EP1181437A1 - Component and method for producing a protective coating on a component - Google Patents

Component and method for producing a protective coating on a component

Info

Publication number
EP1181437A1
EP1181437A1 EP00931207A EP00931207A EP1181437A1 EP 1181437 A1 EP1181437 A1 EP 1181437A1 EP 00931207 A EP00931207 A EP 00931207A EP 00931207 A EP00931207 A EP 00931207A EP 1181437 A1 EP1181437 A1 EP 1181437A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
steam
protective layer
aluminum
base material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00931207A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1181437B1 (en
Inventor
Friedhelm Schmitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP00931207A priority Critical patent/EP1181437B1/en
Publication of EP1181437A1 publication Critical patent/EP1181437A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1181437B1 publication Critical patent/EP1181437B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/04—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler and characterised by material, e.g. use of special steel alloy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component, in particular a component that can be exposed to hot steam, with a metallic base body that has a protective coating to increase the resistance to oxidation of the base material.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a protective coating for increasing the oxidation resistance on a component which can be exposed to hot steam, with a metallic base body which has a base material.
  • components are exposed to hot steam, especially water vapor. This applies, for example, to components in steam plants, especially in steam power plants.
  • an increase in efficiency is achieved, among other things, by increasing the steam parameters (pressure and temperature). Future developments will have pressures up to 300 bar and temperatures up to over 650 ° C. To realize such increased steam parameters, suitable materials with high strength in the creep range at elevated temperatures are required.
  • austenitic steels will reach their limits due to unfavorable physical properties, such as high thermal expansion coefficient and low thermal conductivity, various variants of durable, ferrous-martensitic steels with chromium contents of 9% to 12% by weight are currently being developed.
  • EP 0 379 699 A1 discloses a method for increasing the corrosion and oxidation resistance of a blade of a thermal machine, in particular a compressor blade an axial compressor.
  • the basic material of the compressor blade consists of a ferritic-martensitic material.
  • a solid, adherent surface protection layer consisting of 6 to 15% by weight of silicon and the remainder of aluminum are sprayed onto the surface of the base material using the high-speed method with a particle speed of at least 300 mls.
  • a plastic for example polytetrafluoroethylene, is applied to this metal protective layer by a conventional paint spraying process, which plastic forms the outer layer of the blade.
  • the method provides a protective layer on a blade, which has an increased resistance to corrosion and erosion in the presence of water vapor and comparatively moderate temperatures (450 ° C.), as are relevant for compressor blades.
  • Castings made from chromium steel are used in valves of a steam turbine, outer and inner housings of high pressure, medium pressure, low pressure and saturated steam turbines, and 10 to 12% by weight chromium are used for valves and housings at temperatures from 550 to 600 ° C St Application, which also 0.12 to 0.22% by weight carbon, 0.65 to 1% by weight manganese, 1 to 1.1% by weight molybdenum, 0.7 to 0.35% by weight nickel, 0 , 2 to 0.3 % By weight of vanadium or 0.5 to 1% by weight of tungsten.
  • chromium steels with 9% by weight to 13% by weight chromium are given, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,767,390.
  • the martensitic steel used herein is used in steam turbine showers and the bolts that hold the casing halves of a steam turbine together.
  • EP 0 639 691 A1 specifies a turbine shaft for a steam turbine which contains 8 to 13% by weight of chromium, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of carbon, less than 1% silicon, less than 1% manganese, less than 2% nickel , 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of vanadium, 0.5 to 5% by weight of tungsten, 0.025 to 0.1% by weight of nitrogen to 1.5% by weight of molybdenum, and also between 0.03 to 0.25 % By weight of niobium or 0.03 to 0.5% by weight of tantalum or less than 3% by weight of rhenium, less than 5% by weight of cobalt, less than 0.05% by weight of boron with a martensitic structure.
  • the object of the invention is to attach a component which can be exposed to hot steam to a metallic base body. admit, which has an increased oxidation resistance compared to the metallic basic body.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a protective coating to increase the oxidation resistance of the base material on a component.
  • the object directed to a building material is achieved in that the component has a protective layer on the base material, which has a thickness of less than 50 ⁇ m and has aluminum.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that at high operating temperatures of a base material, for example in steam power plants, in addition to increased creep resistance, an increased requirement for resistance to oxidation in steam is required.
  • the oxidation of the base materials increases significantly with increasing temperature. This problem of oxidation is exacerbated by the reduction in the chromium content in the steels used, since chromium as an alloying element has a positive influence on the scale resistance. With a lower chromium content, the scaling speed can increase.
  • thick oxidation layers on the steam side can lead to a deterioration in the heat transfer from the metallic base material to the steam and thus to an increase in the temperature of the tube wall and to a reduction in the service life of the steam generator tubes.
  • scaling of screw connections and valves as well as additional stress due to scaling growth in blade grooves or bursting of scale at blade trailing edges could lead to an increase in notch stress.
  • the invention Due to a negative influence on the mechanical properties of the base material, there is no possibility of reducing the scale resistance by changing the alloy composition of the base material by reducing the scale. elements such as chrome, aluminum and / or silicon in an increased concentration.
  • the invention which has a thin zone of the base material enriched with aluminum, the oxidation resistance of the base material is increased by up to a large order. Finished machined components can also be protected in this way without problems by having such an oxidation coating.
  • Due to the small thickness of the protective layer there is also no negative influence on the mechanical properties of the base material.
  • the protective layer is largely, possibly completely, created by the diffusion of aluminum into the base material or vice versa.
  • a corresponding diffusion of the aluminum into the base material and of elements of the base material into an aluminum layer can take place as part of a heat treatment below the tempering temperature of the base material, so that no new heat treatment of the component is required. If necessary, such a diffusion can also take place when the component is used at the temperatures prevailing there.
  • the protective layer has a high hardness, so that there is also a high abrasion resistance.
  • a particularly uniform formation of the layer thickness of the protective layer can also be achieved in places that are difficult to access by simple application methods.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is preferably less than 20 ⁇ m, in particular less than 10 ⁇ m. It can preferably be between 5 and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the proportion of aluminum in the protective layer is preferably more than 50% by weight.
  • the protective layer preferably also has iron and chromium, for example these can be diffused into the protective layer from a base material or applied to the base material with an aluminum-containing layer.
  • the protective layer can also have silicon, in particular up to 20% by weight. The hardness of the protective layer and other mechanical properties can be specifically adjusted by appropriately adding silicon.
  • the base material of the component is preferably a chrome steel. This can have between 0.5% by weight and 2.5% by weight of chromium, and also between 8% by weight and 12% by weight of chromium, in particular between 9% by weight and about 10% by weight of chromium.
  • chromium such as a chromium steel, manganese between 0.1 to 1.0, preferably 0.45% by weight, can have.
  • the base material is preferably martensitic, or ferritic-martensitic or ferritic.
  • the component having the thin protective layer is preferably a component of a steam turbine or a component of a steam generator, in particular a steam generator tube.
  • the component can be a forged part or a cast part.
  • a component of a steam turbine can here be a turbine blade, a valve, a turbine shaft, a wheel disk of a turbine shaft, a connecting element, ie a screw, a bolt. zen, a nut etc., a housing component (inner housing, guide vane support, outer housing), a pipeline or the like.
  • the object directed to a method for producing a protective coating to increase the oxidation resistance on a component which can be exposed to hot steam is achieved in that a layer less than 50 ⁇ m thick containing aluminum pigment is applied to a metallic base body which has a base material , and the component is at a temperature which is below the tempering temperature of the base material, so that a reaction of the aluminum with the base material takes place to form an aluminum-containing protective layer.
  • the aluminum-containing layer is preferably kept at a temperature in the region of the melting temperature of aluminum, in particular between 650 ° C. and 720 ° C., in order to carry out the diffusion.
  • the temperature can also be lower. If necessary, the diffusion can also take place during the use of the component in a steam system at the operating temperature then prevailing there.
  • the component is exposed to the appropriate temperature for carrying out the reaction for at least 5 mm, preferably over 15 mm, optionally also for a few hours.
  • the layer containing the aluminum is preferably applied with a thickness, in particular an average thickness, of between 5 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m, in particular between 10 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thin layer containing aluminum pigment is applied, for example, by an inorganic high-temperature paint.
  • the layer can be applied by spraying, as a result of which an appropriate protective coating of the component can be achieved even in inaccessible places.
  • the component can be heat-treated to carry out the reaction between the base material and the coating, for example in the furnace or by other suitable heat sources.
  • an essentially closed, approximately 5 to 10 ⁇ m thick Fe-Al-Cr-containing protective layer can result, that is to say in the form of an intermetallic connection between aluminum and the base material.
  • a significant improvement in the scaling behavior of the base material is achieved. Due to a high aluminum content, in particular of more than 50% by weight, in the protective layer created by the reaction of the aluminum pigments with the base material, in particular a diffusion layer, the oxidation resistance of the component is significantly increased.
  • the resulting protective layer has a high hardness (Vickers hardness HV) of, for example, approximately 1200.
  • Such a thin aluminum-containing layer can alternatively also be applied by an adapted immersion aluminizing process.
  • the change in the dip aluminizing process is carried out in such a way that, contrary to the usual aluminum-containing layer thicknesses of between 20 and 400 ⁇ m, a corresponding reduction in the layer thickness is achieved.
  • Aluminum hot-dip layers produced by the hot-dip process form several phases with iron (eta-phase / Fe 2 Al 5 ; zeta-phase / FeAl 2 , teta-phase / FeAl 3 ).
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a steam power plant
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic section through a steam turbine arrangement
  • FIG. 3 shows a micrograph through an aluminum-containing protective layer.
  • the steam turbine system 1b comprises a steam turbine 20 with a coupled generator 22 and, in a water-steam circuit 24 assigned to the steam turbine 20, a condenser 26 connected downstream of the steam turbine 20 and a steam generator 30.
  • the steam generator 30 is designed as a waste heat continuous steam generator and is subjected to hot exhaust gas from a gas turbine la.
  • the steam generator 30 can alternatively also be designed as a coal, oil, wood, etc.-fired steam generator.
  • the steam generator 30 has a multiplicity of tubes 27, in which the steam for the steam turbine 20 is generated and which can have a protective layer 82 (see FIG. 3) for protection against oxidation.
  • the steam turbine 20 consists of a high-pressure part turbine 20a, a medium-pressure part turbine 20b and a low-pressure part turbine 20c, which drive the generator 22 via a common shaft 32.
  • the gas turbine la comprises a turbine 2 with a coupled air compressor 4 and a combustion chamber 6 connected upstream of the turbine 2, which is connected to an air supply line 8 of the air compressor 4.
  • a fuel line 10 opens into the combustion chamber 6 of the turbine 2.
  • the turbine 2 and the air compressor 4 as well as a generator 12 are seated on a common shaft 14.
  • Exhausted working medium AM or flue gas an exhaust pipe 34 is connected to an input 30a of the continuous steam generator 30.
  • the relaxed working medium AM (hot gas) of the gas turbine 2 leaves the continuous steam generator 30 via its outlet 30b in the direction of a chimney (not shown in more detail).
  • the condenser 26 connected downstream of the steam turbine 20 is connected to a feed water tank 38 via a condensate line 35, into which a condensate pump 36 is connected.
  • the feed water tank 38 is connected via a main feed water line 40, which is connected to a feed water pump 42, to an economizer or high-pressure preheater 44 arranged in the continuous-flow steam generator 30.
  • the high-pressure preheater 44 is on the output side to one for one
  • the evaporator 46 is in turn connected to a superheater 52 on the output side via a steam line 48 which is connected to a water separator 50.
  • the water separator 50 is connected between the evaporator 46 and the superheater 52.
  • the superheater 52 is connected on the output side via a steam line 53 to the steam inlet 54 of the high pressure part 20a of the steam turbine 20.
  • the steam outlet 56 of the high pressure part 20a of the steam turbine 20 is connected via an intermediate superheater 58 to the steam inlet 60 of the medium pressure part 20b of the steam turbine 20.
  • Its steam outlet 62 is connected via an overflow line 64 to the steam inlet 66 of the low-pressure part 20c of the steam turbine 20.
  • the steam outlet 68 of the low-pressure part 20c of the steam turbine 20 is connected to the condenser 26 via a steam line 70, so that a closed water-steam circuit 24 is formed.
  • a suction line 72 for separated water W is connected to the water separator 50 connected between the evaporator 46 and the superheater 52.
  • the Water separator 50 is connected to a drain line 74 which can be shut off with a valve 73.
  • the suction pipe 72 has its output side connected to a jet pump "75, with from the water-steam circuit of the steam turbine 20 entnommenem medium is acted upon primary side 24th the jet pump 75 is the primary side the output side also connected to the water-steam circuit 24
  • the jet pump 75 is connected to a steam line 73, which is connected on the inlet side to the steam line 53 and thus to the outlet of the superheater 52 and can be shut off via a valve 76.
  • the steam line 78 ends on the outlet side in a steam outlet 56 of the high pressure part 20a of the steam turbine 20 1, the jet pump 75 can thus be operated as a propellant with steam D taken from the water-steam circuit 24.
  • components of the steam power plant 1b can have an aluminum-containing protective layer with a thickness of less than 50 ⁇ m be provided (see FIG 3).
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a section through a steam turbine system with a turbine shaft 101 extending along an axis of rotation 102.
  • the turbine shaft 101 is composed of two partial turbine shafts 101a and 101b, which are firmly connected to one another in the region of the bearing 129b.
  • the steam turbine system has a high-pressure part-tower 123 and a medium-pressure part-turbine e 125, each with an inner casing 121 and an outer casing 122 surrounding it.
  • the high-pressure partial tower 123 is designed as a pot.
  • the medium-pressure partial tower 125 is designed with two channels. It is also possible for the medium-pressure partial tower 125 to be designed with care.
  • a bearing 129b is arranged along the axis of rotation 102 between the high-pressure part-tower 123 and the medium-pressure part-tower 125, the turbine shaft 101 having a bearing region 132 in the bearing 129b.
  • the turbine shaft 101 is supported on a further bearing 129a next to the high-pressure sub-tower 123.
  • the high-pressure partial tower 123 has a shaft seal 124.
  • the turbine shaft 101 is sealed off from the outer housing 122 of the medium-pressure partial tower 125 by two further shaft seals 124.
  • the turbine shaft 101 in the high-pressure sub-turbine 123 has blades 113. Axially in the direction of flow of the steam is upstream of each row of rotor blades 113 and one row of guide blades 130.
  • the medium-pressure turbine section 125 has a central steam flow region 115.
  • the turbine shaft 101 Associated with the steam inflow region 115, the turbine shaft 101 has a radially symmetrical shaft shield 109, a cover plate, which on the one hand to divide the steam flow into the two flows of the medium-pressure turbine section 125 and on the other hand to prevent direct contact of the hot steam with the turbine shaft 101 serves.
  • the turbine shaft 101 has medium-pressure guide vanes 131 and medium-pressure rotor blades 114 in the medium-pressure turbine section 125.
  • the steam flowing out of the medium-pressure sub-turbine 125 from an outflow connection 126 reaches one of these low-pressure sub-towers, which are connected downstream in terms of flow technology and are not shown.
  • the component 80 has a base material 81, for example a chromium steel with 9 to 12% by weight of chromium, and possibly further alloy elements such as molybdenum, vanadium, carbon, silicon, tungsten, manganese, niobium and a remainder made of iron.
  • the base material 81 merges into a protective layer 82 which has aluminum in excess of 50% by weight.
  • the average thickness D of the protective layer 82 is approximately 10 ⁇ m.
  • the section shown is a thousandfold microscopic magnification.
  • the base material 81 has a Vickers hardness of approximately 300 and the protective layer has a Vickers hardness of approximately 1200.
  • the protective layer 82 significantly increases the oxidation resistance and thus the scale resistance of the component 80, even at high steam temperatures of up to over 650 ° C., which increases the service life of the component 80 when used in a steam turbine system or when used with steam at more than 600 ° C significantly increased.
  • the metallic protective layer 82 also forms the outer surface (cover layer) of the component 80 having the protective layer 82. The outer surface of the protective layer 82 is exposed to hot steam during operation of the steam turbine system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a component (80) which can be subjected to hot steam and which has a metallic base body (81) to which a protective layer (82) is bonded by diffusion. Said protective layer (82) increases the base material's resistance to oxidation, comprises aluminum, and has a thickness (D) of less than 50 mu m. The invention also relates to a method for producing a protective coating which increases the component's (80) resistance to oxidation.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Bauteil sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzbe- schichtung auf einem BauteilComponent and method for producing a protective coating on a component
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauteil, insbesondere ein einem heißen Dampf aussetzbares Bauteil, mit einem metallischen Grundkorper, der eine Schutzbeschichtung zur Erhöhung der 0- xidationsbestandigkeit des Grundwerkstoffes aufweist. Die Er- findung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzbeschichtung zur Erhöhung der Oxidationsbeständigkeit auf einem Bauteil, welches heißem Dampf aussetzbar ist, mit einem metallischen Grundkorper, der einen Grundwerkstoff aufweist.The invention relates to a component, in particular a component that can be exposed to hot steam, with a metallic base body that has a protective coating to increase the resistance to oxidation of the base material. The invention further relates to a method for producing a protective coating for increasing the oxidation resistance on a component which can be exposed to hot steam, with a metallic base body which has a base material.
In verschiedenen technischen Gebieten werden Bauteile heißem Dampf, insbesondere Wasserdampf, ausgesetzt. Dies trifft beispielsweise für Bauteile in Dampfanlagen, insbesondere in Dampfkraftwerken zu. Im Rahmen der Steigerung der Effizienz von Dampfkraftwerken wird unter anderem durch Anhebung der Dampfparameter (Druck und Temperatur) eine Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades erreicht. Zukunftige Entwicklungen werden hierbei Drucke bis zu 300 bar und Temperaturen bis zu über 650 °C aufweisen. Zur Realisierung solch erhöhter Dampfparameter sind geeignete Werkstoffe mit hoher Festigkeit im Zeitstandbereich bei erhöhten Temperaturen erforderlich.In various technical fields, components are exposed to hot steam, especially water vapor. This applies, for example, to components in steam plants, especially in steam power plants. As part of the increase in the efficiency of steam power plants, an increase in efficiency is achieved, among other things, by increasing the steam parameters (pressure and temperature). Future developments will have pressures up to 300 bar and temperatures up to over 650 ° C. To realize such increased steam parameters, suitable materials with high strength in the creep range at elevated temperatures are required.
Da austenitische Stahle aufgrund ungunstiger physikalischen Eigenschaften, wie hoher Warmeαehnungskoefflzient und niedri- ger Wärmeleitfähigkeit, hierbei an ihre Grenzen stoßen werden, werden derzeit verschiedene Varianten von zeitstandfesten, ferπtisch-martensitischen Stahlen mit Chromgehalten von 9 Gew.% bis 12 Gew.% entwickelt.Since austenitic steels will reach their limits due to unfavorable physical properties, such as high thermal expansion coefficient and low thermal conductivity, various variants of durable, ferrous-martensitic steels with chromium contents of 9% to 12% by weight are currently being developed.
Aus der EP 0 379 699 AI geht ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Korrosions- und Oxidationswiderstandes einer Schaufel einer thermischen Maschine, insbesondere eine Verdichterschaufel eines Axialkompressors, hervor. Das Grundmaterial der Verdichterschaufel besteht hierbei aus einem ferritisch-marten- sitischen Werkstoff. Auf das Grundmaterial wird eine feste haftende Oberflächenschutzschicht bestehend aus 6 bis 15 Gew.% Silizium, Rest Aluminium nach dem Hochgeschwindigkeitsverfahren mit einer Partikelgeschwindigkeit von mindestens 300 mls auf die Oberfläche des Grundmaterials aufgespritzt. Auf diese Metall-Schutzschicht wird nach einem herkömmlichen Lackspritzverfahren ein Kunststoff, beispielsweise Polytetra- fluoräthylen, aufgetragen, welcher Kunststoff die Deckschicht (äußere Schicht) der Schaufel bildet. Mit dem Verfahren wird eine Schutzschicht auf einer Schaufel bereitgestellt, die einen erhöhten Korrosions- und Erosionswiderstand bei Anwesenheit von Wasserdampf und vergleichsweise mäßigen Temperaturen (450 °C) aufweist, wie sie für Verdichterschaufeln relevant sind.EP 0 379 699 A1 discloses a method for increasing the corrosion and oxidation resistance of a blade of a thermal machine, in particular a compressor blade an axial compressor. The basic material of the compressor blade consists of a ferritic-martensitic material. A solid, adherent surface protection layer consisting of 6 to 15% by weight of silicon and the remainder of aluminum are sprayed onto the surface of the base material using the high-speed method with a particle speed of at least 300 mls. A plastic, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, is applied to this metal protective layer by a conventional paint spraying process, which plastic forms the outer layer of the blade. The method provides a protective layer on a blade, which has an increased resistance to corrosion and erosion in the presence of water vapor and comparatively moderate temperatures (450 ° C.), as are relevant for compressor blades.
In dem Artikel „Werkstoffkonzept für hochbeanspruchte Dampfturbinen-Bauteile'", von Christina Berger und Jürgen Ewald im Siemens Power Journal 4/94, S. 14-21, wurden die Werkstoffeigenschaften für geschmiedete sowie gegossene Chromstähle untersucht. Die Zeitstandfestigkeit von Chromstählen mit 2 bis 12 Gew.% Chrom sowie Zusätzen von Molybdän, Wolfram, Niob und Vanadium nimmt hierbei mit steigender Temperatur kontinuier- lieh ab. Für den Einsatz bei Temperaturen von über 550 bis 600 °C sind geschmiedete Wellen angegeben mit einem Anteil von 10 bis 12 Gew.% Chrom, 1 % Molybdän, 0,5 bis 0,75 Gew.% Nickel, 0,2 bis 0,3 Gew.% Vanadium, 0,12 bis 0,23 Gew.% Kohlenstoff und optional 1 Gew.% Wolfram. Aus Chromstahl her- stellte Gußteile finden Verwendung in Ventilen einer Dampfturbine, Außen- und Innengehäuse von Hochdruck-, Mitteldruck-, Niederdruck- und Sattdampfturbinen. Für Ventile und Gehäuse bei Temperaturen von 550 bis 600 °C finden 10 bis 12 Gew.% Chrom enthaltende Stähle Anwendung, die daneben 0,12 bis 0,22 Gew.% Kohlenstoff, 0,65 bis 1 Gew.% Mangan, 1 bis 1,1 Gew.% Molybdän, 0,7 bis 0,35 Gew.% Nickel, 0,2 bis 0,3 Gew.% Vanadium oder auch 0,5 bis 1 Gew.% Wolfram enthalten können.In the article "Material concept for highly stressed steam turbine components'", by Christina Berger and Jürgen Ewald in the Siemens Power Journal 4/94, pp. 14-21, the material properties for forged and cast chrome steels were examined. The creep rupture strength of chrome steels with 2 to 12% by weight of chromium and additions of molybdenum, tungsten, niobium and vanadium decrease continuously as the temperature rises. Forged shafts with a proportion of 10 to 12% by weight are specified for use at temperatures above 550 to 600 ° C. % Chromium, 1% molybdenum, 0.5 to 0.75% by weight nickel, 0.2 to 0.3% by weight vanadium, 0.12 to 0.23% by weight carbon and optionally 1% by weight tungsten. Castings made from chromium steel are used in valves of a steam turbine, outer and inner housings of high pressure, medium pressure, low pressure and saturated steam turbines, and 10 to 12% by weight chromium are used for valves and housings at temperatures from 550 to 600 ° C St Application, which also 0.12 to 0.22% by weight carbon, 0.65 to 1% by weight manganese, 1 to 1.1% by weight molybdenum, 0.7 to 0.35% by weight nickel, 0 , 2 to 0.3 % By weight of vanadium or 0.5 to 1% by weight of tungsten.
In dem Artikel „Steam Turbine Materials: High Temperature Forgings* von C. Berger et al . , 5^ Int. Conf. Materials for Advanced Power Engineering, Liege, Belgium, Okt. 3-6, 1994, wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung von zeitstandfesten 9 bis 12 Gew.% Chrom enthaltenen CrMoV-Stählen gegeben. Diese Stähle finden hierbei in Dampfkraftanlagen, wie konventionel- len Dampfkraftwerken und nuklearen Kraftwerken Anwendung. Aus solchen Chromstählen hergestellte Bauteile sind beispielsweise Turbinenwellen, Gehäuse, Bolzen, Turbinenschaufeln, Rohrleitungen, Turbinenradscheiben und Druckgefäße. Einen weiteren Überblick über die Entwicklung neuer Werkstoffe, insbe- sondere 9-12 Gew.% Chromstähle gibt der Artikel „Material de- velopment for high temperature-stressed components of turbo- machines* von T.-U. Kern et al . in Stainless Steel World, Oct. 1998, S. 19-27.In the article “Steam Turbine Materials: High Temperature Forgings *” by C. Berger et al. , 5 ^ Int. Conf. Materials for Advanced Power Engineering, Liege, Belgium, Oct. 3-6, 1994, gives an overview of the development of creep resistant CrMoV steels containing 9 to 12% by weight chromium. These steels are used in steam power plants such as conventional steam power plants and nuclear power plants. Components made from such chrome steels are, for example, turbine shafts, housings, bolts, turbine blades, pipelines, turbine wheel disks and pressure vessels. The article “Material development for high temperature-stressed components of turbo machines * by T.-U. provides a further overview of the development of new materials, especially 9-12% by weight of chromium steels. Kern et al. in Stainless Steel World, Oct. 1998, pp. 19-27.
Weitere Anwendungsbeispiele von Chromstählen mit 9 Gew.% bis 13 Gew.% Chrom sind beispielsweise in der US-PS 3,767,390 angegeben. Der hierin verwendete martensitische Stahl findet Anwendung bei Dampfturbinenschaufein und den die Gehäusehälften einer Dampfturbine zusammenhaltenden Bolzen.Further application examples of chromium steels with 9% by weight to 13% by weight chromium are given, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,767,390. The martensitic steel used herein is used in steam turbine showers and the bolts that hold the casing halves of a steam turbine together.
In der EP 0 639 691 AI ist eine Turbinenwelle für eine Dampfturbine angegeben, die 8 bis 13 Gew.% Chrom, 0,05 bis 0,3 Gew.% Kohlenstoff, kleiner 1 % Silizium, kleiner 1 % Mangan, kleiner 2 % Nickel, 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew.% Vanadium, 0,5 bis 5 Gew.% Wolfram, 0,025 bis 0,1 Gew.% Stickstoff bis 1,5 Gew.% Molybdän, sowie zwischen 0,03 bis 0,25 Gew.% Niob oder 0,03 bis 0,5 Gew.% Tantal oder kleiner 3 Gew.% Rhenium, kleiner 5 Gew.% Kobalt, kleiner 0,05 Gew.% Bor mit einer martensi- tischen Struktur aufweist.EP 0 639 691 A1 specifies a turbine shaft for a steam turbine which contains 8 to 13% by weight of chromium, 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of carbon, less than 1% silicon, less than 1% manganese, less than 2% nickel , 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of vanadium, 0.5 to 5% by weight of tungsten, 0.025 to 0.1% by weight of nitrogen to 1.5% by weight of molybdenum, and also between 0.03 to 0.25 % By weight of niobium or 0.03 to 0.5% by weight of tantalum or less than 3% by weight of rhenium, less than 5% by weight of cobalt, less than 0.05% by weight of boron with a martensitic structure.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Bauteil, welches heißem Dampf aussetzbar ist, mit einem metallischen Grundkörper an- zugeben, welches eine gegenüber dem metallischen Grundkorper erhöhte Oxidationsbeständigkeit aufweist. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzbeschichtung zur Erhöhung der Oxidationsbeständigkeit des Grundwerkstoffes auf einem Bauteil anzugeben.The object of the invention is to attach a component which can be exposed to hot steam to a metallic base body. admit, which has an increased oxidation resistance compared to the metallic basic body. Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a protective coating to increase the oxidation resistance of the base material on a component.
Erfmdungsgemaß wird die auf ein Bautexl gerichtete Aufgabe dadurch gelost, daß das Bauteil an dem Grundwerkstoff eine Schutzschicht aufweist, welche eine Dicke von unter 50 μm be- sitzt und Aluminium aufweist.According to the invention, the object directed to a building material is achieved in that the component has a protective layer on the base material, which has a thickness of less than 50 μm and has aluminum.
Die Erfindung geht hierbei von der Erkenntnis aus, daß bei hohen Einsatztemperaturen eines Grundwerkstoffes, beispielsweise in Dampfkraftwerken, neben einer erhöhten Zeitstand- festigkeit auch eine erhöhte Anforderung an die Oxidationsbeständigkeit im Dampf erforderlich ist. Die Oxidation der Grundwerkstoffe nimmt hierbei mit steigender Temperatur zum Teil deutlich zu. Dieses Problem der Oxidation wird durch die Absenkung des Chromgehaltes m den zum Einsatz kommenden Stahlen noch verschärft, da Chrom als Legierungselement einen positiven Einfluß auf die Zunderbestandigkeit besitzt. Mit einem geringeren Chromgehalt kann es somit zu einer Erhöhung der Zundergeschwindigkeit kommen. Beispielsweise kann es bei Dampferzeugerrohren durch dicke Oxidationsschichten auf der Dampfseite zu einer Verschlechterung des Wärmeübergangs vom metallischen Grundwerkstoff zum Dampf und damit zu einer Temperaturerhöhung der Rohrwand und zur Verminderung der Lebensdauer der Dampferzeugerrohre kommen. Bei Dampfturbinen konnte es beispielsweise zum Festzundern von Schraubenverbindungen und Ventilen sowie einer Zusatzbeanspruchung durch Zunderwachstum in Schaufelnuten oder durch Aυplatzen von Zunder an Schaufelaustrittskanten zur Kerbspannungserhohung kommen.The invention is based on the knowledge that at high operating temperatures of a base material, for example in steam power plants, in addition to increased creep resistance, an increased requirement for resistance to oxidation in steam is required. The oxidation of the base materials increases significantly with increasing temperature. This problem of oxidation is exacerbated by the reduction in the chromium content in the steels used, since chromium as an alloying element has a positive influence on the scale resistance. With a lower chromium content, the scaling speed can increase. For example, in the case of steam generator tubes, thick oxidation layers on the steam side can lead to a deterioration in the heat transfer from the metallic base material to the steam and thus to an increase in the temperature of the tube wall and to a reduction in the service life of the steam generator tubes. In steam turbines, for example, scaling of screw connections and valves as well as additional stress due to scaling growth in blade grooves or bursting of scale at blade trailing edges could lead to an increase in notch stress.
Aufgrund einer negativen Beeinflussung der mechanischen Ei- genschaften des Grundwerkstoffes scheidet die Möglichkeit, die Zunderbestandigkeit durch nderung der Legierungszusammensetzung des Grundwerkstoffes durch zunderverminderte Ele- mente wie Chrom, Aluminium und/oder Silizium m einer Erhöhten Konzentration aus. Mit der Erfindung hingegen, welche eine dünne mit Aluminium angereicherte Zone des Grundwerkstoffes aufweist, wird bereits eine Erhöhung der Oxidationsbe- standigkeit des Grundwerkstoffes um bis zu über einer Großen- ordung erreicht. Weiterhin können hierdurch fertig bearbeitete Bauteile problemlos geschützt werden, indem sie eine solche Oxidationsbeschichtung erhalten. Aufgrund der geringen Dicke der Schutzschicht findet auch keine negative Beem- flussung des Grundwerkstoffes in seinen mechanischen Eigenschaften statt. Die Schutzschicht ist hierbei zu einem großen Teil, ggf. vollständig, durch die Diffusion von Aluminium in den Grundwerkstoff bzw. auch umgekehrt entstanden. Eine entsprechende Diffusion des Aluminiums in den Grundwerkstoff hinein und von Elementen des Grundwerkstoffes in eine Alumi- niumschicht hinein kann im Rahmen einer Wärmebehandlung unterhalb der Anlaßtemperatur des Grundwerkstoffes stattfinden, so daß keine neue W rmebehandlung des Bauteils erforderlich ist. Gegebenenfalls kann eine solche Diffusion auch beim Em- satz des Bauteils bei den dort herrschenden Temperaturen erfolgen. Infolge der metallischen Bindung zwischen dem Aluminium und den Legierungselementen des Grundwerkstoffes wird eine hohe Haftfestigkeit erzielt. Zudem weist die Schutzschicht eine hohe Harte auf, so daß ebenfalls eine hohe Ab- riebfestigkeit gegeben ist. Darüber hinaus kann eine besonders gleichmäßige Ausbildung der Schichtdicke der Schutzschicht auch an wenig zugänglichen Stellen durch einfache Aufbringungsverfahren erreicht werden.Due to a negative influence on the mechanical properties of the base material, there is no possibility of reducing the scale resistance by changing the alloy composition of the base material by reducing the scale. elements such as chrome, aluminum and / or silicon in an increased concentration. In contrast, with the invention, which has a thin zone of the base material enriched with aluminum, the oxidation resistance of the base material is increased by up to a large order. Finished machined components can also be protected in this way without problems by having such an oxidation coating. Due to the small thickness of the protective layer, there is also no negative influence on the mechanical properties of the base material. The protective layer is largely, possibly completely, created by the diffusion of aluminum into the base material or vice versa. A corresponding diffusion of the aluminum into the base material and of elements of the base material into an aluminum layer can take place as part of a heat treatment below the tempering temperature of the base material, so that no new heat treatment of the component is required. If necessary, such a diffusion can also take place when the component is used at the temperatures prevailing there. As a result of the metallic bond between the aluminum and the alloying elements of the base material, high adhesive strength is achieved. In addition, the protective layer has a high hardness, so that there is also a high abrasion resistance. In addition, a particularly uniform formation of the layer thickness of the protective layer can also be achieved in places that are difficult to access by simple application methods.
Die Dicke der Schutzschicht liegt hierbei vorzugsweise unter 20 um, insbesondere unter 10 um. Sie kann vorzugsweise zwischen 5 bis 10 um betragen.The thickness of the protective layer is preferably less than 20 μm, in particular less than 10 μm. It can preferably be between 5 and 10 µm.
Der Anteil von Aluminium betragt m der Schutzschicht hierbei vorzugsweise über 50 Gew.%. Die Schutzschicht weist vorzugsweise neben Aluminium auch Eisen und Chrom auf, diese können beispielsweise aus einem Grundwerkstoff m die Schutzsc icht eindiffundiert sein oder mit einer aluminiumhaltigen Schicht auf den Grundwerkstoff aufgebracht worden sein. Weiterhin kann die Schutzschicht neben Aluminium auch Silizium, insbesondere bis zu 20 Gew.%, aufweisen. Durch eine entsprechende Zumischung von Silizium können die Harte der Schutzscnicht sowie andere mechanische Eigenschaften gezielt eingestellt werden.The proportion of aluminum in the protective layer is preferably more than 50% by weight. In addition to aluminum, the protective layer preferably also has iron and chromium, for example these can be diffused into the protective layer from a base material or applied to the base material with an aluminum-containing layer. In addition to aluminum, the protective layer can also have silicon, in particular up to 20% by weight. The hardness of the protective layer and other mechanical properties can be specifically adjusted by appropriately adding silicon.
Der Grundwerkstoff des Bauteils ist vorzugsweise ein Chromstahl. Dieser kann zwischen 0,5 Gew.% bis 2,5 Gew.% Chrom, sowie auch zwischen 8 Gew.% bis 12 Gew.% Chrom, insbesondere zwischen 9 Gew.% und etwa 10 Gew.% Chrom, aufweisen. Neben Chrom kann ein solcher Chromstahl, Mangan zwischen 0,1 bis 1,0 vorzugsweise 0,45 Gew.%, aufweisen. Er kann ebenfalls Kohlenstoff zwischen 0,05 und 0,25 Gew.%, Silizium kleiner 0,6 Gew.%, vorzugsweise etwa 0,1 Gew.%; Molybdän zwischen 0,5 bis 2 Gew.%, vorzugsweise etwa 1 Gew.%; Nickel bis 1,5 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 0,74 Gew.%; Vanadium zwischen 0,1 und 0,5 Gew.%, vorzugsweise etwa 0,18 Gew.%; Wolfram zwischen 0,5 bis 2 Gew.%, vorzugsweise 0,8 Gew.%; Niob bis 0,5 Gew.%, vorzugsweise etwa 0,045 Gew.%; Stickstoff kleiner 0,1 Gew.%, vorzugsweise etwa 0,05 Gew.% sowie gegebenenfalls einen Zusatz von Bor kleiner 0,1 Gew.%, vorzugsweise etwa 0,05 Gew.%, aufweisen.The base material of the component is preferably a chrome steel. This can have between 0.5% by weight and 2.5% by weight of chromium, and also between 8% by weight and 12% by weight of chromium, in particular between 9% by weight and about 10% by weight of chromium. In addition to chromium, such a chromium steel, manganese between 0.1 to 1.0, preferably 0.45% by weight, can have. It can also contain carbon between 0.05 and 0.25% by weight, silicon less than 0.6% by weight, preferably about 0.1% by weight; Molybdenum between 0.5 to 2% by weight, preferably about 1% by weight; Nickel up to 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.74% by weight; Vanadium between 0.1 and 0.5% by weight, preferably about 0.18% by weight; Tungsten between 0.5 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.8% by weight; Niobium to 0.5% by weight, preferably about 0.045% by weight; Nitrogen less than 0.1% by weight, preferably about 0.05% by weight and optionally an addition of boron less than 0.1% by weight, preferably about 0.05% by weight.
Der Grundwerkstoff ist vorzugsweise martensitisch, oder fer- πtisch-martensitisch oder ferritisch.The base material is preferably martensitic, or ferritic-martensitic or ferritic.
Das die dünne Schutzschicht aufweisende Bauteil ist vorzugsweise eine Komponente einer Dampfturbine oder eine Komponente eines Dampferzeugers, insbesondere e n Dampferzeugerrohr . Das Bauteil kann ein Schmiedeteil oder ein Gußteil sein. Ein Bau- teil einer Dampfturbine kann hieroei eine Turbinenschaufel, ein Ventil, eine Turbmenwelle, eine Radscheibe einer Turbinenwelle, ein Verbmdungselement, ie eine Schraube, ein Bol- zen, eine Mutter etc., eine Gehausekomponente (Innengehause, Leitschaufeltrager, Außengehause) , eine Rohrleitung oder ahnliches sein.The component having the thin protective layer is preferably a component of a steam turbine or a component of a steam generator, in particular a steam generator tube. The component can be a forged part or a cast part. A component of a steam turbine can here be a turbine blade, a valve, a turbine shaft, a wheel disk of a turbine shaft, a connecting element, ie a screw, a bolt. zen, a nut etc., a housing component (inner housing, guide vane support, outer housing), a pipeline or the like.
Die auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzbeschichtung zur Erhöhung der Oxidationsbeständigkeit auf einem Bauteil, welches heißem Dampf aussetzbar ist, gerichtete Aufgabe wird dadurch gelost, daß auf einen metallischen Grundkorper, der einen Grundwerkstoff aufweist, eine unter 50 um dicke a- luminiumpigmenthaltige Schicht aufgebracht wird, und das Bauteil auf einer Temperatur, die unterhalb der Anlaßtemperatur des Grundwerkstoffes liegt, genalten wird, so daß eine Reaktion des Aluminiums mit dem Grundwerkstoff zur Ausbildung einer aluminiumenthaltenden Schutzschicht stattfindet.The object directed to a method for producing a protective coating to increase the oxidation resistance on a component which can be exposed to hot steam is achieved in that a layer less than 50 μm thick containing aluminum pigment is applied to a metallic base body which has a base material , and the component is at a temperature which is below the tempering temperature of the base material, so that a reaction of the aluminum with the base material takes place to form an aluminum-containing protective layer.
Die aluminiumenthaltende Schicht wird hierbei vorzugsweise zur Durchfuhrung der Diffusion auf einer Temperatur im Bereich der Schmelztemperatur von Aluminium, insbesondere zwischen 650 °C und 720 °C gehalten. Die Temperatur kann auch niedriger liegen. Es kann gegebenenfalls auch die Diffusion wahrend des Einsatzes des Bauteils in einer Dampfanlage bei der dann dort herrschenden Einsatztemperatur erfolgen. Das Bauteil wird der entsprecnenden Temperatur zur Durchfuhrung der Reaktion mindestens 5 Mm., vorzugsweise über 15 Mm., gegebenenfalls auch einige Stunden lang, ausgesetzt.The aluminum-containing layer is preferably kept at a temperature in the region of the melting temperature of aluminum, in particular between 650 ° C. and 720 ° C., in order to carry out the diffusion. The temperature can also be lower. If necessary, the diffusion can also take place during the use of the component in a steam system at the operating temperature then prevailing there. The component is exposed to the appropriate temperature for carrying out the reaction for at least 5 mm, preferably over 15 mm, optionally also for a few hours.
Die das Aluminium enthaltende Schicht wird vorzugsweise mit einer Dicke, insbesondere mittleren Dicke, zwischen 5 um und 30 μm, insbesondere zwischen 10 μ und 20 μm aufgebracht. Das Aufbringen der dünnen alummiumpigmenthaltigen Schicht erfolgt beispielsweise durch einen anorganischen Hochtemperaturlack. Die Schicht kann mittels Aufsprühen aufgebracht werden, wodurch auch an wenig zugänglichen Stellen eine entsprechende Schutzbeschichtung des Bauteils erreichbar ist. Eine Wärmebehandlung des Bauteils zur Durchfuhrung der Reaktion zwischen Grundwerkstoff und Beschichtung, kann beispielsweise im Ofen oder auch durch andere geeignete Wärmequellen erfol- gen. Nach Durchführung der Wärmebehandlung der aufgebrachten aluminiumpigmenthaltigen Schicht kann eine im wesentlichen geschlossene, ca. 5 bis 10 μm dicke Fe-Al-Cr-haltigen Schutzschicht entstehen, also in Form einer intermetallischen Ver- bindung zwischen Aluminium und dem Grundwerkstoff. Durch Aufbringen der Schicht auf einen Chromstahl wird eine wesentliche Verbesserung des Zunderverhaltens des Grundwerkstoffes erreicht. Aufgrund eines hohen Aluminiumgehaltes, insbesondere von über 50 Gew.%, in der durch Reaktion der Aluminiumpig- mente mit dem Grundwerkstoff entstandenen Schutzschicht, insbesondere eine Diffusionsschicht, ist die Oxidationsbeständigkeit des Bauteils deutlich erhöht. Die so entstandene Schutzschicht weist eine hohe Härte (Vickers- Härte HV) von beispielsweise etwa 1200 auf.The layer containing the aluminum is preferably applied with a thickness, in particular an average thickness, of between 5 μm and 30 μm, in particular between 10 μm and 20 μm. The thin layer containing aluminum pigment is applied, for example, by an inorganic high-temperature paint. The layer can be applied by spraying, as a result of which an appropriate protective coating of the component can be achieved even in inaccessible places. The component can be heat-treated to carry out the reaction between the base material and the coating, for example in the furnace or by other suitable heat sources. After the heat treatment of the applied aluminum pigment-containing layer has been carried out, an essentially closed, approximately 5 to 10 μm thick Fe-Al-Cr-containing protective layer can result, that is to say in the form of an intermetallic connection between aluminum and the base material. By applying the layer on a chrome steel, a significant improvement in the scaling behavior of the base material is achieved. Due to a high aluminum content, in particular of more than 50% by weight, in the protective layer created by the reaction of the aluminum pigments with the base material, in particular a diffusion layer, the oxidation resistance of the component is significantly increased. The resulting protective layer has a high hardness (Vickers hardness HV) of, for example, approximately 1200.
Das Aufbringen einer solchen dünnen aluminiumhaltigen Schicht kann alternativ auch durch einen angepaßten Tauchaluminie- rungsprozeß erfolgen. Die Änderung des Tauchaluminierungs- prozesses wird so durchgeführt, daß, entgegen der üblichen aluminiumhaltigen Schichtdicken von zwischen 20 und 400 μm, eine entsprechende Verringerung der Schichtdicke erzielt wird. Durch das Schmelztauchverfahren hergestellte Aluminium- Schmelztauchschichten, bilden mit Eisen mehrere Phasen (Eta- Phase/Fe2Al5; Zeta-Phase/FeAl2, Teta-Phase/FeAl3) . Bei dem herkömmlichen Schmelztauchen (Feueraluminieren) für einfache Stahlteile werden, entsprechend vorbehandelte, zu beschichtende Bauteile in schmelzflüssigen Aluminium- oder Aluminium- legierungs-Bädern bei Temperaturen vom 650°C bis 800°C getaucht und nach einer Verweilzeit von 5 bis 60 Sek. wieder herausgezogen. Es bildet sich hierbei eine intermetallische Schutzschicht und eine darauf befindliche Aluminium-Deckschicht. Diese mit herkömmlichem Feueraluminieren hergestellten Beschichtungen weisen allerdings die Gefahr auf, daß durch die aufliegende Aluminiumdeckschichten, Aluminium durch Dampfbeaufschlagung in den Wasserdampfkreislauf eingetragen wird, was unerwünschte Begleiterscheinungen wie schwer lösliche Aluminiumsilikat-Ablagerungen hervorrufen könnte. Anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbei- spiele werden das Verfahren sowie das die Schutzschicht aufweisende Bauteil näher erläutert. Es zeigen teilweise schema- tisch und nicht maßstäblich:Such a thin aluminum-containing layer can alternatively also be applied by an adapted immersion aluminizing process. The change in the dip aluminizing process is carried out in such a way that, contrary to the usual aluminum-containing layer thicknesses of between 20 and 400 μm, a corresponding reduction in the layer thickness is achieved. Aluminum hot-dip layers produced by the hot-dip process form several phases with iron (eta-phase / Fe 2 Al 5 ; zeta-phase / FeAl 2 , teta-phase / FeAl 3 ). In conventional hot dipping (fire aluminizing) for simple steel parts, appropriately pretreated components to be coated are immersed in molten aluminum or aluminum alloy baths at temperatures from 650 ° C to 800 ° C and after a dwell time of 5 to 60 seconds pulled out. An intermetallic protective layer and an aluminum cover layer are formed on it. However, these coatings produced with conventional fire aluminizing have the risk that aluminum is introduced into the water vapor circuit through the application of the aluminum cover layers, which could cause undesirable side effects such as poorly soluble aluminum silicate deposits. The method and the component having the protective layer are explained in more detail with the aid of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Some of them show schematically and not to scale:
FIG 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Dampfkraftanlage, FIG 2 einen schematischen Schnitt durch eine Dampfturbinenanordnung, und FIG 3 ein Schliffbild durch eine aluminiumhaltige Schutzschicht.1 shows a schematic representation of a steam power plant, FIG. 2 shows a schematic section through a steam turbine arrangement, and FIG. 3 shows a micrograph through an aluminum-containing protective layer.
FIG 1 zeigt eine Dampf raftanlage 1 mit einer Dampfturbinen- anlage Ib. Die Dampfturbinenanlage lb umfaßt eine Dampfturbi- ne 20 mit angekoppeltem Generator 22 und, in einem der Dampfturbine 20 zugeordneten Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf 24, einen der Dampfturbine 20 nachgeschalteten Kondensator 26 sowie einen Dampferzeuger 30. Der Dampferzeuger 30 ist als Abhitze-Durchlaufdampferzeuger ausgeführt und wird mit heißem Abgas einer Gasturbine la beaufschlagt. Der Dampferzeuger 30 kann alternativ auch als Kohle-, Öl-, Holz- etc. befeuerter Dampferzeuger ausgeführt sein. Der Dampferzeuger 30 weist eine Vielzahl von Rohren 27 auf, in denen der Dampf für die Dampfturbine 20 erzeugt wird und die eine Schutzschicht 82 (siehe Figur 3) zum Oxidationsschutz aufweisen können. Die Dampfturbine 20 besteht aus einer Hochdruckteil-Turbine 20a, einer Mitteldruckteil-Turbine 20b sowie einer Niederdruckteil-Turbine 20c, die über eine gemeinsame Welle 32 den Generator 22 antreiben.1 shows a steam raft system 1 with a steam turbine system 1b. The steam turbine system 1b comprises a steam turbine 20 with a coupled generator 22 and, in a water-steam circuit 24 assigned to the steam turbine 20, a condenser 26 connected downstream of the steam turbine 20 and a steam generator 30. The steam generator 30 is designed as a waste heat continuous steam generator and is subjected to hot exhaust gas from a gas turbine la. The steam generator 30 can alternatively also be designed as a coal, oil, wood, etc.-fired steam generator. The steam generator 30 has a multiplicity of tubes 27, in which the steam for the steam turbine 20 is generated and which can have a protective layer 82 (see FIG. 3) for protection against oxidation. The steam turbine 20 consists of a high-pressure part turbine 20a, a medium-pressure part turbine 20b and a low-pressure part turbine 20c, which drive the generator 22 via a common shaft 32.
Die Gasturbine la umfaßt eine Turbine 2 mit angekoppeltem Luftverdichter 4 und eine der Turbine 2 vorgeschalteten Brennkammer 6, die an eine Fnschluftleitung 8 des Luftverdichters 4 angeschlossen ist. In die Brennkammer 6 der Turbi- ne 2 mündet eine Brennstoffleitung 10. Die Turbine 2 und der Luftverdichter 4 sowie ein Generator 12 sitzen auf einer gemeinsamen Welle 14. Zum Zufuhren von in der Gasturbine 2 ent- spanntem Arbeitsmittel AM oder Rauchgas ist eine Abgasleitung 34 an einen Eingang 30a des Durchlaufdampferzeugers 30 angeschlossen. Das entspannte Arbeitsmittel AM (Heißgas) der Gasturbine 2 verlaßt den Durchlaufdampferzeuger 30 über dessen Ausgang 30b m Richtung auf einen nicht naher dargestellten Kamin .The gas turbine la comprises a turbine 2 with a coupled air compressor 4 and a combustion chamber 6 connected upstream of the turbine 2, which is connected to an air supply line 8 of the air compressor 4. A fuel line 10 opens into the combustion chamber 6 of the turbine 2. The turbine 2 and the air compressor 4 as well as a generator 12 are seated on a common shaft 14. For feeding in the gas turbine 2 Exhausted working medium AM or flue gas, an exhaust pipe 34 is connected to an input 30a of the continuous steam generator 30. The relaxed working medium AM (hot gas) of the gas turbine 2 leaves the continuous steam generator 30 via its outlet 30b in the direction of a chimney (not shown in more detail).
Der der Dampfturbine 20 nachgeschaltete Kondensator 26 ist über eine Kondensatleitung 35, in die eine Kondensatpumpe 36 geschaltet ist, mit einem Speisewasserbehalter 38 verbunden. Der Speisewasserbehalter 38 ist ausgangsseitig über eine Hauptspeisewasserleitung 40, die eine Speisewasserpumpe 42 geschaltet ist, mit einem im Durchlaufdampferzeuger 30 angeordneten Economizer oder Hochdruckvorwarmer 44 verbunden. Der Hochdruckvorwarmer 44 ist ausgangsseitig an einen für einenThe condenser 26 connected downstream of the steam turbine 20 is connected to a feed water tank 38 via a condensate line 35, into which a condensate pump 36 is connected. On the output side, the feed water tank 38 is connected via a main feed water line 40, which is connected to a feed water pump 42, to an economizer or high-pressure preheater 44 arranged in the continuous-flow steam generator 30. The high-pressure preheater 44 is on the output side to one for one
Durchlaufbetrieb ausgelegten Verdampfer 46 angeschlossen. Der Verdampfer 46 ist seinerseits ausgangsseitig über eine Dampfleitung 48, die ein Wasserabscheider 50 geschaltet ist, an einen Überhitzer 52 angeschlossen. Mit anderen Worten: Der Wasserabscheider 50 ist zwischen den Verdampfer 46 und den Überhitzer 52 geschaltet.Continuous operation designed evaporator 46 connected. The evaporator 46 is in turn connected to a superheater 52 on the output side via a steam line 48 which is connected to a water separator 50. In other words: the water separator 50 is connected between the evaporator 46 and the superheater 52.
Der Überhitzer 52 ist ausgangsseitig über eine Dampfleitung 53 mit dem Dampfeinlaß 54 des Hochdruckteils 20a der Dampf- turbine 20 verbunden. Der Dampfauslaß 56 des Hochdruckteils 20a der Dampfturbine 20 ist über einen Zwischenuberhitzer 58 an den Dampfeinlaß 60 des Mitteldruckteils 20b der Dampfturbine 20 angeschlossen. Dessen Dampfauslaß 62 ist über eine Überströmleitung 64 mit dem Dampfeinlaß 66 des Niederdruck- teils 20c der Dampfturbine 20 verbunden. Der Dampfauslaß 68 der Niederdruckteils 20c der Dampfturbine 20 ist über eine Dampfleitung 70 an den Kondensator 26 ingeschlossen, so daß ein geschlossener Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf 24 entsteht.The superheater 52 is connected on the output side via a steam line 53 to the steam inlet 54 of the high pressure part 20a of the steam turbine 20. The steam outlet 56 of the high pressure part 20a of the steam turbine 20 is connected via an intermediate superheater 58 to the steam inlet 60 of the medium pressure part 20b of the steam turbine 20. Its steam outlet 62 is connected via an overflow line 64 to the steam inlet 66 of the low-pressure part 20c of the steam turbine 20. The steam outlet 68 of the low-pressure part 20c of the steam turbine 20 is connected to the condenser 26 via a steam line 70, so that a closed water-steam circuit 24 is formed.
An den zwischen den Verdampfer 46 und den Überhitzer 52 geschalteten Wasserabscheider 50 ist eine Absaugleitung 72 für abgeschiedenes Wasser W angeschlossen. Zusätzlich ist an den Wasserabscheider 50 eine mit einem Ventil 73 absperrbare Ablaßleitung 74 angeschlossen. Die Absaugleitung 72 ist ausgangsseitig mit einer Strahlpumpe "75 verbunden, die primar- seitig mit aus dem Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf 24 der Dampfturbine 20 entnommenem Medium beaufschlagbar ist. Die Strahlpumpe 75 ist dabei primarseitig ausgangsseitig ebenfalls an den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf 24 angeschlossen. Die Strahlpumpe 75 ist in eine eingangsseitig mit der Dampfleitung 53 und somit mit dem Austritt des Überhitzers 52 verbundene, über ein Ventil 76 absperrbare Dampfleitung 73 geschaltet. Die Dampfleitung 78 mundet ausgangsseitig in eine den Dampfauslaß 56 des Hoch- druckteils 20a der Dampfturbine 20 mit dem Zwischenuberhitzer 58 verbindende Dampfleitung 90. Im Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 ist die Strahlpumpe 75 somit mit aus dem Wasser- Dampf-Kreislauf 24 entnommenem Dampf D als Treibmittel betreibbar. Je nach Anforderung können Komponenten der Dampfkraftanlage lb mit einer aluminiumhaltigen Schutzschicht mit einer Dicke kleiner 50 μm versehen sein (s. FIG 3) .A suction line 72 for separated water W is connected to the water separator 50 connected between the evaporator 46 and the superheater 52. In addition, the Water separator 50 is connected to a drain line 74 which can be shut off with a valve 73. The suction pipe 72 has its output side connected to a jet pump "75, with from the water-steam circuit of the steam turbine 20 entnommenem medium is acted upon primary side 24th the jet pump 75 is the primary side the output side also connected to the water-steam circuit 24 The jet pump 75 is connected to a steam line 73, which is connected on the inlet side to the steam line 53 and thus to the outlet of the superheater 52 and can be shut off via a valve 76. The steam line 78 ends on the outlet side in a steam outlet 56 of the high pressure part 20a of the steam turbine 20 1, the jet pump 75 can thus be operated as a propellant with steam D taken from the water-steam circuit 24. Depending on the requirements, components of the steam power plant 1b can have an aluminum-containing protective layer with a thickness of less than 50 µm be provided (see FIG 3).
In FIG 2 ist in einem schematischen Längsschnitt ein Ausschnitt durch eine Dampfturbinenanlage mit einer sich entlang einer Rotationsachse 102 erstreckenden Turbinenwelle 101 dargestellt. Die Turbinenwelle 101 ist aus zwei Teilturb enwel- len 101a und 101b zusammengesetzt, die im Bereich des Lagers 129b fest miteinander verbunden sind. Die Dampfturbinenanlage weist eine Hochdruck-Teilturbme 123 und eine Mitteldruck- Teilturb e 125 mit jeweils einem Innengehause 121 und einem dieses umschließenden Außengenause 122 auf. Die Hochdruck- Teilturbme 123 ist in Topfbauart ausgeführt. Die Mittel- druck-Teilturbme 125 ist zweiflutig ausgeführt. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, daß die Mitteldruck-Teilturbme 125 emflutig ausgeführt ist. Entlang der Rotationsachse 102 ist zwischen der Hochdruck-Teilturbme 123 und der Mitteldruck-Teilturbme 125 ein Lager 129b angeordnet, wobei die Turbinenwelle 101 in dem Lager 129b einen Lagerbereich 132 aufweist. Die Turbinenwelle 101 ist auf einem weiteren Lager 129a neben der Hochdruck-Teilturbme 123 aufgelagert. Im Bereich dieses Lagers 129a weist die Hochdruck-Teilturbme 123 eine Wellendichtung 124 auf. Die Turbinenwelle 101 ist gegenüber dem Außengehause 122 der Mitteldruck-Teilturbme 125 durch zwei weitere Wellendichtungen 124 abgedichtet. Zwischen einem Hochdruck- Dampfemstrombereich 127 und einem Dampfaustrittsbereich 116 weist die Turbinenwelle 101 in der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 123 Laufschaufeln 113 auf. Axial m Stromungsrichtung des Dampfes ist jeder Reihe aus Laufschaufeln 113, eine Reihe aus Leitschaufeln 130 vorgeschaltet. Die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 125 weist einen zentralen Dampfemstrombereich 115 auf. Dem2 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a section through a steam turbine system with a turbine shaft 101 extending along an axis of rotation 102. The turbine shaft 101 is composed of two partial turbine shafts 101a and 101b, which are firmly connected to one another in the region of the bearing 129b. The steam turbine system has a high-pressure part-tower 123 and a medium-pressure part-turbine e 125, each with an inner casing 121 and an outer casing 122 surrounding it. The high-pressure partial tower 123 is designed as a pot. The medium-pressure partial tower 125 is designed with two channels. It is also possible for the medium-pressure partial tower 125 to be designed with care. A bearing 129b is arranged along the axis of rotation 102 between the high-pressure part-tower 123 and the medium-pressure part-tower 125, the turbine shaft 101 having a bearing region 132 in the bearing 129b. The turbine shaft 101 is supported on a further bearing 129a next to the high-pressure sub-tower 123. In the area of this camp 129a, the high-pressure partial tower 123 has a shaft seal 124. The turbine shaft 101 is sealed off from the outer housing 122 of the medium-pressure partial tower 125 by two further shaft seals 124. Between a high-pressure steam flow area 127 and a steam exit area 116, the turbine shaft 101 in the high-pressure sub-turbine 123 has blades 113. Axially in the direction of flow of the steam is upstream of each row of rotor blades 113 and one row of guide blades 130. The medium-pressure turbine section 125 has a central steam flow region 115. The
Dampfeinstrombereich 115 zugeordnet, weist die Turbinenwelle 101 eine radialsymmetrische Wellenabschirmung 109, eine Ab- deckplatte, auf, welche einerseits zur Teilung des Dampfstromes in die beiden Fluten der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 125 so- wie andererseits zur Verhinderung eines direkten Kontaktes des heißen Dampfes mit der Turbinenwelle 101 dient. Die Turbinenwelle 101 weist in der Mitteldruc -Teilturbine 125 Mitteldruck-Leitschaufeln 131 und Mitteldruck-Laufschaufeln 114 auf. Der aus der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 125 aus einem Ab- stromstutzen 126 ausströmende Dampf gelangt zu einer dieser strömungstechnisch nachgeschalteten, nicht dargestellten Nie- derdruck-Teilturbme .Associated with the steam inflow region 115, the turbine shaft 101 has a radially symmetrical shaft shield 109, a cover plate, which on the one hand to divide the steam flow into the two flows of the medium-pressure turbine section 125 and on the other hand to prevent direct contact of the hot steam with the turbine shaft 101 serves. The turbine shaft 101 has medium-pressure guide vanes 131 and medium-pressure rotor blades 114 in the medium-pressure turbine section 125. The steam flowing out of the medium-pressure sub-turbine 125 from an outflow connection 126 reaches one of these low-pressure sub-towers, which are connected downstream in terms of flow technology and are not shown.
FIG 3 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines Längsschnitts durch einen oberflächennahen Bereich eines Bauteils 80, einer Komponente einer Dampfturbinenanlage, wie beispielsweise einem Dampferzeugerrohr 27, einer Turbinenwelle 101, einem Turbinenaußen- gehause 122, einem Innengehause 121 (Leitschaufeltrager) , einer Wellenabschirmung 109, einem Ventil oder ähnlichem. Das Bauteil 80 weist einen Grundwerkstoff 81, beispielsweise einen Chromstahl mit 9 bis 12 Gew.% Chrom sowie ggf. weiteren Legierungselementen, wie Molybdän, Vanadium, Kohlenstoff, Silizium, Wolfram, Mangan, Niob und einem Rest aus Eisen auf. Der Grundwerkstoff 81 geht in eine Schutzschicht 82 über, die Aluminium bis zu über 50 Gew.% aufweist. Die mittlere Dicke D der Schutzschicht 82 betragt etwa 10 μm. Der gezeigte Ausschnitt ist eine tausendfache mikroskopische Vergrößerung. Der Grundwerkstoff 81 weist hierbei eine Vickers-Härte von etwa 300 und die Schutzschicht eine Vickers-Härte von etwa 1200 auf. Durch die Schutzschicht 82 wird die Oxidationsbeständigkeit und somit die Zunderfestigkeit des Bauteils 80, auch bei hohen Dampftemperaturen von bis zu über 650° C, deutlich erhöht, was die Lebensdauer des Bauteils 80 beim Einsatz in einer Dampfturbinenanlage bzw. dem Einsatz bei Dampfbeaufschlagung mit über 600° C deutlich erhöht. Die metallische Schutzschicht 82 bildet dabe- zugleich die äußere Oberfläche (Deckschicht) des die Schutzschicht 82 aufweisenden Bauteils 80. Die äußere Oberfläche der Schutzschicht 82 ist im Betrieb der Dampfturbinenanlage mit heißem Dampf beaufschlagt . 3 shows a section of a longitudinal section through a region near the surface of a component 80, a component of a steam turbine installation, such as a steam generator tube 27, a turbine shaft 101, a turbine outer housing 122, an inner housing 121 (guide vane carrier), a shaft shield 109, a valve or the like. The component 80 has a base material 81, for example a chromium steel with 9 to 12% by weight of chromium, and possibly further alloy elements such as molybdenum, vanadium, carbon, silicon, tungsten, manganese, niobium and a remainder made of iron. The base material 81 merges into a protective layer 82 which has aluminum in excess of 50% by weight. The average thickness D of the protective layer 82 is approximately 10 μm. The section shown is a thousandfold microscopic magnification. The base material 81 has a Vickers hardness of approximately 300 and the protective layer has a Vickers hardness of approximately 1200. The protective layer 82 significantly increases the oxidation resistance and thus the scale resistance of the component 80, even at high steam temperatures of up to over 650 ° C., which increases the service life of the component 80 when used in a steam turbine system or when used with steam at more than 600 ° C significantly increased. The metallic protective layer 82 also forms the outer surface (cover layer) of the component 80 having the protective layer 82. The outer surface of the protective layer 82 is exposed to hot steam during operation of the steam turbine system.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Bauteil (80), welches heißem Dampf aussetzbar ist, mit einem metallischen Grundkorper (81), an den eine Schutzschicht (82) zur Erhöhung der Oxidationsoestandigkeit des Grundwerkstoffs angebunden ist, welche Schutzschicht (82) Aluminium aufweist und eine Dicke (D) von unter 50 μm besitzt.1. component (80) which can be exposed to hot steam, with a metallic base body (81) to which a protective layer (82) is connected to increase the oxidation resistance of the base material, which protective layer (82) has aluminum and a thickness (D) of less than 50 μm.
2. Bauteil (80) nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Dicke (D) der Schutzschicht (82) unter 20 μm, insbesondere unter 10 μm, betragt.2. The component (80) according to claim 1, wherein the thickness (D) of the protective layer (82) is less than 20 μm, in particular less than 10 μm.
3. Bauteil (80) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem d e Dicke (D) der Schutzschicht (32) zwischen 5 um bis 10 um betragt.3. The component (80) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the thickness (D) of the protective layer (32) is between 5 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m.
4. Bauteil (80) nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, bei dem die Schutzschicht (82) einen Anteil von über 50 Gew.; Aluminium enthalt .4. The component (80) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the protective layer (82) has a proportion of more than 50% by weight; Contains aluminum.
5. Bauteil (80) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem die Schutzschicht (82) neben dem Aluminium auch Eisen und Chrom aufweist.5. Component (80) according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the protective layer (82) in addition to the aluminum also comprises iron and chromium.
6. Bauteil (80) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Schutzschicnt (82) neben Aluminium auch Silizium, insbesondere bis 20 Gew.%, aufweist.6. Component (80) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the protective layer (82) has not only aluminum but also silicon, in particular up to 20% by weight.
7. Bauteil (80) nach einem der vornergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Grundwerksto f ein Chromstahl ist.7. Component (80) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the base material f is a chrome steel.
8. Bauteil (80) nach Anspruch 7, bei dem der Chromstahl zwischen 0,5 Gew. T bis 2,5 Gew.' Chrom oder zwischen 8 Gew." bis 12 Gew. ö Chrom, insbesondere zwischen 9 Gew.% und 10 Gew.ö, aufweist . 8. Component (80) according to claim 7, wherein the chromium steel between 0.5 wt. T to 2.5 wt. ' Chromium or between 8 wt. "To 12 Gew. Ö Chrom, in particular between 9 Gew.% And 10 Gew.ö, has.
9. Bauteil (80) nach Ansprucn 7 oder 8, bei dem der Grundwerkstoff (81) martensitiscn, ferπtisch-martensitisch oder ferritisch ist.9. Component (80) according to Claim 7 or 8, in which the base material (81) is martensitic, ferric-martensitic or ferritic.
10. Bauteil (80) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, welches eine Komponente einer Dampfturbine (20,123,125) ist, insbesondere ein Schmiedete l oder ein Gußteil.10. Component (80) according to one of the preceding claims, which is a component of a steam turbine (20, 123, 125), in particular a forged oil or a cast part.
11. Bauteil (80) nach Ansprucn 10, welches eine Turbmen- schaufei (113, 114) , ein Ventil (76), eine Turbinenwelle11. Component (80) according to Claim 10, which has a turbine valve assembly (113, 114), a valve (76), a turbine shaft
(101,32), eine Radscheibe einer Turbinenwelle, ein Verbin- dungselement, wie Schraube, eine Gehausekomponente, eine Rohrleitung (70,64) oder ähnliches ist.(101, 32), a wheel disk of a turbine shaft, a connecting element such as a screw, a housing component, a pipeline (70, 64) or the like.
12. Bauteil (80) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, welches eine Komponente eines Dampferzeugers (30) , insbesondere ein Dampferzeugerrohr (27), ist.12. Component (80) according to one of the preceding claims, which is a component of a steam generator (30), in particular a steam generator tube (27).
13. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzbeschichtung zur Erhöhung der Oxidationsbestanαigkeit auf einem Bauteil (80) , welches heißem Dampf aussetzbar ist, mit einem metallischen Grundkorper (81), der einen Grundwerkstoff aufweist, wobei a) eine unter 50μm dicke alum iumpigmenthaltige Schicht (82) aufgebracht, und b) das Bauteil (80) auf einer vorgegebenen Temperatur, die unterhalb der Anlaßtemperatur des Grundwerkstoffes liegt, zur Reaktion der Aluminium enthaltenden Schutzschicht (82) mit dem Grundwerkstoff (81) gehalten wird.13. A method for producing a protective coating to increase the oxidation resistance on a component (80) which can be exposed to hot steam, with a metallic base body (81) which has a base material, wherein a) a layer (82) containing aluminum pigment containing less than 50 μm applied, and b) the component (80) is kept at a predetermined temperature, which is below the tempering temperature of the base material, for the reaction of the aluminum-containing protective layer (82) with the base material (81).
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, bei dem das Bauteil (80) mit der Schicht (82) bei der vorgegebenen Temperatur im Bereich der Schmelztemperatur von Aluminium, insbesondere zwischen 650°C und 720°C, gehalten wird. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the component (80) with the layer (82) is kept at the predetermined temperature in the range of the melting temperature of aluminum, in particular between 650 ° C and 720 ° C.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, bei dem das Bauteil (80) der vorgegebenen Temperatur mindestens 5 Minuten, vorzugsweise über 15 Minuten, ausgesetzt wird.15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, in which the component (80) is exposed to the predetermined temperature for at least 5 minutes, preferably over 15 minutes.
16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, bei dem die Schicht (82) mit einer Dicke (D) zwischen 5 μm und 30 μm, insbesondere zwischen 10 μm und 20 um, aufgebracht wird.16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the layer (82) with a thickness (D) between 5 microns and 30 microns, in particular between 10 microns and 20 microns, is applied.
17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, bei dem die Schicht (82) als anorganiscner Hochtemperaturlack aufgebracht wird.17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the layer (82) is applied as an inorganic high-temperature paint.
18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, bei dem die Schicht (82) durch Tauchalum ierung aufgebracht wird. 18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the layer (82) is applied by immersion.
EP00931207A 1999-05-14 2000-05-12 Steam turbine component and method for producing a protective coating on the component Expired - Lifetime EP1181437B1 (en)

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US6673467B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2004-01-06 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Metallic component with protective coating
EP1541810A1 (en) * 2003-12-11 2005-06-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Use of a thermal barrier coating for a part of a steam turbine and a steam turbine
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DE50006157D1 (en) 2004-05-27
CA2372880A1 (en) 2000-11-23
JP4703857B2 (en) 2011-06-15
CN1165668C (en) 2004-09-08
EP1181437B1 (en) 2004-04-21
WO2000070190A1 (en) 2000-11-23
CN1359446A (en) 2002-07-17
JP2002544396A (en) 2002-12-24
KR20020005035A (en) 2002-01-16

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