EP1159573A1 - Echangeur de chaleur a plaques brasees et appareil de distillation d'air equipe d'un tel echangeur - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur a plaques brasees et appareil de distillation d'air equipe d'un tel echangeurInfo
- Publication number
- EP1159573A1 EP1159573A1 EP00909400A EP00909400A EP1159573A1 EP 1159573 A1 EP1159573 A1 EP 1159573A1 EP 00909400 A EP00909400 A EP 00909400A EP 00909400 A EP00909400 A EP 00909400A EP 1159573 A1 EP1159573 A1 EP 1159573A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- waves
- exchanger according
- exchange
- deflection
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to heat exchangers with brazed plates, of the type comprising at least one fluid passage extending in a first direction, provided with exchange waves substantially parallel to the first direction and comprising, at an intermediate location of its length, at least one redistribution zone associated with at least one lateral collector and provided with deflection waves extending in at least a second direction forming an angle with the first direction, this redistribution zone occupying the entire width of the passage , transverse to the first direction, the deflection waves all communicating with exchange waves.
- the present invention relates more particularly, although not exclusively, to heat exchangers for vaporizing liquids under pressure, in particular cryogenic liquids under pressure.
- the so-called "pump" air separation devices produce at least one air gas (generally oxygen) in liquid form which is put under pressure by a pump before its vaporization, thus making it possible to avoid compress the pure products in gaseous form by a compressor, which is particularly advantageous, economically and technically, and safer with oxygen.
- the heating and vaporization of the pressurized liquid take place in a heat exchange line which generally consists of one or more exchanger bodies, typically of the plate and brazed aluminum type.
- a heat exchange line which generally consists of one or more exchanger bodies, typically of the plate and brazed aluminum type.
- the temperature difference between the vaporizing fluid and the neighboring circulating fluids is significant, which can greatly exceed 10 ° C, typically between 10 ° C and 30 ° C, the local temperature of the wall and of the waves can vary quickly and suddenly , typically from 5 to 15 ° C repeatedly, which is sufficient to cause thermal fatigue phenomena.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger structure comprising at least one redistribution zone, in particular avoiding the drawbacks mentioned above.
- the invention relates to an exchanger of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the deflection waves have substantially the same rigidity as the exchange waves.
- the distribution zone has a rigidity comparable to that of the rest of the passage, and the heat exchange with the fluids whose temperature changes the least and most slowly is favored.
- the deflection waves have substantially the same geometric proportions as the exchange waves, that is to say are relatively not very rigid and offer a good heat exchange surface.
- the deflection waves and the exchange waves can be of different types (perforated and non-perforated, and / or offset ("serrated") and not offset).
- the present invention also aims to propose the application of such an exchanger to the vaporization of pressurized liquids, typically to the vaporization of cryogenic liquids under pressure. This is why the invention has for another object an air distillation apparatus producing at least one cryogenic liquid under pressure and equipped with at least one such exchanger serving to vaporize this liquid.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a redistribution zone of a heat exchanger according to the invention
- - Figure 2 is a schematic view of a redistribution zone of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention
- - Figure 3 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of a redistribution zone of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
- Figure 1 there is shown, very schematically, a wall or plate 1 of a brazed metal plate exchanger separating two fluid passages including one P, as shown schematically in cross section on the left side of the figure 1, conveys a fluid which is transformed by vaporization from a liquid state 2 to a gaseous state 3.
- a redistribution zone 5 At the level of the interface zone 4 where the liquid phase under pressure finishes vaporizing, there is shown in an adjacent passage P 'shown in longitudinal section a redistribution zone 5 from which the circulating fluid, normally circulating along the wall 1 in the main direction of circulation of the exchanger (vertical descending in the figure) is diverted laterally to a manifold 6 for be partially extracted from the exchanger (arrow E).
- the wall 1 is provided with relatively thin parallel exchange waves 7 with a tight pitch (much tighter than shown in the figures so as not to overload them).
- the flow is deflected from and towards the lateral collector 6 by deflection waves 8 from the zone 5, having substantially the same geometric characteristics (thickness, shape, density) as the exchange waves 7, but extending here orthogonally to the latter.
- FIG. 1 shows that the flow is deflected from and towards the lateral collector 6 by deflection waves 8 from the zone 5, having substantially the same geometric characteristics (thickness, shape, density) as the exchange waves 7, but extending here orthogonally to the latter.
- the waves 8 are distributed in a prismatic volume with a V section extending progressively over the entire cross section of the passage defined by the exchange waves 7, a median wave 8a thus separating the passage in two zones, one, upper, where the entire flow F of circulating fluid descending along the waves 7 is deflected towards the collector 6, the other lower, where part of the circulating fluid collected in the collector 6 is redistributed down the passage P 'with exchange waves 7.
- such an arrangement makes it possible to eliminate the internal sealing bars which constitute mechanical inhomogeneities and which create dead zones, isolated from the passage of fluids and therefore sensitive to only temperature variations of the other. side of the wall.
- a flow resistance or pressure drop typically consisting of a short section d 'exchange waves 10 arranged in "hard way", that is to say orthogonally to the flow F, and with openings offset in baffle or of the type "serrated".
- FIG. 2 represents an embodiment where the derived flow E is preselected by deflection of a predetermined part of the incoming flow F, part of which crosses directly, with redistribution, the redistribution zone 5.
- the deflection waves 8 form with the exchange waves 7 an angle greater than that of the diagonal of the distribution surface, the height of which is defined by the collector 6.
- One (8b) of these waves which is connected to an exchange wave 7 , defines the separation between the flow deflected in the collector 6 and the flow directly passing through the redistribution zone 5. This thus has a rectangular trapezoidal section, with its point situated on the edge of the passage opposite to the collector 6 and its side oblique directed upwards.
- FIG. 3 represents an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 2 but with deflection waves 8 this time parallel to the diagonal of the distribution surface, which is here marked by a median deflection wave 8a extending transversely from edge to edge of the main passage.
- the zone 5 has a rectangular section and, similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1, all the incoming flow F is diverted towards the right collector 6d, an external line 9 returning part of the flow extracted from the right collector 6d towards a left collector 6g_a! imenting half of the wave pattern 8 which communicates with the exchange waves located 7 below the redistribution zone 5.
- the redistribution zone 5 is completely devoid of internal sealing bar, a slight internal parasitic leak between the regions located on either side of the diagonal wave 8a not raising any problems.
- the redistribution zone 5 opens laterally over the entire height of the or each associated collector.
- the deflection waves 8, of the same type or not as the exchange waves are morphologically analogous to the latter, with equal or analogous steps (at + 10%, ⁇ 20% or + 30%) and also equal or similar thicknesses (at + 10%, + 20% or + 30%), typically between 0.15 and 0.5 mm, and aluminum.
- the waves 10 for creating a pressure drop can also be provided in the cases of FIGS. 2 and 3, as indicated in broken lines.
- exchanger-distributor architectures typically produced by assembling brazed subassemblies, made of aluminum or at least partially made of stainless steel, find a preferred application in cryogenic air distillation apparatuses producing in particular liquid oxygen pressurized by a pump before its vaporization, under pressure, in said exchangers, by heat exchange in particular with pressurized air.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9902503A FR2790546B1 (fr) | 1999-03-01 | 1999-03-01 | Echangeur de chaleur, applications a la vaporisation de liquide sous pression et appareil de distillation d'air equipe d'un tel echangeur |
| FR9902503 | 1999-03-01 | ||
| PCT/FR2000/000510 WO2000052408A1 (fr) | 1999-03-01 | 2000-03-01 | Echangeur de chaleur a plaques brasees et appareil de distillation d'air equipe d'un tel echangeur |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1159573A1 true EP1159573A1 (fr) | 2001-12-05 |
| EP1159573B1 EP1159573B1 (fr) | 2005-01-05 |
Family
ID=9542652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00909400A Revoked EP1159573B1 (fr) | 1999-03-01 | 2000-03-01 | Echangeur de chaleur a plaques brasees et appareil de distillation d'air equipe d'un tel echangeur |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6745828B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1159573B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2002538409A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1187568C (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2363506A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60017245T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2790546B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000052408A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2845152B1 (fr) * | 2002-10-01 | 2005-06-17 | Air Liquide | Echangeur de chaleur a plaques comportant une ailette epaisse, et utilisation d'un tel echangeur de chaleur. |
| JP4818044B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-28 | 2011-11-16 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 熱交換器の製造方法 |
| DE102008053848A1 (de) | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-06 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Plattenwärmetauscher |
| FR2938904B1 (fr) * | 2008-11-24 | 2012-05-04 | Air Liquide | Echangeur de chaleur |
| CN102654375A (zh) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-05 | 苏州制氧机有限责任公司 | 一种主换热器中板翅式热交换器空气抽口装置 |
| CN103673665A (zh) * | 2013-11-30 | 2014-03-26 | 无锡金玺换热器有限公司 | 螺杆机用模块式换热器 |
| CN105810805B (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-04-10 | 河南理工大学 | 一种液冷散热器 |
| FR3069919B1 (fr) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-11-22 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Element intercalaire en alliage d'aluminium de fonderie pour un echangeur de chaleur |
| FR3069918B1 (fr) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-01-17 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element de distribution a canaux multiples |
| WO2020174169A1 (fr) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-09-03 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Appareil d'échange de chaleur et de matière |
| CN111189339B (zh) * | 2020-01-22 | 2023-05-05 | 航天海鹰(哈尔滨)钛业有限公司 | 一种拼接式微通道换热器 |
| CN114302608B (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2024-01-30 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | 热交换器、机柜及通信基站 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3992168A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1976-11-16 | Kobe Steel Ltd. | Heat exchanger with rectification effect |
| US3590909A (en) * | 1969-10-29 | 1971-07-06 | Trane Co | Oxygen boiler |
| CA929929A (en) | 1970-04-08 | 1973-07-10 | Trane Company Of Canada Limited | Distributor for plate type heat exchangers having side headers |
| US3860065A (en) * | 1970-04-08 | 1975-01-14 | Trane Co | Distributor for plate type heat exchanger having side headers |
| BE789479A (fr) * | 1971-10-01 | 1973-03-29 | Air Liquide | Echangeur de chaleur et sa mise en oeuvre |
| DE2222269C2 (de) * | 1972-05-06 | 1984-05-24 | Kobe Steel, Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo | Rieselkolonne zum Rektifizieren von Flüssigkeiten |
| US3983191A (en) | 1975-11-10 | 1976-09-28 | The Trane Company | Brazed plate-type heat exchanger for nonadiabatic rectification |
| US4473110A (en) | 1981-12-31 | 1984-09-25 | Union Carbide Corporation | Corrosion protected reversing heat exchanger |
| JPH0711325Y2 (ja) * | 1987-12-24 | 1995-03-15 | 住友精密工業株式会社 | プレートフィン型熱交換器 |
| FR2665755B1 (fr) * | 1990-08-07 | 1993-06-18 | Air Liquide | Appareil de production d'azote. |
| FR2718836B1 (fr) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-05-24 | Maurice Grenier | Echangeur de chaleur perfectionné à plaques brasées. |
| DE19605500C1 (de) * | 1996-02-14 | 1997-04-17 | Linde Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verdampfen einer Flüssigkeit |
| JPH11244603A (ja) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-14 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corp | デフレグメータ |
-
1999
- 1999-03-01 FR FR9902503A patent/FR2790546B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-03-01 WO PCT/FR2000/000510 patent/WO2000052408A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-03-01 EP EP00909400A patent/EP1159573B1/fr not_active Revoked
- 2000-03-01 DE DE60017245T patent/DE60017245T2/de not_active Revoked
- 2000-03-01 CA CA002363506A patent/CA2363506A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-03-01 CN CN00804427.9A patent/CN1187568C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-01 US US09/914,845 patent/US6745828B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-01 JP JP2000602580A patent/JP2002538409A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0052408A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000052408A1 (fr) | 2000-09-08 |
| DE60017245T2 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
| JP2002538409A (ja) | 2002-11-12 |
| CN1187568C (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
| CN1342258A (zh) | 2002-03-27 |
| EP1159573B1 (fr) | 2005-01-05 |
| FR2790546A1 (fr) | 2000-09-08 |
| US6745828B1 (en) | 2004-06-08 |
| FR2790546B1 (fr) | 2001-04-20 |
| CA2363506A1 (fr) | 2000-09-08 |
| DE60017245D1 (de) | 2005-02-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20011001 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
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| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE, S.A. A DIRECTOIRE ET CONSEIL DE SUR |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20030728 |
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| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
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