EP1183547A1 - Computer for analyzing data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph provided with said computer, and method for analyzing data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance - Google Patents
Computer for analyzing data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph provided with said computer, and method for analyzing data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonanceInfo
- Publication number
- EP1183547A1 EP1183547A1 EP00936673A EP00936673A EP1183547A1 EP 1183547 A1 EP1183547 A1 EP 1183547A1 EP 00936673 A EP00936673 A EP 00936673A EP 00936673 A EP00936673 A EP 00936673A EP 1183547 A1 EP1183547 A1 EP 1183547A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- determined
- data
- magnetic resonance
- computer
- nuclear magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title description 28
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 19
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/46—NMR spectroscopy
- G01R33/4625—Processing of acquired signals, e.g. elimination of phase errors, baseline fitting, chemometric analysis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a computer for evaluating data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance, the data containing at least one relaxation signal of a sample.
- the invention further relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance scanner and a method for evaluating data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance, at least one relaxation signal of a sample being determined.
- Nuclear magnetic resonance is used to obtain a contrast image of an object or spectroscopic information about a substance.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) make it possible to investigate regional hemodynamics with changes in blood volumes and blood conditions as well as changes in metabolism in vivo depending on brain activity, see: S. Posse et. al .: Functional Magnetic Resonance Studies of Brain Activation; Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Vol. 1, No 1, 1996; p. 76-88.
- DOH Deoxyhemoglobin
- Brain activity is made possible by using an investigation using functional NMR methods that measure the NMR signal with a time delay (echo time). This is also known as susceptibility-sensitive measurement.
- the biological mechanism of action is known in the literature under the name BOLD effect (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependence - Effect) and leads to susceptibility-sensitive magnetic resonance measurements with a field strength of a static magnetic field of, for example, 1.5 Tesla up to approximately 10% fluctuations in the Image brightness in activated brain regions.
- DOH contrast agent
- other contrast agents can also occur which cause a change in the susceptibility.
- NMR imaging methods are used to select layers or volumes which, under the appropriate irradiation of high-frequency pulses and the application of magnetic gradient fields, provide a measurement signal which is digitized and stored in a two- or three-dimensional field in the measuring computer.
- a pixel is a two-dimensional picture element, for example a square.
- the image is composed of the pixels.
- a voxel is a three-dimensional volume element, for example a cuboid, which - due to measurement technology - has no sharp boundaries.
- the dimensions of a pixel are on the order of 1mm 2 , those of a voxel of 1mm 3 .
- the geometries and dimensions can be variable.
- a stimulus-specific neuronal activation can be detected and spatially localized.
- a stimulus can be, for example, a sensory, acoustic, visual or olfactory stimulus, as well as a mental or motor task.
- the model function, or the model time series describes the expected signal change in the magnetic resonance signal as a result of neuronal activation. For example, these can be derived from a paradigm of the respective experiment using empirical rules. It is essential to delay the time
- the known methods evaluate a similarity between the signal of the paradigm and the measurement data.
- the invention has for its object to carry out a generic method so that the highest possible contrast-to-noise ratio is achieved.
- this object is achieved in that a generic computer is designed so that the
- Computer works with at least one evaluation means, the evaluation means separating the data into at least two parts that differ from one echo time T E Depend way.
- the invention provides to create a computer with which a fast spectroscopic imaging method can be implemented which changes the NMR
- the spectroscopic imaging method is preferably an echo planar imaging method, in particular a repeated two-dimensional echo imaging method, which consists of a repeated application of a two-dimensional echo planar image coding.
- Spatial coding takes place in the shortest possible time, which is repeated several times during a signal drop and is preferably 20 to 100 ms. The repetition of the echo planar coding several times during a signal drop shows a course of the signal drop in the sequence of reconstructed individual images.
- EPI Echo Planar Imaging
- PEPSI Proton-Echo-Planar-Spectroscopic-Imaging
- the number of images that are encoded during the signal drop depends on the relaxation time and the
- the computer is preferably used to evaluate data from nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, wherein the data contain at least one relaxation signal of a sample and the data are separated into components which depend on an echo time T E and at least one other component which does not depend on the echo time T E and that the signals are based on the echo time T E depend, are detected as activation signals.
- a noise signal can be determined by the computer working with at least one evaluation means which separates the data into at least a portion which depends on an echo time T E and at least one other component which does not depend on the echo time T E and wherein the evaluation means detects the signals which depend on the echo time T E as activation signals.
- a separation of different components of a function to be examined can be determined by ascertaining signals which have a different dependence on the echo time T E. It is possible, for example, to have an amplitude S 0 of one
- the invention also relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph which contains at least one computer according to the invention.
- the invention further provides for a method for evaluating data from nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, wherein at least one relaxation signal of a sample is determined, to be carried out in such a way that the data are separated into at least two parts with a different dependence on an echo time T E.
- the method is preferably carried out in such a way that intensity values of the measured data for the same echo times are recorded in at least two different recordings of the relaxation signal and that a dependence of the intensity values on the echo time T E is subsequently recorded and that the relaxation signal is separated into portions which differ from one another Have dependencies on the echo time T E.
- the relaxation signal is divided into a component that depends on an echo time T E and at least a component that does not depend on the echo time T E and that component that depends on the echo time T E depends on how an activation signal is detected.
- At least one signal is determined which is proportional to T E exp (-T E / T 2 * ), the value of T 2 * being determined in particular by a preferably separate fit procedure on the same data.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ T 2 * ) is calculated. It is also advantageous that a quotient ⁇ ( ⁇ T 2 * ) / T 2 * is formed and recorded as a measure of an activity.
- the method is preferably carried out in such a way that the recorded data are recorded in an at least two-dimensional field, one field axis (DTE) recording echo times T E and another field axis (DTR) repeating excitations at a time interval of T R reproduces.
- DTE field axis
- DTR field axis
- ⁇ ( ⁇ T 2 and ⁇ (g) are determined by the following steps:
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a
- the table shows a summary of experimental sample data.
- 1 shows a multi-echo sequence with a plurality of measurement sequences, each of which follows a spin excitation (*) and with detection of several echo times T E.
- the measurement sequences of the multi-echo sequence were determined using the turbo? ⁇ ? SI method.
- Each of the measurement sequences contains twelve echo signals with echo times that are between 12 and 213 ms.
- the echo times were each recorded as an 18.3 ms time interval ⁇ T E.
- the specified values for the echo times and the time intervals are each adapted to the speed of the data processing.
- the number of echo signals can be increased and the time intervals ⁇ T E can be shortened.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram which shows how a signal is acquired from different measuring sequences at a first echo time or at a second or subsequent echo time.
- a measurement signal ⁇ (S) is recorded as a function of the echo time.
- the measurement signal ⁇ (S) is composed of a component that depends on an amplitude S 0 , a component that depends on a relaxation time T 2 * and a constant noise signal g.
- the invention provides for a distinction to be drawn between activation signals and noise by analyzing a time profile of the measurement data and / or its statistical distribution.
- the evaluation method according to the invention is experimentally checked, for example, using magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the brains of test subjects.
- a light source in particular a matrix of luminescent diodes (Light Emitting Diode LED), was positioned in the immediate vicinity of the test person's face and stimulated to produce signal flashes.
- the excitation frequency is 8 Hz.
- the signal flashes act on a time interval of several seconds, for example 5 seconds, which is synchronized with a carrier signal of a scanner, which is followed by an approximately equally long rest interval.
- the scanner is a Vision 1.5 Tesla full body scanner from Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany Magnetic field gradients of 25 mT / m. Such a scanner is able to switch gradient fields within approximately 600 ⁇ s.
- TURBO-PEPSI Proton-Echo-Planar-Spetroscopic-Imaging was used as the spectroscopic imaging method.
- the detection of physiological noise requires a stationary frequency spectrum, sufficient temporal resolution and prior knowledge of the spatial and temporal
- Noise characteristics According to the invention a new method for the differentiation between BOLD-related variations and other fluctuations of the MR signal (such as caused by thermal noise), it is proposed that does not need any prior knowledge of a stimulation paradigm '.
- the method is based on a single-shot ⁇ ltiecho sequence, such as that described in the article by Posse, S. et al. PROC. ISMRM 1998, p. 299 Turbo PEPSI technology shown. Full reference is made to this publication.
- S 0 and T 2 * are constant in DTE, but vary in DTR: S 0 due to hardware instabilities or blood flow effects and T R due to subject stimulation, variations in T 2 * show changes in local blood flow, for relatively small changes ⁇ S 0 and ⁇ T 2 * the signal changes can be formulated as follows:
- EPI images (matrix size: 64 x 32 pixels, pixel size: 3 x 6 mm2) of a single FID, 90 ° flip angle acquired at echo times from 12 to 228 ms.
- a conventional correlation analysis using the software package Stimulate was carried out using a box car
- ROI 4 shows ⁇ S from various voxels averaged over a few ROIs as a function of T E for 2 representative persons. The variability of all values across ROIs was small (10-20%).
- the ROIs were in the visual cortex (vc), in the motor cortex (mc), in the white matter (w) and outside the brain, bypassing areas outside the brain known as ghosting (out).
- the ROIs were in the visual cortex (vc), in the motor cortex (mc), in the white matter (w) and outside the brain, bypassing areas outside the brain known as ghosting (out).
- ⁇ ( ⁇ T 2 * ) / T 2 * can be used as an indicator of regional brain activity as well as the correlation coefficients of a conventional correlation analysis.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ T 2 * ) / T 2 * indicates brain activity for any stimulation course, so that knowledge of a paradigm is not necessary.
- the small variability of this value over the ROIs suggests that the results for individual voxels are similar to those presented here.
- This allows the creation of ⁇ ( ⁇ T 2 * ) / T 2 * maps.
- the level of the T E -independent white noise is very low, which suggests that it stems from the hardware. The So noise is so small that a closer examination of the So noise is difficult due to the presence of white noise.
- the invention provides a method for distinguishing between activation, in particular brain activation, and noise, with no correlation analysis being required.
- the invention can also be used in combination with a correlation analysis, such as for example a calculation of correlation coefficients, Z-scores, or an application of the t-test, in order to check the results found in this way.
- a correlation analysis with two different measurements, one with stimulation and the other without stimulation is not necessary.
- the inclusion of a correlation analysis, in which correlation coefficients are determined between the time course of the stimulation (“reference vector”) and signal changes in pixels of the image can, however, be used for comparison purposes.
- High values of the correlation coefficient found in this way can be viewed as an activity indicator and, for example, can be reproduced as additional information in a graphical representation of the measurement data in slice images or volume images.
- the invention is particularly suitable for use in areas in which complicated activations take place. Therefore, the method and the computer according to the invention are particularly suitable for analyzing higher cognitive brain functions such as emotions, memory and imagination.
- the invention has a number of advantages. This includes optimizing the measurement sensitivity for a quantitative measurement of the relaxation time and the qualitative change in relaxation time. This makes it possible to use imaging with the highest possible bandwidth (shortest coding time) for the least possible spatial distortion and to achieve maximum measurement sensitivity by measuring an optimal number of codings after signal excitation.
- the evaluation method can be used in real-time measurements in order to analyze the relaxation changes immediately.
- the evaluation methods according to the invention are also particularly versatile. It has proven to be expedient to use a summation or, what is even more advantageous, a .weighted summation, which can be done at a higher speed and without loss of sensitivity compared to curve fitting.
- a summation, or a weighted summation has the advantage that it represents a particularly robust evaluation method.
- TE 72.5 ms revealed very similar activation images.
- the gain in sensitivity is particularly advantageous for real-time measurements, because even with a few
- the invention can be used both in echo planar imaging (echo planar imaging EPI), in phase-coded imaging methods and in spectroscopic imaging methods.
- Evaluation methods can also be used to examine other samples of living or non-living material.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19923587 | 1999-05-22 | ||
DE1999123587 DE19923587B4 (en) | 1999-05-22 | 1999-05-22 | Process for evaluating data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance |
PCT/DE2000/001485 WO2000072035A1 (en) | 1999-05-22 | 2000-05-11 | Computer for analyzing data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph provided with said computer, and method for analyzing data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1183547A1 true EP1183547A1 (en) | 2002-03-06 |
Family
ID=7908903
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00936673A Withdrawn EP1183547A1 (en) | 1999-05-22 | 2000-05-11 | Computer for analyzing data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph provided with said computer, and method for analyzing data from measurements of nuclear magnetic resonance |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1183547A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19923587B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000072035A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10250379B4 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2007-02-01 | Siemens Ag | Method and magnetic resonance imaging device for the spatially resolved representation of a change in the functional activities of a brain |
EP1877818B1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2012-06-13 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards GmbH | Determination of relaxation rate changes for mr molecular imaging |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4579121A (en) * | 1983-02-18 | 1986-04-01 | Albert Macovski | High speed NMR imaging system |
US4549139A (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1985-10-22 | General Electric Company | Method of accurate and rapid NMR imaging of computed T1 and spin density |
US4694250A (en) * | 1985-02-27 | 1987-09-15 | Yokogawa Electric Corporation | Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging device |
US5300886A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1994-04-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health & Human Services | Method to enhance the sensitivity of MRI for magnetic susceptibility effects |
JP3512482B2 (en) * | 1994-09-06 | 2004-03-29 | 株式会社東芝 | Magnetic resonance imaging |
US5860921A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1999-01-19 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennyslvania | Method for measuring the reversible contribution to the transverse relaxation rate in magnetic resonance imaging |
EP1004034A1 (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 2000-05-31 | Btg International Limited | Apparatus for and method of determining values of relaxation parameters |
-
1999
- 1999-05-22 DE DE1999123587 patent/DE19923587B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-11 WO PCT/DE2000/001485 patent/WO2000072035A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-05-11 EP EP00936673A patent/EP1183547A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0072035A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19923587B4 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
DE19923587A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
WO2000072035A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
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