EP1171427A1 - Process for the preparation of 6-(perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds from urea compounds - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of 6-(perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds from urea compounds

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Publication number
EP1171427A1
EP1171427A1 EP00910177A EP00910177A EP1171427A1 EP 1171427 A1 EP1171427 A1 EP 1171427A1 EP 00910177 A EP00910177 A EP 00910177A EP 00910177 A EP00910177 A EP 00910177A EP 1171427 A1 EP1171427 A1 EP 1171427A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
alkyl
hydrogen
groups
optionally substituted
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EP00910177A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Venkataraman Kameswaran
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BASF SE
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American Cyanamid Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
    • C07D239/52—Two oxygen atoms
    • C07D239/54—Two oxygen atoms as doubly bound oxygen atoms or as unsubstituted hydroxy radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

Definitions

  • 6- (Perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds are useful as herbicidal agents and methods for their preparation are known in the art.
  • 6- (Perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds may be prepared by reacting 2- (N,N-disubstituted) amino-4- (perfluoroalkyl) -1, 3-oxazin-6-one compounds with amine compounds.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an improved process for the preparation of 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds which avoids the use of 2- (N,N-disubstituted) amino-4- (perfluoroalkyl) -1,3-oxazin- 6-one compounds .
  • the present invention provides a new process for the preparation of 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds having the structural formula I
  • n is an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 ;
  • Y is hydrogen or C j -Cgalkyl; and
  • Q is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted phenyl, benzyl, heteroaryl or methyleneheteroaryl group , which process comprises :
  • Z and Z are each independently C ⁇ -C ⁇ alky! or Z and Z x may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 7-membered ring wherein ZZi is represented by - (CH 2 ) 2 0 (CH 2 ) 2 - or -(CH 2 ) m - where m is an integer of 3 , 4, 5 or 6; Z 2 is Ci-Cgalkyl or benzyl optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with any combination of from one to three halogen, C ⁇ -Calkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl groups; and n is as described above, with an amine compound having the structural formula III
  • the 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds of formula I wherein Y is hydrogen are prepared by reacting a urea compound of formula II with an amine compound of formula III and an acid or base, preferably at a temperature ranging from about 20°C to 150°C, in the presence of a solvent .
  • the double bond in the formula II compounds is predominately in the (Z) - configuration.
  • the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of 6- (perfluoro- alkyDuracil compounds which avoids the use of 2-(N,N- disubstituted) amino-4- (perfluoroalkyl) -l,3-oxazin-6-one compounds .
  • the product formula I compounds may be isolated using conventional isolation procedures such as diluting the reaction mixture with water and separating the product or extracting the product with a suitable extraction solvent.
  • conventional extraction solvents such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, and the like, and mixtures thereof may be utilized.
  • Acids suitable for use in this invention include organic acids including, but not limited to, C 1 -C 6 alkanoic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and the like; and mineral acids including, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
  • a preferred acid is acetic acid.
  • Bases suitable for use in the process of the present invention include, but are not limited to, tri(C 1 -C 6 . alkyl) amines such as tri ethylamine, triethyla ine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like; heterocyclic tertiary amines such as 1,8-diaza- bicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo- [4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, pyridine, substituted pyridines, quinoline, substituted quinolines and the like,- and alkali metal C 1 -C 6 alkoxides such as potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and the like.
  • tri(C 1 -C 6 . alkyl) amines such as tri e
  • Preferred bases include 1, 8-diazabicyclo- [5.4.0]undec-7-ene and 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene .
  • Solvents suitable for use in step (a) of the process of this invention include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acid amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like; dialkyl sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylenes, mesitylene and the like; halogenated aromatic hydro- carbons such as chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene and the like; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane and the like; halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetra- chloride, 1, 2-dichloroethan
  • step (b) alkylation procedure comprises reacting the formula I compound wherein Y is hydrogen with an alkyl halide having the structural formula IV or a dialkylsulfate ester having the structural formula V
  • X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and Y is in the presence of a base.
  • Bases suitable for use in the alkylation procedures of this invention include conventional bases known in the art including, but not limited to, alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and the like; alkali metal C j ⁇ -C 8 alkoxides such as potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and the like; alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and the like; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like; alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide and the like; and alkaline earth metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate and the like.
  • alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and the like
  • alkali metal C j ⁇ -C 8 alkoxides such as potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and the like
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and the like
  • alkali metal carbonates such as sodium
  • Preferred formula II compounds for use in the process of this invention are those wherein
  • Z and Z x are each independently C- L -Cgal yl
  • Z 2 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl; and n is i.
  • More preferred urea compounds of formula II for use in the process of the present invention are those wherein
  • Z and Z ;L are the same and represent methyl or ethyl ;
  • Z 2 is methyl or ethyl; and n is 1.
  • Preferred formula I compounds which may be prepared by the process of the present invention are those wherein n is 1;
  • Y is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • X 4 is hydrogen, halogen or 0R 19 ;
  • X 5 is hydrogen or halogen;
  • R, R S6 , R 64 , R 69 , R 70 , R 77 and R 91 are each independently hydrogen, S0 2 R 49 , C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -Cgalkenyl, C 3 -C 6 alkynyl , phenyl or benzyl;
  • R x is hydrogen, SO 2 R 50 , C(0)R 51 , amino or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with C0 2 R 52 or C(0)R 53 ;
  • C 1 -C 8 alkyl optionally substituted with C0 2 R 54 , morpholine or C(0)R ss , or an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or organic ammonium cation ;
  • R 3 , R 66 , R 67 , R 81 , R 8S and R 89 are each independently hydrogen , C ⁇ C g alkyl, C 3 -C ⁇ alkenyl, C 3 -Cgalkynyl, NR S gR 57 , phenyl or benzyl ;
  • R 4 , R 18 , R 19 and R 65 are each independently hydrogen,
  • R 5 and R 72 are each independently Ci-Cgalkyl, C - Cghaloalkyl,
  • R 35 , R 45 , R 46 , R 63 and R 80 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • R 7 is hydrogen, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl , C 3 -C 6 alkynyl , benzyl, or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with cyano or C(0)R 62 ;
  • R 8 and R 27 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy;
  • R 9 and R 90 are each independently R 10 is hydrogen, phenyl or benzyl; R 13 , R 24 and R 36 are each independently hydrogen, or halogen; R 23 is hydrogen or ⁇ R ⁇ 3 R 64 ;
  • R 34 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl
  • R 37 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl
  • R 38 and R 3g are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl or C 3 -C 6 alkynyl
  • R 43 / R 44 , R 47 and R 48 are each independently hydrogen,
  • R 49 , R 50 and R 86 are each independently C ⁇ C g alkyl, NR 93 R 94 , C 1 -C 4 haloakyl, C 3 -C ⁇ alkenyl, C 3 -C 6 alkynyl or benzyl; R S1 , R 52 , R 53 , R S4 , R 55 , R S7 , R 5g , R 59 , R €Q , R 61 , R ⁇ 2 , R 71 , R 73 , R 74 , R 78 , R 87 and R 92
  • R 93 and R 94 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 alkyl optionally substituted with one or two
  • C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups or one cyanoalkyl group or benzyl or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one to three halogen atoms, one to three C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups, one to three C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl groups, one to three C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups, one to three C ⁇ - j haloalkoxy groups, one cyano group or one nitro group, and when R 93 and R 94 are taken together with the atom to which they are attached, they form a 5- to 12- membered monocyclic or fused bicyclic, heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl,
  • herbicidal agents which may be prepared by the process of this invention are those wherein n is 1; Y is hydrogen or methyl;
  • G is CH 2 or a bond;
  • G x is CX 5 or N;
  • G 2 is CX 4 or N;
  • X x is hydrogen, fluorine or optionally substituted with one epoxy group
  • X 3 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C0 2 R 17 , cyano, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, OR 18 or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or when X x and X 2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein X j X- or X 2 X X is represented by: -OC(R 20 ) (R 21 )0-, -CH 2 S(0) p N(R 22 )
  • X 4 is hydrogen, halogen or OR 19 ;
  • X 5 is hydrogen or halogen;
  • R, R 64 , R 69 and R 77 are each independently hydrogen
  • R x is hydrogen, SO 2 R 50 , C(0)R 51 , amino or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with C0 2 R s2 or C(0)R 53 ;
  • R 2 , Ris, R 17 / K- 26 ' ⁇ 30 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ' ⁇ 75 ⁇ 76 ⁇ 82 an R 88 are each independently hydrogen, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with C0 2 R 54 , morpholine or C(0)R 55 ;
  • R 3 , R 6S , R 67 , R 85 and R 89 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or NR 56 R S7 ;
  • R 4 , R 18 and R 19 are each independently hydrogen
  • R 5 and R 72 are each independently NR 50 R 61 or indazole;
  • R 35 R 45 R 46 an d R 8 o are each independently hydrogen or methyl ;
  • R 7 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with cyano or C(0)R 62 ;
  • R 8 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy;
  • R 9 and R 90 are each independently C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 alkyl;
  • R 13 , R 24 and R 36 are each independently hydrogen or chlorine ;
  • R 23 is ⁇ R 63 R 64 ;
  • R 34 is C ⁇ -C ⁇ haloalkyl;
  • R 37 is C 2 -C 4 alkoxyalkyl;
  • R 38 and R 39 are each independently C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl , C ⁇ C j alkyl or propargyl;
  • C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with any combi- nation of one or two halogen atoms, one or two
  • 0R 79 groups one P(O) (OR 80 ) 2 group, one 1,3- dioxolane group or one 1,3 -dioxane group, or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one halogen atom, one or two methyl groups, one methoxy group, one halomethyl group or one
  • R 43/ R 44/ R 47 nd R 48 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, or R 43 and R 44 or R 47 and R 48 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group;
  • R 49 , R so and R 86 are each independently C 1 -C 4 alkyl or NR 93 R 94 ; are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or alkyl ;
  • R 79 and R 83 are each independently hydrogen, C (0) R 8S , S0 2 R 86 , C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl , C 3 -C 4 alkenyl or C 1 -C 3 alkyl substituted with one OC (0) R 87 ,
  • R 93 and R 94 are each independently hydrogen or C ⁇ C g alkyl ; and p is 0 , 1 or 2 .
  • the process of the present invention is especially useful for the preparation of 6 - (trifluoromethyl ) uracil compounds having the structural formula VI
  • Y is hydrogen or methyl
  • X 5 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 40 is hydrogen, C(0)R 66 , C(S)R 67 , C0 2 R 68 ,
  • C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with any combination of one or two halogen atoms, one or two C 1 -C 3 alkoxy groups, one or two C 1 -C 3 haloalkoxy groups, one S0 2 R 72 group, one or two cyano groups, one C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl group, one 0S0 2 R 73 group, one or two 0R 79 groups, one P(O) (OR 80 ) 2 group, one 1, 3-dioxolane group or one 1,3 -dioxane group, or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one halogen atom, one or two methyl groups, one methoxy group, one halomethyl group or one
  • R R c R 85 and R 89 are each independently hydrogen ,
  • R S7 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • R 4 and R 8S are each independently C 1 -C 4 alkyl or NR 93 R 94
  • R 9 and R 94 are each independently hydrogen or Ci-C 8 al yl
  • R_ and R 88 are each independently hydrogen, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl or C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with C0 2 R 54 , morpholine or C(0)R 55
  • R 54 , R ss , R 60 , R 61 , R 73 and R 87 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl
  • R 72 is NRg 0 R 61 or indazole
  • R 79 and R 83 are each independently hydrogen C(0)R 85 , S0 2 R 86 , C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 4 alkenyl or
  • halogen hereinabove are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • halomethyl “Ci-C.haloalkyl”, “C 1 -C 3 haloalkoxy”, “C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy” and are defined as a methyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C.,-C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy or group substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
  • alkali metals include sodium, potassium and lithium
  • alkaline earth metals include calcium and magnesium.
  • Organic ammonium cations suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, a group consisting of a positively charged nitrogen atom joined to from one to four aliphatic groups, each containing from one to sixteen carbon atoms .
  • 5- to 12-membered monocyclic or fused bicyclic, heterocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, benzimidazole, imidazole, imidazoline-2- thione, indole, isatoic anhydride, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, purine, pyrazole, pyrrole, pyrrolidine and 1, 2, 4-triazole rings wherein each ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, C x -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, or C 1 -C 4
  • n and Z 2 are as described hereinabove with a base and a carbamoyl chloride compound having the structural formula VIII
  • Formula VII ⁇ -amino- ⁇ - (perfluoroalkyl) acrylate compounds are known in the art and may be prepared according to the procedures described in U.S. 5,777,154; Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 9, pages 513-522
  • Carbamoyl chloride compounds of formula VIII are known in the art and may be prepared by conventional procedures. In addition, certain formula VIII carbamoyl chloride compounds are commercially available.
  • X 1# X s and R 40 are as described hereinabove, may be prepared, as shown in Flow Diagram I, by cyclizing a ketone of formula IX with sulfur and ammonium hydroxide or ammonia to form a nitrobenzisothiazole of formula X, and reducing the formula X compound using conventional reducing agents such as iron in acetic acid.
  • X x , X 5 and R 41 are as described hereinabove, may be prepared, as illustrated in Flow Diagram II, by reacting a ketone of formula XI with hydroxylamine hydrochloride optionally in the presence of sodium acetate to form an oxime of formula XII, cyclizing the formula XII compound with a base such as potassium hydroxide to form a nitrobenzisoxazole of formula XIII, and reducing the formula XIII compound using conventional reducing agents such as tin (II) chloride in acetic acid.
  • a base such as potassium hydroxide
  • formula XIII nitrobenzisoxazole compounds may be prepared, as shown in Flow Diagram III, by reacting a ketone of formula XIV with hydroxylamine hydrochloride optionally in the presence of a base such as sodium acetate to form an oxime of formula XV, cyclizing the formula XV compound with 1, 1 ' -carbonyl- diimidazole in the presence of a base such as tri- ethylamine to form a benzisoxazole of formula XVI, and nitrating the formula XVI compound using conventional methods such as a nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixture.
  • FLOW DIAGRAM III FLOW DIAGRAM III
  • Formula X and XIII intermediate compounds wherein R 40 and R 41 are Cl or Br may be prepared, as shown in Flow Diagram V, by reacting a 5-nitrobenzisoxazol-3-ol or 5- nitrobenzisothiazol-3-ol of formula XVIII with phosphorous oxychloride, phosphorous oxybromide or phosphorous pentabromide .
  • Ethyl 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate (18.4 g, 100 mmol) is added to a stirred solution of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 9.6 g, 250 mmol) in N,N-dimethyl- formamide (60 mL) at 5°C under nitrogen over a 60 minute period.
  • the reaction mixture is allowed to warm to and held at room temperature for 15 minutes, cooled to 5°C, and treated with dimethylcarbamoylchloride (21.6g, 200 mmol) over a 60 minute period.
  • the resultant solution is then warmed to and held at room temperature for 2 hours, diluted with water (150 mL) , and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 150 mL) .
  • the combined organic layers are dried, filtered and concentrated, and the mineral oil layer is removed to obtain a residue.
  • a mixture of aluminum chloride (33.3 g, 25.0 mmol) in methylene chloride is cooled to about 5 °C, treated over one hour with p-methylanisole (31.6 g, 25.0 mmol) while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature below 10 °C, treated over 20 minutes with a solution of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride (50.0 g, 22.7 mmol) in methylene chloride while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature below 10 °C, warmed to and stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes, and poured onto ice.
  • the resultant aqueous mixture is treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and extracted with methylene chloride.
  • Ammonium hydroxide (350 mL of a 30% solution, 270 mmol) is added to a mixture of 2 ' -chloro-2-methoxy-5- methyl-5 ' -nitrobenzophenone (68.7 g, 22.5 mmol) and sulfur (7.57 g, 23.6 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide .
  • the resultant reaction mixture is stirred at 80 °C for 19.5 hours, cooled to 40 °C, treated with additional ammonium hydroxide (50 mL of a 30% solution) , stirred at 80 °C for 25 hours, cooled, and poured onto ice.
  • the resultant aqueous mixture is filtered to obtain the title product as a yellow solid (63.5 g, 93.9%) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses .
  • the slurry is treated with 80 g of 50% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred at 60 °C to 80 °C over one hour, cooled, and decanted to obtain a residue .
  • a mixture of the residue in ethanol is treated with potassium hydroxide (10 g) , heated overnight, cooled to room temperature, neutralized with hydrochloric acid, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue .
  • the residue is diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered.
  • the filtrate is concentrated in vacuo and chromatographed using silica gel and a 2% ethyl acetate in methylene chloride solution to give the title products as semi-solids which are identified by elemental and mass spectral analyses .
  • m-Fluorophenyl acetate (123 g, 0.798 mol) is cooled with an ice-bath, treated portionwise with aluminum chloride (150 g, 1.12 mol), stirred at 190 °C for one hour, and cooled to obtain a solid. A mixture of ice, water and hydrochloric acid, and methylene chloride are added to the solid. The resultant mixture is stirred for several minutes, and the phases are separated. The organic phase is washed sequentially with water, saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title product (99.0 g) which is identified by X H NMR spectral analysis.
  • a mixture of 6-fluoro-3 -methyl-1, 2-benzisoxazole (23.5 g, 0.156 mol) in concentrated sulfuric acid is cooled with an ice-bath, treated dropwise with 90% nitric acid (8.50 mL) while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature below 15 °C, stirred for one hour at ice-bath temperature, treated with additional 90% nitric acid (5.80 mL) , warmed to and stirred at room temperature overnight, and poured onto ice.
  • the resultant aqueous mixture is filtered to obtain a solid.
  • the solid is air- dried and dissolved in methylene chloride.
  • the resultant organic solution is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, diluted with hexanes, and filtered to give the title product as a purple solid which is identified by X H NMR spectral analysis.
  • a mixture of 5-nitro-l, 2-benzisoxazol-3-ol (4.00 g, 0.0220 mol) and phosphorus oxychloride (40.0 mL, 65.8 g, 0.429 mol) is placed in a glass bomb, heated at 150-155 °C for two hours, cooled overnight, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with methylene chloride, and brought to about pH 8 with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
  • the phases are separated.
  • the organic phase is washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue.
  • a solution of chromium (VI) oxide (91.0 g, 0.919 mol) in a water/acetic acid solution (1:4) is added portionwise to 2-chloro-2 ' -methoxy-5-nitrobenzhydrol (64.2 g, 0.219 mol) while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature at 25 °C to 35 °C.
  • the reaction mixture is then stirred at 25 °C to 35 °C for one hour, cooled, diluted with water, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue.
  • the residue is diluted with water, and extracted with methylene chloride .
  • the organic extracts are combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, mixed with silica gel (10 g) , and filtered.
  • the filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to obtain an oil .
  • a solution of the oil in a methanol/water solution is decolorized with charcoal and concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue.
  • Flash column chromatography of the solid using silica gel and a 10% to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes gradient gives a yellow solid containing two components. Flash column chromatography of the yellow solid using silica gel and a 50% to 70% methylene chloride in hexanes gradient gives the title product as a pale, yellow solid (0.870 g, mp
  • a mixture of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (100 g, 0.496 mol) in ethanol is treated portionwise with potassium tert-butoxide (55.5 g, 0.495 mol), diluted with additional ethanol, heated to reflux, treated portionwise with a solution prepared from sodium sulfide nonahydrate (60.0 g, 0.249 mol), sulfur (8.80 g, 0.274 mol) and water, refluxed for two hours, cooled to room temperature, and treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
  • the resultant acidic mixture is stirred for one hour and filtered to obtain a solid.
  • the solid is washed with water and air-dried to give the title product as a yellow powder which is identified by NMR spectral analysis .
  • a sodium ethoxide solution (previously prepared from ethanol and sodium (1.00 g, 0.0430 mol)) is cooled with an ice-acetone bath, treated portionwise with ethyl cyanoacetate (4.51 g, 0.0398 mol), stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, treated with 3-chloro-5- nitro-1, 2-benzisothiazole (4.27 g, 0.0199 mol), stirred at room temperature overnight, cooled to 0 °C, and treated dropwise with 10% hydrochloric acid (15.0 mL) . The resultant aqueous mixture is stirred at room temperature for one hour and filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with ethanol and air-dried to give the title product as a yellow solid which is identified by NMR spectral analysis .
  • OCH 2 H CH 2 OCH 2 C ⁇ CH 115 - 117
  • a suspension of 5-nitro-l, 2 -benzisothiazole (271 g, 1.50 mol) in acetic acid is heated to 80 °C to form a solution.
  • the heating source is removed and chlorine gas is added continuously over six hours at 70-80 °C until saturation of the mixture occurs .
  • the mixture is cooled to room temperature and stirred overnight . Filtration affords the title compound as a yellow crystalline solid (237 g, 73.6%) which is identified by NMR spectral analysis .
  • Ammonium hydroxide (330 ml) is added to a suspension of 2 ' , 4 ' -difluoro-2 -methoxy-5 -methyl-5 ' -nitrobenzophenone (60.0 g, 0.186 mol), sulfur (6.25 g, 0.195 mol) and N,N- dimethylformamide on an ice bath.
  • the resultant mixture is allowed to warm to 35 °C, heated gradually to 81 °C over a two hour period, cooled to room temperature, and poured into water.
  • the resultant solid is taken up in ethyl acetate and N,N-dimethylformamide, and washed with water.
  • the organic layer is concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound which is identified by NMR spectral analysis.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
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  • Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)

Abstract

An improved process for the preparation of 6-(perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds having structural formula (I) from urea compounds having structural formula (II).

Description

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 6- (PERFLUOROALKYL)URACIL COMPOUNDS FROM UREA COMPOUNDS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 6- (Perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds are useful as herbicidal agents and methods for their preparation are known in the art. 6- (Perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds may be prepared by reacting 2- (N,N-disubstituted) amino-4- (perfluoroalkyl) -1, 3-oxazin-6-one compounds with amine compounds.
Bull. Soc. Chem. Belg. , 201(4), pages 313-321 (1992) discloses that 2- (N,N-dialkyl) mino-4- (trifluoromethyl) - l,3-oxazin-6-one compounds are prepared by reacting ethyl 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate with phosgene i inium chloride compounds. However, this method is not entirely satisfactory because the required phosgene iminium chloride compounds are difficult to handle and relatively expensive. Accordingly, a need exists in the art for an improved process for the preparation of 6- (perfluoro- alkyl) uracil compounds which avoids the use of 2-(N,N- disubstituted) amino-4- (perfluoroalkyl) -1, 3-oxazin-6-one compounds .
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved process for the preparation of 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds which avoids the use of 2- (N,N-disubstituted) amino-4- (perfluoroalkyl) -1,3-oxazin- 6-one compounds .
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description below and the appended claims. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a new process for the preparation of 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds having the structural formula I
Y
O
(I) wherein n is an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 ; Y is hydrogen or Cj-Cgalkyl; and Q is a C1-C6alkyl group or an optionally substituted phenyl, benzyl, heteroaryl or methyleneheteroaryl group , which process comprises :
(a) reacting a urea compound having the structural formula II
Z Z,
(ID
wherein
Z and Z, are each independently C^-C^alky! or Z and Zx may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 7-membered ring wherein ZZi is represented by - (CH2) 20 (CH2) 2- or -(CH2)m- where m is an integer of 3 , 4, 5 or 6; Z2 is Ci-Cgalkyl or benzyl optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with any combination of from one to three halogen, C^-Calkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl groups; and n is as described above, with an amine compound having the structural formula III
QNH2 (III)
wherein Q is as described above in the presence of an acid or base to form the 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compound of formula I wherein Y is hydrogen; and
(b) optionally alkylating the formula I compound wherein Y is hydrogen, to form a formula I compound wheren Y is alkyl.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds of formula I wherein Y is hydrogen are prepared by reacting a urea compound of formula II with an amine compound of formula III and an acid or base, preferably at a temperature ranging from about 20°C to 150°C, in the presence of a solvent . In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the double bond in the formula II compounds is predominately in the (Z) - configuration.
Advantageously, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of 6- (perfluoro- alkyDuracil compounds which avoids the use of 2-(N,N- disubstituted) amino-4- (perfluoroalkyl) -l,3-oxazin-6-one compounds .
The product formula I compounds may be isolated using conventional isolation procedures such as diluting the reaction mixture with water and separating the product or extracting the product with a suitable extraction solvent. In the isolation procedure, conventional extraction solvents such as diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, and the like, and mixtures thereof may be utilized.
Acids suitable for use in this invention include organic acids including, but not limited to, C1-C6alkanoic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and the like; and mineral acids including, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like. A preferred acid is acetic acid.
Bases suitable for use in the process of the present invention include, but are not limited to, tri(C1-C6. alkyl) amines such as tri ethylamine, triethyla ine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like; heterocyclic tertiary amines such as 1,8-diaza- bicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) , 1, 5-diazabicyclo- [4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) , 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, pyridine, substituted pyridines, quinoline, substituted quinolines and the like,- and alkali metal C1-C6alkoxides such as potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and the like. Preferred bases include 1, 8-diazabicyclo- [5.4.0]undec-7-ene and 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene . Solvents suitable for use in step (a) of the process of this invention include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acid amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like; dialkyl sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylenes, mesitylene and the like; halogenated aromatic hydro- carbons such as chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene and the like; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane and the like; halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetra- chloride, 1, 2-dichloroethane and the like; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, sec-propanol and the like; alkanoic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and the like; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and the like; ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like; and water; and mixtures thereof. It should be understood that a solvent should be chosen which does not adversely react with the acid or base. In particular, an alkanoic acid generally would not be a suitable solvent when a base is used.
Alkylation procedures suitable for use in this invention include conventional procedures known in the art. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the step (b) alkylation procedure comprises reacting the formula I compound wherein Y is hydrogen with an alkyl halide having the structural formula IV or a dialkylsulfate ester having the structural formula V
0
II
XY or YOSOY
( IV) II
0
(V)
wherein X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and Y is in the presence of a base.
Bases suitable for use in the alkylation procedures of this invention include conventional bases known in the art including, but not limited to, alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and the like; alkali metal Cj^-C8alkoxides such as potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and the like; alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and the like; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like; alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide and the like; and alkaline earth metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate and the like.
Preferred formula II compounds for use in the process of this invention are those wherein
Z and Zx are each independently C-L-Cgal yl;
Z2 is C1-C4alkyl; and n is i.
More preferred urea compounds of formula II for use in the process of the present invention are those wherein
Z and Z;L are the same and represent methyl or ethyl ;
Z2 is methyl or ethyl; and n is 1.
Preferred formula I compounds which may be prepared by the process of the present invention are those wherein n is 1;
Y is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl ;
G is CH2 or a bond; G1 is CX5 or N; G2 is CX4 or N; X1 is hydrogen, halogen or a C^Cgalkyl group optionally substituted with one epoxy group , X2 is hydrogen, halogen RRιr C02R2, C(0)R3, OR4, S02R5, S02NR6R7, C(Rβ) (OR9)2, C (R10) =NOR11# C (R12) =C (R13) - C ( OR14 ) =NOR15 , CH20 - NC02R16 ,
1, 3-dioxolane optionally substituted with one C1-C6alkoxy group or one or two C1-C4alkyl groups , 1, 3-dioxolinone optionally substituted with one C^-C8alkoxy group or one or two C1-C4alkyl groups , or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with one C02R2 group and one halogen atom, and X3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4haloalkyl, C02R17, cyano,
C1-C4haloalkoxy, OR18 or C,-C4alkyl, or when X-_ and X2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein X^ or X2X1 is represented by. -OC(R20) (R21)0-, -CH2S(0)pN(R22)-, -SC(R23)=N-, -CH=CH- CH(R11)0-, -OC(0)N-, -SC(R24)=N-, -ON (R25) C (O) - , -OC(C02R26)=C(R27) -, -NC(R28)=C(SR29)-, -CH=C (CO2R30) O- , -CH2CH(R31)0- or -OC (R32) (R33) C (0) - , or when X2 and X3 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein X2X3 or X3X2 is represented by: -NC(R34)=NC(S)-, -N(R35)N=C(R36)-, -N (R37) C (R38) =N- , -N(R38)C(0)CH20-, -N (R39) C (O) CH=CH- , -S-N=C (R40) - ,
-0-N=C(R41) -, -N=N-N(R42) -, -C (R43) (R44) C (0) N (R45) - or -N(R4S)C(0)C(R47) (R48)-; X4 is hydrogen, halogen or 0R19; X5 is hydrogen or halogen; R, RS6, R64, R69, R70, R77 and R91 are each independently hydrogen, S02R49, C1-C4alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, C3-Cgalkenyl, C3-C6alkynyl , phenyl or benzyl; Rx is hydrogen, SO2R50, C(0)R51, amino or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with C02R52 or C(0)R53; R2, R16, R17, R26, R30, R68, R75, R7S, R82 and R88 are each independently hydrogen, C^Cghaloalkyl, C3-C8alkenyl, C3-Cεalkynyl, phenyl, benzyl, fur furyl, pyridyl, thienyl ,
C1-C8alkyl optionally substituted with C02R54, morpholine or C(0)Rss, or an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium or organic ammonium cation ; R3, R66, R67, R81, R8S and R89 are each independently hydrogen , C^Cgalkyl, C3-Cεalkenyl, C3-Cgalkynyl, NRSgR57, phenyl or benzyl ; R4, R18, R19 and R65 are each independently hydrogen,
C^Cgalkyl, C3-C6alkenyl , C3 - C6alkynyl , C1-C4haloalkyl, C(0)R58 , C(S)RS9 or benzyl; R5 and R72 are each independently Ci-Cgalkyl, C - Cghaloalkyl,
NR60R61, imidazole or indazole;
■^•6' ll / R-12 ' ^14' ^15' °20 ' ^21' -^22' ^25' ^28' "-29' ^31' -^32' ^33 '
R35, R45, R46, R63 and R80 are each independently hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl;
R7 is hydrogen, C3-C6alkenyl , C3-C6alkynyl , benzyl, or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with cyano or C(0)R62; R8 and R27 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy;
R9 and R90 are each independently R10 is hydrogen, phenyl or benzyl; R13, R24 and R36 are each independently hydrogen, or halogen; R23 is hydrogen or ΝRβ3R64;
R34 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl; R37 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C2-C8alkoxyalkyl; R38 and R3g are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C3-C6alkenyl or C3-C6alkynyl; R40, R41 and R42 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, OR6S, C(0)R66, C(S)R67, C02R68, C(=N0R69) , a C1-C8alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, C2-C8alkenyl or C2-C8alkynyl group, wherein each group is optionally substituted with any combination of one to six halogen atoms, one to three C^C^- alkoxy groups, one or two groups, one or two NR70R71 groups, one or two 3(0)^2 groups, one or two cyano groups, one or two C3-C7cycloalkyl groups, one 0S02R73 group, one or two C(0)R74 groups, one or two C02R75 groups, one or two C(0)SR76 groups, one or two C(0)NR77R78 groups, one to three 0R79 groups, one or two P(O) (OR80)2 groups, one 1, 3-dioxolane optionally substituted with one to three C1-C4alkyl groups, or one 1,3 -dioxane optionally substituted with one to three C1-C4alkyl groups, or phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with any combination of one to three halogen atoms, one to three groups, one to three Cx-
C6alkoxy groups, one C3-C7cycloalkyl group, one C1-C4haloalkyl group, one Cx-C4alkylthio group, one cyano group, one nitro group, one C(0)R81 group, one C02R82 group, one 0R83 group, one SR84 group, one group, one hydroxymethyl group, one C3-C8alkenyloxymethyl group, or one Ci-Cghaloalkoxymethyl group; R43/ R44, R47 and R48 are each independently hydrogen,
C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C3-C3alkenyl, C3-C3alkynyl or C3-C7cycloalkyl, or R43 and R44 or R47 and R48 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a C3-C7cycloalkyl group; R49, R50 and R86 are each independently C^Cgalkyl, NR93R94, C1-C4haloakyl, C3-Cεalkenyl, C3-C6alkynyl or benzyl; RS1, R52, R53, RS4, R55, RS7, R5g , R59, R€Q, R61, Rβ2, R71 , R73, R74, R78, R87 and R92 are each independently hydrogen, C3-C6alkenyl, C3-C6alkynyl, phenyl or benzyl; R79, R83 and R84 are each independently hydrogen, C(0)R85, S02R86, C^Cghaloalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl,
C3-C8cycloalkenyl, C2 - C6alkynyl , phenyl, benzyl, or C1-C10alkyl optionally substituted with one hydroxyl, benzyloxy, 0C(0)R87, C^Cgalkoxy, C02R88, C(0)R89, C(OR90)2, C(0)NR91R92 or cyano group; R93 and R94 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4haloalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C1-C8alkyl optionally substituted with one or two
C1-C4alkoxy groups or one cyanoalkyl group, or benzyl or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one to three halogen atoms, one to three C1-C4alkyl groups, one to three C1-C4haloalkyl groups, one to three C1-C4alkoxy groups, one to three C^- jhaloalkoxy groups, one cyano group or one nitro group, and when R93 and R94 are taken together with the atom to which they are attached, they form a 5- to 12- membered monocyclic or fused bicyclic, heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl,
C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy and C1-C4haloalkylsulfonyl groups ; and p and q are each independently 0, 1 or 2 ; and the optical isomers, diastereomers and/or tautomers thereof.
More preferred formula I herbicidal agents which may be prepared by the process of this invention are those wherein n is 1; Y is hydrogen or methyl;
G is CH2 or a bond; Gx is CX5 or N; G2 is CX4 or N;
Xx is hydrogen, fluorine or optionally substituted with one epoxy group; X2 is hydrogen, halogen NRRlf C02R2, C(0)R3, OR4, S02R5, S02NR6R7, C(R8) (OR9)2, C(R10)=ΝORX1, C (R12) =C (R13) - C(0R14)=N0R1S, CH20-NC02R16,
1, 3-dioxolane optionally substituted with one Ci-C8alkoxy group or one or two C1-C4alkyl groups , 1, 3-dioxolinone optionally substituted with one Ci-Cgalkoxy group or one or two C1-C4alkyl groups , or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with one C02R2 group and one halogen atom, and X3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4haloalkyl, C02R17, cyano, C1-C4haloalkoxy, OR18 or C1-C4alkyl, or when Xx and X2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein XjX- or X2XX is represented by: -OC(R20) (R21)0-, -CH2S(0)pN(R22)-, -SC(R23)=N-, -CH=CH-CH(R11)0-, -OC(0)N-, -SC(R24)=N-, -ON (R25) C (0) - ,
-OC(C02R26)=CH-, -NC(R28)=C(SR29)-, -CH=C (CO2R30) 0- , -CH2CH(R31)0- or -OC (R32) (R33) C (0) - , or when X2 and X3 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein X2X3 or X3X2 is represented by: -NC(R34)=NC(S)-, -N(R35)N=C(R3S)-, -N (R37) C (R38) =N- , -N(R38)C(0)CH2O-, -N(R39)C(0)CH=CH-, -S-N=C (R40) - ,
-0-N=C(R41) -, -N=N-N(R42) -, -C (R43) (R44) C (0) N (R4S) - or
-N(R46)C(0)C(R47) (R48)-; X4 is hydrogen, halogen or OR19; X5 is hydrogen or halogen;
R, R64, R69 and R77 are each independently hydrogen,
S02R49 or C1-C4alkyl; Rx is hydrogen, SO2R50, C(0)R51, amino or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with C02Rs2 or C(0)R53; R2, Ris, R17/ K-26 ' ^30 ^6β' ^75 ^76 ^82 an R88 are each independently hydrogen, C3-C6alkenyl or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with C02R54, morpholine or C(0)R55; R3, R6S, R67, R85 and R89 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or NR56RS7;
R4, R18 and R19 are each independently hydrogen,
C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C(0)R58, C3-C4alkenyl or C3-C4alkynyl; RS6 is S02R49; Rs7 is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl;
R5 and R72 are each independently NR50R61 or indazole;
■^6' *^11 ' ^-12 ' ^14' ^15 ' ^20' *-21 ' ''^■22' *~2S I -^-28' ^29' 31 ' ^32 ' ^33'
R 35 R 45 R 46 and R 8o are each independently hydrogen or methyl ; R7 is C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with cyano or C(0)R62; R8 is hydrogen or C1-C4alkoxy; R9 and R90 are each independently C1-C4alkyl; R10 is hydrogen or C1-C3alkyl; R13, R24 and R36 are each independently hydrogen or chlorine ; R23 is ΝR63R64; R34 is C^-C^haloalkyl; R37 is C2-C4alkoxyalkyl; R38 and R39 are each independently C1-C3haloalkyl , C^Cjalkyl or propargyl; R40, R41 and R42 are each independently hydrogen, C(0)R66, C(S)R67, C02R68, C(=N0R69) ,
C1-C3alkyl optionally substituted with any combi- nation of one or two halogen atoms, one or two
C1-C3alkoxy groups, one or two C1-C3haloalkoxy groups, one S02R72 group, one or two cyano groups, one C3-C5cycloalkyl group, one 0S02R73 group, one C(0)R74 group, one C02R7S group, one C(0)SR76 group, one C(0)NR77R78 group, one to two
0R79 groups, one P(O) (OR80) 2 group, one 1,3- dioxolane group or one 1,3 -dioxane group, or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one halogen atom, one or two methyl groups, one methoxy group, one halomethyl group or one
OR83 group; R43/ R44/ R47 nd R48 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, or R43 and R44 or R47 and R48 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group;
R49, Rso and R86 are each independently C1-C4alkyl or NR93R94; are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or alkyl ;
R79 and R83 are each independently hydrogen, C (0) R8S, S02R86 , C1-C4haloalkyl , C3-C4alkenyl or C1-C3alkyl substituted with one OC (0) R87,
C02R88 , C (0) R89 , C (OR90) 2 or cyano group ; R93 and R94 are each independently hydrogen or C^Cgalkyl ; and p is 0 , 1 or 2 .
The process of the present invention is especially useful for the preparation of 6 - (trifluoromethyl ) uracil compounds having the structural formula VI
(VI :
wherein
Y is hydrogen or methyl ;
X5 is hydrogen or halogen;
R40 is hydrogen, C(0)R66, C(S)R67, C02R68,
C1-C3alkyl optionally substituted with any combination of one or two halogen atoms, one or two C1-C3alkoxy groups, one or two C1-C3haloalkoxy groups, one S02R72 group, one or two cyano groups, one C3-C5cycloalkyl group, one 0S02R73 group, one or two 0R79 groups, one P(O) (OR80)2 group, one 1, 3-dioxolane group or one 1,3 -dioxane group, or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one halogen atom, one or two methyl groups, one methoxy group, one halomethyl group or one
OR83 group ;
R Rc R85 and R89 are each independently hydrogen ,
C -C4alkyl or NRSgR5
RS7 is hydrogen or C1 -C4alkyl ; R4 and R8S are each independently C1-C4alkyl or NR93R94 ; R9 and R94 are each independently hydrogen or Ci-C8al yl ; R_ and R88 are each independently hydrogen, C3-C6alkenyl or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with C02R54 , morpholine or C(0)R55; R54, Rss, R60, R61, R73 and R87 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl; R72 is NRg0R61 or indazole; R79 and R83 are each independently hydrogen C(0)R85, S02R86, C1-C4haloalkyl, C3-C4alkenyl or
C1-C3alkyl substituted with one OC(0)R87, C02R88, C(0)R89, C(OR90)2 or cyano group; R80 is hydrogen or methyl; and R90 is C1-C4alkyl.
Exemplary of halogen hereinabove are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. The terms "halomethyl", "Ci-C.haloalkyl", "C1-C3haloalkoxy", "C1-C4haloalkoxy" and are defined as a methyl, C1-C4alkyl, C.,-C8alkyl, C1-C3alkoxy, C1-C4alkoxy or group substituted with one or more halogen atoms. In formula I above, alkali metals include sodium, potassium and lithium, and alkaline earth metals include calcium and magnesium. Organic ammonium cations suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, a group consisting of a positively charged nitrogen atom joined to from one to four aliphatic groups, each containing from one to sixteen carbon atoms . In formula I above, 5- to 12-membered monocyclic or fused bicyclic, heterocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, benzimidazole, imidazole, imidazoline-2- thione, indole, isatoic anhydride, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, purine, pyrazole, pyrrole, pyrrolidine and 1, 2, 4-triazole rings wherein each ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, Cx-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy, or C1-C4haloalkylsulfonyl groups. Starting formula II urea compounds may be prepared by reacting a β-amino-β- (perfluoroalkyl) acrylate compound having the structural formula VII
NH2
(VII )
wherein n and Z2 are as described hereinabove with a base and a carbamoyl chloride compound having the structural formula VIII
(VIII)
wherein Z and Z2 are as described hereinabove .
Formula VII β-amino-β- (perfluoroalkyl) acrylate compounds are known in the art and may be prepared according to the procedures described in U.S. 5,777,154; Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 9, pages 513-522
(1972) ; and Institute of Chemistry, Urals Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Sverdlovsk, pages 1442-1447 (1987) - English translation of Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, 22(8) , pages 1603-1609 (1986) .
Carbamoyl chloride compounds of formula VIII are known in the art and may be prepared by conventional procedures. In addition, certain formula VIII carbamoyl chloride compounds are commercially available.
Amine compounds having the structural formula IIla
( I I Ia )
wherein X1# Xs and R40 are as described hereinabove, may be prepared, as shown in Flow Diagram I, by cyclizing a ketone of formula IX with sulfur and ammonium hydroxide or ammonia to form a nitrobenzisothiazole of formula X, and reducing the formula X compound using conventional reducing agents such as iron in acetic acid.
FLOW DIAGRAM I
(IX)
(X) FLOW DIAGRAM I (cont.)
[H]
:illa)
Starting amine compounds having the structural formula IIlb
(IHb)
wherein Xx, X5 and R41 are as described hereinabove, may be prepared, as illustrated in Flow Diagram II, by reacting a ketone of formula XI with hydroxylamine hydrochloride optionally in the presence of sodium acetate to form an oxime of formula XII, cyclizing the formula XII compound with a base such as potassium hydroxide to form a nitrobenzisoxazole of formula XIII, and reducing the formula XIII compound using conventional reducing agents such as tin (II) chloride in acetic acid.
FLOW DIAGRAM II
(XI)
NH2OH' HCl
(XII)
Base
(XIII) FLOW DIAGRAM II (cont . )
[H]
( IHb)
Alternatively, formula XIII nitrobenzisoxazole compounds may be prepared, as shown in Flow Diagram III, by reacting a ketone of formula XIV with hydroxylamine hydrochloride optionally in the presence of a base such as sodium acetate to form an oxime of formula XV, cyclizing the formula XV compound with 1, 1 ' -carbonyl- diimidazole in the presence of a base such as tri- ethylamine to form a benzisoxazole of formula XVI, and nitrating the formula XVI compound using conventional methods such as a nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixture. FLOW DIAGRAM III
NH2OH HCl
(XVI )
HN03/H2S04
(XIII )
Intermediate compounds of formulas X and XIII wherein R40 and R41 are 0R6S may be prepared, as shown in Flow Diagram IV, by nitrating a benzisoxazol-3-ol or benzisothiazol-3-ol of formula XVII with a conventional nitrating agent such as a nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixture to form a 5-nitrobenzisoxazol-3-ol or 5- nitrobenzisothiazol-3-ol of formula XVIII, and reacting the formula XVIII compound with an electrophile of formula XIX in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate .
FLOW DIAGRAM IV
(XVII ) (J = 0 or S )
HN03/H2S04
(XVI II ) FLOW DIAGRAM IV (cont.)
Base XRes
(XIX)
(X = Cl, Br or I)
Formula X and XIII intermediate compounds wherein R40 and R41 are Cl or Br may be prepared, as shown in Flow Diagram V, by reacting a 5-nitrobenzisoxazol-3-ol or 5- nitrobenzisothiazol-3-ol of formula XVIII with phosphorous oxychloride, phosphorous oxybromide or phosphorous pentabromide .
FLOW DIAGRAM V
(XVIII) (J = O or S)
P0C13 , POBr3 or PBr.
Other methods for the preparation of formula Ilia and IIlb amine compounds will become apparent from the examples set forth below. In addition, certain compounds of formulas Ilia, IIlb, X and XIII may be converted into other compounds of formulas Ilia, IIlb, X and XIII by using conventional procedures known to those skilled in the art .
Other formula III amine compounds are known in the art and may be prepared according to the procedures described in EP 561319-A; EP 540023-A; EP 545206-A; EP 542685-A; EP 473551-A; EP 476697-A; EP 489480-A; EP 496595-A; EP 420194-A; EP 648749-A; EP 705829-A; EP 714602-A; JP 9241245; JP 9301973; U.S. 5,169,430; U.S. 5,310,723; U.S. 5,324,854; U.S. 5,391,541; U.S. 5,399,543; U.S. 5,484,763; U.S. 5,523,278; U.S. 5,602,077; U.S. 5,661,108; WO 93/14073; WO 94/10155;
WO 94/24128 WO 91/07393 WO 91/107392; WO 95/04461; WO 95/05079 WO 95/05080 WO 95/17096 WO 95/25725 WO 95/29168 WO 95/32952 WO 95/33746 WO 96/02518 WO 96/08151 WO 96/14315 WO 96/28442 WO 96/34859 WO 96/35679 WO 97/01541 WO 97/01542 WO 97/05118 WO 97/07105 WO 97/08170 WO 97/08171 WO 97/08953 WO 97/12884 WO 97/12886 WO 97/29094 WO 97/29105 WO 97/34484 WO 97/35845 WO 97/42176 WO 97/42188 WO 97/45418 WO 97/47607 WO 98/02422 WO 98/06706 WO 98/08824 WO 98/27057 WO 98/27067, WO 98/27082 and WO 98/27088, among others.
In order to facilitate a further understanding of this invention, the following examples are presented primarily for the purpose of illustrating more specific details thereof. The scope of the invention should not be deemed limited by the examples but encompasses the entire subject matter defined in the claims. EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of Ethyl 3- C (N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl) amino] 4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate, (Z) -
CF3. r" "C02 2H5 H3C
+ N—
NH2 \
H3C Cl
N J^.
/N
H3C CH3
Ethyl 3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate (18.4 g, 100 mmol) is added to a stirred solution of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 9.6 g, 250 mmol) in N,N-dimethyl- formamide (60 mL) at 5°C under nitrogen over a 60 minute period. The reaction mixture is allowed to warm to and held at room temperature for 15 minutes, cooled to 5°C, and treated with dimethylcarbamoylchloride (21.6g, 200 mmol) over a 60 minute period. The resultant solution is then warmed to and held at room temperature for 2 hours, diluted with water (150 mL) , and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 150 mL) . The combined organic layers are dried, filtered and concentrated, and the mineral oil layer is removed to obtain a residue. Flash column chromatography of the residue on silica gel using a 85:15 hexanes/ethyl acetate solution gives the title product as a yellow liquid (18.1 g, 71% yield): XH NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 9.18 (S,1H), 5.85 (s, IH) , 4.20 (q, 2H) , 2.89 (s, 6H) , 1.18 (t, 3H) ; 19F MR δ -65.7 (s) . Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained :
CF, 02Z2
.N.
(Z) - configuration
z Zi z2 mp(°C) Yield (%)
C2H5 C2H5 C2HE yellow oil 88
-(CH2)4- C2H5 54-57 37
CH3 CH3 CH3
C2H5 C2H5 CH3
• (CH2)4- CH3
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of 3- (3 -Methyl-1, 2-benzoisothiazol-5-yl) -6- (trifluoromethyl) -2,4 (IH, 4H) -pyrimidinedione
CF.
A solution of ethyl 3- [ (N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl) - amino] -4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate, (Z)- (1.15 g. 4.5 mmol) and 5 -amino-3 -methyl-1, 2-benzoisothiazole (0.75 g, 4.5 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (7 mL) is held at gentle reflux for 1 hour, cooled, and diluted with water. The resultant aqueous mixture is filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with water and dried to give the title product (1.3 g, 88% yield) which is identified by : H and 19F NMR spectral analyses .
Following essentially the same procedure, but using the appropriate reagents, the following compounds are obtained: CF,
Acid/Base Solvent Color/State/mp CO Yield (%)
CH, CH,
CH3C02H CH3C02H white solid 92
Z Zx 2 Acid/Base Solvent Color/State/mp CO Yield (%)
C2H5 C2H5 CH3C02H CH3C02H white solid 92
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of 2 ' -Chloro-2-methoxy-5-methyl-5' nitrobenzophenone
CH.
A mixture of aluminum chloride (33.3 g, 25.0 mmol) in methylene chloride is cooled to about 5 °C, treated over one hour with p-methylanisole (31.6 g, 25.0 mmol) while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature below 10 °C, treated over 20 minutes with a solution of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride (50.0 g, 22.7 mmol) in methylene chloride while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature below 10 °C, warmed to and stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes, and poured onto ice. The resultant aqueous mixture is treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic extract is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in -vacuo to give a yellow solid. After placing the solid in a Kugelrohr apparatus at 40 °C to remove residual p-methylanisole, the title product is obtained as a beige solid (68.8 g, 99.1%) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses. Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
Cl H
Cl H H I H H OCH3 115-116.5
Cl H H H CH3 H OCH3
Cl H H H C2HS H H
Cl H H CH3 CH3 H OCH3
Cl H H H OCH3 H H 108-112
Cl H H C2H5 H H OCH3 98-99.5
Cl H H H OCH3 H CH3 91-92
Cl H H H CH3 H H 95.5-96.5
Cl H H H SCH3 H H 127-128
Cl H H H CH3 H OCH3 91-92.5
Cl H H H C2H5 H H
Cl H H H Cl H H 88.5-90.5
Cl H H H F H H 68-69.5
Cl H H Cl H H OCH3 124-126
Cl H H OCH3 H H OCH3 71-73
Cl H H H OCH3 H OCH3 98-100
Cl H H CH3 CH3 H OCH3 127-129
Cl H H H Cl H OCH3 96-99
Cl H CH3 H CH3 H OCH3 108.5-110
Cl H H H H CH, OCH, 71-74
Cl H H H N(CH3)- H H S02CH3
Cl H H CH3 Cl H OCH3 126-128
Cl H H CH3 H CH3 OCH3 110-112
Cl H CH3 CH3 CH3 H OCH3 104-106
Cl H H CH(CH3)2 H H OCH3 69-71
Cl H H CH3 H H H
Cl H H H H H CN
Cl H H H H H OCH3
Cl H H OCH3 H H H
Cl H H F H H OCH3
Cl H H H F H OCH3
Cl H H H H H SCH3
Cl H H H H H CH3
Cl H H H H H F
Cl H H SCH3 H H H
Cl H H H OCH3 H H
Cl H H "(CH2)3- H OCH3
Cl F H H H H H
F F H CH, H H OCH,
EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of 3- (6-Methoxy-m-tolyl) -5-nitro-l, 2 benzisothiazole
Ammonium hydroxide (350 mL of a 30% solution, 270 mmol) is added to a mixture of 2 ' -chloro-2-methoxy-5- methyl-5 ' -nitrobenzophenone (68.7 g, 22.5 mmol) and sulfur (7.57 g, 23.6 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide . The resultant reaction mixture is stirred at 80 °C for 19.5 hours, cooled to 40 °C, treated with additional ammonium hydroxide (50 mL of a 30% solution) , stirred at 80 °C for 25 hours, cooled, and poured onto ice. The resultant aqueous mixture is filtered to obtain the title product as a yellow solid (63.5 g, 93.9%) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses .
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
H H CH3 H OCH3 201-203 H CH3 CH3 H OCH3 199-200 H CH3 H H H 116.5-117.! H H Cl H OCH3 229-231 H H H CH3 OCH3 134-136 H H H H CN 187.5-189 H H H H OCH3 193-198 H H OCH3 H H 201-203 H OCH3 H H H 174-175 H F H H OCH3 224-226 H C2H5 H H OCH3 153-154.5 H H CH3 H H 188-189 H H N ( CH3 ) S02CH3 H H H CH3 Cl H OCH3 230-234 H I H H OCH3 H H SCH3 H H 177.5-178.5 H H OCH3 H CH3 131-135 H H F H H 226-228 H H Cl H H 217.5-219 H H F H OCH3 224-225 H H H H SCH3 114.5-115.5 H H CH3 H OCH3 201-203 H OCH3 H H OCH3 195-196 H H H H CH3 145-146 H H H H F 181-182 H H OCH3 H OCH3 171-172.5 H SCH, H H H 139-140.5
H CH3 H CH3 OCH3
CH3 CH3 CH3 H OCH3
H CH ( CH3 ) 2 H H OCH3
H H CH3 CH3 OCH3
H - (CH2) 3 - H OCH,
EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of 3-Methyl-5-nitro-l, 2-benzisothiazole
Ammonia (45 g, 2,642 mmol) is bubbled into methanol at -40 °C in a steel bomb. Sulfur (30.5 g, 95.0 mmol) and 2 ' -chloro-5 ' -nitroacetophenone (19 g, 95.0 mmol) are then added. The bomb is sealed and heated at about 90 °C overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture is removed from the bomb and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue. The residue is diluted with methylene chloride, passed through a plug of silica gel and concentrated in vacuo to give the title product as an orange solid (12.0 g) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses . Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
H
C2H5
EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of 5-Amino-3- (6-meth.oxy-m-tolyl) -1, 2- benzisothiazole
A mixture of 3- (6-methoxy-m-tolyl) -5-nitro-l, 2- benzisothiazole (63.0 g, 0.210 mol), 5% acetic acid (1.52 L, 1.21 mol) and ethyl acetate (975 mL) is heated to 65 °C, treated portionwise with iron powder (58.6 g, 1.05 mol), stirred at 65 °C, and filtered through quartz filter paper. The filtrate phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase and extracts are combined, washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title product as an orange oil (55.7 g, 98.1%) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses.
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
H H H CN 118 . 5 - 120 H CH, 112 - 113 . 5
H C2H5
x5 mp °C
OCH,
CH χ5 mp
OCH.
OCH, x5 mp
OCH.
OCH,
H CH2C02C2H5 H C(CH3)2C02C2Hs H OCH2CN H OCH3 H OCH(CH3)2 H OCH2CH=CH2 H OCH2C≡CH H OCH2C02CH3
EXAMPLE 7
Preparation of 2-Chloro-2f -methoxy-5' -methyl-5- nitrobenzophenone, oxime
A mixture of 2 -chloro-2 ' -methoxy-5 ' -methyl-5-nitrobenzophenone (90.0 g, 0.294 mol) in ethanol is treated with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (102.3 g, 1.47 mol) in water, refluxed overnight, and poured onto ice . The resultant aqueous mixture is filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with water and dried in a hot vacuum oven overnight to give the title product as a white solid (84.2 g) which is identified by ^Η NMR spectral analysis .
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
H OCH3 H H 173-178 H H H H 143-145 H H OCH3 H 191-192.5 H 0CH3 H F H H OCH2C02CH3 H 150-155 H 0CH3 H CH3 185.5-186.5 F OCH, H CH,
and
mp 165-167°C EXAMPLE 8
Preparation of 3- (6-Methoxy-m-tolyl) -5-nitro-l, 2 - benzisoxazole
A mixture of 2-chloro-2 ' -methoxy-5 ' -methyl-5-nitrobenzophenone, oxime (84.0 g, 0.262 mol) in ethanol is warmed to 65 °C, treated with 150 mL of 10% potassium hydroxide solution over 25 minutes, heated to 78 °C over one hour, cooled, and poured onto ice. The resultant aqueous mixture is filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with water, dried, recrystallized from N,N- dimethylformamide, washed sequentially with N,N-dimethyl- formamide and ethanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at 80 °C to give the title product as a solid (mp 225-226 °C) which is identified by XH NMR spectral analysis.
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
H OCH3 H H 170-171
H H H H 138-139
H H H OCH3 205-207
F OCH, CH, H
and
mp 84.5-86.5°C
EXAMPLE 9
Preparation of 5-Amino-3- (β-methoxy-in-tolyl) -1, 2- benzisoxazole and 5-Amino-4-chloro-3- (6-methoxy--n-tolyl) 1 , 2 -benzisoxazole
A mixture of 3- (6-methoxy-m-tolyl) -5-nitro-l, 2- benzisoxazole (20.0 g, 0.0703 mol) in acetic acid (380 mL) is warmed, treated with a warm solution of tin (II) chloride dihydrate (47.4 g, 0.210 mol) in concentrated hydrochloric acid (110 mL) , refluxed for one hour, cooled to 10 °C, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a gum. The gum is added to water with stirring to obtain a slurry. The slurry is treated with 80 g of 50% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred at 60 °C to 80 °C over one hour, cooled, and decanted to obtain a residue . A mixture of the residue in ethanol is treated with potassium hydroxide (10 g) , heated overnight, cooled to room temperature, neutralized with hydrochloric acid, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue . The residue is diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo and chromatographed using silica gel and a 2% ethyl acetate in methylene chloride solution to give the title products as semi-solids which are identified by elemental and mass spectral analyses .
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
H CH3 H Cl H OCH2C02CH3 H OCH ( CH3 ) 2 H OCH ( CH3 ) C02CH3 F OCH2C02CH3 H OCH,
EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of m-Fluorophenyl acetate
A solution of 3-fluorophenol (100 g, 0.890 mol) in methylene chloride is cooled to 0 °C to 5 °C, treated with pyridine (75.0 mL, 0.930 mol), stirred for several minutes, treated dropwise with acetyl chloride (66.0 mL, 0.930 mol) while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature below 17 °C, stirred at ice-bath temperature for two hours, warmed to room temperature, and poured into an ice-water mixture. The organic phase is separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title product as a yellow oil which is identified by LH NMR spectral analysis.
EXAMPLE 11
Preparation of ' -Fluoro-2' -hydroxyacetophenone
m-Fluorophenyl acetate (123 g, 0.798 mol) is cooled with an ice-bath, treated portionwise with aluminum chloride (150 g, 1.12 mol), stirred at 190 °C for one hour, and cooled to obtain a solid. A mixture of ice, water and hydrochloric acid, and methylene chloride are added to the solid. The resultant mixture is stirred for several minutes, and the phases are separated. The organic phase is washed sequentially with water, saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title product (99.0 g) which is identified by XH NMR spectral analysis.
EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of 4 ' -Fluoro-2' -hvdroxyacetophenone. oxime
+ NH 2OH HCl + CH 3CO2Na
A mixture of 4 ' -fluoro-2 ' -hydroxyacetophenone (99.0 g, 0.640 mol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (89.0 g, 1.28 mol), and sodium acetate (79.0 g, 0.960 mol) in methanol is refluxed for one hour and poured into an ice-water mixture. The resultant aqueous mixture is filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is dissolved in methylene chloride, and the resultant organic solution is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with hexanes, and filtered to give the title product as a solid (55.0 g, mp 112-114 °C) which is identified by XH NMR spectral analysis.
EXAMPLE 13 Preparation of 6-Fluoro-3-methyl-1, 2-benzisoxazole
A mixture of 4 ' -fluoro-2 ' -hydroxyacetophenone, oxime (47.0 g, 0.278 mol) in tetrahydrofuran is heated to just under reflux, treated with a solution of 1, 1 ' -carbonyl- diimidazole (55.0 g, 0.340 mol) and triethylamine (39.0 g, 0.390 mol) in tetrahydrofuran, refluxed for one hour, cooled, concentrated in vacuo, and poured into an ice- water mixture. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ether. The organic extracts are combined, washed sequentially with saturated ammonium chloride solution and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain an oil. Column chromatography of the oil using silica gel and a methylene chloride/hexanes solution (1:1) gives the title product as a yellow oil which is identified by 2H NMR spectral analysis. EXAMPLE 14
Preparation of 6-Fluoro-3-methyl-5-nitro-l, 2-benzisoxazole
A mixture of 6-fluoro-3 -methyl-1, 2-benzisoxazole (23.5 g, 0.156 mol) in concentrated sulfuric acid is cooled with an ice-bath, treated dropwise with 90% nitric acid (8.50 mL) while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature below 15 °C, stirred for one hour at ice-bath temperature, treated with additional 90% nitric acid (5.80 mL) , warmed to and stirred at room temperature overnight, and poured onto ice. The resultant aqueous mixture is filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is air- dried and dissolved in methylene chloride. The resultant organic solution is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, diluted with hexanes, and filtered to give the title product as a purple solid which is identified by XH NMR spectral analysis.
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
H
Cl
F EXAMPLE 15
Preparation of Methyl [ (5-nitro-l, 2-benzisoxazol-3- yl) oxyl acetate
A mixture of 5-nitro-l, 2-benzisoxazol-3-ol (3.90 g, 0.0220 mol) and potassium carbonate (4.17 g, 0.0300 mol) in N,N-dimethylformamide is stirred for 30 minutes, treated with methyl bromoacetate (3.96 g, 0.0260 mol), stirred overnight at room temperature, and poured into an acidic ice-water mixture. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are combined, washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a yellow oil . Column chromatography of the oil using silica gel and a (1:1) to (4:1) methylene chloride/hexanes gradient gives the title product as a white solid (2.80 g, mp 72-73.5 °C) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses.
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
Xs mp °C
H OCH(CH3)2 81-83
H OCH2CH=CH2 70-72
H OCH3 101.5-103
Cl OCH(CH,)CO,CH, 98-100
F OCH2C02CH3 104-106
EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of 3-Chloro-5-nitro-l,2-benzisoxazole
A mixture of 5-nitro-l, 2-benzisoxazol-3-ol (4.00 g, 0.0220 mol) and phosphorus oxychloride (40.0 mL, 65.8 g, 0.429 mol) is placed in a glass bomb, heated at 150-155 °C for two hours, cooled overnight, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with methylene chloride, and brought to about pH 8 with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The phases are separated. The organic phase is washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue.
Column chromatography of the residue using silica gel and a methylene chloride/hexanes solution (1:1) gives the title product as an amber oil which is identified by NMR spectral analysis. EXAMPLE 17 Preparation of 2 -Chloro-2 ' -methoxy- 5 -nitrobenzophen- one
A solution of 2-bromoanisole (27.9 g, 145 mmol) in diethyl ether is cooled to -70 °C, treated with butyllithium (64.0 mL, 160 mmol), stirred at -70 °C for one hour, treated with 0.5 M zinc chloride in tetrahydrofuran solution (320 mL, 160 mmol) , stirred for one hour at -70 °C, warmed to about 0 °C, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a yellow-green oil. A solution of the oil in tetrahydrofuran is treated sequentially with tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (5.00 g, 4.35 mmol) and a solution of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride (35.0 g, 159 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran, stirred for three days, and poured into 10% hydrochloric acid. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with methylene chloride. The organic extracts are combined, washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a semi-solid. The solid is triturated with diethyl ether to give the title product as a yellow solid which is identified by NMR spectral analyses.
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
Ex E2 E3 E. mp °C
H Cl H OCH3 96-99
H H CH3 OCH3 71-74
F H H OCH3
Cl H H OCH3 124-126
OCH3 H H OCH3 71-73
H OCH3 H OCH3 98-100
H F H OCH3
H H CH3 H 65-66.5
H H SCH3 H 87-88
H H H F 118-120
H H H CH3 78-79.5
H H H SCH3 123-124.5
H F H H
H H OCH3 H
H H H OCH3
H CH3 CH, OCH, EXAMPLE 18 Preparation of 2-Chloro-2# -methoxy-5-nitrobenzhvdrol
A solution of 2-bromoanisole (50.0 g, 0.267 mol) in ether is added portionwise to a mixture of magnesium (7.10 g, 0.293 mol) in ether. After the addition is complete, the reaction mixture is heated at reflux for one hour, diluted with ether, cooled to 0 °C, treated with a solution of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (39.0 g, 0.210 mol) in tetrahydrofuran, warmed to room temperature, and diluted with an ice-water mixture. After acidifying the aqueous mixture with hydrochloric acid (pH 2 - pH 3 ) , the organic phase is separated and the aqueous phase is extracted with ether. The organic extracts are combined, washed sequentially with 10% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to give the title product as a brown gum.
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
W E3 w„
OCH3 H OCH3 CH, H OCH3
F H OCH, H OCH, H
EXAMPLE 19 Preparation of 2-Chloro-2/ -methoxy-5-nitrobenzophenone
A solution of chromium (VI) oxide (91.0 g, 0.919 mol) in a water/acetic acid solution (1:4) is added portionwise to 2-chloro-2 ' -methoxy-5-nitrobenzhydrol (64.2 g, 0.219 mol) while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature at 25 °C to 35 °C. The reaction mixture is then stirred at 25 °C to 35 °C for one hour, cooled, diluted with water, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue. The residue is diluted with water, and extracted with methylene chloride . The organic extracts are combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, mixed with silica gel (10 g) , and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to obtain an oil . A solution of the oil in a methanol/water solution is decolorized with charcoal and concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue.
Column chromatography of the residue using silica gel and methylene chloride/hexanes solutions gives the title product as a white solid.
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
)CH3 H OCH3
ZH3 H OCH3 109 - 111
F H OCH, 94 - 95
H OCH. H 79 - 81
EXAMPLE 20
Preparation of 2-Chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride
A mixture of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (50.0 g, 0.228 mol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (5 drops) in 1, 2-dichloroethane is treated dropwise with oxalyl chloride (30.8 mL, 0.353 mol), refluxed for 3 hours, cooled, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title product as an orange solid which is identified by NMR spectral analyses .
Following essentially the same procedure, but using 2, 4-difluoro-5-nitrobenzoic acid, 2 , 4-difluoro-5- nitrobenzoyl chloride is obtained as a brown oil .
EXAMPLE 21 Preparation of 2 ' -Chloro-4' -fluoro-5 -nitroacetophenone
CH ZnCl + Pd[P(CfiH 5.) 3 4
A 2 M solution of methylzinc chloride in tetrahydrofuran (5.00 mL, 10.1 mmol) is treated dropwise with a solution of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride (2.00 g, 8.40 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran, treated with tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.400 g, 0.350 mmol) , stirred at room temperature for one hour, and poured into 3 N hydrochloric acid. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are combined, washed sequentially with water and saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a dark liquid. Flash column chromatography of the liquid using silica gel and a methylene chloride in hexanes solution (6:4) gives the title product as an off- white solid (mp 66-68 °C) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses. EXAMPLE 22
Preparation of 6-Amino-3-methyl-5-nitro-1,2- benzisothiazole
A mixture of 2 ' -chloro-4 ' -fluoro-5 ' -nitroacetophenone (12.0 g, 0.0552 mol), sulfur (1.77 g, 0.0552 mol), 30% ammonium hydroxide solution (100 mL, 0.856 mol) , and methanol is placed in a steel bomb, heated at 85 °C overnight, cooled, treated with additional sulfur (0.270 g) and 30% ammonium hydroxide solution (50 mL) , heated at 85 °C overnight, cooled, filtered to remove solids, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are combined, washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a solid. Flash column chromatography of the solid using silica gel, and 0%, 1% and 2% diethyl ether in methylene chloride solutions gives the title product as an orange solid (4.19 g, mp 189-191 °C) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses. Using essentially the same procedure, the following compound is obtained:
EXAMPLE 23
Preparation of 6-Chloro-3-methyl-5-nitro-l, 2 - benzisothiazole
A mixture of tert-butyl nitrite (3.30 mL, 0.0278 mol) and copper (II) chloride (2.98 g, 0.0222 mol) in acetonitrile is heated to 65 °C, treated portionwise with 6-amino-3-methyl-5-nitro-l, 2-benzisothiazole (3.88 g, 0.0185 mol), stirred at 65 °C, cooled to room temperature, and poured into 20% hydrochloric acid. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are combined, washed with 20% hydrochloric acid, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a solid. Flash column chromatography of the solid using silica gel and methylene chloride/hexanes solutions (1:1 and 3:1) gives the title product as a pale, yellow solid (2.54 g, mp 156-158 °C) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses. Using essentially the same procedure, the following compound is obtained:
EXAMPLE 24
Preparation of 6-Fluoro-3 -methyl-5-nitro-l, 2 - benzisothiazole
A mixture of 6-chloro-3-methyl-5-nitro-l, 2- benzisothiazole (2.25 g, 9.80 mmol), potassium fluoride (2.85 g, 49.0 mmol), and 18-crown-6 (1.50 g, 5.70 mmol) in acetonitrile is heated in a sealed tube for 29 days, filtered to remove solids, and partially concentrated in vacuo to obtain a liquid. The liquid is diluted with ethyl acetate, washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a dark, brown solid. Flash column chromatography of the solid using silica gel and a 10% to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes gradient gives a yellow solid containing two components. Flash column chromatography of the yellow solid using silica gel and a 50% to 70% methylene chloride in hexanes gradient gives the title product as a pale, yellow solid (0.870 g, mp
118-119 °C) which is identified by NMR spectral analyses. Using essentially the same procedure, the following compound is obtained:
EXAMPLE 25 Preparation of 2,2' -Dithiobis [5-nitrohenzoic acid]
A mixture of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (100 g, 0.496 mol) in ethanol is treated portionwise with potassium tert-butoxide (55.5 g, 0.495 mol), diluted with additional ethanol, heated to reflux, treated portionwise with a solution prepared from sodium sulfide nonahydrate (60.0 g, 0.249 mol), sulfur (8.80 g, 0.274 mol) and water, refluxed for two hours, cooled to room temperature, and treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The resultant acidic mixture is stirred for one hour and filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with water and air-dried to give the title product as a yellow powder which is identified by NMR spectral analysis .
EXAMPLE 26 Preparation of 5-Nitro-l, 2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one
A mixture of 2, 2 ' -dithiobis [5-nitrobenzoic acid] (44.6 g, 0.113 mol) and thionyl chloride (49.0 mL, 0.670 mol) in methylene chloride is treated with N,N- dimethylformamide (0.800 mL) , refluxed overnight, concentrated in vacuo, and diluted with 1,2- dichloroethane . The resultant organic solution is treated with bromine (22.5 mL, 0.436 mol), stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, refluxed for 3.5 hours, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue. A solution of the residue in 1, 2-dichloroethane is cooled with an ice-water bath, treated with concentrated ammonia (112 mL) over 15 minutes, stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, cooled with an ice-water bath, and treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The resultant aqueous mixture is stirred at room temperature for one hour and filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with water and air-dried to give the title product as a yellow solid which is identified by NMR spectral analysis.
EXAMPLE 27 Preparation of 3-Chloro-5-nitro-1,2-benzisothiazole
A mixture of 5-nitro-l, 2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one (10.0 g, 0.0510 mol), phosphorus oxychloride (40.0 mL, 0.429 mol) and tributylamine (12.0 mL, 0.050 mol) is heated at 103-115 °C for six hours, stirred at room temperature overnight, and poured into an ice-water mixture. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with methylene chloride . The combined organic extracts are washed sequentially with water and saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a gum.
Column chromatography of the gum using silica gel and methylene chloride gives the title product as an orange- yellow solid which is identified by NMR spectral analysis. EXAMPLE 28
Preparation of Ethyl α-cvano-5-nitro-l,2-benziso- thiazole-3-acetate
1) C 2H50"Na + CH2 (CN)CO2C2H5
HCl
A sodium ethoxide solution (previously prepared from ethanol and sodium (1.00 g, 0.0430 mol)) is cooled with an ice-acetone bath, treated portionwise with ethyl cyanoacetate (4.51 g, 0.0398 mol), stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, treated with 3-chloro-5- nitro-1, 2-benzisothiazole (4.27 g, 0.0199 mol), stirred at room temperature overnight, cooled to 0 °C, and treated dropwise with 10% hydrochloric acid (15.0 mL) . The resultant aqueous mixture is stirred at room temperature for one hour and filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with ethanol and air-dried to give the title product as a yellow solid which is identified by NMR spectral analysis . EXAMPLE 29
Preparation of Ethyl 5-nitro-l, 2 -benzisothiazole-3- acetate
Ethyl α-cyano-5-nitro-l, 2-benzisothiazole-3 -acetate (6.67 g, 0.0229 mol) is added to a solution of acetyl chloride (67.0 mL) in ethanol. The reaction mixture is refluxed overnight, cooled, and filtered to remove solids. The resultant filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to obtain a brown semi-solid. A mixture of the semi- solid in diethyl ether is stirred for two hours and filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with diethyl ether and air-dried to give the title product as yellow crystals (1.04 g, mp 91-92 °C) .
EXAMPLE 30
Preparation of 5-Nitro-l, 2 -benzisothiazole-3-acetonitrile
A mixture of ethyl 5-nitro-l, 2 -benzisothiazole-3 - acetate (5.00 g, 17.2 mmol), water (1.00 mL) , and methyl sulfoxide (35.0 mL) is stirred at 107 °C for 24 hours, stirred at room temperature for two days, and poured into an ice-water mixture. The resultant aqueous mixture is stirred for two hours and filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is washed with water and air-dried to give the title product as a tan solid.
EXAMPLE 31
Preparation of α.α-Dimethyl-5-nitro-1, 2-benzisothiazole-3 -acetonitrile
A mixture of 5-nitro-l, 2-benzisothiazole-3-aceto- nitrile (1.29 g, 5.89 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide is cooled to -9 °C, treated with sodium hydride (1.00 g of a 60% dispersion in oil) , stirred at -3 °C for 20 minutes, treated with iodomethane (5.00 mL) , stirred at room temperature for four hours, and poured onto ice. The resultant aqueous mixture is treated with 10% hydrochloric acid and extracted with methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts are washed sequentially with water, saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a solid. column chromatography of the solid using silica gel and methylene chloride gives the title product as a yellow solid which is identified by NMR spectral analysis. EXAMPLE 32
Preparation of Ethyl α,α-dimethyl-5-nitro-1,2-benzisothiazole-3-acetate
A mixture of α,α-dimethyl-5-nitro-1, 2-benzisothiazole-3 -acetonitrile (0.913 g, 3.69 mmol), water (0.450 mL) , concentrated sulfuric acid (4.55 mL) and ethanol (9.10 mL) is refluxed for one hour, cooled, and poured onto ice. The resultant aqueous mixture is neutralized with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with methylene chloride . The organic extract is washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a solid. Column chromatography of the solid using silica gel and methylene chloride gives the title product as pale yellow crystals, spectral analysis .
EXAMPLE 33 Preparation of 5-Amino-3-chloro-l, 2 -benzisothiazole
A solution of 3-chloro-5-nitro-l, 2-benzisothiazole (2.00 g) in toluene is treated with iron powder (8.40 g, 325 mesh) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (8 drops) , heated to reflux, treated dropwise with water (8.00 mL) , refluxed for 35 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and filtered through diatomaceous earth. The resultant filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue.
Flash column chromatography of the residue using silica gel and an ethyl acetate/hexanes solution (1:1) gives the title product.
EXAMPLE 34
Preparation of [ (5-Nitro-l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl) oxyl acetonitrile
CΝ
A mixture of 5-nitro-l, 2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one (17.5 g, 89.2 mmol) in Ν,Ν-dimethylformamide is treated with potassium carbonate (18.5 g, 134 mmol), stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, treated with bromoaceto- nitrile (16.0 g, 133 mmol), stirred at room temperature overnight, and poured onto ice. The resultant aqueous mixture is acidified to pH 3 with hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate . The combined organic extracts are washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a solid. Column chromatography of the solid using silica gel and methylene chloride gives the title product as a yellow solid (15.0 g, mp 123-124.5 °C) .
Using essentially the same procedure, the following compounds are obtained:
OCH3 108 -109
OCH ( CH3 ) 2
OCH2 H=CH2 OCH2C≡CH 115 - 117
OCH2C02CH3
EXAMPLE 35 Preparation of 5 -Nitro-1 , 2 -benzisothiazole
To a mixture of ammonium hydroxide (1000 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide is added 2-chloro-5-nitrobenz- aldehyde (300 g, 1.62 mol) and sulfur (54.4 g, 1.70 mol). The mixture is heated slowly to and stirred at 90 °C for one hour, cooled to room temperature, poured onto ice, and diluted with water. Filtration affords the title compound as a yellow solid (277.1 g, 94.9%) . Using essentially the same procedure, but using 2'- chloro-5 ' -nitro-2-methyl-2-carboethoxypropiophenone, ethyl α,α-dimethyl-5-nitro-1, 2-benzisothiazole-3-acetate is obtained as a solid (mp 75-77°C) . EXAMPLE 36 Preparation of 3-Chloro-5-nitro-l,2-benzisothiazole
A suspension of 5-nitro-l, 2 -benzisothiazole (271 g, 1.50 mol) in acetic acid is heated to 80 °C to form a solution. The heating source is removed and chlorine gas is added continuously over six hours at 70-80 °C until saturation of the mixture occurs . The mixture is cooled to room temperature and stirred overnight . Filtration affords the title compound as a yellow crystalline solid (237 g, 73.6%) which is identified by NMR spectral analysis .
EXAMPLE 37 Preparation of 2' -Chloro-2-methyl-2-carboethoxy propiophenone
A mixture of 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (52.2 g, 0.298 mol), ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (58.2 g, 0.298 mol) and ether is added in portions to zinc foil (19.5 g, 0.298 mol) and the resultant mixture stirred at reflux for three hours and overnight at room temperature . The mixture is poured into cold, dilute sulfuric acid and the organic layer is washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow oil . The oil is chromatographed on silica gel with hexanes : ethyl acetate to afford the title compound as a colorless oil (41.8 g, 55.1%) .
EXAMPLE 38 Preparation of 2 ' -Chloro- 5 ' -nitro -2 -methyl-2 - carboethoxypropiophenone
To concentrated sulfuric acid (15.0 ml) at 5 °C is added 2 ' -chloro-2-methyl-2-carboethoxypropiophenone (4.00 g, 0.01570 mol) followed by dropwise addition of concentrated nitric acid (90%, 0.740 ml, 0.0204 mol).
After stirring 5 minutes, the mixture is poured onto ice and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers are washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (3.90 g, 83.0%) which is identified by NMR spectral analysis.
EXAMPLE 39 Preparation of l-Benzothiophen-2.3-dione
To a solution of thiophenol (100 g, 0.907 mol) in ether is added dropwise a solution of oxalyl chloride (175 g, 1.38 mol) in ether. The mixture is stirred two hours at reflux and concentrated in vacuo . The residue is taken up in methylene chloride and cooled to 0 °C. Aluminum chloride (145 g, 1.09 mol) is added in portions such that the temperature does not exceed 25 °C. The resultant mixture is stirred 30 minutes at reflux, cooled to room temperature and poured into ice water with stirring. The organic layer is washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to an orange solid which is recrystallized from methylene chloride: exanes to afford the title compound (102 g, 69.0%) which is identified by NMR spectral analysis. EXAMPLE 40 Preparation of 1, 2-Benzisothiazole-3-carboxamide
To ammonium hydroxide (1.78 1) is added 1- benzothiophen-2,3-dione (87.0 g, 0.530 mol) at 5-10 °C, followed by hydrogen peroxide (30% aqueous, 178 ml) . The resultant mixture is filtered to obtain a yellow solid which is dried (77.0 g, 81.7%) and identified as the title compound by NMR and IR spectral analysis.
EXAMPLE 41 Preparation of 3-Cyano-5-nitro-1, 2-benzisothiazole
2) POC1,
A solution of 1, 2-benzisothiazole-3-carboxamide (12.0 g, 0.0674 mol) in concentrated sulfuric acid at 0-5 °C is treated dropwise with nitric acid (90%, 4.12 ml) such that the temperature does not exceed 10 °C, stirred one hour at 5 °C, and poured into ice water with vigorous stirring. The resultant suspension is filtered to obtain a solid. The solid is dried and recrystallized from acetonitrile to afford a white solid (10.0 g) which is treated with phosphorus oxychloride (60.0 ml) . The resultant mixture is stirred at 90-100 °C for 90 minutes, cooled to room temperature, slowly poured into ice water with stirring, and filtered to obtain a solid. Recrystallization of the solid from methylene chloride: hexanes gives the title compound as an orange solid (8.00 g, 87.9%, mp 168-170 °C) which is identified by NMR and IR spectral analyses .
EXAMPLE 42 Preparation of 3- (6-Methoxy-n.-tolyl) -6-amino-5- nitro- 1 , 2 -benzisothiazole
Ammonium hydroxide (330 ml) is added to a suspension of 2 ' , 4 ' -difluoro-2 -methoxy-5 -methyl-5 ' -nitrobenzophenone (60.0 g, 0.186 mol), sulfur (6.25 g, 0.195 mol) and N,N- dimethylformamide on an ice bath. The resultant mixture is allowed to warm to 35 °C, heated gradually to 81 °C over a two hour period, cooled to room temperature, and poured into water. The resultant solid is taken up in ethyl acetate and N,N-dimethylformamide, and washed with water. The organic layer is concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound which is identified by NMR spectral analysis.
EXAMPLE 43 Preparation of 3- (6-Methoxy-m-tolyl) -6-chloro-5- nitro-1.2 -benzisothiazole
nitrite + CuCl.
A mixture of tert-butyl nitrite (5.90 g, 0.0571 mol), copper chloride (6.20 g, 0.0457 mol) and acetonitrile is heated to 65-75 °C, treated with 3- (6- methoxy-m-tolyl) -6-amino-5-nitro-1 , 2 -benzisothiazole
(12.0 g, 0.0381 mol) over 10 minutes, stirred for two hours at 67-75 °C, treated with tert-butyl nitrite (1.50 ml) and copper chloride (1.00 g) , stirred 40 minutes at 67-75°C, cooled to room temperature, and diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with 10% hydrochloric acid and filtered. The filtrate is washed with water and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a solid (10.6 g, 83.1%) which is identified by NMR and IR spectral analyses .
EXAMPLE 44 Preparation of 3- (6-Methoxy--B-tolyl) -6-fluoro-5- nitro-1.2-benzisothiazole
A mixture of 3- (6-methoxy-m-tolyl) -6-chloro-5-nitro- 1,2-benzisothiazole (7.30 g, 0.0218 mol), potassium fluoride (6.33 g, 0.109 mol) 18-crown-6 (2.31 g, 0.0872 mol) and sulfolane is stirred 19 hours at 154°C, cooled to room temperature, and poured into ice water. The resultant solid is filtered and chromatographed on silica gel with methylene chloride to afford a solid which is recrystallized from acetonitrile to afford a tan powder. The powder is recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give the title compound as a tan solid (2.09 g, 29.9%) which is identified by NMR spectral analysis. EXAMPLE 45 Preparation of 5-Amino-4-bromo-6-fluoro-3-methyl- 1, 2-benzisothiazole
To a solution of 5-amino-6-fluoro-3-methyl-l, 2- benzisothiazole (0.600 g, 0.00329 mol) in 1,2- dichloroethane is added N-bromosuccinimide (0.586 g, 0.00329 mol) followed by 1, 1 ' -azobis (cyclohexanecarbo- nitrile) (0.0200 g) . The mixture is stirred two hours at 70 °C, additional N-bromosuccinimide (0.240 g, 0.00135 mol) is added, and the mixture is stirred 40 minutes at 70°C. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue.
The residue is chromatographed on silica gel to give the title compound (0.870 g, 100%) which is identified by NMR spectral analysis.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A process for the preparation of a 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compound having the structural formula I
( I ) wherein n is an integer of 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6 ,-
Y is hydrogen or ; and
Q is a Ci-C8alkyl group or an optionally substituted phenyl , benzyl , heteroaryl or methyleneheteroaryl group, which process comprises
(a) reacting a urea compound having the structural formula II
HN
Z Z
( ID wherein Z and Zx are each independently or Z and Zx may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 4- to 7-membered ring wherein ZZX is represented by - (CH2) 20 (CH2) 2- or -(CH2)m- where m is an integer of 3 , 4 , 5 or 6 ;
Z2 is C-L-Cgalkyl or benzyl optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with any combination of from one to three halogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl groups; and n is as described above, with an amine compound having the structural formula III
QNH2 (III)
wherein Q is as described above in the presence of an acid or base to form the 6- (perfluoroalkyl) uracil compound of formula I wherein Y is hydrogen; and
(b) optionally alkylating the formula I compound wherein Y is hydrogen, to form a formula I compound wherein Y is alkyl.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the double bond in the formula II compound is predominately in the (Z) - configuration.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the reaction in step (a) is carried out in the presence of an acid.
4. A process according to claim 3 wherein said acid is selected from the group consisting of a C^-C8 alkanoic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.
5. A process according to claim 3 wherein said acid is acetic acid.
6. A process according to claim 1 wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of a tri (C-_- C6alkyl) amine, a heterocyclic tertiary amine and an alkali metal C1-C3alkoxide.
7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of 1,8- diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene and 1, 5-diazabicyclo- [4.3.0] non-5-ene.
8. A process according to claim 1 wherein the urea compound is reacted with the amine compound and in the presence of a solvent .
9. A process according to claim 8 wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid amide, a dialkyl sulfoxide, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, an alkanoic acid, a ketone, an ether, a nitrile and water and mixtures thereof.
10. A process according to claim 1 wherein the urea compound is reacted with the amine compound at a temperature of about 20°C to 150°C.
11. A process according to claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises reacting the formula I compound wherein Y is hydrogen with an alkyl halide having the structural formula IV or a dialkylsulfate ester having the structural formula V
(V)
wherein X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and Y is C^-C8alkyl, in the presence of a base.
12. A process according to claim 1 wherein n is 1; Y is hydrogen or ^-Calky!;
G is CH2 or a bond;
Gx is CXS or N;
G2 is CX4 or N;
Xj is hydrogen, halogen or a Ci-Cgalkyl group optionally substituted with one epoxy group, X2 is hydrogen, halogen NRRlf C02R2, C(0)R3, OR4, S02R5, S02NR6R7, C(R8) (OR9)2, C (R10) =NOR117 C (R12) =C (R13) - C (OR14) =NOR15, CH20-NC02R16,
1,3-dioxolane optionally substituted with one C-L-Cgalkoxy group or one or two C1-C4alkyl groups , 1, 3-dioxolinone optionally substituted with one Ci-Cgalkoxy group or one or two C1-C4alkyl groups , or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with one C02R2 group and one halogen atom, and X3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4haloalkyl, C02R17, cyano, C1-C4haloalkoxy, OR18 or C1-C4alkyl, or when Xx and X2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein X^ or X2XX is represented by: -OC(R20) (R21)0-, -CH2S(0)pN(R22) -, -SC(R23)=N-, -CH=CH- OHR^O-, -OC(0)N-, -SC(R24)=N-, -ON (R25) C (0) - , -OC(C02R26)=C(R27)-, -NC(R28)=C(SR29) -, -CH=C (CO2R30) O- , -CH2CH(R31)0- or -OC (R32) (R33) C (O) - , or when X2 and X3 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein X2X3 or X3X2 is represented by: -NC(R34)=NC(S)-, -N(R35)N=C(R36) -, -N (R37) C (R38) =N- , -N(R38)C(0)CH20-, -N(R39)C(0)CH=CH-, -S-N=C (R40) - , -0-N=C(R41)-, -N=N-N(R42) -, -C (R43) (R44) C (O) N (R45) - or -N(R46)C(0)C(R47) (R48)-;
X4 is hydrogen, halogen or OR19;
X5 is hydrogen or halogen;
R, R56, R64, R69, R70, R77 and R91 are each independently hydrogen, S02R49, C1-C4alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, C3-Cβalkenyl, C3-C6alkynyl, phenyl or benzyl;
Rx is hydrogen, SO2RS0, C(0)R51, amino or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with C02R52 or C(0)R53;
K-2' ^-16 K-17' ^26' ^30 ^68' R75 ^76' ^82 and R88 are each independently hydrogen, C3-C8alkenyl,
C3-C6alkynyl , phenyl, benzyl, furfuryl, pyridyl, thienyl ,
C1-C8alkyl optionally substituted with C02R54 , morpholine or C (0) Rss, or an alkali metal , an alkaline earth metal , ammonium or organic ammonium cation; R3 , R66 , R67 , R81 , R8S and R89 are each independently hydrogen , , C3-C6alkenyl , C3-C6alkynyl , NR5gR57, phenyl or benzyl ; R4 , R18 , R19 and R65 are each independently hydrogen, , C3-C6alkenyl , C3-C3alkynyl , C1-C4haloalkyl , C(0)Rε8 , C(S)R59 or benzyl; Rs and R72 are each independently Cx- Cghaloalkyl ,
NRg0R61, imidazole or indazole;
R6 ' Rll ' R12 ' 4 ' -^15' 20' ^21' R22 ' "-25' R28 ' ^2S" 31 ' R32 ' -"-33'
R 35 R 5' R6 R63 an-d Rso are each independently hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; R7 is hydrogen, C3-C6alkenyl, C3-C6alkynyl, benzyl, or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with cyano or C(0)R62; R8 and R27 are each independently hydrogen, C^C^alkyl or
C1 -C4 alkoxy ,- R9 and R90 are each independently C1-C6alkyl; R10 is hydrogen, Ci-Cgalkyl, phenyl or benzyl; R13, R24 and R36 are each independently hydrogen, or halogen; R23 is hydrogen or NR63R64/-
R34 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl; R37 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C2-C8alkoxyalkyl; R38 and R39 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl,
C1-C4haloalkyl, C3-C6alkenyl or C3-C6alkynyl; R40, R41 and R42 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, OR6S, C(0)R66, C(S)R67, C02R68, C(=NOR69), a Cx-C8alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, C2-C8alkenyl or C2-C8alkynyl group, wherein each group is optionally substituted with any combination of one to six halogen atoms, one to three C^C^- alkoxy groups, one or two groups, one or two NR70R71 groups, one or two S(0)^R.72 groups, one or two cyano groups, one or two C3-C7cycloalkyl groups, one OS02R73 group, one or two C(0)R74 groups, one or two C02R75 groups, one or two C(0)SR76 groups, one or two C(0)NR77R78 groups, one to three OR79 groups, one or two P(O) (OR80)2 groups, one 1, 3-dioxolane optionally substituted with one to three C1-C4alkyl groups, or one 1,3-dioxane optionally substituted with one to three C1-C4alkyl groups, or phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with any combination of one to three halogen atoms, one to three Ci-Cgalkyl groups, one to three Cx- C6alkoxy groups, one C3-C7cycloalkyl group, one C1-C4haloalkyl group, one C1-C4alkylthio group, one cyano group, one nitro group, one C(0)R81 group, one C02R82 group, one OR83 group, one SR84 group, one group, one hydroxymethyl group, one C3-C8alkenyloxymethyl group, or one Ci-Cghaloalkoxymethyl group; R43/ R / R47 and R48 are each independently hydrogen,
Cx-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C3-C6alkenyl, C3-C6alkynyl or C3-C7cycloalkyl, or R43 and R44 or R47 and R48 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a C3-C7cycloalkyl group; R49, Rso and R86 are each independently -Cgalkyl, NR93R94, C1-C4haloakyl, C3-C6alkenyl, C3-C6alkynyl or benzyl;
•^•Sl ' "52 ' s3 54 ' s5 ' ^57' 58 ' RS9 R60 ' R61 ' RS2 ' R71 ' R73 ' R74
R78, R87 and R92 are each independently hydrogen, d-Cgalkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, C3-C6alkenyl, C3-C6alkynyl, phenyl or benzyl; R79, R83 and R84 are each independently hydrogen, C(0)R85, S02R86, Ci-Cghaloalkyl, C2-Cgalkenyl, 5~ 8cYcloalkenyl C2-C6alkynyl, phenyl, benzyl, or cι-CιoalkYl optionally substituted with one hydroxyl, benzyloxy, OC(0)R87, Ci-Cgalkoxy, C02R88, C(0)R89, C(OR90)2, C(0)NR91R92 or cyano group; R93 and R94 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4haloalkyl, C2-Cgalkenyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, Ci-Cgalkyl optionally substituted with one or two
C1-C4alkoxy groups or one cyanoalkyl group, or benzyl or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one to three halogen atoms, one to three Gt-^al yl groups, one to three C1-C4haloalkyl groups, one to three C1-C4alkoxy groups, one to three C1-C4haloalkoxy groups, one cyano group or one nitro group, and when R93 and R94 are taken together with the atom to which they are attached, they form a 5- to 12- membered monocyclic or fused bicyclic, heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, C1-C4haloalkoxy and C1-C4haloalkylsulfonyl groups; p and q are each independently 0, 1 or 2 ; Z and Z-L are each independently Ci-Cgal yl; and Z2 is C1-C4alkyl.
13. A process according to claim 12 wherein Y is hydrogen or methyl; X is hydrogen, fluorine or Cx-C3alkyl optionally substituted with one epoxy group; X2 is hydrogen, halogen NRR17 C02R2, C(0)R3, OR4, S02Rs, S02NR6R7, C(R8) (OR9)2, C (R10) -NOR^, C (R12) =C (R13) - C(OR14)=NOR15, CH20-NC02Rιε,
1,3-dioxolane optionally substituted with one group or one or two C1-C4alkyl groups, 1, 3-dioxolinone optionally substituted with one C1-C3alkoxy group or one or two C1-C4alkyl groups, or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with one C02R2 group and one halogen atom, and X3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4haloalkyl, C02R17, cyano, C1-C4haloalkoxy, 0R18 or C1-C4alkyl, or when X-L and X2 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein X^ or X^ is represented by: -OC(R20) (R21)0-, -CH2S(0)pN(R22)-, -SC(R23)=N-, -CH=CH-CH(R11)0-, -OC(0)N-, -SC(R24)=N-, -ON (R25) C (0) - , -OC(C02R2S)=CH-, -NC(R2β)=C(SR29) -, -CH=C (CO2R30) O- , -CH2CH(R31)0- or -OC (R32) (R33) C (0) - , or when X2 and X3 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, they may form a five- or six- membered ring wherein X2X3 or X3X2 is represented by: -NC(R34)=NC(S)-, -N(R3S)N=C(R36)-, -N (R37) C (R38) =N- , -N(R38)C(0)CH20-, -N(R39)C(0)CH=CH-, -S-N=C (R40) - , -0-N=C(R41)-, -N=N-N(R42)-, -C (R43) (R44) C (0) N (R45) - or -N(R46)C(0)C(R47) (R48)-;
X4 is hydrogen, halogen or 0R19;
X5 is hydrogen or halogen;
R, RS4, R69 and R77 are each independently hydrogen, S02R49 or C1-C4alkyl;
Rx is hydrogen, S02Rso/ C(0)R51, amino or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with C02R52 or C(0)RS3;
R2 ' Rιβ ' Ri7 » R26 ' 30 R68 R75 R76 ' R82 and R88 are each independently hydrogen, C3-C6alkenyl or Cx-C4alkyl optionally substituted with C02RS4 , morpholine or C (0) R55 ;
R3 , R6g , R67 , R85 and R89 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or NRS6R57 ;
R4 / R18 and R19 are each independently hydrogen,
C1-C4alkyl , C^C.haloalkyl , C (0) R58 , C3-C4alkenyl or C3-C4alkynyl ;
R56 is S02R49 /-
RS7 is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl ;
R5 and R72 are each independently NRg0R61 or indazole ;
R6 ' Rll ' R12 ' R14 / °15 ' R20 ' 21 ' R22 / R25 ' R28 ' R29 / R31 / 32 / R33 l
R35' R5 R46 and Rso are each independently hydrogen or methyl ; R7 is C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with cyano or
C(0)RS2; R8 is hydrogen or Cx -C4 alkoxy ; R9 and R90 are each independently C1-C4alkyl; R10 is hydrogen or C-C3alkyl; R13, R24 and R36 are each independently hydrogen or chlorine; R23 is NR63R64 ; R34 is C1-C3haloalkyl; R37 is C2-C4alkoxyalkyl; R38 and R39 are each independently C1-C3haloalkyl, Cx-C3alkyl or propargyl; R40, R41 and R42 are each independently hydrogen, C(0)R66, C(S)R67, C02R68, C(=N0R69) ,
C1-C3alkyl optionally substituted with any combination of one or two halogen atoms, one or two C1-C3alkoxy groups, one or two C1-C3haloalkoxy groups, one S02R72 group, one or two cyano groups, one C3-C3cycloalkyl group, one 0S02R73 group, one C(0)R74 group, one C02R75 group, one C(0)SR76 group, one C(0)NR77R78 group, one to two 0R79 groups, one P(O) (OR80)2 group, one 1,3- dioxolane group or one 1,3 -dioxane group, or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one halogen atom, one or two methyl groups, one me thoxy group, one halomethyl group or one OR83 group; R3' R 44# R 47 and R48 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, or R43 and R44 or R47 and R48 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group; R49 R EO ^d R86 are each independently Cx-C4alkyl or NR93R94; 51' RS2' RS3/ RS4' R55' 58 ' R60/ RS1 R62 ' R73 / R74 ' R78 ^d R87 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4halo- alkyl ;
R79 and R83 are each independently hydrogen , C (0) R85 , S02R86 , C1-C4haloalkyl , C3 -C4alkenyl or C1-C3alkyl substituted with one OC (0) R87,
C02R88 , C (0) R89 , C (OR90) 2 or cyano group ;
R93 and R94 are each independently hydrogen or C1-C8alkyl ; p is 0 , 1 or 2 ;
Z and Zx are the same and represent methyl or ethyl; and
Z2 is methyl or ethyl .
14. A process according to claim 1 for the preparation of a 6- (trifluoromethyl) uracil compound having the structural formula VI
(VI) wherein
Y is hydrogen or methyl; Xs is hydrogen or halogen; R40 is hydrogen, C(0)R66, C(S)RS7, C02R68,
C1-C3alkyl optionally substituted with any combination of one or two halogen atoms, one or two C1-C3alkoxy groups, one or two C1-C3haloalkoxy groups, one S02R72 group, one or two cyano groups, one C3-C5cycloalkyl group, one 0S02R73 group, one or two OR79 groups, one P(O) (OR80)2 group, one 1, 3-dioxolane group or one 1,3 -dioxane group, or phenyl optionally substituted with any combination of one halogen atom, one or two methyl groups, one methoxy group, one halomethyl group or one OR83 group; R 66 R 67 R 8s anc 89 are each independently hydrogen,
C1-C4alkyl or NR56RS7; R S6 1S S02R49;
R57 is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl;
R49 and R86 are each independently C1-C4alkyl or NR93R94; R93 and R94 are each independently hydrogen or C1-C8alkyl; R68 and R88 are each independently hydrogen, C3-C6alkenyl or C1-C4alkyl optionally substituted with C02R54, morpholine or C(0)RS5; Rs ' Rs5' R6o Rei' R?3 and R 87 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl; R72 is NRgoRgi or indazole;
R79 and R83 are each independently hydrogen C(0)R8S, S02R86, C1-C4haloalkyl, C3-C4alkenyl or
C1-C3alkyl substituted with one 0C(0)R87, C02R88, C(0)R89, C(OR90)2 or cyano group; R80 is hydrogen or methyl; and R90 is C1-C4alkyl.
EP00910177A 1999-02-16 2000-02-14 Process for the preparation of 6-(perfluoroalkyl) uracil compounds from urea compounds Withdrawn EP1171427A1 (en)

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