EP1177280A1 - Procede de traitement d'un flux aqueux par electropulsation a champ parallele a l'ecoulement, chambre de pulsation et applications - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'un flux aqueux par electropulsation a champ parallele a l'ecoulement, chambre de pulsation et applicationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1177280A1 EP1177280A1 EP00920808A EP00920808A EP1177280A1 EP 1177280 A1 EP1177280 A1 EP 1177280A1 EP 00920808 A EP00920808 A EP 00920808A EP 00920808 A EP00920808 A EP 00920808A EP 1177280 A1 EP1177280 A1 EP 1177280A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- cells
- field
- electrodes
- electric field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
- C12M35/02—Electrical or electromagnetic means, e.g. for electroporation or for cell fusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor using physical processes
- A61L2/03—Electric current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/06—Hydrolysis; Cell lysis; Extraction of intracellular or cell wall material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of treating an aqueous flow colonized by cells by the application of an electric field parallel to the flow of the flow, a flow and electropulsing chamber as well as their application to cell processing. , in particular the destruction, the transmembrane transfer of molecules, the membrane fusion and the insertion of membrane proteins.
- E the intensity of the applied electric field
- f the form factor of the cell (1, 5 in the case of a sphere)
- g ( ⁇ ) is a factor (of the membrane permeability ⁇ ) linked to the conductivities of the external and internal media and to that of the membrane
- r the radius of the cell
- ⁇ the angle between the macroscopic electric field vector and the normal to the plane of the membrane at the point considered M
- ⁇ p is the charging time of the membrane capacity (of the order of a microsecond).
- t application time of the field.
- electro-waterproofing is an irreversible phenomenon which leads to cell death or electromortality [Hamilton and Sale (1967) :( 8); Sale and Hamilton (1967) :( 9), (1968) :( 10), Hulsheger et al., (1981) :( 11), (1983) :( 12); Mizuno and Hori (1988) :( 13); Kekez et al. (1996) :( 14), Grahl and Markl (1996) :( 15)].
- the pulsation chamber is filled, the flow is stopped, the field is then applied then the chamber is emptied, then it is filled again.
- the cells are stationary during the application of the field. There are therefore no hydrodynamic constraints.
- the working conditions are therefore identical to those described for fixed bed experiments.
- the flow rate is limited by the necessity of the downtime present during the application of the pulses. It is however possible to work on large volumes but for long periods.
- the advantage of the flow system is that it can process large volumes.
- the flow consists of an uninterrupted flow in the chamber and a synchronization of the pulse trains with the flow rate. It is then possible to apply a well-defined number of pulses to the cells during their residence time in the pulsation chamber.
- the method of the invention allows a total eradication of the population, while the latter, whether in flow at perpendicular field or in fixed bed, is not possible with known methods and installations.
- total permeabilization of the population of deformable spherical cells is possible, while a partial effect is obtained with known methods and installations.
- this configuration can also be advantageous for non-spherical cellular systems, for example rod cell systems which undergo the forced orientation linked to the flow constraint.
- the latter relates to a process for treating an aqueous flow colonized by cells by a pulsed electric field applied to the flow characterized in that the electric field is applied substantially parallel to the flow.
- Another object of the invention relates to a flow and pulsation chamber.
- Devices for treating aqueous flows by a field are known.
- the chamber comprises at least two electrodes capable of creating a uniform field substantially parallel to the flow flowing between them.
- One way of creating such a configuration of the field is to provide as electrodes capable of creating a uniform field parallel to the flow flowing between them, for example electrodes through which the flow flows.
- Such electrodes can be perforated plates, grids, fabrics or bars for example.
- the cross section of the pulsation chamber can have the shape in particular of a circle or a polygon or an elliptical shape. When they are of the grid or bar type, the electrodes are parallel. However, other configurations are possible which make it possible to create a uniform field parallel to the flux. Furthermore, the longitudinal section is not necessarily with parallel edges.
- the colonized flow can be subjected to hydrodynamic stress before, after or during its passage through the chamber. It is possible to envisage more complex geometries in particular of the venturi where a hydrodynamic stress will be applied during the passage through the chamber.
- Such constraints can be applied in a known manner by the choice of the configuration of the supply and outlet pipes from the flow of the chamber, as well as from the flow to the chamber, and the configuration of the chamber itself.
- the invention relates to a cell destruction process in which an colonized aqueous flow is subjected to an electric field substantially parallel to its flow. It also relates to a membrane permeabilization process of cells of a colonized aqueous flow, by application of an electric field substantially parallel to the flow.
- the present invention relates to the application of the treatment method to the transfer of nucleic acids (RNA, DNA, oligonucleotides) in cells, to the transfer of proteins into cells, to the extraction of molecules and cytoplasmic macromolecules contained in cells, cell fusion and hybrid production and / or insertion of membrane proteins.
- nucleic acids RNA, DNA, oligonucleotides
- colonized flow any flow of domestic, natural, food or utility aqueous medium comprising undesirable cells.
- These cells or microorganisms can generally be any single-celled organism developing or living in the aqueous stream. In certain cases, it is necessary to eradicate them for reasons of health or public hygiene, ecology or maintenance of industrial equipment. Thus, certain cells proliferate in certain environments and their presence or multiplication in the water and liquids to be treated is harmful to the operation of the facilities or to health or well-being.
- the colonized flow can be an aqueous medium containing cells or microorganisms producing molecules of interest, the content of which it is desired to recover or to introduce effector molecules or macromolecules on its activity (genetic modification for example).
- They may be deformable spherical cells but also any cellular system sensitive to the electric field, with a view to electromortality, and other applications of the methods of the invention, and in particular cellular systems having other configurations, such as sticks, bacteria or yeast can be treated.
- FIG. 1 illustrates, for amoebas, the results in terms of percentage of viability of the cells, by the application of pulsed electric field where the field is applied respectively in parallel to a flow (1-black), in a manner perpendicular to a flow (2-gray) and discontinuously (batch - white).
- FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate, in terms of percentage of permeabilization of the amoeba cell membrane, the effectiveness of a field applied at intensity E (kV / cm) perpendicular to the flow (flux - • - 2A ) and that of a field applied parallel to the flow (flow - • - 2B), compared to that of a field applied discontinuously (batch: -o- 2A and 2B).
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic view of a cell usable according to the invention.
- the flow is continuous.
- the method of the invention can also be implemented with a sequential flow.
- the values defining the applied electric field depend on the installation and the application planned for the process. Thus the difference in electrical potential applied between the two electrodes is a function of the intended use. It is often under the control of the distance between the two electrodes. It must cover ranges of electric fields between a few V / cm and tens of kV / cm. The intensity of the applied electric field can be chosen between 0.1 and 100 kV / cm.
- the pulse profile is optimized for the type of application. It can be of square wave, trapezoid, sinusoid, triangle or exponential decline. The pulses can be unipolar or bipolar.
- the pulse frequency is optimized for the type of application but preferably remains below 1 MHz.
- the pulsation system developed in the laboratory to implement the method of the invention comprises the following different elements: a cell reservoir provided in particular with an agitator, a peristaltic pump, a pulsation chamber and a discharge of the treated flow allowing the cells to be recovered, and means for conveying the flow from the reservoir to the chamber and from the chamber to the discharge.
- a cell reservoir provided in particular with an agitator, a peristaltic pump, a pulsation chamber and a discharge of the treated flow allowing the cells to be recovered, and means for conveying the flow from the reservoir to the chamber and from the chamber to the discharge.
- An example embodiment of the chamber will be described later in detail.
- the peristaltic pump (pump, minipuls 3, Gilson) ensures an overpressure in the cell reservoir, which makes it possible to entrain the cell suspension towards the electropulsing chamber, without passage between the rollers of the pump.
- This is equipped with a flow meter system which allows the flow to be adjusted precisely.
- the flow Q used is based on the concept of residence time so that each cell which enters the pulsation chamber undergoes the same electrical conditions. It is defined by the frequency (F), the number (N) of the pulses and by the volume (V) of the pulse chamber by the following relation:
- the throughput can be optimized for the type of application.
- the flow rate is of the order of 0.5 ml / min at several m 3 / s.
- the electrodes in both systems are connected to a high-voltage pulse generator (1.5 kV / cm, 8 Amp, programmable pulse duration from 5 ⁇ s to 24 ms, frequency from 0.1 to 10 and up to 2000 Hz in external control) connected to an oscilloscope (Enertec) thus making it possible to display the electrical parameters delivered.
- the kinetic profile of the pulses delivered by the generator is said to be in square waves, the intensity of the field remaining constant throughout the duration of the pulses (T).
- the flexibility of the electropulser allows you to modulate the voltage, duration, number and frequency of the pulses.
- the experiments were carried out on amoebas, in vegetative form (Naegleria lovaniensis Ar9M1).
- the cell size is 18.2 ⁇ m (8.5 ⁇ m - 31.5 ⁇ m) x 10.9 ⁇ m (4 ⁇ m - 21 ⁇ m). They are cultivated in axenic condition on plastic boxes at 37 ° C. and using the Chang culture medium.
- the pulsation medium used is filtered river water and having a conductance of the order of 200 ⁇ S / cm.
- the viability is evaluated 24 hours after the electrical treatment by the crystal violet staining technique.
- the permeabilization of cells is quantified by flow cytometry by the use of a naturally non-permeable fluorescent marker, propidium iodide.
- the pulsation chamber consists of two electrodes with flat stainless steel blades held parallel by insulating shims.
- the inter-electrode distance is 0.4 cm.
- the stainless steel electrodes consist of two parallel blades separated by an inter-electrode distance of 0.4 cm.
- the volume of the parallelepipedal pulsation chamber is 0.2 ml.
- the electrodes used in steel are grids made up of a mesh (80 ⁇ m x 100 ⁇ m) through which the cells pass.
- the inter-electrode distance is 0.93 cm and the volume of the pulsation chamber is 0.117 ml.
- the colonized aqueous medium is pumped from a stirred tank.
- the aqueous flow created is thus entrained in a pipe.
- the pulsation chamber delimited by the two electrodes whatever the orientation of the field is constituted by a portion of the pipe delimited by two electrodes.
- the electrodes are in the form of a grid and allow the flux to pass in the case of the parallel field.
- the electrodes are connected to an electropulsator.
- the two flow pulsation chambers have different volumes, which explains why the flow rates used to have the same electropulsing conditions are different.
- the flow rate in the case where the field is perpendicular to the flow is 1.2 ml / min and that of the configuration of the field parallel to the flow is 0.71 ml / min.
- the liquid supplied by a connector connected to a feed pump passes through the first electrode, crosses the chamber, then the second electrode before being recovered.
- the body A cylindrical hole (diameter of the order of millimeters) is drilled in a plexiglass plate (thickness from 1 to 10 mm).
- plexiglass which is an electrical insulator, any other insulating material can be envisaged, in particular those which are suitable for being molded.
- the cross section was chosen for convenience of construction (a drill).
- the longitudinal section has parallel edges, which ensures a criterion of good homogeneity of the field, therefore of cell processing.
- Electrode mesh steel wire mesh (grid) or stainless steel needles (bar) were used.
- the mesh was chosen with a fine pitch to ensure good compliance of the field. This allows cells to be treated more evenly. Any electrically conductive material can constitute the electrodes.
- the electrodes are connected to the electric pulse generator.
- the electrodes are placed against the body of the chamber.
- the seal is obtained by O-rings and a deposit of silicone.
- Figure 3 appears the flow supply pipe connected by a connector 6 to a connector holder 5. Between an external O-ring 4 and an internal O-ring 3 is held the electrode 2. The internal O-ring 3 provides sealing with the body 1. Another internal O-ring 3 'ensures the sealing with the body 1 and maintains the second electrode 2'. On the path of the flow, elements 4 ′, 5 ′, 6 ′, 7 ′ homologous to the elements 4, 5, 6, 7 above direct the flow towards the output of the device.
- the electrodes 2, 2 ' are connected to the electric pulse generator (not shown). Results
- FIGS. 2A and 2B compare the profiles of permeabilization obtained as a function of the intensity of the electric field for the two techniques in flux with respect to the profile of permeabilization obtained in batch.
- the cells in the three cases, are electropulsed by ten pulses of 10 ms delivered with a frequency of 1 Hz.
- the increase in the intensity of the electric field is correlated with an increase in the rate of permeabilization.
- the use of a field parallel to the flow gives the best results.
- the increase in the intensity of the field allows permeabilization of more than 90% of the population.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9904751A FR2792207B1 (fr) | 1999-04-15 | 1999-04-15 | Procede de traitement d'un flux aqueux par electropulsation a champ parallele a l'ecoulement, chambre de pulsation et applications |
| FR9904751 | 1999-04-15 | ||
| PCT/FR2000/000983 WO2000063355A1 (fr) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-14 | Procede de traitement d'un flux aqueux par electropulsation a champ parallele a l'ecoulement, chambre de pulsation et applications |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1177280A1 true EP1177280A1 (fr) | 2002-02-06 |
Family
ID=9544459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00920808A Withdrawn EP1177280A1 (fr) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-14 | Procede de traitement d'un flux aqueux par electropulsation a champ parallele a l'ecoulement, chambre de pulsation et applications |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6623964B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1177280A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2002541838A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2388545A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2792207B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000063355A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2815640B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-19 | 2004-01-30 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de production de proteines par electropulsation de levures |
| FR2831026B1 (fr) | 2001-10-18 | 2004-05-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif et procede de traitement par champ electrique pulse d'une substance en ecoulement colonisee par des organismes indesirables |
| AU2006342101A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-10-25 | Genetronics, Inc | Variable volume electroporation chamber and methods therefore |
| US20090246073A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Rong Yan Murphy | Apparatus and method for inline solid, semisolid, or liquid antimicrobial treatment |
| SE0800771L (sv) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-08-04 | Paer H Henriksson | Arrangemang och förfarande för oskadliggörande av mikroorganismer med ett elektriskt fält samt användningar av arrangemanget |
| FR2943892B1 (fr) * | 2009-04-07 | 2011-08-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de permeabilisation membranaire de cellules biologiques par l'utilisation d'un champ electrique pulse. |
| EP2338356A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | Südzucker Aktiengesellschaft Mannheim/Ochsenfurt | Système de réacteur pour électroporation |
| FR2972331B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-11 | 2013-04-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif pour le traitement par champ electrique pulse d'un produit |
| NL2009443C2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-12 | Top B V | Device and method for providing high voltage pulsed electric field to a fluid. |
| DE102019130510A1 (de) | 2019-11-12 | 2021-05-12 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Verfahren zur mikrobiellen Desinfektion wasserbasierter Dispersion mit flüssigen und/oder festen Inhaltsstoffen mittels Hochspannungsimpulsen |
| EP3851183A1 (fr) | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-21 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Corps composite et son utilisation en nanofiltration organophile |
| EP4352196A1 (fr) * | 2021-06-11 | 2024-04-17 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Procédé de lyse cellulaire |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE466068A (fr) * | ||||
| CH319956A (de) * | 1953-09-09 | 1957-03-15 | Loosli Hermann | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Härtebildner enthaltendem Wasser zur Verhinderung der Bildung und zur Beseitigung von festen, zusammenhängenden Krusten |
| US3933606A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1976-01-20 | Saul Gesler | Water treatment process and apparatus |
| DE3317415A1 (de) * | 1983-05-13 | 1984-11-15 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | Kammer zur behandlung von zellen im elektrischen feld |
| US4578168A (en) * | 1984-07-27 | 1986-03-25 | Biotronics | Apparatus for fusing live cells with electric fields |
| DE3538194A1 (de) * | 1985-10-26 | 1987-06-11 | Heinz Doevenspeck | Verfahren zur stoffwechsel- und/oder wachstumssteigernden behandlung von mikroorganismen sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| US4946793A (en) * | 1986-05-09 | 1990-08-07 | Electropore, Inc. | Impedance matching for instrumentation which electrically alters vesicle membranes |
| US4822470A (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1989-04-18 | Baylor College Of Medicine | Method of and apparatus for cell poration and cell fusion using radiofrequency electrical pulses |
| US4970154A (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1990-11-13 | Baylor College Of Medicine | Method for inserting foreign genes into cells using pulsed radiofrequency |
| DE3827414A1 (de) * | 1988-02-01 | 1989-08-10 | Herfurth Gmbh | Anordnung zum behandeln und/oder aufschliessen von biologischen zellstrukturen |
| JPH08511680A (ja) * | 1993-03-23 | 1996-12-10 | シービーアール・ラボラトリーズ・インコーポレーテツド | 細胞内への生物学的活性物質の封入のための方法および装置 |
-
1999
- 1999-04-15 FR FR9904751A patent/FR2792207B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 WO PCT/FR2000/000983 patent/WO2000063355A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00920808A patent/EP1177280A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-04-14 JP JP2000612434A patent/JP2002541838A/ja active Pending
- 2000-04-14 CA CA002388545A patent/CA2388545A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
2001
- 2001-10-15 US US09/975,931 patent/US6623964B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0063355A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2388545A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 |
| JP2002541838A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
| WO2000063355A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 |
| US6623964B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 |
| FR2792207B1 (fr) | 2001-06-08 |
| FR2792207A1 (fr) | 2000-10-20 |
| US20020155611A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
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