EP1173211A1 - Contraceptive compositions containing 3,3-substituted indoline derivatives and uses thereof - Google Patents
Contraceptive compositions containing 3,3-substituted indoline derivatives and uses thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP1173211A1 EP1173211A1 EP00928667A EP00928667A EP1173211A1 EP 1173211 A1 EP1173211 A1 EP 1173211A1 EP 00928667 A EP00928667 A EP 00928667A EP 00928667 A EP00928667 A EP 00928667A EP 1173211 A1 EP1173211 A1 EP 1173211A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- alkyl
- daily dosage
- substituted
- dosage units
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
Definitions
- This invention relates to regimens of administering compounds, which are antagonists of the progesterone receptor in combination with a progestin, an estrogen, or both.
- Intracellular receptors form a class of structurally related gene regulators known as "ligand dependent transcription factors" (R. M. Evans, Science, 240, 889, 1988).
- the steroid receptor family is a subset of the IR family, including progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR).
- PR progesterone receptor
- ER estrogen receptor
- AR glucocorticoid receptor
- MR mineralocorticoid receptor
- the natural hormone, or ligand, for the PR is the steroid progesterone, but synthetic compounds, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate or levonorgestrel, have been made which also serve as ligands.
- a ligand Once a ligand is present in the fluid surrounding a cell, it passes through the membrane via passive diffusion, and binds to the IR to create a receptor/ligand complex. This complex binds to specific gene promoters present in the cell's DNA. Once bound to the DNA the complex modulates the production of mRNA and protein encoded by that gene.
- PR antagonists may be used in contraception. In this context they may be administered alone (Ulmann, et al, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 261, 248, 1995), in combination with a PR agonist (Kekkonen, et al, Fertility and Sterility, 60, 610, 1993) or in combination with a partial ER antagonist such as tamoxifen (WO 96/19997, published July 4, 1996). PR antagonists may also be useful for the treatment of hormone dependent breast cancers (Horwitz, et al, Horm.
- PR antagonists may also be useful for the treatment of non-malignant chronic conditions such as fibroids (Murphy, et al, J. Clin. Endo. Metab., 76, 513, 1993) and endometriosis (Kettel, et al, Fertility and Sterility, 56, 402, 1991). PR antagonists may also be useful in hormone replacement therapy for post menopausal patients in combination with a partial ER antagonist such as tamoxifen (U.S. Patent No. 5,719,136).
- PR antagonists such as mifepristone and onapristone
- PR antagonists have been shown to be effective in a model of hormone dependent prostate cancer, which may indicate their utility in the treatment of this condition in men (Michna, et al, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Set, 761, 224, 1995).
- R 4 H, Ar, R,minister OH, 1-5 C alkoxy (opt. substd. by OH, OMe or halogen), -S(O) q Rdung, N(R,) 2 , XR practice, halogen or NHCOR,;
- X (CH 2 ) n , O, NR, or S(O) q ;
- n 0-6;
- q 0-2;
- R ⁇ H or 1-4 C alkyl;
- R 1-8 C alkyl, 2-8 C alkenyl or 2-8 C alkynyl (all optionally substituted);
- Ar (i) optionally substituted phenyl or benzo-fused group of (a) or (b); or (ii) napthyl, indoyl, pyridyl, thienyl, oxazolindyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazo
- U.S Patent No. 5,521,166 teaches cyclophasic hormonal regimens comprising an antiprogestin and a progestin wherein the progestin is administered in the alternating presence and absence of an antiprogestin.
- the disclosed regimens also provide for use of an estrogen for a period of from 2 to 4 days to prevent breakthrough bleeding.
- This invention provides combination therapies and dosing regimens utilizing antiprogestational agents in combination with one or more progestational agents. This invention further provides methods of treatment and dosing regimens further utilizing in combination with these antiprogestins and progestins, an estrogen, such as ethinyl estradiol.
- These regimens and combinations may be administered to a mammal to induce contraception or for the treatment and/or prevention of secondary amenorrhea, dysfunctional bleeding, uterine leiomyomata, endometriosis; polycystic ovary syndrome, carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the endometrium, ovary, breast, colon, and prostate.
- Additional uses of the invention include stimulation of food intake.
- the uses herein for the treatment and/or prevention of the conditions or diseases described above includes the continuous administration or periodic discontinuation of administration of the invention to allow for minimization of effective dose or minimization of side effects or cyclic menstrual bleeding.
- the use of this invention for contraception includes administration, preferably orally, to a female of child bearing age an antiprogestin in combination with an estrogen or progestin or both. These administration regimens are preferably carried out over 28 consecutive days, with a terminal portion of the cycle containing administration of no progestins, estrogens or anti-progestins.
- the progestins of these combinations may be administered alone or in combination with an estrogen for the first 14 to 24 days of the cycle, the progestins being administered at a dosage range equal in progestational activity to about 35 ⁇ g to about 1 0 ⁇ g levonorgestrel per day, preferably equal in activity to from about 35 ⁇ g to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel per day.
- An antiprogestin may then be administered alone or in combination with an estrogen for a period of 1 to 1 1 days to begin on any cycle day between day 14 and 24.
- the anti-progestin in these combinations may be administered at a dose of from about 2 ⁇ g to about 50 ⁇ g per day and the estrogen may be administered at a dose of from about 10 ⁇ g to about 35 ⁇ g per day.
- a package or kit containing 28 tablets will include a placebo tablet on those days when the antiprogestin or progestin or estrogen is not administered.
- the progestins of this invention may be administered alone or in combination with an estrogen for the initial 18 to 21 days of a 28-day cycle, followed by administration of an antiprogestin, alone or in combination with an estrogen, for from 1 to 7 days.
- the estrogen to be used in the combinations and formulations of this invention is preferably ethinyl estradiol.
- Progestational agents useful with this invention include, but are not limited to, levonorgestrel, norgestrel, desogestrel, 3-ketodesogestrel, norethindrone, gestodene, norethindrone acetate, norgestimate, osaterone, cyproterone acetate, trimegestone, dienogest, drospirenone, nomegestrol, or (17-deacetyl)norgestimate.
- progestins for use in the combinations of this invention are levonorgestrel, gestodene and trimegestone.
- Examples of orally administered regimens of this invention over a 28 day cycle include administration of a progestational agent solely for the first 21 days at a daily dose equal in progestational activity to from about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g of levonorgestrel.
- An antiprogestin compound of this invention may then be administered at a daily dose of from about 2 to 50 mg from day 22 to day 24, followed by no administration or administration of a placebo for days 25 to 28. It is most preferred that the daily dosages of each relevant active ingredient be incorporated into a combined, single daily dosage unit, totaling 28 daily units per 28- day cycle.
- a progestational agent may be coadministered for the first 21 days at a daily dose equal in progestational activity to from about 35 to about 150 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, preferably equal in activity to from about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, with an estrogen, such as ethinyl estradiol, at a daily dose range of from about 10 to about 35 ⁇ g.
- an antiprogestin administered at a daily dose of from about 2 to 50 mg from day 22 to day 24, followed by no administration or administration of a placebo for days 25 to 28.
- Still another regimen within the scope of this invention will include coadministration from days 1 to 21 of a progestational agent, the progestational agent, preferably levonorgestrel, being administered at a daily dose equal in progestational activity to from about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, and an estrogen, such as ethinyl estradiol, at a daily dose range of from about 10 to about 35 ⁇ g.
- a progestational agent preferably levonorgestrel
- an estrogen such as ethinyl estradiol
- kits or packages of pharmaceutical formulations designed for use in the regimens described herein. These kits are preferably designed for daily oral administration over a 28-day cycle, preferably for one oral administration per day, and organized so as to indicate a single oral formulation or combination of oral formulations to be taken on each day of the 28-day cycle. Preferably each kit will include oral tablets to be taken on each the days specified, preferably one oral tablet will contain each of the combined daily dosages indicated.
- one 28-day kit may comprise: a) an initial phase of from 14 to 21 daily dosage units of a progestational agent equal in progestational activity to from about 35 to about 150 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, preferably equal in progestational activity to about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel; b) a second phase of from 1 to 1 1 daily dosage units of an antiprogestin compound of this invention, each daily dosage unit containing an antiprogestin compound at a daily dosage of from about 2 to 50 mg; and c) optionally, a third phase of an orally and pharmaceutically acceptable placebo for the remaining days of the cycle in which no antiprogestin, progestin or estrogen is administered.
- a preferred embodiment of this kit may comprise: a) an initial phase of 21 daily dosage units of a progestational agent equal in progestational activity to about 35 to about 150 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, preferably equal in progestational activity to about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel; b) a second phase of 3 daily dosage units for days 22 to 24 of an antiprogestin compound of this invention, each daily dosage unit containing an antiprogestin compound at a daily dosage of from about 2 to 50 mg; and c) optionally, a third phase of 4 daily units of an orally and pharmaceutically acceptable placebo for each of days 25 to 28.
- Another 28-day cycle packaging regimen or kit of this invention comprises: a) a first phase of from 18 to 21 daily dosage units of a progestational agent equal in progestational activity to about 35 to about 150 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, preferably equal in activity to from about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, and, as an estrogen, ethinyl estradiol at a daily dose range of from about 10 to about 35 ⁇ g; and b) a second phase of from 1 to 7 daily dosage units of an antiprogestin of this invention at a daily dose of from about 2 to 50 mg; and c) optionally, an orally and pharmaceutically acceptable placebo for each of the remaining 0-9 days in the 28-day cycle in which no progestational agent, estrogen or antiprogestin is administered.
- a preferred embodiment of the kit described above may comprise: a) a first phase of 21 daily dosage units of a progestational agent equal in progestational activity to about 35 to about 150 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, preferably equal in activity to from about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, and, as an estrogen, ethinyl estradiol at a daily dose range of from about 10 to about 35 ⁇ g; and b) a second phase of 3 daily dosage units for days 22 to 24 of an antiprogestin administered at a daily dose of from about 2 to 50 mg; and c) optionally, a third phase of 4 daily dose units of an orally and pharmaceutically acceptable placebo for each of days 25 to 28.
- a further 28-day packaged regimen or kit of this invention comprises: a) a first phase of from 18 to 21 daily dosage units, each containing a progestational agent of this invention at a daily dose equal in progestational activity to about 35 to about 150 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, preferably equal in activity to from about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, and ethinyl estradiol at a daily dose range of from about 10 to about 35 ⁇ g; b) a second phase of from 1 to 7 daily dose units, each daily dose unit containing an antiprogestin of this invention at a concentration of from 2 to 50 mg; and ethinyl estradiol at a concentration of from about 10 to about 35 ⁇ g; and c) optionally, an orally and pharmaceutically acceptable placebo for each of the remaining 0-9 days in the 28-day cycle in which no progestational agent, estrogen or antiprogestin is administered.
- a preferred embodiment of the package or kit just described comprises: a) a first phase of 21 daily dosage units, each containing a progestational agent of this invention at a daily dose equal in progestational activity to about 35 to about 150 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, preferably from about 35 to about 100 ⁇ g levonorgestrel, and ethinyl estradiol at a daily dose range of from about 10 to about 35 ⁇ g; b) a second phase of 3 daily dose units for days 22 to 24, each dose unit containing an antiprogestin of this invention at a concentration of from 2 to 50 mg; and ethinyl estradiol at a concentration of from about 10 to about 35 ⁇ g; and c) optionally, a third phase of 4 daily units of an orally and pharmaceutically acceptable placebo for each of days 25 to 28.
- each pharmaceutically active component of the regimen remains fixed in each particular phase in which it is administered. It is also understood that the daily dose units described are to be administered in the order described, with the first phase followed in order by the second and third phases. To help facilitate compliance with each regimen, it is also preferred that the kits contain the placebo described for the final days of the cycle. It is further preferred that each package or kit comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable package having indicators for each day of the 28-day cycle, such as a labeled blister package or dial dispenser packages known in the art.
- anti-progestational agents anti-progestational agents
- anti-progestational agents anti-progestins and progesterone receptor antagonists
- progestins, progestational agents and progesterone receptor agonists are understood to refer to compounds of the same activity.
- These dosage regimens may be adjusted to provide the optimal therapeutic response. For example, several divided doses of each component may be administered daily or the dose may be proportionally increased or reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. In the descriptions herein, reference to a daily dosage unit may also include divided units which are administered over the course of each day of the cycle contemplated.
- Compounds of this invention that may be used as the anti-progestational agents in the kits, methods and regimens herein are those of the Formula I:
- R, and R 2 are chosen independently from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl; OH; O(alkyl); 0(substituted alkyl); OAc; aryl; optionally substituted aryl; heteroaryl; optionally substituted heteroaryl; alkylaryl; alkylheteroaryl; l-propynyl; or 3- propynyl; or R, and R 2 are joined to form a ring comprising one of the following: -CH 2 (CH 2 ) n CH 2 -; -CH 2 CH 2 CMe 2 CH 2 CH 2 - ; -0(CH 2 ) m CH 2 - ; 0(CH 2 ) p O- ; - CH 2 CH 2 0CH 2 CH 2 -; -CH 2 CH 2 N(H or alkyl)CH 2 CH 2 -; n is an integer from 0 to 5; m is an integer from 1 to 4; p is an integer from 1 to 4; or R
- R A is H, C, to C 3 alkyl, substituted C, to C 3 alkyl, C, to C 3 alkoxy, substituted C, to C 3 alkoxy, C, to C 3 aminoalkyl, or substituted C ] to C 3 aminoalkyl;
- R 4 is H, halogen, CN, NH 2 , C, to C 6 alkyl, substituted C, to C 6 alkyl, C, to C 6 alkoxy, substituted C, to C 6 alkoxy, C, to C 6 aminoalkyl, or substituted C, to C 6 aminoalkyl;
- R 5 is selected from the groups a), b) or c): a) R 5 is a trisubstituted benzene ring containing the substituents X, Y and Z as shown below:
- X is selected from halogen, OH, CN, C, to C 3 alkyl, substituted C, to C 3 alkyl, C, to C 3 alkoxy, substituted C, to C 3 alkoxy, C, to C 3 thioalkyl, substituted C, to C 3 thioalkyl, S(0)alkyl, S(0) 2 alkyl, C, to C 3 aminoalkyl, substituted C ] to C 3 aminoalkyl, N0 2 , C, to C 3 perfiuoroalkyl, 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms, COR B , OCOR B , or NR c COR B ;
- R B is H, C, to C 3 alkyl, substituted C, to C 3 alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, C, to C 3 alkoxy, substituted C, to C 3 alkoxy, C, to C 3 aminoalkyl, or substituted C, to C 3 aminoalkyl;
- R c is H, C, to C 3 alkyl, or substituted C, to C 3 alkyl: Y and Z are independent substituents taken from the group including H, halogen, CN, N0 2 , C, to C 3 alkoxy, C, to C 3 alkyl, or C> to C 3 thioalkyl; or b) R 5 is a five or six membered ring with 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms from the group including O, S, SO, S0 2 or NR 6 and containing one or two independent substituents from the group including H, halogen, CN, N0 2 and C, to C 3 alkyl, C, to C 3 alkoxy, C, to C 3 aminoalkyl, COR D , or NR E COR D ; R D is H, C, to C 3 alkyl, substituted C, to C 3 alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl,
- R E is H, C, to C 3 alkyl, or substituted C, to C 3 alkyl;
- R ⁇ is H or C, to C 3 alkyl; or
- R 5 is an indol-4-yl, indol-7-yl or benzo-2-thiophene moiety, the moiety being optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen, lower alkyl, CN, N0 2 , lower alkoxy, or CF 3 ; wherein R ⁇ , and R 7 are independently chosen from H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, cyclohexyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- a preferred set of antiprogestin compounds of this invention is depicted by structure II:
- R 5 is a disubstituted benzene ring containing the substituents X, and Y as shown below:
- X is selected from halogen, CN, C, to C 3 alkoxy, C, to C 3 alkyl, N0 2 , C, to C 3 perfiuoroalkyl, 5-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms, or C, to C 3 thioalkoxy;
- Y is a substituent on the 4' or 5 'position selected from H, halogen, CN, N0 2 , C, to C 3 alkoxy, C, to C 4 alkyl, or C, to C 3 thioalkyl; or R 5 is a five membered ring having the structure:
- R ⁇ is H, or C, to C 3 alkyl, or C, to C 4 C0 2 alkyl;
- X' is selected from halogen, CN, N0 2 , C, to C 3 alkyl or C, to C 3 alkoxy;
- Y' is selected from the group H, F, CN, N0 2 or C, to C 4 alkyl; or
- R 5 is a six-membered ring with the structure:
- X 1 is N or CX 2 ;
- X 2 is halogen, CN or N0 2 ; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the antiprogestin compounds of the formulations and regimens of this invention may contain an asymmetric carbon atom and some of the compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to optical isomers and diastereomers. While shown without respect to stereochemistry in Formula I and II the present invention includes such optical isomers and diastereomers; as well as the racemic and resolved, enantiomerically pure R and S stereoisomers; as well as other mixtures of the R and S stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- alkyl is used herein to refer to both straight- and branched-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms; "alkenyl” is intended to include both straight- and branched-chain alkyl group with 1 or 2 carbon-carbon double bonds and containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms; “alkynyl” group is intended to cover both straight- and branched-chain alkyl group with at least 1 or 2 carbon-carbon triple bonds and containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- substituted alkyl refers to alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl as just described having one or more substituents from the group including halogen, CN, OH, N0 2 , amino, aryl, heterocyclic, substituted aryl, substituted heterocyclic, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted alkyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarboxy, alkylamino, arylthio.
- substituents may be attached to any carbon of alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group provided that the attachment constitutes a stable chemical moiety.
- aryl is used herein to refer to an aromatic system which may be a single ring or multiple aromatic rings fused or linked together as such that at least one part of the fused or linked rings forms the conjugated aromatic system.
- the aryl groups include but not limited to phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, anthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and phenanthryl.
- substituted aryl refers to an aryl as just defined having 1 to 4 substituents from the group including halogen, CN, OH, N0 2 , amino, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted alkyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarboxy, alkylamino, or arylthio.
- heterocyclic is used herein to describe a stable 4- to 7-membered monocyclic or a stable multicyclic heterocyclic ring which is saturated, partially unsaturated, or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group including N, O, and S atoms.
- the N and S atoms may be oxidized.
- the heterocyclic ring also includes any multicyclic ring in which any of above defined heterocyclic rings is fused to an aryl ring.
- the heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom provided the resultant structure is chemically stable.
- heterocyclic groups include, for example, tetrahydrofuran, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, azepinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, thienyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, thiamorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, and isoquinolinyl.
- substituted heterocyclic is used herein to describe the heterocyclic just defined having 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group which includes halogen, CN, OH, N0 2 , amino, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted alkyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarboxy, alkylamino, or arylthio.
- thioalkyl is used herein to refer to the SR group, where R is alkyl or substituted alkyl, containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- alkoxy refers to the OR group, where R is alkyl or substituted alkyl, containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- aryloxy refers to the OR group, where R is aryl or substituted aryl, as defined above.
- alkylcarbonyl refers to the RCO group, where R is alkyl or substituted alkyl, containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkylcarboxy indicates the COOR group, where R is alkyl or substituted alkyl, containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- aminoalkyl refers to both secondary and tertiary amines wherein the alkyl or substituted alkyl groups, containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which may be either the same or different and the point of attachment is on the nitrogen atom.
- halogen refers to Cl, Br, F, or I.
- the antiprogestational compounds of the present invention can be used in the form of salts derived from pharmaceutically or physiologically acceptable acids or bases.
- These salts include, but are not limited to, the following salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and, as the case may be, such organic acids as acetic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, and maleic acid.
- Other salts include salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium in the form of esters, carbamates and other conventional "pro-drug" forms, which, when administered in such form, convert to the active moiety in vivo.
- the active compounds of these regimens may be combined with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, for example, solvents, diluents and the like, and may be administered orally in such forms as tablets, capsules, dispersible powders, granules, or suspensions containing, for example, from about 0.05 to 5% of suspending agent, syrups containing, for example, from about 10 to 50% of sugar, and elixirs containing, for example, from about 20 to 50% ethanol, and the like, or parenterally in the form of sterile injectable solutions or suspensions containing from about 0.05 to 5% suspending agent in an isotonic medium.
- Such pharmaceutical preparations may contain, for example, from about 25 to about 90% of the active ingredient in combination with the carrier, more usually between about 5% and 60% by weight.
- the pharmacologically active agents of this invention may be administered orally as well as by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes.
- Solid carriers include starch, lactose, dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose and kaolin, while liquid carriers include sterile water, polyethylene glycols, non-ionic surfactants and edible oils such as corn, peanut and sesame oils, as are appropriate to the nature of the active ingredient and the particular form of administration desired.
- Adjuvants customarily employed in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions may be advantageously included, such as flavoring agents, coloring agents, preserving agents, and antioxidants, for example, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, BHT and BHA.
- compositions from the standpoint of ease of preparation and administration are solid compositions, particularly tablets and hard- filled or liquid-filled capsules. Oral administration of the compounds is preferred. These active compounds may also be administered parenterally or intraperitoneally. Solutions or suspensions of these active compounds as a free base or pharmacologically acceptable salt can be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid, polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
- the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
- the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringe ability exits. It must be stable under conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacterial and fungi.
- the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oil.
- the antiprogestin compounds of this invention are prepared in a convergent manner as shown is Scheme 1, by a suitable coupling reaction.
- a palladium mediated coupling of an aryl halide with an aryl boronic acid provides the desired bi-aryl substituted target.
- the choice of the aryl halide-aryl boronic acid combination is established experimentally.
- the "right side" of the antiprogestin compounds of this invention may be prepared by following the procedure described of Letcher, R. M. et. al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 1993, Vol. 1, pp. 939 - 944.
- Scheme 2
- the right side template, 2 is prepared by condensing an appropriately substituted phenyl hydrazine and a suitable ketone to give the corresponding hydrazone. This material is cyclized to an imine in refluxing acetic acid and then reduced to the desired indoline template 2. Examples 1-7 and 10-20 were prepared by this route using the appropriate ketone.
- the right side template may be prepared as outlined in Scheme 3.
- the commercially available oxindole is di-alkylated at C-3 by using an appropriate base and the corresponding alkyl halide to give the 3,3-dialky-oxindole, 8, or the spiro-cyclic oxindole 9.
- These oxindoles are then brominated under standard conditions and the carbonyl group is reduced to the desired methylene using a hydride mediated reduction.
- the timing of the aryl coupling and the reduction of the 2- position carbonyl are established experimentally.
- the right side templates are coupled with an appropriate aryl boronic acid using an appropriate palladium (0) catalyst, Scheme 4.
- compound 10 is coupled under standard Suzuki conditions with an appropriately substituted aryl- boronic acid to afford compound 11.
- the compounds of this invention are stable semi-solids and are conveniently converted into their corresponding salts by treatment with acid.
- the racemic indolines can be separated into their enantiomers by Chiral HPLC, to provide the individual enantiomers in > 98% EE.
- This invention may be further understood by the following non-limiting examples.
- This compound was prepared according to the procedure for Example 1 using 4-bromo-phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride (5.9 g, 26.3 mmol) and 3-ethyl-2-pentanone (3.0 g, 26.3 mmol).
- Example 2 Using the standard coupling conditions given in Example 1 the title compound was prepared from 5-bromo-3,3-diethyl-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole (0.13 g, 0.45 mmol), tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0.05 g, 0.04 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (4 mL) with 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (0.09 g, 0.54 mmol) and sodium carbonate (0.15 g, 4.95 mmol) in 2 mL of water.
- Example 2 Using the standard coupling conditions given in Example 1 , the title compound was prepared using 6-bromo-4a-methyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-lH- carbazole (1.6 g, 6.0 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0.4 g, 0.35 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (30 mL) with 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (1.2 g, 7.2 mmol) and sodium carbonate (1.9 g, 18 mmol) in 10 mL water. The pure product (1.2 g,
- Example 2 Using the conditions given in Example 1 the subtitled compound was prepared from 4-bromo-phenyl hydrazine HCl (3.5 g, 15.7 mmol) and cyclohexyl methyl ketone (2.0 g, 15.7 mmol).
- Example 2 Using the standard coupling conditions given in Example 1 the title compound was prepared from 5-bromo-l,2-dihydro-2-methylspiro[cyclohexane-l,3-[3H] indole] (0.5 g, 1.65 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0.08 g, 0.07 mmol) in dimethoxy-ethane (5 mL) with 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (0.33 g, 1.98 mmol) and sodium carbonate (0.53 g, 4.95 mmol) in 5 mL water.
- Example 2 Using the standard coupling conditions given in Example 1 , the title compound was prepared from 5-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole (0.25 g, 1.1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0.08 g, 0.07 mmol) in dimethoxyethane (5 mL) with 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (0.22 g, 1.3 mmol) and sodium carbonate (0.35 g, 3.3 mmol) in 5 mL water.
- Example 2 Using the standard coupling conditions given in Example 1 , the title compound was prepared from the above bromo-oxindole (0.32 g, 1.14 mmol) tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0.08g, 0.07 mmol) and 3- chlorophenylboronic acid (0.21 g, 1.37 mmol), and sodium carbonate (0.36 g, 3.4 mmol) in water (3 mL). 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-spiro[cyclohexane-l,3-[3H]indol]-2(lH)- one (0.28 g, 80%) was obtained as a yellow solid: m.p.
- In-vitro potencies lie in the range 0.01 nM - 10,000 nM, and in-vivo potencies in the range 1 ⁇ g/kg to 100 mg/kg.
- the in-vitro biology is determined by (1) competitive radioligand Binding: using the A-form of the human progesterone receptor with progesterone as the radioligand; (2) co-transfection assay, which provides functional activity expressed as agonist EC50 and Antagonist IC50 values; and (3) a T47D cell proliferation, which is a further functional assay which also provides agonist and antagonist data.
- hPR Binding assay This assay is carried out in accordance with: Pathirana, C; Stein, R.B.; Berger, T.S.; Fenical, W.; laniro, T.;
- PRE-luciferase assay in CV- 1 cells The object of this assay is to determine a compound's progestational or antiprogestational potency based on its effect on PRE-luciferase reporter activity in CV- 1 cells co-transfected with human PR and PRE-luciferase plasmids.
- the materials methods used in the assay are as follows.
- a. Medium The growth medium was as follows: DMEM (BioWhittaker) containing 10%> (v/v) fetal bovine serum (heat inactivated), 0.1 mM MEM non-essential amino acids, lOOU/ml penicillin, lOOmg/ml streptomycin, and 2 mM GlutaMax (GIBCO, BRL).
- the experimental medium was as follows: DMEM (BioWhittaker), phenol red-free, containing 10%> (v/v) charcoal- stripped fetal bovine serum (heat-inactivated), 0.1 mM MEM non-essential amino acids, lOOU/ml penicillin, lOOmg/ml streptomycin, and 2 mM GlutaMax (GIBCO, BRL).
- DMEM BioWhittaker
- phenol red-free containing 10%> (v/v) charcoal- stripped fetal bovine serum (heat-inactivated), 0.1 mM MEM non-essential amino acids, lOOU/ml penicillin, lOOmg/ml streptomycin, and 2 mM GlutaMax (GIBCO, BRL).
- DMEM BioWhittaker
- phenol red-free containing 10%> (v/v) charcoal- stripped fetal bovine serum (heat-inactivated)
- Co-transfection is done using 1.2xl0 7 cells, 5 mg pLEM plasmid with hPR-B inserted at Sphl and BamHl sites, 10 mg pGL3 plasmid with two PREs upstream of the luciferase sequence, and 50 mg sonicated calf thymus DNA as carrier DNA in 250 ml. Electroporation is carried out at 260 V and 1,000 mF in a Biorad Gene Pulser II. After electroporation, cells are resuspended in growth medium and plated in 96-well plate at 40,000 cells/well in 200 ⁇ l. Following overnight incubation, the medium is changed to experimental medium. Cells are then treated with reference or test compounds in experimental medium.
- Huber weighting is used to downweight the effects of outliers.
- EC 50 or IC 50 values are calculated from the retransformed values.
- JMP software SAS Institute, Inc.
- JMP software is used for both one-way analysis of variance and non-linear response analyses.
- Progesterone and trimegestone are reference progestins and RU486 is the reference antiprogestin. All reference compounds are run in full dose- response curves and the EC 50 or IC 50 values are calculated. Table 1. Estimated EC50, standard error (SE), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for reference progestins from three individual studies
- Progestational activity Compounds that increase PRE-luciferase activity significantly (p ⁇ 0.05) compared to vehicle control are considered active.
- Antiprogestational activity Compounds that decrease 3 nM progesterone induced PRE-luciferase activity significantly (p ⁇ 0.05)
- EC 50 Concentration of a compound that gives half-maximal increase PRE- luciferase activity (default-nM) with SE.
- IC 50 Concentration of a compound that gives half-maximal decrease in 3 nM progesterone induced PRE-luciferase activity (default-nM) with SE. 3. T47D cell proliferation assay
- the objective of this assay is the determination of progestational and antiprogestational potency by using a cell proliferation assay in T47D cells.
- a compound's effect on DNA synthesis in T47D cells is measured.
- the materials and methods used in this assay are as follows. a. Growth medium: DMEM:F12 (1 : 1) (GIBCO, BRL) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (not heat-inactivated), lOOU/ml penicillin, lOOmg/ml streptomycin, and 2 mM GlutaMax (GIBCO, BRL). b.
- Treatment medium Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) (#51200-038GIBCO, BRL) phenol red-free supplemented with 0.5% charcoal stripped fetal bovine serum, lOOU/ml penicillin, 200 mg/ml streptomycin, and 2 mM GlutaMax (GIBCO, BRL). c. Cell culture
- Antiprogestins are tested in the presence of 0.03 nM trimegestone, the reference progestin agonist. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the medium is discarded and cells are labeled with 10 mM BrdU (Amersham Life Science, Arlington Heights, IL) in treatment medium for 4 hr. d. Cell Proliferation Assay
- BrdU incorporation is measured using a cell proliferation ELISA kit (#RPN 250, Amersham Life Science) according to manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, cells are fixed in an ethanol containing fixative for 30 min, followed by incubation in a blocking buffer for 30 min to reduce background. Peroxidase-labeled anti-BrdU antibody is added to the wells and incubated for 60 min. The cells are rinsed three times with PBS and incubated with 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate for 10-20 min depending upon the potency of tested compounds. Then 25 ⁇ l of 1 M sulfuric acid is added to each well to stop color reaction and optical density is read in a plate reader at 450 nm within 5 min. e. Analysis of Results:
- Square root-transformed data are used for analysis of variance and nonlinear dose response curve fitting for both agonist and antagonist modes. Huber weighting is used to downweight the effects of outliers.
- EC 50 or IC 50 values are calculated from the retransformed values.
- JMP software SAS Institute, Inc.
- JMP software is used for both oneway analysis of variance and non-linear dose response analyses in both single dose and dose response studies.
- Reference Compounds Trimegestone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are reference progestins and RU486 is the reference antiprogestin. All reference compounds are run in full dose-response curves and the EC 50 or IC 50 values are calculated.
- EC 50 Concentration of a compound that gives half-maximal increase in BrdU incorporation with SE
- IC 50 Concentration of a compound that gives half-maximal decrease in 0.1 trimegestone induced BrdU incorporation with SE.
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Abstract
Description
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US552631 | 1990-07-13 | ||
US18305799P | 1999-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | |
US183057P | 1999-05-04 | ||
US09/552,631 US6329416B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2000-04-19 | Combination regimens using 3,3-substituted indoline derivatives |
PCT/US2000/011748 WO2000066166A1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2000-05-01 | Contraceptive compositions containing 3,3-substituted indoline derivatives and uses thereof |
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