EP1165158A1 - Piege a bulles dynamique - Google Patents

Piege a bulles dynamique

Info

Publication number
EP1165158A1
EP1165158A1 EP00922593A EP00922593A EP1165158A1 EP 1165158 A1 EP1165158 A1 EP 1165158A1 EP 00922593 A EP00922593 A EP 00922593A EP 00922593 A EP00922593 A EP 00922593A EP 1165158 A1 EP1165158 A1 EP 1165158A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blood
outlet
primary
section
acceleration section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP00922593A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Plechinger
Alexander Brockhoff
Hans-Jürgen TIEDTKE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Convergenza AG
Original Assignee
Convergenza AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Convergenza AG filed Critical Convergenza AG
Publication of EP1165158A1 publication Critical patent/EP1165158A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3627—Degassing devices; Buffer reservoirs; Drip chambers; Blood filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2206/00—Characteristics of a physical parameter; associated device therefor
    • A61M2206/10—Flow characteristics
    • A61M2206/16—Rotating swirling helical flow, e.g. by tangential inflows

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to "bubble trap” devices that are used for removing gas bubbles from the extracorporeal circulation of blood.
  • Bubbles having a diameter of just a few micrometers are impossible to remove using conventional filter technology.
  • a porous mesh filter sufficiently small to "trap" a small bubble has a very high flow resistance and this results in a very high-pressure differential across the mesh which is undesirable. For this reason among others there is a continuing neet to improve bubble trap technology.
  • the bubble trap of the present invention is inserted into the external "blood loop" and blood is forced through the dynamic bubble trap by the blood pump.
  • the device is placed just ahead of the outlet cannula to act as a final filter for the removal of bubbles just prior to the delivery of blood to the patient.
  • the bubble trap device splits the blood flow into two streams. The first stream is fully bubble free and it is delivered to the patient. The secondary stream is smaller and it contains the micro bubbles removed from the in coming blood flow. This secondary flow is returned to the extracorporeal circuit upstream of the trap for additional degassing.
  • the blood flows through the bubble trap device from end to end and thus this flow is primarily axial in direction .
  • the blood flow is subjected to a strong radial acceleration so that there is a strong radial velocity imparted to the blood flow as well.
  • a specialized helical separation chamber is used to impart this radial acceleration.
  • the helix within the separation section comprises a center body and one or more blades .
  • the design and the cross sectional areas of the separation zone are optimized to treat the blood cells gently while applying enough force to the small bubbles to concentrate them for removal.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a dynamic bubble trap device
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a dynamic bubble trap device
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a dynamic bubble trap device.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a dynamic bubble trap device. Detailed Description
  • dynamic bubble trap is described as a stand alone device placed in an extracorporeal blood circulation path for ease of explanation.
  • bubble trap device technology can be incorporated into other blood handling devices without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the preferred structures shown in the figures are illustrative and variations in the design can be carried out within the scope of the invention.
  • Fig.1 is a schematic drawing which shows the dynamic bubble trap 10 in partial cross section.
  • the device includes a body 12 that has an exterior wall 14 and an interior wall 16.
  • the overall shape of the device is elongate and approximately cylindrical,
  • the blood flow through the device is primarily axial along the axis 28 of the body 12.
  • a helix is placed inside the device 10 and this helical section is formed by a center body 18 coupled to a blade 20.
  • portions of the blade are shown in phantom dotted lines to clarify the figure.
  • the blade 20 extends between the interior wall 14 and the surface of the center body 18.
  • Various construction techniques can be used to realize the device 10. It has proved convenient to form the center body 18 and blade 20 as a unitary structure and to segment the body 12 to receive the helical section as an insert. Various other assembly techniques can be used as well.
  • the device 10 includes a primary blood flow inlet 22 to receive blood flow 30 which contains micro bubbles.
  • the device 10 also has a primary blood flow outlet 24 formed in the body for delivering bubble free blood flow 32.
  • a secondary blood flow outlet 26 is also provided for the recirculation of secondary blood flow 34 which contains micro bubbles.
  • the primary inlet 22 and the primary outlet 24 are connected in an extracorporeal blood flow loop at or near the discharge or blood return cannula.
  • the secondary recirculation from secondary blood flow outlet 26 is connected by the user to a location that returns this blood stream to the extracorporal flow system "upstream " of the bubble trap devicelO. This allows the micro bubbles to be dissipated and this portion of blood to be further degassed in the system.
  • the bubble trap device 10 divides the inlet blood flow 30, into a bubble free primary outlet blood flow 32 and a secondary blood flow 34 for recirculation.
  • the device 10 is powered by the pressure gradient imparted to the primary blood flow 30 by the extracorporeal blood pump.
  • the device For the purposes of describing flow regimes within the device 10 the device maybe considered to have a supply section 40; an inlet section 42; a radial acceleration section 44; an outlet section 46 ands a separation section 48.
  • the inlet blood flow 30 is introduced into the device 10 at through the supply section 40.
  • this section 40 the blood flows smoothly in the axial direction defined by the axis 28.
  • the blood flows from the supply section 40 to the inlet section 42 where the cross section of the device may change. As seen in the figure this area may be reduced to gently accelerate the flow along the axial direction and introduce the blood flow into the helical blades in the radial acceleration section 44.
  • blade 20 cooperates with the wall 14 and the center body 18 to form two helical channels which imparts a rotary motion to the blood flow with respect to the axis 28.
  • the blade 20 divides the flow path into two channels shown as blood flow channel 50 and blood flow channel 52 . the two channels are parallel and both channels are defined by the blade 20. Although only one blade is shown in the figure for simplicity of illustration, more than one blade can be used. If multiple blades are used then there will be additional flow channels in the device 10.
  • FIG.1 the drawing shows the contour of the center body 18 as a "teardrop" shape which smoothly changes in diameter along the axis 28.
  • the shape of this center body 50 defines the cross section of the flow path within the radial acceleration section 44. Alternate center body contours are operable and shown in other figures.
  • the center body 18 seen in Fig. 1 is axially and radially symmetric and it is shown forming a gently converging channel to minimize disruption to the blood cells as they are radially accelerated in channels 50 and 52 defined by the stationary blade 20.
  • the blade 20 seen in all the figure exhibits constant pitch however the pitch of the blade may be constant or the pitch may vary along the direction of flow.
  • a single blade and a constant pitch configuration is shown for clarity and simplicity of description. The detail design of this portion of the device results in acceleration of the blood while minimize damage to the blood and it may be useful to vary both center body contour and blade number and pitch to achieve this result.
  • the blood flows into the outlet section 46 which functions in the exemplary embodiment as a diverging nozzle to slow the axial velocity of the blood passing through the device.
  • the design of this section is compromised in favor of minimizing the pressure change on the blood cells. For this reason the included angle 36 defining the taper of this section may vary from about 5 degrees to about 45 degrees.
  • the outlet section 46 cooperates with the separation section 48 to separate the micro bubbles from the blood flow.
  • the blood removed through the secondary outlet 16 contains the concentrated flow of micro bubbles that have migrated toward the centerline of the flow along axis 28 under the force imparted by the radial acceleration section.
  • the shape of the inlet or bubble pick up 25 of the secondary blood flow outlet 26 may take any suitable form but round or circular opening s have proven effective.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic partial cross section of the bubble trap device 10 with an alternate form of center body 60.
  • the center body 60 is essentially cylindrical in form and has blunt entry surfaces.
  • the blood flow is shown by flow stream line 62 which is shown entering the radial acceleration section 44.
  • the blood spirals around the radial acceleration section 44 as depicted by flow streamline 64 which is intended to depict rotary motion about the axis 28.
  • the blood exits the radial acceleration section 44 and continues to spiral around the axis 28 during transit through the outlet section 46 and the separation section 48.
  • the length of the separation section has an important impact on the efficiency of the device . It has been found empirically and supported by a mathematical model, that the relationships between the flow rate, diameters and lengths can result in optimum separation with minimum recirculation flow rate from the secondary outlet 26. These relationships are counterintuitive and can be expressed as ratios of certain geometric relationships.
  • the length "L" of the combined separation section 46 and outlet section 48 should be at least 3 times as long as the diameter "D" of the annular acceleration section 44.
  • the length of the combined separation section 48 and outlet section 463 be not more than 10 times as long as the diameter "D" of the annular acceleration section44. It must be understood that these are estimates and that operation outside of these ranges is possible but less practical and efficient.
  • the nominal flow rate through the bubble trap is approximately 2-7 liters a minute and the nominal diameter "D" of the device is between 1 and 4 centimeters.
  • the width of the channel in the screw section 46 depends on the detail design and some experimentation should be expected to minimize damage to the blood while imparting high radial accelerations. It must be remembered that the pitch of this section also controls the path length for the blood.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of the invention
  • the outlet section 56 and separation section 58 have rounded contours that may be expressed as radii.
  • the curve may be approximated by a circle of radius "R1" between points "A” and “B” and a second radius “R2 between points “B” and “C”.
  • the outlet section 56 blends smoothly with the separation section 58.
  • the center body 38 is blunt on its leading edge and truncated on its trailing edge. Although this shape is not preferred it is associated with effective extraction and concentration of micro bubbles.
  • Fig. 4 shows a preferred design with the overall length of the combined outlet section and separation section 68 is more than 3 diameters away from the radial acceleration section 66. No distinct outlet section is apparent in this design.
  • the included angle 36 defining the "straight" taper of the separation section is larger than 5 degrees.
  • the center body 70 is shown in partial cut away to reveal the contour more clearly. In this instance the center body 70 is blunt at both ends and has a slightly steeper section after the maximum diameter station along the center body.
  • the reference numeral 72 shows the maximum diameter station .and this location is more than half way along the length of the radial acceleration section 66. In this fashion the center body is “sharper" at the leading edge of the flow in the radial acceleration section 66 than at the trailing edge of the radial acceleration section.
  • the computed pressure at the exit of the radial acceleration section at the periphery at location 78 is near 0.0 mm Hg and the pressure at the end of the center body at location 80 is approximately -20mmHg.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

Un piège à bulles ou débulleur (10) servant à éliminer les bulles présentes dans du sang comprend: un corps (12) allongé de piège à bulles doté d'une paroi interne (16) et d'une paroi externe (14); ledit corps (12) ayant un axe longitudinal (28); une première entrée (22) pour le sang et une première sortie (24) pour le sang; une partie radiale (44) d'accélération située entre lesdits orifices d'entrée (22) et de sortie (24); ladite partie d'accélération comprenant une lame (20) couplée à un corps central (18) s'étendant entre ledit corps central et ladite paroi interne (16), ceci formant au moins un passage hélicoïdal reliant ladite première entrée (22) pour le sang à ladite première sortie (24) pour le sang, qui sert à recevoir le sang provenant de ladite première entrée (22) et à appliquer un mouvement de rotation sur l'écoulement t de sang ; ladite partie d'accélération (44) présentant un diamètre extérieur nominal D; ladite première sortie (24) étant située en aval de ladite partie d'accélération (44), ladite deuxième sortie (26) pour le sang étant située à une distance de longueur L dans le sens de l'écoulement du sang en aval de ladite partie de séparation; ladite deuxième sortie (26) étant positionnée à une distance L de ladite partie de séparation et en amont de ladite première sortie (24), où L est au moins trois fois supérieure au diamètre extérieur D de la partie d'accélération (44).
EP00922593A 1999-04-08 2000-03-31 Piege a bulles dynamique Ceased EP1165158A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12834699P 1999-04-08 1999-04-08
US128346P 1999-04-08
PCT/EP2000/002913 WO2000061208A1 (fr) 1999-04-08 2000-03-31 Piege a bulles dynamique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1165158A1 true EP1165158A1 (fr) 2002-01-02

Family

ID=22434883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00922593A Ceased EP1165158A1 (fr) 1999-04-08 2000-03-31 Piege a bulles dynamique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1165158A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002540902A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000061208A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60105738T2 (de) * 2000-11-06 2006-02-16 Convergenza Handelsanstalt Gerät zur Konditionierung von Blut
US9345990B2 (en) * 2013-06-21 2016-05-24 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and apparatus for separation of components of differing buoyancy mixed into a flowing fluid
US9833795B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2017-12-05 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Cascaded axial fluid separator methods and systems

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2063108A (en) * 1979-09-28 1981-06-03 Bethune D Degassing device
DE19545404A1 (de) * 1995-12-06 1997-06-12 Kevin Business Corp Ausscheiden von Luft aus lufthaltigem Blut
DE19719555A1 (de) * 1997-05-09 1998-11-12 Kevin Business Corp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausscheiden von Gas aus gashaltigem Blut

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0061208A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000061208A1 (fr) 2000-10-19
JP2002540902A (ja) 2002-12-03

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