EP1185439A1 - Energy supply system for systems critical to safety in a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Energy supply system for systems critical to safety in a motor vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1185439A1 EP1185439A1 EP00947778A EP00947778A EP1185439A1 EP 1185439 A1 EP1185439 A1 EP 1185439A1 EP 00947778 A EP00947778 A EP 00947778A EP 00947778 A EP00947778 A EP 00947778A EP 1185439 A1 EP1185439 A1 EP 1185439A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- fuel cell
- safety
- energy
- supply system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
- B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
- B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
- B60T17/221—Procedure or apparatus for checking or keeping in a correct functioning condition of brake systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
Definitions
- the invention relates to the energy supply, in particular the electrical emergency supply, of a safety-relevant, electrically operated system, such as a braking or steering system, in a motor vehicle.
- a safety-relevant, electrically operated system such as a braking or steering system
- Braking and steering interventions increasingly systems that are fully electrically operated and electronically controlled.
- the entire energy for regulating and generating the actuating forces is electrical in nature.
- a direct intervention by the driver on the control devices is no longer possible. If these control devices perform safety-related tasks such as steering and braking, ensuring the electrical power supply for these systems is extremely important.
- Known electric braking systems have an electrically operated and electronically controlled actuator for generating the braking forces on each wheel brake, which is supplied with setpoints for the braking forces by a central control unit and then regulates these setpoints automatically.
- the driver's deceleration request is recorded by sensors on a pedal simulator.
- the driver himself no longer has the option of applying braking forces via his muscular strength (DE 196 15 186 Cl).
- electrical steering systems in which there are adjusting devices for the steering angle of the wheels on all wheels or at least on the front axle. Via sensors on the steering wheel the steering command coming from the driver is detected. In a control unit, setpoints for the actuating devices are determined, which they then set automatically.
- the driver no longer has the opportunity to act directly on the wheels or steering devices.
- the batteries discharge themselves after a certain time.
- the safety-relevant systems are not in operation when the vehicle is parked and therefore do not burden the additional storage, the amount of energy stored in the additional storage decreases continuously with increasing duration. If the vehicle is parked for a longer period of time so that the additional stores are largely unloaded, the additional stores must be adequately charged when the vehicle is subsequently started before the vehicle can leave the safe parking state and enter traffic.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of creating an electrical energy supply system for a safety-relevant, electrically operated system in a motor vehicle, which at all times guarantees a reliable electrical emergency supply of the safety-relevant system with little outlay in terms of control technology and an impairment of the function of the vehicle electrical system.
- Fuel cells have long been known in the art. Their principle is based on an electrochemical cell consisting of two porous electrodes and an ion-conductive electrolyte that electrically connects the two electrodes to the first electrode (anode) fuel in the form of hydrogen or hydrogen-containing carrier material - e.g. methane or methanol - and on to the second electrode (cathode) oxidizing agent in the form of oxygen - for some fuel cell types, atmospheric oxygen is sufficient - or oxygen-containing carrier material. Under the catalytic effect of the electrodes, a redox reaction takes place in the fuel cell, in which water is generated from hydrogen and oxygen.
- Fuel cells Due to the spatial separation of the reactants by means of the electrolyte, the usual detonating gas reaction does not take place and the energy released during the reaction is obtained as electrical energy and thermal energy. Fuel cells achieve very high efficiencies for converting chemical energy into electrical energy - the usual efficiencies are around 60%. A weight advantage is thus achieved through the use of the fuel cell, since the usable energy densities in fuel cells are about ten times higher than with lead-acid or lead-gel systems.
- Fuel and oxidizing agent are provided in separate storage containers - hereinafter also referred to as fuel containers and oxidizing agent containers.
- the energy content of the fuel cell system depends directly on the available fuel and oxidizing agent quantities.
- the storage content of the storage containers is thus a direct measure of the removable electrical energy content of the system.
- the determination of the "state of charge" is thus reduced to the determination of the storage contents of the storage containers.
- a simple determination of the full level is sufficient; in the case of gaseous fuels, the pressure and temperature of the storage tank can be used to draw reliable conclusions about the storage content.
- the fuel cell since the fuel cell only converts chemical energy into electrical energy when its fuel and oxidizing agent are supplied, self-discharge can be completely prevented in a simple manner by supplying the fuel and oxidizing agent to the electrodes via suitable valves when the cell is not in use is interrupted. This means that the usable energy content remains unchanged even after very long downtimes. If atmospheric oxygen is used as an oxidizing agent, an interruption in the fuel supply is sufficient.
- the fuel cell is not recharged. If it is discharged after being used, the storage tanks are simply replaced with new ones or refilled. This eliminates the need for an expensive charging device.
- a monitoring device which, in addition to the fill level of the storage container, ter also checks the functionality of the fuel cell itself, and without consuming fuel.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electrically operated brake system
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an electrically operated steering system
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a piezoelectrically operated valve unit.
- An electric brake system 1 has four wheel brake devices 2 attached to the wheels of the vehicle.
- Each wheel brake device 2 consists of a wheel brake actuator 3 and an associated electronic control device 4.
- the actuators 3 are operated electrically and controlled via the electronic control devices 4.
- a pedal simulator 5 converts movements of a brake pedal 6, ie the force exerted by the driver and / or the pedal travel, into electrical signals which are fed to a control unit 7.
- target values for the brakes, in particular for the vehicle deceleration and the braking torques to be applied are calculated on the basis of these signals.
- the setpoints calculated by the control unit 7 are transmitted to the control devices 4 of the wheel brake devices 2 via a communication system 8, for example via bidirectional data lines or a bus system.
- control devices 4 send feedback data, such as the actual values of the braking torques, to the control unit 7 via this communication system 8.
- the operating energy for the electrical energy consumers in the system is taken from an on-board electrical system 9 of the vehicle when the brake system 1 is operating properly.
- a distribution and safety circuit (VSS) 10 takes over the allocation of the energy flows to the individual wheel brake directions 2 as well as a short-circuit protection and one Separation of the brake system 1 into two brake circuits.
- the distribution and safety circuit (VSS) 10 is controlled by the control unit 7.
- a fuel cell system 11 is provided as emergency energy supply. It consists of the actual fuel cell 12, containers 13 and 14 for fuel or oxidizing agent and a valve unit 15 which is connected into the connecting lines between the containers 13 and 14 and the electrodes 16, 17 of the fuel cell 12 and has valves 18, 19, through which the fuel or oxidant supply to the fuel cell 12 is controlled.
- the fuel cell 12 consists of two porous electrodes - cathode 16 and anode 17 - and an ion-conductive electrolyte 20, which connects the two electrodes 16, 17 in an electrically conductive manner.
- the valve unit 15 is controlled electrically and is designed such that the valves 18, 19 are open when an electrical voltage is applied which is below a predetermined minimum permissible operating voltage of the safety-relevant system.
- valves 18, 19 are closed.
- the valve unit 15 is fed directly from the vehicle electrical system 9 of the brake system 1. The valve unit 15 will be described later in detail with the aid of FIG. 3.
- the cathode 16 of the fuel cell is connected to the ground line of the brake system 1, the anode 17 is connected to the vehicle electrical system 9 via an electrical system connection 21.
- a regenerative protection 22 - in the simplest case a diode - is provided between the electrical system 9 and the electrical system connection 21, which prevents energy from being fed back into the defective electrical system 9 from the fuel cell system 11.
- the fuel cell 12 itself is monitored by a conductivity measurement of the electrolyte 20. With intact supply lines, proper electrodes 16, 17 and functional electrolyte 20, the overall conductance must lie in a predetermined range of values. If this area is left, an error n in the fuel cell 12 or in the feed lines can be concluded, an error message is triggered and the control unit 7 brings the error to the driver, eg. B. by activating a warning lamp, for display.
- the content of the fuel and oxidizing agent containers 13 and 14 is monitored directly by means of a full level measurement, and in the case of gaseous substances indirectly by means of a pressure and temperature measurement. If a certain memory content is undershot, a warning message is triggered which is displayed to the driver by the control unit 7. In the case of an intact vehicle electrical system 9, the fuel cell 12 will be completely without consumption
- valve unit 15 then only has the fuel valve 18 and the amount of energy available is directly dependent on the fill level of the fuel tank 13.
- FIG. 2 shows an electric steering system 1 'as a further example of a safety-relevant system in a motor vehicle. Individual components, insofar as they functionally correspond to the parts in FIG. 1, are identified by the same reference numerals.
- a steering system with steered front wheels is shown.
- Each steering device 24 consists of a steering actuator 25, by means of which the steering forces are generated, and an electronic control device 26.
- sensors for example for steering angle and steering torque
- the driver's request is recorded on the steering wheel 27 of the vehicle.
- a control unit 28 Based on the sensor signals, a control unit 28 then generates setpoints for the steering forces.
- the rest of the system, in particular the fuel cell system 11, corresponds to the system according to FIG. 1.
- Supply lines are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 thick, signal lines thin and communication channels as thin double lines.
- valve unit 15 To control the fuel and oxidant supply, the valve unit 15 is used with valves 18 and 19, which are open when a voltage is applied that is below the permissible minimum operating voltage of the safety-relevant system, i.e. in particular in the de-energized state, and when excited with a higher electrical voltage conclude.
- Piezoelectrically operated valves based on the principle shown in FIG. 3, which shows a valve unit 15 in the de-energized state, are advantageous.
- a valve block 30 receives valve pins 31 and a piezo element 32.
- the piezo element 32 is preferably constructed in a stacked construction, so that it can be operated with the low voltages customary in the vehicle. It consists of several geometrically arranged, but electrically parallel piezoelectric elements.
- valve seat elements 33 are also introduced, which contain the valve opening and the sealing surfaces for the valve pins 31.
- the valve pins 31 are lifted from the seats by springs 34, as a result of which the inlet and outlet channels for the fuel and the oxidizing agent are open in the de-energized state.
- the piezo element 32 and the springs 34 are preferably designed such that the inlet and outlet channels for the fuel and the oxidizing onsstoff are only completely closed when a voltage is present at the piezo element that is greater than or equal to the permissible minimum operating voltage of the safety-relevant system.
- valve unit 15 it is also possible to control each of the valves 18 and 19 for the fuel or oxidant supply via a separate piezo element 32. If atmospheric oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent, the valve unit 15 only has the fuel valve 18. The mode of operation remains basically unchanged.
- Valves of this type offer considerable advantages for use in emergency supply for safety-related systems with fuel cells. Since the piezo elements of the valves are connected directly to the electrical system supply of the safety-relevant system, the valves are in normal operation, that is to say when the electrical system is functioning, they are always in the closed state, ie. H. No fuel - and possibly oxidizing agent - is supplied to the fuel cell. The fuel cell is therefore not in operation and no stored energy is drawn. If the on-board electrical system supply is impaired so that the on-board electrical system voltage falls below the permissible minimum operating voltage of the safety-relevant system, the valves open automatically, the fuel cell goes into operation and releases electrical energy for the safety-relevant system. In this way, the electrical energy consumers in the system are at least partially supplied from the fuel cell system.
- the electrical system is deliberately taken out of operation, e.g. B. by disconnecting the vehicle battery for maintenance purposes, commissioning of the fuel cell system and thus a consumption of fuel and possibly oxidizing agent can be prevented by the fact that the storage container, advantageously via connection valves already present on such Containers. For this purpose, it is not necessary to separate the containers from the feed lines to the fuel cell.
- Piezo elements consume almost no electrical energy when stationary - they correspond to a charged capacitor. At most there are dielectric losses and leakage losses due to the low conductivity of the piezo material. However, they are many orders of magnitude below the self-discharge of a vehicle battery, so they do not actually affect the discharge of the vehicle battery.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19926495A DE19926495C2 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 1999-06-10 | Energy supply system for safety-related systems in a motor vehicle |
DE19926495 | 1999-06-10 | ||
PCT/DE2000/001820 WO2000076810A1 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 2000-06-05 | Energy supply system for systems critical to safety in a motor vehicle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1185439A1 true EP1185439A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
EP1185439B1 EP1185439B1 (en) | 2004-02-11 |
Family
ID=7910807
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00947778A Expired - Lifetime EP1185439B1 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 2000-06-05 | Energy supply system for a safety critical brake- or steering-system in a motor vehicle |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1185439B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19926495C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000076810A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110194134A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-03 | 西安翔迅科技有限责任公司 | More compartments even hang trolleybus braking system |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10111234A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-26 | Still Gmbh | Device and method for ensuring the steerability of an industrial truck |
DE10133580A1 (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-30 | P21 Gmbh | Onboard electrical system for road vehicle has auxiliary energy supply unit with fuel cell used for compensating energy loss of at least one electrical load |
JP4154883B2 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2008-09-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Brake device |
DE10350550A1 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vehicle with an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell system |
EP1817217A1 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2007-08-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electromechanical braking system |
DE102005004426A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | P21 - Power For The 21St Century Gmbh | Fuel cell system with compressed air operation |
DE102009047072A1 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-06-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric braking system, in particular electromechanical brake system |
EP2645348B1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-05-27 | VARTA Microbattery GmbH | Emergency system for motor vehicles |
DE102018210538A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hydraulic braking system for a vehicle with at least two axles |
CN117734612A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-03-22 | 浙江万安科技股份有限公司 | Vehicle power supply system and control method thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3022802C2 (en) * | 1980-06-19 | 1982-11-11 | Deutsche Forschungs- Und Versuchsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V., 5300 Bonn | Device for storing liquid hydrogen |
DE3502100C2 (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1996-04-11 | Wabco Gmbh | Pressure brake system for motor vehicles |
US5047298A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1991-09-10 | Perry Oceanographics, Inc. | Closed loop reactant/product management system for electrochemical galvanic energy devices |
DE4322765C1 (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1994-06-16 | Daimler Benz Ag | Dynamic power regulation system for vehicle electric drive unit - regulates power output delivered by fuel cell using correction of oxidant mass flow rate |
US5488283A (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 1996-01-30 | Globe-Union, Inc. | Vehicle battery system providing battery back-up and opportunity charging |
DE19523109C2 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 2001-10-11 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and a power generation system |
DE19615186C1 (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1997-08-21 | Siemens Ag | Wheel-selective braking system for motor vehicle |
DE19732229A1 (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-03-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device and method for controlling the drive train of a motor vehicle |
DE19703171A1 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-08-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Vehicle with IC engine |
-
1999
- 1999-06-10 DE DE19926495A patent/DE19926495C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-06-05 EP EP00947778A patent/EP1185439B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-05 DE DE50005264T patent/DE50005264D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-05 WO PCT/DE2000/001820 patent/WO2000076810A1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0076810A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110194134A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-03 | 西安翔迅科技有限责任公司 | More compartments even hang trolleybus braking system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19926495C2 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
WO2000076810A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
DE50005264D1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
DE19926495A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
EP1185439B1 (en) | 2004-02-11 |
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