2,4-pentanedionate, rhodium (I) dicarbonyl-2,4-pentanedionate, Rhodium (III) tris-2, 4-pentanedionate, bisethylene rhodium (I) -2, 4-pentanedionate and norbornadiene rhodium (I) -2, 4-pentanedionate, the carbonyl complexes of ruthenium and rhodium such as dodeeacarbonyltetrarhodium, hexadeeacarbonylrhodium, Tetracarbonyldi- ⁇ -chlorodirhodium (I) and dodecacarbonyltriruthenium.
- Organic, phosphorus-containing compounds in which the phosphorus atoms are trivalent are suitable according to the invention. They preferably contain one or two phosphorus atoms.
- Examples of preferred phosphorus-containing compounds are the compounds of the general formula I.
- R can be the same or different and independently of one another are -CC-alkyl, C -C- 2 cycloalkyl, aryl, -C-C 10 alkyloxy, C-C ⁇ 2 cycloalkyloxy and aryloxy or fluorine, or two radicals R together are C Are 3 -C 6 alkylene, C 3 -C 6 alkenylene or C 3 -C 6 alkadienylene, A represents a bivalent hydrocarbon radical, and
- x, y are independently 0 or 1, and preferably 0.
- C 1 -C 0 alkyl is both linear and branched alkyl which has 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6 and in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for.
- B. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl and n-decyl.
- C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkyloxy represents a linear or branched, primary, secondary or tertiary alkoxy group having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6 and in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms z.
- alkyl groups in C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkyl and Cj . -C ⁇ o-alkoxy can be partially or completely halogenated and / or have one, two or three functional groups, selected from hydroxy or amino functions, or can be interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms or imino groups.
- examples of such radicals are 2-hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 5-hydroxy-3-oxopentyl.
- partially halogenated means that the respective group has one, two, three, four or five halogen atoms, preferably chlorine or fluorine.
- C 4 -Ci 2 -cycloalkyl stands for saturated mono-, bi- and tricycles such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, camphyl or tricyclodecanyl, which can have up to 12 carbon atoms and which are partially or completely halogenated and / or one , two or three substituents or functional groups, selected from C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, -CC 4 alkoxy, hydroxy or amino functions, may have. They can also have one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms or imino groups in the cycle.
- two radicals R together represent C 3 -C 6 alkylene, C 3 -Cg alkenylene or C 3 -C 6 alkadienylene, they mean a linear carbon chain with 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the chain, these being can be interrupted by one or two oxygen atoms.
- they together with the phosphorus atom to which they are attached, they form a phosphorus heterocycle which, in addition to the phosphorus atom, can also have one or two oxygen atoms and has at least 4 and up to 9 ring atoms.
- two radicals R can form a tetrahydrophosphol-1-yl, benzodihydrophosphol-1-yl, di-benzophosphol-1-yl or a phenoxaphosphan-10-yl radical.
- Aryl represents phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl, which can be partially or completely halogenated and / or one or more substituents selected from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyloxy, amino, di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino and hydroxy, which can optionally also be ethoxylated.
- Preferred aryl is phenyl, o-, m- or p-tolyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-tert. -Butylphenyl and p-hydroxyphenyl, which can also be ethoxylated (EO grade 1 to 50).
- A stands for a saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic, polycyclic or acyclic, divalent hydrocarbon radical with preferably up to 25 carbon atoms.
- A stands for example for linear or branched C 2 -C 2 , preferably C 2 -C 6 alkylene such as 1,2-ethylene, 1,2- or 1,3-propylene, 2,3-butylene, 2,2 -Dimethyl-l, 3-propylene, butane-l, 4-diyl, which is optionally substituted and / or is part of a carbocycle or a heterocycle, for example as in 2,3- (1 ', 3'-dioxa-2', 2'-dimethylpropane-1 ', 3'-diyl) butane-l, 4-diyl and trans- or cis-norbor-nan-l, 2-diyl.
- C 2 -C 6 alkylene such as 1,2-ethylene, 1,2- or 1,3-propylene, 2,3-butylene, 2,2 -Dimethyl-l, 3-propylene, butane-l, 4-diyl, which is optionally substituted and / or is part of
- A also stands for divalent mono-, bi- or tricyclic radicals with phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl groups and includes in particular o-phenylene, o, o-diphenylene, (o, o-diphenylene) methane, 2,2- (o, o-diphenylene) propane, (o, o-diphenylene) ether, 1,8-naphthylene, 2,2 '-binaphthylene, 1, 1' -ferrocenylene, 1,9-anthracenylene, 1, 9- Xanthenylene, where the phenylene, naphthylene or anthracenylene groups can be partially or completely halogenated and / or one or more substituents selected from C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyloxy, amino, di-C ⁇ -C 4 -Alkylamino and hydroxy, which can optionally also be ethoxylated, can have.
- Preferred radicals R are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, o-, m- or p -Tolyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-tert-butylphenyl and p-hydroxyphenyl, especially n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl.
- Examples of preferred compounds of the formula I are triphenylphosphine, triisopropylphosphine, tri-n-butylphosphine, tri-n-octylphosphine, tricyclopentylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, trisanisylphosphine, tris (p-tolyl) phosphine, triethylphosphite, tri-n- butyl phosphite and dibenzophosphol.
- Examples of preferred compounds of the formula II are 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane, 1,3- Bis (diphenylphosphino) propane, 1,1'-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene, 2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -l, l'-biphenyl and 2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -l, 1 '-binaphthyl.
- Further examples of compounds of the general formula II can be found in WO 97/33854, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111 p. 349; Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds, Vol. 1 (Ed., B. Cornils, WA Herrmann) VCH Weinheim, New York 1996.
- the phosphorus-containing compounds according to the invention can also be modified in such a way that they also contain other atoms or atom groups suitable for coordination with the metal atom, such as amino or imino groups, e.g. B. oxazoline and imidazoline groups.
- the mode of action of such phosphorus-containing compounds can probably be explained in such a way that they support the formation of hydrogen-active species from the ruthenium or rhodium precursor used in each case.
- Preferred phosphorus-containing compounds are the abovementioned compounds of the general formulas I and II.
- X 1 and X 2 independently of one another for hydrogen, halogen, preferably chloride, the anion of a carboxylic acid, for. B. acetate, benzoate or hexanoate or a sulfonic acid, e.g. B. phenyl sulfonate, acetylacetonate, phenyl, which is optionally substituted,
- L 1 is selected from carbonyl, pyridine, benzonitrile, dibenzophosphol, cycloolefins and a ligand of the general formula PR 3 , in which R has the meanings given above, and
- L 2 stands for a phosphorus-containing ligand of the formula I and (L 2 ) 2 can also stand for a phosphorus-containing ligand of the formula II.
- X represents halide, preferably chloride or bromide, the anion of a carboxylic acid, acetylacetonate, aryl or alkyl sulfonate, hydride or the diphenyltriazine anion,
- L 3 , L 4 and L 5 independently of one another for CO, olefins, cycloolefine, benzonitrile, a phosphorus-containing ligand of the formula I or II,
- n 0, 1 or 2
- At least one of the ligands L 3 , L 4 and L 5 represents one of the above-mentioned phosphorus-containing ligands of the general formula I or II.
- X in formula III or IV preferably represents hydride, chloride, bromide, acetate, tosylate, acetylacetonate or the diphenyltriacionanion, in particular hydride, chloride or acetate.
- Suitable phosphine complexes of the general formulas III and IV are: carbonylchlorohydridobis (tricyclohexylphosphine) ruthenium (II), carbonylchlorohydridobis (triisopropylphosphine) ruthenium (II), carbonylchlorohydridobis (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II), carbonylchlorostyrylbis (II), CarbonylchlorostyryIbis (triisopropylphosphine) ruthenium (II), Carbonylchlorobenzoatobis (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II), Dichlorotris (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II), bis (tri-phenylphosphine) ruthenium dicarbonyl chloride (acethenhenophenyl), triphenhenophenyl triphenyl chloride (I
- the preferred transition metal in the process according to the invention is ruthenium.
- Ruthenium is preferably used as one of the above-mentioned ruthenium compounds with 2,4-pentanedionate ligands.
- ruthenium tris-2,4-pentanedionate is used.
- Ruthenium is preferably used with compounds of the formula I, in particular with triisopropylphosphine, tri-n-butylphosphine, tris-n-octylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, trisanisylphosphine and tris (p-tolyl) phosphine.
- catalyst in the range from 1 to 1000 ppm, preferably 5 to 500 ppm, of ruthenium and / or rhodium, based on the total weight of the polymer P to be hydrogenated, are used.
- the molar ratio of phosphorus-containing compound to metal atom is generally in the range from 1:10 to 100: 1, preferably 1: 2 to 50: 1 and especially 1: 1 to 20: 1.
- the hydrogenation according to the invention is generally carried out by first incorporating the hydrogenation catalyst into the aqueous dispersion of the polymer P in the manner described above. If necessary, the dispersion is adjusted to a suitable solids content by dilution with water or a water / emulsifier mixture before or after incorporation of the catalyst.
- the solids content of the polymer P dispersion to be hydrogenated is generally in the range from 20 to 60% by weight and preferably in the range from 20 to 50% by weight.
- the catalyst-containing dispersion is transferred to a reaction vessel suitable for the hydrogenation, oxygen is optionally removed, for example by flushing the reaction vessel with an inert gas such as nitrogen, the desired hydrogen pressure is set and the mixture is heated to a suitable reaction temperature.
- oxygen is optionally removed, for example by flushing the reaction vessel with an inert gas such as nitrogen, the desired hydrogen pressure is set and the mixture is heated to a suitable reaction temperature.
- the hydrogenation generally takes place at a partial pressure of the hydrogen in the range from 0.5 to 600 bar, preferably 50 to 400 bar, in particular 100 to 300 bar.
- the reaction temperature is generally in the range from 20 to 250 ° C., preferably 50 to 200 ° C., in particular 100 to 180 ° C.
- the reaction time is generally in the range from 1 to 50 hours, preferably 2 to 40 hours and in particular 3 to 30 hours.
- the reaction can be carried out up to a certain conversion which is controlled in a known manner by reaction parameters such as hydrogen pressure and temperature and the amount of the catalyst system used.
- the reaction is preferably carried out up to a conversion of at least 50%, based on the ethylene double bonds contained in P.
- the expert can determine the choice of the respective reaction parameters in routine experiments.
- a sales determination can be carried out, for example, by IR spectrometry using trolls of the bands typical for ethylenically unsaturated double bonds take place in the range from 900 to 1000 cm -1 .
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that the ethylenic double bonds of the polymerize P are also selectively hydrogenated in the presence of other hydrogenation-active double bonds, for example aromatic C CC double bonds, carbonyl groups, nitrile functions etc., without a noticeable hydrogenation of other double bonds being observed .
- the method according to the invention is simplified in its implementation since the catalyst does not have to be manufactured separately. In addition, no solvents are required.
- aqueous dispersions of polymers with ethylenically unsaturated double bonds can be considered as substrates for the hydrogenation process according to the invention.
- These include both dispersions that are produced by radical polymerization of aqueous monomer emulsions (primary dispersions) and those whose polymers are produced in another way and are subsequently converted into an aqueous dispersion (secondary dispersions).
- primary dispersions those whose polymers are produced in another way and are subsequently converted into an aqueous dispersion
- secondary dispersions The term polymer dispersion basically also includes dispersions of microcapsules.
- the solvent content (organic solvent) of the polymer dispersion to be hydrogenated will generally not exceed 1000 ppm, and in particular 500 ppm, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
- Preferred polymers P are homo- or copolymers of conjugated dienes, which generally contain 10 to 100% by weight, preferably 20 to 100% by weight, of at least one conjugated diene in copolymerized form (monomers a).
- Suitable monomers a are, for example, butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, 1-methylbutadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, 2- (tri-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) silylbutadiene, such as 35 2-triethylsilyl-1,3-butadiene.
- Preferred monomers a are butadiene and isoprene, especially butadiene.
- Such copolymers are generally from 10 to 99% by weight, in particular 15 to 95% by weight, and are special
- the modifying monomers c usually make up to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers a, b and c constituting the polymer.
- Suitable monomers b are the monomers normally used for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions, which generally have a water solubility below 80 g / l. These include, for example:
- Olefins such as ethylene, propene, n-butene, and isobutene;
- Vinyl aromatic monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene or vinyltoluenes;
- Vinyl and allyl esters of aliphatic, linear or branched C ⁇ -Ci 8 monocarboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate,
- Esters of ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids preferably having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, for example
- B methyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and lauryl acrylate.
- Suitable monomers b are ethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile.
- the modifying monomers c include monomers C which have an increased solubility in water (for example> 80 g / 1 at 25 ° C. and 1 bar).
- acrylamide and methacrylamide the N-alkylolamides of the aforementioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids such as N-methylolacrylamide and N-methylolmethacrylamide, the hydroxyalkyl esters of the aforementioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, for.
- Such monomers c ' are generally used to a lesser extent, i.e. h ⁇ 20% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers a, b and c to be polymerized, preferably ⁇ 10% by weight, for example in amounts of up to 0.1 to 10% by weight and especially 0 , 5 to 8 wt .-%, used.
- the polymers P to be hydrogenated can also contain, as monomers c, copolymerized monomers c ′′ which have at least two non-conjugated, ethylenically unsaturated bonds, for example the diesters of dihydric alcohols with ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids.
- alkylene glycol diacrylates and dimethacrylates such as ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, furthermore diamine benzene, vinyl methacrylate , Vinyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate, diallyl maleate, diallyl fumarate, diallyl phthalate, methylenebisacrylamide, cyclopentadienylacrylate and methacrylate, tricyclodecenylacrylate and methacrylate, N, N'-divinylimidazolinyl-2-one-ononyl. If desired, such monomers are used in amounts of 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers a + b + c.
- the polymer P can also contain, as monomers c, copolymerized bifunctional monomers which, in addition to an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, have at least one reactive functional group, for example an epoxy, anhydride, aldehyde or ketocarbonyl function.
- bifunctional monomers are ethylenically unsaturated glycidyl ethers and esters, for example vinyl, allyl and methallyl glycidyl ethers, glycidyl acrylate and methacrylate, the anhydrides ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, for example acrylic acid anhydride and methacrylic acid diacetone anhydride the above-mentioned ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, for example diacetone (meth) acrylamide, and the esters of acetoacetic acid with the above-mentioned hydroxyalkyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, for.
- glycidyl ethers and esters for example vinyl, allyl and methallyl glycidyl ethers, glycidyl acrylate and methacrylate
- the polymers P to be hydrogenated can contain bifunctional monomers in amounts of up to 20% by weight, for example 0.01 to 10% by weight.
- the functional groups of the bifunctional monomers are not destroyed by the hydrogenation and enable the polymers P according to the invention to be crosslinked, for example with polyfunctional amines, hydrazides or alcohols.
- Preferred embodiments of the process according to the invention relate to the hydrogenation of polymer dispersions, the polymers P of which essentially consist of butadiene and / or isoprene, in particular butadiene as the sole monomer a, and of styrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, isobutene and / or (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters as monomers b are constructed.
- Preferred monomers c are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide and / or N-methylolmethacrylamide.
- Preferred monomer combinations a / b are butadiene and / or isoprene with styrene and / or ⁇ -methylstyrene; Butadiene with acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile; Butadiene and isoprene with acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile; Butadiene with acrylonitrile and styrene; Butadiene with isobutene; Butadiene with (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters.
- aqueous dispersions of the polymers P for hydrogenation is known to the person skilled in the art and can in principle be carried out by anionic, radical or Ziegler-Natta polymerization in solution, in bulk, in suspension or in emulsion. Depending on the type of reaction, the conjugated dienes are 1,4-polymerized and / or 1,2-polymerized. If the polymers P obtainable by the aforementioned processes are not already obtained as aqueous dispersions (primary dispersions), they are converted into an aqueous dispersion in a known manner before the hydrogenation (so-called secondary dispersions).
- Suitable free-radical polymerization initiators include organic peroxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzoyl peroxide, inorganic peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, salts of peroxomono- and / or peroxodisulfuric acid, in particular the ammonium and / or alkali metal peroxysulfates, as well as azobulin sulfates (persulfate) the persulfates being particularly preferred. Also preferred are combined systems which are composed of at least one organic reducing agent and at least one peroxide and / or hydroperoxide, e.g. B.
- tert-butyl hydroperoxide and the sodium salt of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid or hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid (as an electrolyte-free redox initiator system), and which may also contain a small amount of a metal compound soluble in the polymerization medium, the metallic component of which can occur in several valence levels, e.g. Iron (II) sulfate and water-soluble Fe / V salts.
- the polymerization initiators mentioned are used in conventional amounts, e.g. B. in amounts of 0.01 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 wt .-%, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
- the monomer mixture in the presence of conventional polymerization regulators such as mercaptans, e.g. B. tert. -Dodecylmer- captan, polymerized. These are then used in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the mixture.
- conventional polymerization regulators such as mercaptans, e.g. B. tert. -Dodecylmer- captan
- Neutral emulsifiers such as ethoxylated mono-, di- and tri-alkylphenols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 to C 9 ) or ethoxylated fatty alcohols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical C) are suitable 8 to C 36 ) and anionic emulsifiers such as the alkali and ammonium salts of fatty acids (alkyl radical: C ⁇ 2 to C 24 ), alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: C ⁇ to C 22 ) f of sulfuric acid semiesters of ethoxylated alkanols (EO grade: 4 to 30, alkyl radical : C ß to C 22 ) and ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO grade: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C 4 to C 10 ), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C ⁇ to C
- Suitable anionic emulsifiers are alkali metal or ammonium salts of mono- or di-C 4 -C 24 -alkyl derivatives of bis (phenylsulfonic acid) ether, e.g. B. technical mixtures containing 50 to 80% of the monoalkylated product.
- Such emulsifiers are known from US Pat. No. 4,269,749; the technical mixtures are as commercially available under the name Dowfax®2Al (Dow Chemical).
- alkali metal and / or ammonium salts in particular the sodium salts of, are particularly preferred.
- Further suitable emulsifiers can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Macromolecular Substances, Georg-Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pages 192 to 208.
- conventional protective colloids such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or amphiphilic block polymers with short hydrophobic blocks can also be used for co-stabilization.
- the amount of emulsifiers used, based on the monomers to be polymerized, will not exceed 5% by weight.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of an aqueous polymer dispersion as polymer seed (seed latex).
- an aqueous polymer dispersion as polymer seed seed latex.
- Such processes are fundamentally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in DE-A 42 13 967, DE-A 42 13 968, EP-A 567 811, EP-A 567 812 or EP-A 567 819, which are hereby incorporated in their entirety Reference is made.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out under pressure.
- the polymerization time can vary within a wide range. It is generally in the range from 1 to 15 hours, preferably in the range from 3 to 10 hours.
- the polymerization temperature is also variable over a wide range. Depending on the initiator used, it is about 0 to 110 ° C.
- the polymer dispersions produced in this way generally have solids contents of up to 75% by weight. Polymer dispersions with solids contents of 40 to 70% by weight are of particular importance.
- the dispersions with these solids contents can be used for the hydrogenation process according to the invention. If necessary, the dispersions are diluted beforehand with water or an aqueous emulsifier solution to a suitable solids content.
- the solids content of the dispersion used in the process is preferably in the range from 10 to 60% by weight, in particular 20 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
- the dispersions of the hydrogenated polymers P 'derived from the polymers P which are obtainable by the process according to the invention are new and likewise the subject of the present invention.
- the polymers P 'they contain, which can be obtained from the dispersions in a known manner, are notable for a high stability to environmental influences such as light, oxygen and / or elevated temperature, which is significantly improved in comparison with the polymers P of the non-hydrogenated basic dispersions out.
- the hydrogenated polymers P ' have a low tendency to yellowing and embrittlement.
- the hydrogenated polymers P ' are distinguished by an improved tearability and an increased elongation at break compared to the non-hydrogenated polymers P.
- the proportions of monomers a, b and c add up to 100% by weight and the proportion of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile is less than 20% by weight.
- particularly preferred are hydrogenated aqueous dispersions of polymers which can be obtained from dispersions whose polymers contain P butadiene as monomer a and styrene as monomer b.
- Preferred monomers c of this embodiment are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide and / or N-methylolmethacrylamide.
- Polymer dispersions that contain butadiene and styrene in copolymerized form are preferably produced by radical emulsion polymerization and are important large-scale products. They are comparable in many respects to polymers based on styrene / butyl acrylate, the polymerized butadiene taking on the role of the "plasticizing" butyl acrylate.
- butadiene has a considerable cost advantage compared to butyl acrylate, since the former can be separated directly from the C 4 section of the steam cracker, whereas the latter has to be produced in at least two steps from steam cracker products, on the other hand, butadiene-containing polymers have the disadvantages listed above with regard to their Weather resistance, so that their application possibilities have been severely limited.
- the hydrogenation process according to the invention results in the polymers P, for example in the polymers of the embodiment AI, for. B. in those based on butadiene / styrene, to hydrogenated polymers P ', which are surprisingly at least comparable in terms of their mechanical properties to the non-hydrogenated polymers, if not superior, and have a significantly lower sensitivity to environmental conditions.
- This predestines the dispersions of the hydrogenated polymers P 'and especially of the embodiment AI for use as binders for sealing or coating compositions, e.g.
- aqueous coating agents such as emulsion paints, in plastic plasters, especially for outdoor applications, as equipment for textiles, leather and paper, as pressure sensitive adhesive, as a rubber-elastic component in molding compounds, and for modifying mineral building materials, for example modifying mortar, clays, cement or Concrete, e.g. B. liquid concrete.
- the hydrogenated dispersions of the polymers P are used in particular as binders in aqueous coating compositions such as emulsion paints.
- aqueous coating compositions such as emulsion paints.
- These generally contain a hydrogenated polymer obtainable by this process, in particular one of the embodiment AI, and preferably one based on styrene and butadiene in the form of its aqueous dispersion and at least one inorganic pigment and / or an organic or inorganic filler, and conventional ones Tools.
- Such Coating compositions usually contain 30 to 75% by weight and preferably 40 to 65% by weight of non-volatile constituents.
- the pigment volume concentration PVC of the coating compositions according to the invention is generally above 10%, e.g. B. 15 to 85%.
- the advantages of the hydrogenated polymers according to the invention are particularly evident in the case of PVC> 40, for example PVC in the range from 40 to 80.
- PVC is usually defined as the quotient multiplied by 100 from the total volume of the solid inorganic constituents (pigment + fillers) divided by the total volume of the solid inorganic constituents and the polymer particles of the aqueous binder polymer dispersion; see Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th edition, volume 15, p. 668.
- Typical pigments ii for the preparations according to the invention are, for example, titanium dioxide, preferably in the rutile form, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, basic lead carbonate, antimony trioxide, lithopone (zinc sulfide + barium sulfate).
- the preparations can also contain colored pigments, for example iron oxides, carbon black, graphite, luminescent pigments, zinc yellow, zinc green, ultramarine, manganese black, antimony black, manganese violet, Paris blue or Schweinfurt green.
- the preparations according to the invention can also contain organic color pigments, e.g. B.
- Suitable fillers iii basically include aluminosilicates, such as feldspar, silicates, such as kaolin, talc, mica, magnesite, alkaline earth carbonates, such as calcium carbonate, for example in the form of calcite or chalk, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, alkaline earth sulfates, such as calcium sulfate, silicon dioxide, etc.
- the fillers can be used as individual components. In practice, however, filler mixtures have proven particularly useful, e.g. B. calcium carbonate / kaolin, calcium carbonate / talc.
- auxiliaries iv include wetting or dispersing agents, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium polyphosphates, alkali metal and ammonium salts of polyacrylic acids and of polymaleic acid, polyphosphonates, such as 1-hydroxyethane-l, 1-diphosphonic acid sodium and naphthalenesulfonic acid salts, in particular their Na - trium salts.
- the dispersants are generally used in an amount of 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion paint.
- the auxiliaries iv optionally also comprise thickeners, for example cellulose derivatives, such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, furthermore casein, gum arabic, tragacanth, starch, sodium algina, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium polyacrylates, water-soluble copolymers based on acrylic and methacrylic acid.
- thickeners for example styrene-maleic anhydride polymers or hydrophobically modified polyether urethanes, as described, for example, by N. Chen et al. in J.
- inorganic thickeners e.g. B. bentonite or hectorite can be used.
- Thickeners are generally used in amounts of 0.1 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous preparation.
- the auxiliaries iv generally also include defoamers, preservatives or water repellents, biocides, fibers or other constituents.
- the coating compositions can also be used to adjust the film-forming properties of the binder polymers, so-called film-forming consolidants (plasticizers), eg. B. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol. kol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, alkyl ethers and ether esters of glycols and polyglycols, e.g. B.
- film-forming consolidants eg. B. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol. kol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, alkyl ethers and ether esters of glycols and polyglycols, e.g. B.
- Texanol ® from Eastman, or technical mixtures of dibutyl esters of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid.
- Film-forming aids are usually used in amounts of 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the copolymer P contained in the preparation, so that the preparation has a minimum film-forming temperature ⁇ 15 ° C. and preferably in the range from 0 to 10 ° C.
- Dispersion paints containing solvents usually contain less than 15% by weight of solvents and are preferably used for outdoor applications, whereas solvent-free paints are preferably used indoors.
- Typical solvent-based inks contain as film-forming aids in addition to the film-forming aids mentioned above, hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof, with or without aromatic constituents, e.g. B. white spirit of the boiling range 140 to 210 ° C.
- the preparations used according to the invention may also contain crosslinking additives.
- Such additives can be: aromatic ketones, e.g. B. alkylphenyl ketones, which optionally have one or more substituents on the phenyl ring, or benzophenone and substituted benzophenones as photoinitiators.
- Suitable photoinitiators for this purpose are e.g. B. from DE-A-38 27 975 and EP-A-417 568 known.
- Suitable crosslinking compounds are also water-soluble compounds having at least two amino groups, for example dihydrazides of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids according to DE-A-39 01 073, if the polymer P contains copolymerized monomers containing carbonyl groups.
- the coating compositions according to the invention are stable fluid systems which can be used for coating a large number of substrates.
- the present invention then also relates to a method for coating substrates.
- Suitable substrates are, for example, wood, concrete, metal, glass, ceramics, plastic, plaster, wallpaper, painted, primed or weathered substrates.
- the preparation is applied to the substrate to be coated in a manner dependent on the configuration of the preparation. Depending on the vis- The viscosity and pigment content of the preparation and the substrate are carried out using rollers, brushes, doctor blades or as a spray.
- the coatings produced using the coating compositions according to the invention are distinguished by a high weather stability compared to unhydrogenated dispersions of the polymers P, for example when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
- dispersion silicate paints and plasters contain potassium water glass as a further binder.
- the proportion of organic binder components in dispersion silicate paints can be up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the paint, and will preferably not exceed about 5% by weight in accordance with DIN 18363.
- the structure of a dispersion silicate paint is similar to that of a dispersion paint.
- dispersion silicate paints and plasters often contain additives that improve the compatibility of dispersion and water glass, as well as water repellents.
- the dispersion silicate paints according to the invention are, like conventional emulsion paints, stable fluid systems which are applied in the customary manner to the substrate to be coated, for example masonry, fiber cement slabs, concrete walls, precast concrete moldings such as precast concrete walls, and comparable substrates.
- the dispersion silicate paints applied in this way based on the hydrogenated polymers P ', dry to give exceptionally water-resistant coatings.
- silicate emulsion paints based on non-hydrogenated butadiene / styrene copolymers these have an increased resistance to liquid water, so that water repellents can be dispensed with.
- the high permeability to water vapor that is typical of silicate paints is not impaired.
- the increased wet abrasion resistance of the coatings which is probably due to improved adhesion and binding of the pigments and fillers.
- the glass transition temperature was determined by means of DSC (differential calorimetry), evaluated by the "mid-point method” according to ASTM D 3418-823).
- MFT minimum film-forming temperature
- the measuring device was a so-called film image bank (metal plate to which a temperature gradient is applied and to which temperature sensors are attached at various points for temperature calibration, the temperature gradient being selected such that one end of the film image bank is at a temperature above the expected MFT and the other end has a temperature below the expected MFT).
- the aqueous polymer dispersion is now applied to the film-forming bench.
- the temperature of which is above the MFT a clear film forms during drying, whereas cracks occur in the film in the cooler areas and a white powder forms at even lower temperatures.
- the MFT is determined visually based on the known temperature profile of the plate.
- the hydrogenation conversion was determined from the ratio I / I 0 of normalized intensities of IR bands of hydrogenated samples (I) and unhydrogenated samples (I 0 ).
- the IR band at 960 cm -1 results from the double bond of a 1,4-linked butadiene unit and the band at 910 cm -1 from the double bond of a 1,2-linked butadiene unit.
- the intensities were normalized by integrating the respective band and comparing the peak area thus determined against the peak area of the band at 699 cm -1 (styrene unit).
- the films for determining the water absorption were produced as follows: A weighed amount of the dispersions diluted to a solids content of 25% was poured into molds, so that 0.5 mm thick films remained after drying. Dispersions with an MFT below 10 ° C were at 23 ° C, 50% rel. Filmed moisture; at higher MFT, drying was first carried out at 50 ° C. for 2 d, then at 23 ° C. for 24 hours, 50% rel. Conditioned moisture. The films became Punched out 5 cm squares, placed in water for 24 hours and registered the weight gain.
- the monomer emulsion consisted of
- the preparation was carried out as described for DI, with the difference that the monomer emulsion additionally contained 60 g of tert-decodyl mercaptan.
- the preparation was carried out as described for DI with the difference that the monomer emulsion additionally contained 120 g of tert-dodecyl mercaptan.
- Dispersion D4 The preparation was carried out as described for DI, using a monomer mixture of butadiene and styrene in a weight ratio of 1: 1.3.
- the reaction was carried out as described for HDl, but the dispersion Dl was adjusted to a solids content of 40% with distilled water.
- the reaction was carried out as described for HD3, but the reaction time was 30 hours.
- Hydrogenated dispersion HD6 The reaction was carried out as described for HD5, but the reaction time was 30 hours.
- the reaction was carried out as described for HD7, but the reaction time was 30 hours.
- the recipe included the following components:
- the solids content of the paints was 59% by weight for the paints produced with 50% by weight dispersion and 44% by weight for the paints prepared with 25% by weight dispersion.
- the binder / pigment ratio is identical for all colors.
- the dispersions Dl, D3, Acronal 290 D as well as HDl and HD6 were further processed into dispersion silicate paints according to the following recipe (VS1, VS2, VS3 and S1, S2).
- the solids content of the paints was 53%.
- Rhodopol 50 MD from Rhone Poulenc Chemie GmbH, Frankfurt 13 > Lopon 826 from BK Ladenburg GmbH, Ladenburg
- two fiber cement boards (5 x 15 cm) were first primed with a mixture of the emulsion paints and water produced under purple in a weight ratio of 1: 1 and then painted again with the emulsion paints from III.
- the color application was 300 g / m 2 (dry application).
- One plate was then exposed to artificial weathering, the other plate was used as a reference. After 100 hours, the chalking was determined in accordance with DIN 53159.
- Abrasion resistance (wet abrasion resistance)
- the dispersion silicate paints were tested for their abrasion resistance based on DIN 53778 sheet 2: with the aid of a 60 mm wide doctor blade, a paint film was applied to a glass plate. The gap height was chosen so that a dry layer thickness of 100 ⁇ m resulted. The film was dried under standard climate conditions for 28 days. A scrubbing brush was then passed over the paint in a scrubber while continuously adding a 0.25% aqueous solution of n-dodecylbenzenesulfonate sodium salt. The number of double strokes up to to rub through the paint served as a measure of the abrasion resistance or wet abrasion resistance.
- the capillary water absorption of dispersion silicate paints was tested based on DIN 52617 on the increase in weight of coated lime sandstones stored in water.
- sand-lime bricks according to DIN 106, type: KS NF, bulk density: 2.0 kg / dm 3 , 240 mm x 115 mm x 71 mm
- a primer was first applied from the paint diluted 1: 1 with water.
- the paint was then applied twice undiluted, so that a total application amount of 300 g / m 2 resulted.
- the side surfaces of the stones were sealed with a two-component lacquer.
- the stones were then 28 d at 23 ° C, 50% rel. Moisture dried, then washed three times for 24 hours, dried for 24 hours at 50 ° C and finally 7 d at 23 ° C, 50% rel. Conditioned moisture.
- the stones were first weighed, then stored 1 cm deep in water with the coated side down. After 24 hours, the stones were removed and weighed again. The capillary water intake is calculated from the weight difference divided by the test area and the root from the time.
- Acronal 290 D from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen: aqueous copolymer dispersion based on styrene / butyl acrylate with an MFT of 20 ° C.
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Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924340 | 1999-05-27 | ||
| DE19924340A DE19924340A1 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Verfahren zur selektiven Hydrierung von ethylenisch ungesättigten Doppelbindungen in Polymeren |
| PCT/EP2000/004832 WO2000073357A1 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Verfahren zur selektiven hydrierung von ethylenisch ungesättigten doppelbindungen in polymeren |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1189948A1 true EP1189948A1 (de) | 2002-03-27 |
| EP1189948B1 EP1189948B1 (de) | 2003-02-26 |
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| EP00936816A Expired - Lifetime EP1189948B1 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Verfahren zur selektiven hydrierung von ethylenisch ungesättigten doppelbindungen in polymeren |
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| EP (1) | EP1189948B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2003501497A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1146589C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE233281T1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0010993A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19924340A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2193083T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000073357A1 (de) |
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| US2485287A (en) * | 1946-11-06 | 1949-10-18 | Goodrich Co B F | Method of associating plastic materials and compounding ingredients |
| US3700637A (en) * | 1970-05-08 | 1972-10-24 | Shell Oil Co | Diene-nitrile rubbers |
| US3898208A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1975-08-05 | Dow Chemical Co | Hydrogenation of oil-insoluble diene polymers |
| FR2372192A1 (fr) * | 1976-11-29 | 1978-06-23 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede d'obtention d'un melange maitre silice-latex par coprecipitation et produit obtenu |
| GB2070023B (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1984-10-24 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Hydrogenation process |
| EP0061337A1 (de) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-09-29 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Katalytisches Verfahren |
| DE3337294A1 (de) * | 1983-10-13 | 1985-04-25 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur selektiven hydrierung von c-c-doppelbindungen in gegenwart von reduzierbaren, stickstoffhaltigen gruppen und neue ruthenium-komplexverbindungen |
| JP2732273B2 (ja) * | 1988-12-29 | 1998-03-25 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | ニトリル基含有水素化重合体の製造方法 |
| RU2007430C1 (ru) * | 1991-08-05 | 1994-02-15 | Чебоксарское производственное объединение "Химпром" | Силикатная краска |
| US5208296A (en) | 1992-09-02 | 1993-05-04 | Polysar Rubber Corporation | Nitrile rubber hydrogenation |
| US5241013A (en) | 1992-09-02 | 1993-08-31 | Polysar Rubber Corporation | Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile rubber |
| RU2041900C1 (ru) * | 1993-05-24 | 1995-08-20 | Ивановская государственная химико-технологическая академия | Силикатная краска |
| US5651995A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1997-07-29 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Highly saturated nitrile rubber, process for producing same, vulcanizable rubber composition, aqueous emulsion and adhesive composition |
| JP4309475B2 (ja) | 1996-08-19 | 2009-08-05 | ニコメッド ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 新規のベンゾフラン―4―カルボキサミド |
| DE19753302A1 (de) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur selektiven Hydrierung von ethylenisch ungesättigten Doppelbindungen in Polymerisaten |
-
1999
- 1999-05-27 DE DE19924340A patent/DE19924340A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-05-26 US US09/926,625 patent/US6696518B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 DE DE50001336T patent/DE50001336D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 JP JP2001500681A patent/JP2003501497A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-26 WO PCT/EP2000/004832 patent/WO2000073357A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-05-26 ES ES00936816T patent/ES2193083T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-26 EP EP00936816A patent/EP1189948B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-26 AT AT00936816T patent/ATE233281T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-26 BR BR0010993-2A patent/BR0010993A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-05-26 CN CNB008095744A patent/CN1146589C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0073357A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0010993A (pt) | 2002-03-19 |
| DE19924340A1 (de) | 2000-11-30 |
| CN1146589C (zh) | 2004-04-21 |
| DE50001336D1 (de) | 2003-04-03 |
| EP1189948B1 (de) | 2003-02-26 |
| CN1358201A (zh) | 2002-07-10 |
| ATE233281T1 (de) | 2003-03-15 |
| ES2193083T3 (es) | 2003-11-01 |
| JP2003501497A (ja) | 2003-01-14 |
| US6696518B1 (en) | 2004-02-24 |
| WO2000073357A1 (de) | 2000-12-07 |
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