EP1156273A1

EP1156273A1 - Boiler components and attachments

Info

Publication number: EP1156273A1
Application number: EP00304180A
Authority: EP
Inventors: George H. Harth Iii
Original assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Current assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date: 2000-05-17
Filing date: 2000-05-17
Publication date: 2001-11-21

Abstract

A boiler attachment (20) used to support a boiler component (100) within the furnace or boiler chamber is composed of a similar material to the boiler component (100) it is welded to, in order to eliminate dissimilar weld failure. The boiler attachment (20) is coated using a diffusion coating method to cover the attachment with a coating of aluminium, chromium, silicon or a combination thereof.

Description

The present invention relates generally to the field of industrial boilers and furnaces and in particular to boiler components and attachments.
Presently, attachments for boiler components such as superheaters and reheaters which operate in the higher temperature regions of boilers are made of stainless steel materials. Attachments are used to secure the components within the boiler or furnace, and include handcuff supports, tie bars and the end support lugs. Stainless steel materials are utilized to help resist oxidation of the attachment when exposed to the high operating temperatures.
Ferritic low alloy materials cannot withstand the highly oxidizing environment for long periods of time, and so the use of these materials is limited to locations where temperatures are lower. Commonly, ferritic low alloy materials used in boiler applications are materials such as SA213T22 or SA213T91.
When stainless steel attachments are welded to ferritic low alloy material boiler components, the welds are subject to failure because of the differences in materials. Dissimilar metals do not form as strong welded bonds as when the metals are matched. This dissimilar metal failure mode is common in boiler applications where stainless steel is welded to a ferritic material.
Weld failures cause maintenance problems for the boiler owner or operator, since the weld failures may be repaired on a regular basis to avoid greater damage to unsupported or misaligned boiler components. However, using similar materials for the boiler components and attachments may result in failures of the attachments due to oxidation at elevated temperatures.
Chromizing is a process of producing a chromium diffusion coating on ferrous-base components to improve corrosion resistance, especially at elevated temperatures. Chromizing was developed to produce an integral protective surface coating on components exposed to extreme conditions to enhance their usable life.
Chromizing of parts such as bolts, screws, studs and the like is commonly accomplished using a powder pack cementation technique. The parts are packed into dry powder mixtures of aluminium oxide, chromium, and activator salts within a retort, which is then sealed and heated. During the heating, the temperature of the retort is raised to an elevated level and held for a predetermined amount of time. A chemical reaction takes place during the heating process which causes a surface layer of high chromium content to be diffused into the iron of the ferrous-based parts. The retort and parts are cooled and the parts, now with a layer of chromium coating, are removed from the retort.
The pack cementation method has significant drawbacks when used to coat such small, individual parts. The coating thicknesses often vary widely between individual coated parts, or even across the surfaces of larger parts. This is caused by the poor thermal conductivity of the powder pack and the resulting very slow and non-uniform heating rates for the packed parts. Another drawback of this process is that if the parts come into direct contact with each other, the chromium coating diffusion bonds the parts together at these contact points. Further, a large volume of powder waste is generated by the process.
US Patent No. US-A-4 904 501 discloses an improved method of chromizing the surface of a ferritic boiler component which involves applying aqueous coating compositions containing chromium directly to the surface to be chromized. The aqueous compositions include chromium, alumina, a binder of ammonium alginate or methyl cellulose and a halide activator.
Other processes for coating parts are taught by US-A-5 135 777, US-A-5 041 309, US-A-5 364 659, US-A-5 492 727 and US-A-5 589 220.
An improved method of coating small parts, such as bolts, screws and studs, and which could be used to coat boiler attachments, is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/938 319 filed September 26, 1997, reference to which is directed.
One aspect of the invention provides an attachment for a boiler component composed of a first material, comprising:
support means for holding the boiler component in a position within an industrial furnace or boiler made of one of the first material and a second material having a similar coefficient of thermal expansion and chemistry as the first material, the support means being coated by a diffusion coating with a coating of one of aluminium, chromium, silicon, or mixtures thereof.
Another aspect of the invention provides a boiler component for use in an industrial boiler or furnace having improved functional life and structural stability in high temperature regions, the component comprising:
a plurality of tubes composed of a first material;
attachment means for holding the plurality of tubes in a position within the industrial furnace or boiler, made of one of the first material and a second material having a similar coefficient of thermal expansion and chemistry as the first material, and being coated by a diffusion coating with a coating of one of aluminium, chromium, silicon, or mixtures thereof.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides boiler attachments and components which overcome the problems associated with dissimilar metal weld failures, while having oxidation and heat resistance properties suitable for the boiler or furnace region.
Accordingly, a boiler attachment embodying the invention is composed of a similar material as the boiler component that it is welded to, so as to eliminate the dissimilar weld failure. The boiler attachment is coated using a diffusion method to cover the attachments with a coating of aluminium, chromium. silicon or a combination thereof. The boiler attachment can then be welded to a boiler component of the same material without resulting in dissimilar metal weld failures. Further, the coated attachment is capable of resisting the high temperature environment, despite the incompatibility of the underlying material with that environment. Thus, a boiler component with compatible weld material components is provided.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, throughout which like parts are referred to by like references, and in which:

Fig. 1: is a perspective view of handcuff-type attachments connected to boiler tubes;
Fig. 2: is a side elevational view of a D-link attachment for boiler tubes;
Fig. 3: is a top plan view of the D-link attachment of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4: is a top plan view of a tongue and groove attachment;
Fig. 5: is a side elevational view of the attachment of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6A: is a side elevational view of superheater tubes supported in a boiler;
Fig. 6B: is an enlarged end view of a spacer attachment used in the supports of Fig. 6A; and
Fig. 6C: is an enlarged side elevational view of a support attachment used to support the tubes in Fig. 6A.

Referring now to the drawings, Figs. 1-5 show different types of attachments for connecting boiler tubes 100 together, such as in a reheater or superheater tube bank. Attachments for boilers include several different types of hardware, including handcuff supports 20, tongue and groove connectors 40, 45 and D- link connectors 30, 35, as well as tie bars and end plugs (not shown).
Figs. 6A-C show different attachments which can be used to support the tubes 100 on furnace or boiler walls 200 or simply to space the tubes 100 from each other. Support spacers 50 help maintain specific distances between tubes 100. End hooks 60 connected to the tubes 100 rest on wall supports 65 which are attached to the walls 200 to suspend the superheater or reheater tubes 100 in the desired furnace or boiler region.
In each case, the attachments shown in Figs. 1-6C may be welded to the tubes 100.
In order to overcome the weld strength limitations caused by using materials which are incompatible with the boiler components, such as tubes 100, to make attachments, the material used to make the various connectors 20, 30, 35, 40, 45 and supports 50, 60, 65 is made of a material similar to the material of the tube 100. Typically, if a ferritic steel boiler component such as a tube 100 is used, then a ferritic steel would be selected as the attachment material. In cases where stainless steel is used for the boiler component, the attachment may also be stainless steel. Thus, the attachment may be welded to the tube 100 or other component without increasing the likelihood of weld failure due to incompatible materials. Matching materials is done by using materials of similar composition, or chemistry, and having similar coefficients of thermal expansion.
The attachment can be coated using a diffusion coating process to cover the attachment to protect it with chromium, silicon or aluminium oxidation resistant coating. Any suitable coating process may be used, provided a uniform coating of the attachments is obtained.
For example, where a boiler tube 100 is made of a ferritic material, a handcuff support 20 is selected which is made of a ferritic material also. Prior to welding the support 20 to the tube 100, the support is coated with a chromium, silicon or aluminium coating by placing the support 20 in a retort, spraying the support 20 with a slurry of the coating material, allowing the slurry to dry while sealing the retort and heating the retort to coat the support 20. The coated support 20 can then be welded to the tube 100 and used in a boiler without problems associated with incompatible welding materials and having good resistance to oxidation and corrosion.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.

Claims

An attachment for a boiler component composed of a first material, comprising:
support means (20; 30, 35; 40, 45; 50, 60, 65) for holding the boiler component (100) in a position within an industrial furnace or boiler made of one of the first material and a second material having a similar coefficient of thermal expansion and chemistry as the first material, the support means being coated by a diffusion coating with a coating of one of aluminium, chromium, silicon, or mixtures thereof.
An attachment according to claim 1, wherein the support means comprises one of a handcuff connector (20), a D-link connector (30, 35), a tongue and groove connector (40, 45), a support spacer (50) and end hooks (60) and wall supports (65), or similar attachments.
An attachment according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first material is a ferritic steel material.
An attachment according to claim 3, wherein the second material is a ferritic steel material.
An attachment according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first material is stainless steel.
An attachment according to claim 5, wherein the second material is stainless steel.
An attachment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coating is aluminium.
An attachment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coating is chromium.
A boiler component for use in an industrial boiler or furnace having improved functional life and structural stability in high temperature regions, the component comprising:

a plurality of tubes (100) composed of a first material;

attachment means (20; 30, 35; 40, 45; 50, 60, 65) for holding the plurality of tubes (100) in a position within the industrial furnace or boiler, made of one of the first material and a second material having a similar coefficient of thermal expansion and chemistry as the first material, and being coated by a diffusion coating with a coating of one of aluminium, chromium, silicon, or mixtures thereof.
A boiler component according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of tubes (100) form one of a superheater and reheater.
A boiler component according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the attachment means comprises one of a handcuff connector (20), a D-link connector (30, 35), a tongue and groove connector (40, 45), a support spacer (50) and end hooks (60) and wall supports (65), or similar attachments.
A boiler component according to claim 9, claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the first material is a ferritic steel material.
A boiler component according to claim 12, wherein the second material is a ferritic steel material.
A boiler component according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the coating is aluminium or chromium.