EP1163433A1 - Method and device for producing a metallic honeycomb body - Google Patents
Method and device for producing a metallic honeycomb bodyInfo
- Publication number
- EP1163433A1 EP1163433A1 EP00905042A EP00905042A EP1163433A1 EP 1163433 A1 EP1163433 A1 EP 1163433A1 EP 00905042 A EP00905042 A EP 00905042A EP 00905042 A EP00905042 A EP 00905042A EP 1163433 A1 EP1163433 A1 EP 1163433A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure elements
- honeycomb body
- plate
- shaped
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
- F01N3/2817—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates only with non-corrugated sheets, plates or foils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49345—Catalytic device making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
- Y10T29/49934—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall by axially applying force
Definitions
- the subject matter of the invention relates to a method and to a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body.
- a catalyst comprises a carrier body which is provided with a catalytically active coating.
- the carrier body has a plurality of channels through which an exhaust gas can flow.
- the catalytically effective coating adheres to the walls of the channels.
- the carrier body as such has a honeycomb structure.
- a honeycomb body is preferably designed in the form of a monolithic body. It can consist of a ceramic material. There are also known honeycomb bodies which consist of a metallic material. Such honeycomb bodies are produced by sintering or casting.
- Metallic honeycomb bodies which consist of at least partially structured sheet metal layers, are also known, in particular in the field of exhaust gas catalysts.
- An embodiment of such a metallic honeycomb body is described, for example, in EP 0 263 324 AI.
- the honeycomb body or the matrix is formed from a corrugated or a smooth and a corrugated metal strip.
- the metal strip or the metal strips are wound or folded into a plurality of adjacent layers.
- EP 0 263 324 AI shows a spirally wound honeycomb body.
- the matrix is placed in a jacket tube. If necessary, the honeycomb body is soldered to the jacket tube. Individual sheet metal layers can also be soldered to one another during such a soldering process.
- WO 97/06358 A1 discloses a method for producing a honeycomb body with a multiplicity of fluid-permeable channels from a multiplicity of at least partially structured sheet metal layers, in which a stack is first formed from a plurality of at least partially structured sheets. The stack is placed in an open mold and held in a central area by a holding device. At least two mold segments of the mold are each shifted from their starting positions in such a way that at least a partial section of each jacket section comes to rest on the stack. The stack is then deformed to form a matrix. The matrix formed in this way is introduced into a jacket tube.
- Another method for producing a honeycomb body describes WO 97/00135 AI.
- the present invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body, by means of which a reduction in defects is made possible.
- a matrix is first formed from at least one at least partially structured sheet metal layer by winding, layering or engaging.
- the matrix formed in this way is arranged in a jacket tube.
- the honeycomb body prepared in this way is subjected to an essentially linear force.
- the force is essentially radially inward. The action of force on the
- the lateral surface of the tubular casing is successive, the force being sufficiently high. so that at least the jacket tube is elastically deformed by this.
- Honeycomb body is quasi-tumbled. Noise-free relaxation of the matrix is achieved by this process concept, so that the defects in the matrix are reduced.
- the honeycomb body be arranged between at least two pressure elements spaced apart from one another. At least one of the pressure elements is driven. The distance between at least two of the at least two pressure elements is variable relative to one another. Because at least one pressure element is driven, the necessary force is successively applied to the outer surface of the tubular casing. By changing the distance between the at least two pressure elements, the force necessary for the at least elastic deformation of the casing tube can be set.
- At least one of the pressure elements perform a translatory movement.
- the honeycomb body is preferably between two plate-shaped printing elements, said plate-'-shaped pressure elements are relatively moved toward each other and substantially parallel.
- the plate-shaped pressure elements are moved in opposite directions. This reduces the space requirement or the travel distance of the pressure elements. This is particularly advantageous if the honeycomb body has a relatively large diameter.
- At least one of the pressure elements be moved in a rotary manner.
- all pressure elements are moved in a rotary manner. In this way, a simplified procedure can be achieved. In particular, the space required to carry out the method is reduced.
- the method for producing a metallic honeycomb body is preferably carried out in such a way that the honeycomb body is arranged between at least three cylindrical pressure elements, the cylindrical pressure elements being rotatable about the respective axes.
- the axes of the pressure elements preferably lie on an imaginary circumference.
- the axes are preferably distributed equidistantly from one another on the imaginary circumference.
- a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body is proposed.
- the device has at least two pressure elements movable relative to one another.
- the distance between at least two of the at least two pressure elements can be varied relative to one another, so that the pressure elements can be brought into contact with the outer surface of the tubular casing and successively exert a substantially radially inward force on at least part of the circumference of the tubular casing, through which at least the tubular casing is elastically deformable.
- At least one of the pressure elements is preferably connected to a drive.
- the force with which the pressure elements act on the jacket surface of the jacket tube is adjustable. If necessary, corresponding sensors can be provided on at least one pressure element, which measure the force.
- At least one of the pressure elements can be moved in translation.
- the pressure elements are preferably plate-shaped and can be moved essentially parallel to one another.
- the honeycomb body is arranged between these plate-shaped pressure elements.
- the pressure elements can be rotated.
- the device be formed by at least three cylindrical pressure elements, the cylindrical pressure elements being rotatable about their respective axes.
- FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device in a perspective view
- FIG. 3 shows the device according to FIG. 1 in a front view
- Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of an apparatus
- Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of a device.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a honeycomb body, which is formed by a matrix and a jacket tube 5.
- the matrix is formed by alternating layers of smooth 1 and corrugated 2 sheets.
- the smooth and the corrugated sheets 1, 2 are first layered and then entwined around each other around the wrapping axes 3, 4.
- the matrix is then introduced into the casing tube 5.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a first exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body.
- the device has pressure elements 6, 7, 8, between which the honeycomb body is arranged.
- the pressure elements 6, 7, 8 are cylindrically 'formed RMIG.
- Each pressure element 6, 7, 8 is rotatably mounted about its respective axis 9, 10, 11.
- At least one of the pressure elements 6, 7, 8 is connected to a drive unit, which is not shown.
- the pressure element 6 is designed such that it can be moved from and to the honeycomb body.
- the force with which the pressure element 6 presses against the jacket 6 of the honeycomb body can be adjusted by means not shown.
- the pressure elements 6, 7, 8 are arranged on an imaginary circumference 12. They are arranged equidistant from each other.
- a honeycomb body is introduced between the pressure elements 6, 7, 8 and a corresponding force is set, then at least one pressure element is set into a rotational movement via the drive (not shown). Between the pressure elements and the honeycomb body, linear contact areas are created, each of which introduces a radially inward force at least into the casing tube 5, so that at least the casing tube 5 is elastically deformed. As a result of the rotation, the force is successively introduced into the jacket tube at different areas in the circumferential direction of the jacket tube. The honeycomb body is tumbled between the printing elements.
- Fig. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body.
- a honeycomb body is arranged between two plate-shaped pressure elements 13, 14.
- the plate-shaped pressure elements 13, 14 can be moved relative to one another, so that the force with which the pressure elements 13, 14 acts on the casing tube 5 can be set differently.
- the plate-shaped pressure elements 13, 14 are preferably movable in opposite directions.
- the device shown schematically in FIG. 4 can also be modified in such a way that only a plate-shaped pressure element is moved.
- the other plate-shaped pressure element is arranged in a stationary manner.
- the device comprises pressure elements 16 which are cylindrical.
- An essentially plate-shaped pressure element 15 forms, together with the pressure elements 16, an intermediate space into which the honeycomb body is introduced.
- the pressure elements 15, 16 rest on the outer surface of the tubular casing 5.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The aim of the invention is to produce a metallic honeycomb body. To this end, the honeycomb body is milled between pressure elements (6, 7, 8) in such a way that at least the surface area (5) of the jacket tube is elastically deformed.
Description
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines metallischen WabenköφersMethod and device for producing a metallic honeycomb body
Der Gegenstand der Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren sowie auf eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers.The subject matter of the invention relates to a method and to a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body.
Insbesondere zur Reduktion bestimmter Schadstoffkomponenten in Abgasen, insbesondere in Abgasen von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, vorzugsweise Ottomotoren, werden sogenannte Katalysatoren verwendet. Ein Katalysator umfaßt einen Trägerköφer, der mit einer katalytisch wirksamen Beschichtung versehen ist. Der Trägerköφer weist eine Vielzahl von für ein Abgas durchströmbaren Kanälen auf. An den Wänden der Kanäle haftet die katalytisch wirksame Beschichtung. Der Trägerköφer als solcher weist eine wabenförmige Struktur auf.So-called catalysts are used in particular to reduce certain pollutant components in exhaust gases, in particular in exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, preferably gasoline engines. A catalyst comprises a carrier body which is provided with a catalytically active coating. The carrier body has a plurality of channels through which an exhaust gas can flow. The catalytically effective coating adheres to the walls of the channels. The carrier body as such has a honeycomb structure.
Ein Wabenköφer ist vorzugsweise in Form eines monolithischen Köφers ausgebildet. Er kann aus einem keramischen Werkstoff bestehen. Es sind auch Wabenköφer bekannt, die aus einem metallischen Werkstoff bestehen. Solche Wabenköφer werden durch Sintern oder Gießen hergestellt.A honeycomb body is preferably designed in the form of a monolithic body. It can consist of a ceramic material. There are also known honeycomb bodies which consist of a metallic material. Such honeycomb bodies are produced by sintering or casting.
Insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der Abgaskatalysatoren sind auch metallische Wabenköφer bekannt, die aus wenigstens teilweise strukturierten Blechlagen bestehen. Eine Ausftihrungsform eines solchen metallischen Wabenköφers beschreibt beispielsweise die EP 0 263 324 AI . Der Wabenköφer bzw. die Matrix ist aus einem gewellten oder einem glatten und einem gewellten Metallband gebildet. Das Metallband bzw. die Metallbänder werden zu mehreren aneinander grenzenden Schichten gewickelt oder gefaltet. Die EP 0 263 324 AI zeigt einen spiralig gewickelten Wabenköφer. Die Matrix wird in ein Mantelrohr eingebracht. Gegebenenfalls wird der Wabenköφer mit dem Mantelrohr verlötet. Während eines solchen Lötvorgangs können auch einzelne Blechlagen untereinander verlötet werden.
Zur Herstellung eines Wabenköφers mit einer Vielzahl von für ein Fluid durchlässigen Kanälen aus einer Vielzahl von zumindest teilweise strukturierten Blechlagen ist durch die WO 97/06358 AI ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem zunächst ein Stapel aus einer Mehrzahl von zumindest teilweise strukturierten Blechen gebildet wird. Der Stapel wird in eine offene Form eingebracht und in dieser von einer Halteeinrichtung in einem Zentralbereich gehalten. Wenigstens zwei Formsegmente der Form werden aus ihren Ausgangslagen jeweils so verschoben, daß wenigstens ein Teilabschnitt eines jeden Mantelabschnitts zur Anlage am Stapel gelangt. Danach wird der Stapel unter Ausbildung einer Matrix verformt. Die so ausgebildete Matrix wird in ein Mantelrohr eingebracht.Metallic honeycomb bodies, which consist of at least partially structured sheet metal layers, are also known, in particular in the field of exhaust gas catalysts. An embodiment of such a metallic honeycomb body is described, for example, in EP 0 263 324 AI. The honeycomb body or the matrix is formed from a corrugated or a smooth and a corrugated metal strip. The metal strip or the metal strips are wound or folded into a plurality of adjacent layers. EP 0 263 324 AI shows a spirally wound honeycomb body. The matrix is placed in a jacket tube. If necessary, the honeycomb body is soldered to the jacket tube. Individual sheet metal layers can also be soldered to one another during such a soldering process. WO 97/06358 A1 discloses a method for producing a honeycomb body with a multiplicity of fluid-permeable channels from a multiplicity of at least partially structured sheet metal layers, in which a stack is first formed from a plurality of at least partially structured sheets. The stack is placed in an open mold and held in a central area by a holding device. At least two mold segments of the mold are each shifted from their starting positions in such a way that at least a partial section of each jacket section comes to rest on the stack. The stack is then deformed to form a matrix. The matrix formed in this way is introduced into a jacket tube.
Ein weiteres Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wabenköφers beschreibt die WO 97/00135 AI.Another method for producing a honeycomb body describes WO 97/00135 AI.
Während der Ausbildung der Matrix entstehen ungleichmäßig über den Querschnitt der Matrix verteilte Spannungen, die zur Ausbildung von Fehlstellen führen können. Bei solchen Fehlstellen wird die Festigkeit der Matrix reduziert, da die benachbarten Blechlagen in diesen Bereichen nicht miteinander verlötet werden. Dieses Problem tritt insbesondere dann verstärkt auf, wenn die Matrix aus Blechlagen gebildet ist, die eine MikroStruktur, insbesondere eine transversale MikroStruktur, aufweisen.During the formation of the matrix, stresses are distributed unevenly over the cross section of the matrix, which can lead to the formation of defects. In the case of such defects, the strength of the matrix is reduced, since the adjacent sheet metal layers are not soldered to one another in these areas. This problem occurs in particular when the matrix is formed from sheet metal layers which have a microstructure, in particular a transverse microstructure.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers anzugeben, durch das bzw. die eine Reduktion von Fehlstellen ermöglicht wird.Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body, by means of which a reduction in defects is made possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing a metallic honeycomb body with the features of claim 1 or by a device according to the invention with the features of claim 9.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sowie
der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind Gegenstand der jeweiligen abhängigen Patentansprüche.Further advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are the subject of the respective dependent claims.
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers wird zunächst aus zumindest einer wenigstens teilweise strukturierten Blechlage eine Matrix durch Wickeln, Schichten oder Verschlingen gebildet. Die so ausgebildete Matrix wird in einem Mantelrohr angeordnet. In einem weiteren Herstellungsschritt wird der so vorbereitete Wabenköφer mit einer im wesentlichen linienförmigen Kraft beaufschlagt. Die Kraft ist im wesentlichen radial einwärts gerichtet. Die Einwirkung der Kraft auf dieAccording to the method according to the invention for producing a metallic honeycomb body, a matrix is first formed from at least one at least partially structured sheet metal layer by winding, layering or engaging. The matrix formed in this way is arranged in a jacket tube. In a further manufacturing step, the honeycomb body prepared in this way is subjected to an essentially linear force. The force is essentially radially inward. The action of force on the
Mantelfläche des Mantelrohres erfolgt sukzessiv, wobei die Kraft ausreichend hoch ist. so daß durch diese wenigstens das Mantelrohr elastisch verformt. DerThe lateral surface of the tubular casing is successive, the force being sufficiently high. so that at least the jacket tube is elastically deformed by this. The
Wabenköφer wird quasi gewalkt. Durch diese Verfahrenskonzeption wird ein lärmfreies Entspannen der Matrix erreicht, so daß die Fehlstellen der Matrix reduziert werden.Honeycomb body is quasi-tumbled. Noise-free relaxation of the matrix is achieved by this process concept, so that the defects in the matrix are reduced.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Wabenköφer zwischen wenigstens zwei zueinander beabstandeten Druckelementen angeordnet wird. Mindestens eines der Druckelemente wird angetrieben. Der Abstand zwischen mindestens zwei der mindestens zwei Druckelemente ist relativ zueinander veränderlich. Dadurch, daß wenigstens ein Druckelement angetrieben wird, wird sukzessiv die Mantelfläche des Mantelrohres mit der notwendigen Kraft beaufschlagt. Durch die Veränderung des Abstandes zwischen den wenigstens zwei Druckelementen kann die zur wenigstens elastischen Verformung des Mantelrohres notwendige Kraft eingestellt werden.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is proposed that the honeycomb body be arranged between at least two pressure elements spaced apart from one another. At least one of the pressure elements is driven. The distance between at least two of the at least two pressure elements is variable relative to one another. Because at least one pressure element is driven, the necessary force is successively applied to the outer surface of the tubular casing. By changing the distance between the at least two pressure elements, the force necessary for the at least elastic deformation of the casing tube can be set.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, daß wenigstens eines der Druckelemente eine translatorische Bewegung ausführt. Vorzugsweise wird der Wabenköφer zwischen zwei
plattenförmigen Druckelementen angeordnet, wobei die plattenf 'rmigen Druckelemente relativ und im wesentlichen parallel zueinander bewegt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that at least one of the pressure elements perform a translatory movement. The honeycomb body is preferably between two plate-shaped printing elements, said plate-'-shaped pressure elements are relatively moved toward each other and substantially parallel.
Es ist nicht zwingend notwendig, daß beide Druckelemente bewegt werden. Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, daß lediglich ein plattenförmiges Druckelement bewegt wird, während das andere plattenförmige Druckelement ortsfest angeordnet ist. Dies führt zu einer Vereinfachung der Verfahrensführung.It is not absolutely necessary for both pressure elements to be moved. According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, it is proposed that only one plate-shaped pressure element is moved while the other plate-shaped pressure element is arranged in a stationary manner. This leads to a simplification of the procedure.
Gemäß einer noch weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, daß die plattenförmigen Druckelemente entgegengesetzt gerichtet bewegt werden. Hierdurch wird der Platzbedarf bzw. die Verfahrstrecke der Druckelemente reduziert. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn der Wabenköφer einen relativ großen Durchmesser aufweist.According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the method, it is proposed that the plate-shaped pressure elements are moved in opposite directions. This reduces the space requirement or the travel distance of the pressure elements. This is particularly advantageous if the honeycomb body has a relatively large diameter.
Nach einer noch weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird vorgeschlagen, daß wenigstens eines der Druckelemente rotatorisch bewegt wird. Insbesondere wird vorgeschlagen, daß alle Druckelemente rotatorisch bewegt werden. Hierdurch kann eine vereinfachte Verfahrensführung erreicht werden. Insbesondere wird der Platzbedarf für die Durchführung des Verfahrens verringert.According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the method, it is proposed that at least one of the pressure elements be moved in a rotary manner. In particular, it is proposed that all pressure elements are moved in a rotary manner. In this way, a simplified procedure can be achieved. In particular, the space required to carry out the method is reduced.
Vorzugsweise wird das Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers in der Weise durchgeführt, daß der Wabenköφer zwischen wenigstens drei zylinderförmigen Druckelementen angeordnet wird, wobei die zylinderförmigen Druckelemente um die jeweiligen Achsen drehbar sind. Vorzugsweise liegen die Achsen der Druckelemente auf einem gedachten Kreisumfang. Vorzugsweise sind die Achsen äquidistant zueinander auf dem gedachten Kreisumfang verteilt.
Gemäß einem weiteren erfinderischen Gedanken wird eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers vorgeschlagen. Die Vorrichtung weist wenigstens zwei relativ zueinander bewegliche Druckelemente auf. Der Abstand mindestens zweier der wenigstens zwei Druckelemente ist relativ zueinander veränderlich, so daß die Druckelemente zur Anlage an die Mantelfläche des Mantelrohres bringbar sind und sukzessiv auf wenigstens einen Teil des Umfangs des Mantelrohres eine im wesentlichen radial einwärts gerichtete Kraft ausüben, durch die wenigstens das Mantelrohr elastisch verformbar ist.The method for producing a metallic honeycomb body is preferably carried out in such a way that the honeycomb body is arranged between at least three cylindrical pressure elements, the cylindrical pressure elements being rotatable about the respective axes. The axes of the pressure elements preferably lie on an imaginary circumference. The axes are preferably distributed equidistantly from one another on the imaginary circumference. According to a further inventive idea, a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body is proposed. The device has at least two pressure elements movable relative to one another. The distance between at least two of the at least two pressure elements can be varied relative to one another, so that the pressure elements can be brought into contact with the outer surface of the tubular casing and successively exert a substantially radially inward force on at least part of the circumference of the tubular casing, through which at least the tubular casing is elastically deformable.
Vorzugsweise ist mindestens eines der Druckelemente mit einem Antrieb verbunden. Die Kraft, mit der die Druckelemente auf de Mantelfläche des Mantelrohres einwirken ist einstellbar. Gegebenenfalls können entsprechende Sensoren an wenigstens einem Druckelement vorgesehen sein, die die Kraft messen.At least one of the pressure elements is preferably connected to a drive. The force with which the pressure elements act on the jacket surface of the jacket tube is adjustable. If necessary, corresponding sensors can be provided on at least one pressure element, which measure the force.
Insbesondere wird vorgeschlagen, daß wenigstens eines der Druckelemente translatorisch bewegbar ist. Die Druckelemente sind vorzugsweise plattenförmig ausgebildet und im wesentlichen parallel zueinander bewegbar. Zwischen diesen plattenförmigen Druckelementen wird der Wabenköφer angeordnet.In particular, it is proposed that at least one of the pressure elements can be moved in translation. The pressure elements are preferably plate-shaped and can be moved essentially parallel to one another. The honeycomb body is arranged between these plate-shaped pressure elements.
Alternativ können die Druckelemente rotatorisch bewegbar sein. Insbesondere wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Vorrichtung durch wenigstens drei zylinderförmige Druckelemente gebildet ist, wobei die zylinderförmigen Druckelemente um ihre jeweilige Achse drehbar sind.Alternatively, the pressure elements can be rotated. In particular, it is proposed that the device be formed by at least three cylindrical pressure elements, the cylindrical pressure elements being rotatable about their respective axes.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert.
Es zeigen:Further details and advantages of the invention are explained on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 schematisch und perspektivisch einen Wabenköφer,1 schematically and in perspective a honeycomb body,
Fig. 2 ein erstes Ausfuhrungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device in a perspective view,
Fig. 3 die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einer Vorderansicht,3 shows the device according to FIG. 1 in a front view,
Fig. 4 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung undFig. 4 shows a second embodiment of an apparatus and
Fig. 5 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung.Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of a device.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Wabenköφer, der durch eine Matrix und ein Mantelrohr 5 gebildet ist. Die Matrix ist durch abwechselnde Lagen glatter 1 und gewellter 2 Bleche gebildet. Die glatten und die gewellten Bleche 1, 2 werden zunächst geschichtet und dann umeinander um die Umschlingungsachsen 3, 4 miteinander verschlungen. Danach wird die Matrix in das Mantelrohr 5 eingebracht.Fig. 1 shows schematically a honeycomb body, which is formed by a matrix and a jacket tube 5. The matrix is formed by alternating layers of smooth 1 and corrugated 2 sheets. The smooth and the corrugated sheets 1, 2 are first layered and then entwined around each other around the wrapping axes 3, 4. The matrix is then introduced into the casing tube 5.
Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch ein erstes Ausfuhrungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers. Die Vorrichtung weist Druckelemente 6, 7, 8 auf, zwischen denen der Wabenköφer angeordnet ist. Die Druckelemente 6, 7, 8 sind zylinderf 'rmig ausgebildet. Ein jedes Druckelement 6, 7, 8 ist um seine jeweilige Achse 9, 10, 11 verdrehbar gelagert. Wenigstens eines der Druckelemente 6, 7, 8 ist mit einer Antriebseinheit, welche nicht dargestellt ist, verbunden. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Druckelement 6 so ausgebildet, daß dieses von dem Wabenköφer und zu diesem verfahrbar ist. Über nicht dargestellte Mittel kann die Kraft, mit der das Druckelement 6 gegen den Mantel 6 des Wabenköφers druckt, eingestellt werden.
Die Druckelemente 6, 7, 8 sind auf einem gedachten Kreisumfang 12 angeordnet. Sie sind äquidistant zueinander angeordnet.Fig. 2 shows schematically a first exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body. The device has pressure elements 6, 7, 8, between which the honeycomb body is arranged. The pressure elements 6, 7, 8 are cylindrically 'formed RMIG. Each pressure element 6, 7, 8 is rotatably mounted about its respective axis 9, 10, 11. At least one of the pressure elements 6, 7, 8 is connected to a drive unit, which is not shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the pressure element 6 is designed such that it can be moved from and to the honeycomb body. The force with which the pressure element 6 presses against the jacket 6 of the honeycomb body can be adjusted by means not shown. The pressure elements 6, 7, 8 are arranged on an imaginary circumference 12. They are arranged equidistant from each other.
Wird ein Wabenköφer zwischen die Druckelemente 6, 7, 8 eingebracht und eine entsprechende Kraft eingestellt, so wird wenigstens ein Druckelement über den nicht dargestellten Antrieb ist in eine Rotationsbewegung versetzt. Zwischen den Druckelementen und dem Wabenköφer entstehen linienförmige Berührungsbereiche, die jeweils eine radial einwärts gerichtete Kraft wenigstens in das Mantelrohr 5 einleiten, so daß wenigstens das Mantelrohr 5 elastisch verformt wird. Durch die Rotation wird die Kraft sukzessiv in Umfangsrichtung des Mantelrohrs betrachtet an unterschiedlichen Bereichen in das Mantelrohr eingebracht. Der Wabenköφer wird zwischen den Druckelementen gewalkt.If a honeycomb body is introduced between the pressure elements 6, 7, 8 and a corresponding force is set, then at least one pressure element is set into a rotational movement via the drive (not shown). Between the pressure elements and the honeycomb body, linear contact areas are created, each of which introduces a radially inward force at least into the casing tube 5, so that at least the casing tube 5 is elastically deformed. As a result of the rotation, the force is successively introduced into the jacket tube at different areas in the circumferential direction of the jacket tube. The honeycomb body is tumbled between the printing elements.
Fig. 4 zeigt ein zweites Ausfuhrungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers. Ein Wabenköφer wird zwischen zwei plattenförmigen Druckelementen 13, 14 angeordnet. Die plattenförmigen Druckelemente 13, 14 sind relativ zueinander bewegbar, so daß die Kraft, mit der die Druckelemente 13, 14 auf das Mantelrohr 5 einwirkt unterschiedlich eingestellt werden kann. In dem dargestellten Ausfuhrungsbeispiel nach Fig. 4 sind die plattenförmigen Druckelemente 13, 14 vorzugsweise entgegengesetzt gerichtet bewegbar. Die in der Fig. 4 schematisch dargestellte Vorrichtung kann auch in der Weise abgeändert werden, daß lediglich ein plattenförmiges Druckelement bewegt wird. Das andere plattenförmige Druckelement ist ortsfest angeordnet.Fig. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a metallic honeycomb body. A honeycomb body is arranged between two plate-shaped pressure elements 13, 14. The plate-shaped pressure elements 13, 14 can be moved relative to one another, so that the force with which the pressure elements 13, 14 acts on the casing tube 5 can be set differently. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the plate-shaped pressure elements 13, 14 are preferably movable in opposite directions. The device shown schematically in FIG. 4 can also be modified in such a way that only a plate-shaped pressure element is moved. The other plate-shaped pressure element is arranged in a stationary manner.
Fig. 5 zeigt ein noch weiteres Ausfuhrungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung. Die Vorrichtung umfaßt Druckelemente 16, die zylinderförmig ausgebildet sind. Ein im wesentlichen plattenförmiges Druckelement 15 bildet gemeinsam mit den Druck-elementen 16 einen Zwischenraum, in den der Wabenköφer eingebracht wird. Die Druckelemente 15, 16 liegen an der Mantelfläche des Mantelrohres 5 an. Durch Bewegung des plattenförmigen Druckelementes 15 in einer zum
plattenförmigen Druckelement parallelen Ebene kann wenigstens das Mantelrohr 5 elastisch verformt werden, so daß wenigstens die Anzahl der Fehlstellen in der Matrix reduziert wird.
5 shows yet another exemplary embodiment of a device. The device comprises pressure elements 16 which are cylindrical. An essentially plate-shaped pressure element 15 forms, together with the pressure elements 16, an intermediate space into which the honeycomb body is introduced. The pressure elements 15, 16 rest on the outer surface of the tubular casing 5. By moving the plate-shaped pressure element 15 in a to plate-shaped pressure element parallel plane, at least the casing tube 5 can be elastically deformed, so that at least the number of defects in the matrix is reduced.
BezugszeichenlisteReference list
glatte Blechlage strukturierte Blechlage , 4 Umschlingungsachsen Mantelrohr , 7, 8 Druckelement , 10, 11 Achse 2 Kreis 3, 14, 15 plattenförmiges Druckelement 6 zylinderförmiges Druckelement
smooth sheet metal layer structured sheet metal layer, 4 wrapping axes jacket tube, 7, 8 pressure element, 10, 11 axis 2 circle 3, 14, 15 plate-shaped pressure element 6 cylindrical pressure element
Claims
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers, bei dem zumindest eine wenigstens teilweise strukturierte Blechlage (1, 2) zu einer Matrix gewickelt, geschichtet oder geschlungen und in einem Mantelrohr1. A method for producing a metallic honeycomb body, in which at least one at least partially structured sheet metal layer (1, 2) is wound, layered or looped into a matrix and in a tubular casing
(5) angeordnet wird; in Umfangsrichtung des Mantelrohres (5) betrachtet, wird auf die Mantelfläche des Mantelrohres (5) sukzessive eine im wesentlichen linienförmige und im wesentlichen radialeinwärts gerichtete Kraft ausgeübt, durch die wenigstens das Mantelrohr (5) elastisch verformt wird.(5) is arranged; When viewed in the circumferential direction of the casing tube (5), an essentially linear and essentially radially inward force is successively exerted on the casing surface of the casing tube (5), by means of which at least the casing tube (5) is elastically deformed.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Wabenköφer zwischen wenigstens zwei zueinander beabstandeten Druckelementen (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) angeordnet und mindestens eins der Druckelemente (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) angetrieben wird, wobei der Abstand mindestens zweier der wenigstens zwei Druckelemente (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) relativ zueinander veränderlich ist.2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the honeycomb body is arranged between at least two spaced-apart pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) and at least one of the pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15 , 16) is driven, the distance between at least two of the at least two pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) being variable relative to one another.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem wenigstens eins der Druckelemente (13, 14, 15) translatorisch bewegt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the pressure elements (13, 14, 15) is moved in translation.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, bei dem der Wabenköφer zwischen zwei plattenförmigen Druckelementen (13, 14) angeordnet wird, wobei die plattenförmigen Druckelemente (13, 14) relativ und im wesentlichen parallel zueinander bewegt werden.4. The method according to claim 3, in which the honeycomb body is arranged between two plate-shaped pressure elements (13, 14), the plate-shaped pressure elements (13, 14) being moved relatively and essentially parallel to one another.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, bei dem ein plattenförmiges Druckelement ortsfest ist und das andere plattenförmige Druckelement bewegt wird.5. The method according to claim 4, wherein one plate-shaped pressure element is stationary and the other plate-shaped pressure element is moved.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, bei dem die plattenförmigen Druckelemente6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the plate-shaped printing elements
(13, 14) entgegengesetzt gerichtet bewegt werden. (13, 14) are moved in opposite directions.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, bei dem wenigstens eins der7. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein at least one of the
Druckelemente (6, 7, 8, 16) rotatorisch bewegt wird.Pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 16) is rotated.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem der Wabenköφer zwischen wenigstens drei zylinderförmigen Druckelementen (6, 7, 8) angeordnet wird, wobei die zylinderförmigen Druckelemente (6, 7, 8) um die jeweilige Achse (9, 10, 11) drehbar sind.8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the honeycomb body is arranged between at least three cylindrical pressure elements (6, 7, 8), the cylindrical pressure elements (6, 7, 8) being rotatable about the respective axis (9, 10, 11) .
9. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines metallischen Wabenköφers mit einer aus zumindest einer wenigstens teilweise strukturierter Blechlage (1, 2) gewickelten, geschichteten oder geschlungenen Matrix und mit einem Mantelrohr (5), in dem die Matrix angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung wenigstens zwei ralativ zueinander bewegliche Druckelemente (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) aufweist, daß der Abstand mindestens zweier der wenigstens zwei Druckelemente (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) relativ zueinander veränderlich ist, wobei der Wabenköφer zwischen den Druckelementen (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) so anordenbar ist, daß die Druckelemente (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) zur Anlage an die Mantelfläche des Mantelrohres (5) bringbar sind und diese sukzessive auf wenigstens einen9. Device for producing a metallic honeycomb body with an at least partially structured sheet metal layer (1, 2) wound, layered or looped matrix and with a jacket tube (5) in which the matrix is arranged, characterized in that the device at least has two relatively movable pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) that the distance between at least two of the at least two pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) is variable relative to each other , wherein the honeycomb body between the pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) can be arranged so that the pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) for contact with the lateral surface of the Jacket tube (5) can be brought and these successively to at least one
Teil des Umfangs des Mantelrohres (5) eine im wesentlichen radialeinwärts gerichtete Kraft ausüben, durch die wenigstens das Mantelrohr (5) elastisch verformt wird.Part of the circumference of the casing tube (5) exerts a substantially radially inward force, by means of which at least the casing tube (5) is elastically deformed.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eins der Druckelemente (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) mit einem Antrieb verbunden ist.10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) is connected to a drive.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eins der Druckelemente (13, 14, 15) translatorisch bewegbar ist. 11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least one of the pressure elements (13, 14, 15) is translationally movable.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the
Druckelemente (13, 14) plattenförmig ausgebildet und im wesentlichen parallel zueinander bewegbar sind.Pressure elements (13, 14) are plate-shaped and can be moved essentially parallel to one another.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein plattenförmiges Druckelement ortsfest und das andere Druckelement bewegbar ist.13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that a plate-shaped pressure element is stationary and the other pressure element is movable.
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die plattenförmigen Druckelemente (13, 14) entgegengesetzt gerichtet bewegbar sind.14. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the plate-shaped pressure elements (13, 14) are movable in opposite directions.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eins der Druckelemente (6, 7, 8, 16) rotatorisch bewegbar ist.15. The apparatus according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one of the pressure elements (6, 7, 8, 16) is rotatably movable.
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens drei zylinderförmige Druckelemente (6, 7, 8) vorgesehen sind, wobei die zylinderförmigen Druckelemente (6, 7, 8) um die jeweilige Achse (9, 10, 11) drehbar sind. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that at least three cylindrical pressure elements (6, 7, 8) are provided, the cylindrical pressure elements (6, 7, 8) about the respective axis (9, 10, 11) are rotatable.
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DE19912871A DE19912871A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-03-22 | Method and device for producing a metallic honeycomb body |
DE19912871 | 1999-03-22 | ||
PCT/EP2000/001035 WO2000057039A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2000-02-09 | Method and device for producing a metallic honeycomb body |
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DE3634235C1 (en) | 1986-10-08 | 1988-03-31 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Matrix for a catalytic reactor for exhaust gas cleaning |
DE4241469A1 (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1994-06-16 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Catalytic converter with two or more honeycomb bodies in a tubular casing and process for its production |
US5960529A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1999-10-05 | Emitec Gessellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Apparatus and method for deforming a jacket tube of a honeycomb body |
DE19521685C2 (en) | 1995-06-14 | 1998-04-16 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Method and device for manufacturing a honeycomb body |
DE19528963A1 (en) | 1995-08-07 | 1997-02-13 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Device and method for producing a honeycomb body |
IT1303635B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2001-02-21 | Corning Inc | METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF A CATALYTIC CONVERTER TO BE USED IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
US6591497B2 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2003-07-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of making converter housing size based upon substrate size |
US6317976B1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2001-11-20 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making a catalytic converter for use in an internal combustion engine |
-
1999
- 1999-03-22 DE DE19912871A patent/DE19912871A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-02-09 RU RU2001126560/02A patent/RU2233207C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-09 PL PL00349954A patent/PL349954A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-09 JP JP2000606883A patent/JP2002539952A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-09 WO PCT/EP2000/001035 patent/WO2000057039A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-09 AU AU26712/00A patent/AU2671200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-09 KR KR1020017012041A patent/KR20020000864A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-09 EP EP00905042A patent/EP1163433A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-09 CN CNB008053537A patent/CN1133802C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-29 TW TW089103499A patent/TW467789B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-09-24 US US09/962,702 patent/US6751864B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0057039A1 * |
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CN1133802C (en) | 2004-01-07 |
CN1344349A (en) | 2002-04-10 |
JP2002539952A (en) | 2002-11-26 |
AU2671200A (en) | 2000-10-09 |
US20020069529A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
KR20020000864A (en) | 2002-01-05 |
WO2000057039A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
DE19912871A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
RU2233207C2 (en) | 2004-07-27 |
TW467789B (en) | 2001-12-11 |
PL349954A1 (en) | 2002-10-21 |
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