EP1145368A2 - Bifocal planar antenna - Google Patents

Bifocal planar antenna

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Publication number
EP1145368A2
EP1145368A2 EP99941473A EP99941473A EP1145368A2 EP 1145368 A2 EP1145368 A2 EP 1145368A2 EP 99941473 A EP99941473 A EP 99941473A EP 99941473 A EP99941473 A EP 99941473A EP 1145368 A2 EP1145368 A2 EP 1145368A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microwave antenna
line distribution
groups
satellites
radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99941473A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1145368A3 (en
EP1145368B1 (en
Inventor
Walter Gerhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft fur Satelliten- und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh
Original Assignee
Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft fur Satelliten- und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft fur Satelliten- und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh filed Critical Pates Technology Patentverwertungsgesellschaft fur Satelliten- und Moderne Informationstechnologien Mbh
Publication of EP1145368A2 publication Critical patent/EP1145368A2/en
Publication of EP1145368A3 publication Critical patent/EP1145368A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1145368B1 publication Critical patent/EP1145368B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave antenna for the simultaneous reception of the radiation fields of N> 2 in orbit of satellites which are offset azimuthally from one another by certain angles, the microwave antenna having radiation elements which are divided into N groups, each group being connected to a feed point via a line distribution network is.
  • Antennas are known which are directed to different satellites by an automatic pivoting mechanism can be aligned one after the other.
  • a disadvantage of these antennas is that, on the one hand, they do not allow simultaneous reception of satellite signals from different satellites and, on the other hand, they require a complex swiveling device.
  • a multifocus reflector antenna is known in which two radiation exciters are arranged slightly offset from the focal point of the parabolic mirror used, such that the signals of two satellites can be received simultaneously without giving away the antenna.
  • a disadvantage of this antenna is that the radiation exciters cannot be arranged directly in the focal point of the parabolic mirror, so that the gain of the antenna is not optimal compared to the mirror size.
  • parabolic antennas are also known in which a radiation exciter is arranged to be movable on a line in front of the mirror, so that a plurality of satellites can be aimed at when the parabolic reflector is stationary.
  • the disadvantage here is that, again, a complex positioning device for the radiation exciter is required and the gain of the antenna is not optimal due to the radiation exciter not arranged in the focal point.
  • planar antennas are known which, however, only allow reception of the signals from the satellite to which they have been directed.
  • Positioning devices for selective alignment to several satellites are also known for planar antennas.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a microwave antenna which enables the simultaneous reception of several azimuthally offset satellites in the geostationary orbit without a pivoting device.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by a microwave antenna with the features of claim 1.
  • This antenna is characterized in that the side provided with radiation elements is subdivided into a plurality of individual microwave antennas, each microwave antenna having a plurality of radiation elements.
  • Each of these microwave antennas forms a particularly flat or even surface. These surfaces are arranged at certain angles to one another, which corresponds to the respective azimuthal offset of the satellites to be received.
  • there are only two groups of radiation elements so that the signals can be received by two satellites. However, more than two satellites can be received simultaneously by a corresponding number of radiation element groups.
  • the groups of radiation elements can either be arranged side by side or one behind the other. If the groups are arranged one behind the other in the radiation direction, it must be ensured that the electromagnetic radiation from the satellite, whose signals are received with a group of radiation elements, which is arranged behind one or more other groups in the radiation direction, can penetrate the upstream groups unhindered. If diaphragms are used, as described in the exemplary embodiments, they must be arranged in such a way that the radiation fields can pass through the diaphragm groups upstream to the groups downstream.
  • the microwave antenna according to the invention advantageously manages without any pivoting and / or positioning devices and guarantees the maximum gain for each partial microwave antenna or flat antenna, each sub-microwave antenna being formed by a group of radiation elements.
  • radiator element groups are arranged one behind the other for the simultaneous reception of two different polarization directions and / or types in the radiation direction.
  • a dielectric substrate in particular a dielectric film, carries the line distribution networks of several groups. Due to the small thickness of the carrier substrate, it can advantageously be easily bent by the required angle, which corresponds to the azimuthal angle.
  • the microwave antenna has at least two conductive layers, in particular conductive plates, arranged parallel to one another, in which mutually opposite recesses or cavities are provided such that a dielectric substrate with one or more line distribution networks is arranged between each pair of successive layers, the ends of each line distribution network facing the recesses or cavities in order to form the radiation elements with the latter.
  • the conductive layers or plates arranged in pairs can each be formed as separate parts or plates, or else all conductive layers of the partial microwave antennas are formed by two bent conductive plates arranged parallel to one another. At least two line distribution networks are arranged side by side between the plates, which together with the plates form the radiation elements of the groups.
  • a plurality of planar antennas are thus arranged next to one another in a housing, the surface normals of the antennas pointing in the aligned state of the microwave antenna in the direction of the corresponding satellites.
  • the microwave antenna When setting up the microwave antenna, it only has to be aligned with a satellite. If the microwave antenna is designed for the simultaneous reception of signals from two satellites, the alignment to the second satellite can be omitted since the two partial microwave antennas are already arranged in the housing at the correct angle to one another.
  • Figure 1 A side view of the schematic
  • Figure 5 The schematic structure of a
  • Figure 6 A cross-sectional view through the microwave antenna
  • Microwave antenna in which the functionally identical components of the two flat antennas are made in one piece;
  • FIGS 8 and 9 Further embodiments of the microwave antenna according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a microwave antenna consisting of two flat antennas 1 a and 1 b arranged side by side.
  • the surface normals F N of the two flat antennas la and lb form an angle ⁇ between them which corresponds to the azimuthal angle between the two satellites, the signals of which are to be received with the two flat antennas la and lb.
  • the two flat antennas la and lb are only shown schematically. So it is possible to provide two separately manufactured flat antennas. It is just as well possible, as shown in FIG. 7, to manufacture the two flat antennas la and lb from parts that belong together.
  • Figures 2 to 4 show further possible embodiments of the invention
  • Microwave antenna The design of the housing 2, 2 'and 2' 'can be chosen as desired. It depends largely on whether two ( Figures 2 and 3) or more flat antennas, e.g. As shown in Figure 4, three flat antennas la '', lb '' and lc '' are arranged side by side.
  • the shape of the housing can also be box-shaped.
  • the round, cylindrical jacket-shaped design of the surfaces 2a, 2a 'and 2a' 'of the housing 2, 2' and 2 '' facing the satellites avoids unnecessary edges on the housing.
  • the shape of the housing should be such that the low-noise converters 3 themselves find space in the housing 2, 2 'and 2' 'and are thus adequately protected against external influences.
  • the individual flat antennas are arranged.
  • the flat antennas can be fixed in the housing by means of positioning and / or holding elements.
  • the flat antennas are cast in the housing.
  • FIG. 5 shows the schematic structure of a flat antenna, as is known, for example, from DE 19712510.
  • the radiator elements are arranged in a matrix and consist of the diaphragms 4a, 6a and the exciting or outcoupling strip-shaped conductor sections 5b.
  • the received signals are routed to a decoupling point, not shown, also called a feed point, from where the signals reach the low-noise converter via a coaxial waveguide.
  • the diaphragm shape of the diaphragms 4a and 6a is to be selected in accordance with the requirements for broadband and the type of polarization to be received.
  • the individual elements 4, 5 and 6 are kept at a distance by flat insulation materials 7 and 8. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which the aperture masks 4 'and 6' and the coupling networks 5 'for the two flat antennas la and lb or the two radiator element groups are in one piece.
  • the aperture masks 4 'and 6' are manufactured in two steps. First the panels are punched into a flat sheet. The sheet is then bent at the connecting line of the two radiator element groups in such a way that the two surface normals F N of the two radiator element groups form the azimuth angle to one another.
  • the two coupling networks can also be applied simultaneously to only one substrate carrier.
  • the insulation materials, not shown in FIG. 7, which guarantee the distance between the parts 4 ', 5' and 6 ', such as foam mats also be in one piece for each layer, since they can be bent as easily as the substrate carrier.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further possible embodiment of the microwave antenna according to the invention, in which, for example, two flat antennas are arranged next to one another and at an angle to one another in such a way that the satellite signals to be received from the microwave antenna cross.

Abstract

A microwave antenna is described, capable of simultaneous maximum gain communication with N>=2 satellites in geo-stationary orbit. The orbiting satellites are positioned offset relative to each other at a specific azimuth angle(s) phi. The microwave antenna has radiating elements that are divided into N groups (1a, 1b; 1a', 1b'; 1a'', 1b'' 1c'') of radiating elements. The antenna is characterized by the fact that each of the N groups of radiating elements is organized in a plane, with the planes arranged at specific angles relative to one another corresponding to the respective azimuth offset angle of the satellite to be communicated with, such that the surface normal (FN) of the planes, once the microwave antenna is oriented, point in the direction of the respective satellites.

Description

Doppelfokus-PlanarantenneDual focus planar antenna
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mikrowellenantenne zum gleichzeitigen Empfang der Strahlungsfelder von N > 2 im Orbit um bestimmte Winkel azimutal zueinander versetzt positionierter Satelliten, wobei die Mikrowellenantenne Strahlungselemente hat, die in N Gruppen aufgeteilt sind, wobei jede Gruppe jeweils über ein Leitungsverteilnetzwerk mit einem Speisepunkt in Verbindung ist.The invention relates to a microwave antenna for the simultaneous reception of the radiation fields of N> 2 in orbit of satellites which are offset azimuthally from one another by certain angles, the microwave antenna having radiation elements which are divided into N groups, each group being connected to a feed point via a line distribution network is.
Es sind Antennen bekannt, die durch einen automatischen Verschwenkmechanismus auf verschiedene Satelliten nacheinander ausgerichtet werden können. Nachteilig bei diesen Antennen ist, daß sie zum einen keinen gleichzeitigen Empfang von Satellitensignalen verschiedener Satelliten erlauben und zum anderen eine aufwendige Schwenkvorrichtung benötigen.Antennas are known which are directed to different satellites by an automatic pivoting mechanism can be aligned one after the other. A disadvantage of these antennas is that, on the one hand, they do not allow simultaneous reception of satellite signals from different satellites and, on the other hand, they require a complex swiveling device.
Aus der DE 196 33 147 ist eine Multifocus- Reflektorantenne bekannt, bei der zwei Strahlungserreger leicht versetzt zum Brennpunkt des verwendeten Parabolspiegels angeordnet sind, derart, daß ohne ein Verschenken der Antenne gleichzeitig die Signale zweier Satelliten empfangbar sind. Nachteilig bei dieser Antenne ist, daß die Strahlungserreger nicht direkt im Brennpunkt des Parabolspiegels angeordnet werden können, wodurch der Gewinn der Antenne verglichen mit der Spiegelgröße nicht optimal ist.From DE 196 33 147 a multifocus reflector antenna is known in which two radiation exciters are arranged slightly offset from the focal point of the parabolic mirror used, such that the signals of two satellites can be received simultaneously without giving away the antenna. A disadvantage of this antenna is that the radiation exciters cannot be arranged directly in the focal point of the parabolic mirror, so that the gain of the antenna is not optimal compared to the mirror size.
Um diesen Nachteil zu vermeiden sind ferner Parabolantennen bekannt, bei denen ein Strahlungserreger vor dem Spiegel auf einer Linie verfahrbar angeordnet ist, so daß bei stationärem Parabolreflektor mehrere Satelliten angepeilt werden können. Nachteilig hierbei ist, daß wiederum eine aufwendige Positioniervorrichtung für den Strahlungserreger erforderlich ist und der Gewinn der Antenne durch den nicht im Brennpunkt angeordneten Strahlungserreger nicht optimal ist.In order to avoid this disadvantage, parabolic antennas are also known in which a radiation exciter is arranged to be movable on a line in front of the mirror, so that a plurality of satellites can be aimed at when the parabolic reflector is stationary. The disadvantage here is that, again, a complex positioning device for the radiation exciter is required and the gain of the antenna is not optimal due to the radiation exciter not arranged in the focal point.
Darüber hinaus sind Planarantennen bekannt, die jedoch lediglich den Empfang der Signale des Satelliten ermöglichen, auf den sie ausgerichtet worden sind. Auch für Planarantennen sind Positioniervorrichtung zum wahlweisen Ausrichten auf mehrere Satelliten bekannt.In addition, planar antennas are known which, however, only allow reception of the signals from the satellite to which they have been directed. Positioning devices for selective alignment to several satellites are also known for planar antennas.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Mikrowellenantenne bereitzustellen, die ohne Verschwenkvorrichtung den gleichzeitigen Empfang von mehreren azimutal versetzten Satelliten in der geostationären Umlaufbahn ermöglicht. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Mikrowellenantenne mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Diese Antenne zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die mit Strahlungselementen versehene Seite in mehrere einzelne Mikrowellenantennen unterteilt ist, wobei jede Mikrowellenantenne mehrere Strahlungselemente aufweist. Jede dieser Mikrowellenantennen bildet eine insbesondere plane bzw. ebene Fläche. Diese Flächen sind in bestimmten Winkeln zueinander angeordnet, welche dem jeweiligen azimutalen Versatz der zu empfangenen Satelliten entspricht. In einer einfachen Ausführungsform sind lediglich zwei Gruppen von Strahlungselementen vorhanden, so daß die Signale von zwei Satelliten empfangen werden können. Es können jedoch auch mehr als zwei Satelliten durch eine entsprechende Anzahl von Strahlungselementengruppen gleichzeitig empfangen werden.The object of the invention is to provide a microwave antenna which enables the simultaneous reception of several azimuthally offset satellites in the geostationary orbit without a pivoting device. This object is achieved according to the invention by a microwave antenna with the features of claim 1. This antenna is characterized in that the side provided with radiation elements is subdivided into a plurality of individual microwave antennas, each microwave antenna having a plurality of radiation elements. Each of these microwave antennas forms a particularly flat or even surface. These surfaces are arranged at certain angles to one another, which corresponds to the respective azimuthal offset of the satellites to be received. In a simple embodiment there are only two groups of radiation elements so that the signals can be received by two satellites. However, more than two satellites can be received simultaneously by a corresponding number of radiation element groups.
Die Gruppen von Strahlungselementen können entweder nebeneinander oder hintereinander angeordnet werden. Werden die Gruppen in Strahlungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet, so muß gewährleistet werden, daß die elektromagnetische Strahlung des Satelliten, dessen Signale mit einer Gruppe von Strahlungselementen empfangen wird, welche in Strahlungsrichtung hinter einer oder mehreren anderen Gruppen angeordnet ist, die vorgelagerten Gruppen ungehindert durchdringen kann. Werden Blenden, wie in den Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben, verwendet, so müssen diese derart angeordnet werden, daß die Strahlungsfelder durch die vorgelagerten Blendengruppen zu den hintergelagerten Gruppen gelangen können.The groups of radiation elements can either be arranged side by side or one behind the other. If the groups are arranged one behind the other in the radiation direction, it must be ensured that the electromagnetic radiation from the satellite, whose signals are received with a group of radiation elements, which is arranged behind one or more other groups in the radiation direction, can penetrate the upstream groups unhindered. If diaphragms are used, as described in the exemplary embodiments, they must be arranged in such a way that the radiation fields can pass through the diaphragm groups upstream to the groups downstream.
Vorteilhaft kommt die erfindungsgemäße Mikrowellenantenne ohne jegliche Verschwenk- und/oder Positioniervorrichtungen aus und garantiert den maximalen Gewinn für jede Teilmikrowellenantenne bzw. Flachantenne, wobei jede Teilmikrowellenantenne durch jeweils eine Gruppe von Strahlungselementen gebildet wird.The microwave antenna according to the invention advantageously manages without any pivoting and / or positioning devices and guarantees the maximum gain for each partial microwave antenna or flat antenna, each sub-microwave antenna being formed by a group of radiation elements.
Es ist ferner vorteilhaft, wenn mindestens zwei Strahler- elementengruppen zum gleichzeitigen Empfang von zwei verschiedenen Polarisationsrichtungen und/oder -arten in Strahlungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind.It is also advantageous if at least two radiator element groups are arranged one behind the other for the simultaneous reception of two different polarization directions and / or types in the radiation direction.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform trägt ein dielektrisches Substrat, insbesondere eine Dielektrikumsfolie, die Leitungsverteilnetzwerke mehrerer Gruppen. Durch die geringe Dicke des Trägersubstrats läßt sich dieses vorteilhaft leicht um den erforderlichen Winkel, der dem Azimutalwinkel entspricht, verbiegen.In a particular embodiment, a dielectric substrate, in particular a dielectric film, carries the line distribution networks of several groups. Due to the small thickness of the carrier substrate, it can advantageously be easily bent by the required angle, which corresponds to the azimuthal angle.
In einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform weist die Mikrowellenantenne mindestens zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete leitfähige Schichten, insbesondere leitenden Platten, auf, in denen einander gegenüberliegende Aussparungen oder Hohlräume derart vorgesehen sind, daß zwischen jedem Paar aufeinanderfolgender Schichten ein dielektrisches Substrat mit einem oder mehreren Leitungsverteilnetzwerken angeordnet ist, wobei die Enden jedes Leitungsverteilnetzwerks den Aussparungen bzw. Hohlräumen zugewandt sind um mit diesen letzteren die Strahlungselemente zu bilden.In a further particular embodiment, the microwave antenna has at least two conductive layers, in particular conductive plates, arranged parallel to one another, in which mutually opposite recesses or cavities are provided such that a dielectric substrate with one or more line distribution networks is arranged between each pair of successive layers, the ends of each line distribution network facing the recesses or cavities in order to form the radiation elements with the latter.
Die paarweise angeordneten leitfähigen Schichten oder Platten können dabei jeweils als getrennte Teile bzw. Platten ausgebildet sein, oder aber sämtliche leitfähige Schichten der Teilmikrowellenantennen werden durch zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete gebogene leitfähige Platten gebildet. Zwischen den Platten sind dabei mindestens zwei LeitungsVerteilnetzwerke nebeneinander angeordnet, die zusammen mit den Platten die Strahlungselemente der Gruppen bilden. Bei den zuletzt genannten Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenantenne sind zwischen einer leitfähigen Schicht bzw. Platte und einem Leitungsverteilnetzwerk mindestens jeweils ein Abstandhalter, insbesondere eine dielektrische Folie, mit kleiner Dielektrizitätszahl ist.The conductive layers or plates arranged in pairs can each be formed as separate parts or plates, or else all conductive layers of the partial microwave antennas are formed by two bent conductive plates arranged parallel to one another. At least two line distribution networks are arranged side by side between the plates, which together with the plates form the radiation elements of the groups. In the last-mentioned embodiments of the microwave antenna according to the invention, there is at least one spacer, in particular a dielectric film, with a low dielectric constant between a conductive layer or plate and a line distribution network.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenantenne sind somit mehrere planare Antennen nebeneinander in einem Gehäuse angeordnet, wobei die Flächennormalen der Antennen im ausgerichteten Zustand der Mikrowellenantenne in Richtung der jeweils korrespondierenden Satelliten weisen.In the microwave antenna according to the invention, a plurality of planar antennas are thus arranged next to one another in a housing, the surface normals of the antennas pointing in the aligned state of the microwave antenna in the direction of the corresponding satellites.
Beim Aufbau der Mikrowellenantenne muß diese lediglich auf einen Satelliten ausgerichtet werden. Sofern die Mikrowellenantenne für den gleichzeitigen Empfang von Signalen zweier Satelliten ausgelegt ist, kann die Ausrichtung auf den zweiten Satelliten entfallen, da die beiden Teilmikrowellenantennen bereits im richtigen Winkel zueinander in dem Gehäuse angeordnet sind.When setting up the microwave antenna, it only has to be aligned with a satellite. If the microwave antenna is designed for the simultaneous reception of signals from two satellites, the alignment to the second satellite can be omitted since the two partial microwave antennas are already arranged in the housing at the correct angle to one another.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich dadurch, daß für mehrere Satelliten lediglich ein Gehäuse benötigt wird. Würden mehrere einzelne Flachantennen mit separaten Gehäuses nebeneinander angeordnet, so würde dies gegenüber der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung erheblich mehr Platz in Anspruch nehmen .Another advantage results from the fact that only one housing is required for several satellites. If several individual flat antennas with separate housings were arranged side by side, this would take up considerably more space than the solution according to the invention.
Nachfolgend werden beispielhafte Ausführungsformen anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1: Eine Seitenansicht der schematischenFigure 1: A side view of the schematic
Anordnung zweier Flachantennen, welche zusammen die erfindungsgemäße Mikrowellenantenne zum gleichzeitigen Empfang der Signale von zwei Satelliten bilden;Arrangement of two flat antennas, which together the microwave antenna according to the invention for simultaneous Form reception of signals from two satellites;
Figuren 2 bis 4: Querschnittsdarstellungen weitererFigures 2 to 4: cross-sectional representations of others
Ausführungsformen durch die erfindungsgemäße Mikrowellenantenne;Embodiments by the microwave antenna according to the invention;
Figur 5: Den schematischen Aufbau einerFigure 5: The schematic structure of a
Mikrowellenflachantenne nach dem Stand der Technik;Microwave flat antenna according to the prior art;
Figur 6: Eine Querschnittsdarstellung durch die Mikrowellenantenne;Figure 6: A cross-sectional view through the microwave antenna;
Figur 7 : Den schematischen Aufbau derFigure 7: The schematic structure of the
Mikrowellenantenne, bei der die funktionsgleichen Bauteile der beiden Flachantennen einstückig gefertigt sind;Microwave antenna, in which the functionally identical components of the two flat antennas are made in one piece;
Figuren 8 und 9: Weitere Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenantenne .Figures 8 and 9: Further embodiments of the microwave antenna according to the invention.
Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Mikrowellenantenne bestehend aus zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Flachantennen la und lb . Die Flächennormalen FN der beiden Flachantennen la und lb bilden zwischen sich einen Winkel φ, der dem Azimutalwinkel zwischen den beiden Satelliten entspricht, deren Signale mit den beiden Flachantennen la und lb empfangen werden sollen. Die beiden Flachantennen la und lb sind nur schematisch eingezeichnet. So ist es möglich, zwei separat gefertigte Flachantennen vorzusehen. Genauso gut ist es möglich, wie in der Figur 7 dargestellt, die beiden Flachantennen la und lb aus zusammengehörigen Teilen zu fertigen. Die Figuren 2 bis 4 zeigen weitere mögliche Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßenFIG. 1 shows a microwave antenna consisting of two flat antennas 1 a and 1 b arranged side by side. The surface normals F N of the two flat antennas la and lb form an angle φ between them which corresponds to the azimuthal angle between the two satellites, the signals of which are to be received with the two flat antennas la and lb. The two flat antennas la and lb are only shown schematically. So it is possible to provide two separately manufactured flat antennas. It is just as well possible, as shown in FIG. 7, to manufacture the two flat antennas la and lb from parts that belong together. Figures 2 to 4 show further possible embodiments of the invention
Mikrowellenantenne. So ist die Gestaltung des Gehäuses 2, 2' und 2 ' ' beliebig wählbar. Sie hängt maßgeblich davon ab, ob zwei ( Figuren 2 und 3) oder mehrere Flachantennen, z.B. wie in Figur 4 dargestellt, drei Flachantennen la' ' , lb' ' und lc' ' , nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Die Form des Gehäuses kann darüber hinaus kastenförmig sein.Microwave antenna. The design of the housing 2, 2 'and 2' 'can be chosen as desired. It depends largely on whether two (Figures 2 and 3) or more flat antennas, e.g. As shown in Figure 4, three flat antennas la '', lb '' and lc '' are arranged side by side. The shape of the housing can also be box-shaped.
Durch die runde, zylindermantelförmige Ausgestaltung der den Satelliten zugewandten Oberflächen 2a, 2a' und 2a' ' des Gehäuses 2, 2' und 2'' werden unnötige Kanten am Gehäuse vermieden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich die Gehäusesform derart zu wählen, daß der Abstand zwischen der Oberfläche jeder einzelnen Flachantenne bis zur Gehäusewandung überall gleich groß ist.The round, cylindrical jacket-shaped design of the surfaces 2a, 2a 'and 2a' 'of the housing 2, 2' and 2 '' facing the satellites avoids unnecessary edges on the housing. However, it is also possible to choose the housing shape in such a way that the distance between the surface of each individual flat antenna and the housing wall is the same everywhere.
Die Gehäusesform sollte nach Möglichkeit dergestalt sein, daß die Low-Noise-Converter 3 im Gehäuse 2, 2' und 2'' selbst Platz finden und hierdurch gegen äußere Einflüsse hinreichend geschützt sind.If possible, the shape of the housing should be such that the low-noise converters 3 themselves find space in the housing 2, 2 'and 2' 'and are thus adequately protected against external influences.
Im Inneren 2c, 2c' und 2c' ' des Gehäuses sind, wie in den Figuren 2 bis 4 dargestellt, die einzelnen Flachantennen angeordnet. Die Flachantennen können über Positionier- und/oder Halteelemente im Gehäuses fixiert sein. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind die Flachantennen im Gehäuse eingegossen.In the interior 2c, 2c 'and 2c' 'of the housing, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the individual flat antennas are arranged. The flat antennas can be fixed in the housing by means of positioning and / or holding elements. In a further embodiment, the flat antennas are cast in the housing.
In jedem Fall müssen insbesondere an der Gehäuserückseite 2b, 2b' und 2b' ' eine der Anzahl der im Gehäuse angeordneten Flachantennen entsprechende Anzahl von Anschlußsteckern 3a vorgesehen sein, die über Verbindungsleitungen 3b mit den Low-Noise-Convertern 3 in Verbindung sind. Die Anschlußstecker sollten möglichst nahe zueinander angeordnet werden, so daß die Anschlußkabel zur leichteren Montage gebündelt von der Mikrowellenantenne weggeführt werden können.In any case, in particular on the rear of the housing 2b, 2b 'and 2b''a number of connectors 3a corresponding to the number of flat antennas arranged in the housing must be provided, which are connected to the low-noise converters 3 via connecting lines 3b. The connector should be placed as close as possible to each other so that the Connection cables can be bundled away from the microwave antenna for easier installation.
Die Figur 5 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau einer Flachantenne, wie sie z.B. aus der DE 19712510 bekannt ist. Die Strahlerelemente sind matrixförmig angeordnet und bestehen aus den Blenden 4a, 6a und den anregenden bzw. auskoppelnden streifenförmigen Leiterabschnitten 5b. Über das Kopplungsnetzwerk 5a werden die empfangenen Signale zu einem nicht dargestellten Auskopplungspunkt, auch Speisepunkt genannt, geführt, von wo aus die Signale über eine koaxiale Wellenleitung zum Low-Noise-Converter gelangen. Die Blendenform der Blenden 4a und 6a ist entsprechend der Anforderungen an die Breitbandigkeit und die Art der zu empfangenden Polarisationsart zu wählen. Die einzelnen Elemente 4,5 und 6 sind durch flache Isolationsmaterialien 7 und 8 auf Abstand gehalten. Wie in Figur 6 dargestellt, können- die beiden aneinandergrenzenden Flachantennen la und lb jeweils aus separaten Einzelteilen bestehen. Die Figur 7 zeigt dagegen eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Blendenmasken 4' und 6' sowie die Kopplungsnetzwerke 5' für die beiden Flachantennen la und lb bzw. die beiden Strahlerelementegruppen einstückig sind. Die Blendenmasken 4' und 6' werden dabei in zwei Schritten gefertigt. Zuerst werden die Blenden in ein ebenes Blech gestanzt. Danach wird das Blech an der Verbindungslinie der beiden Strahlerelementegruppen derart gebogen, daß die beiden Flächennormalen FN der beiden Strahlerelementegruppen zueinander den Azimutalwinkel bilden. Die beiden Kopplungsnetzwerke können ebenfalls gleichzeitig auf nur einen Substratträger aufgebracht werden. Die in Figur 7 nicht dargestellten, den Abstand zwischen den Teilen 4', 5' und 6' garantierenden Isolationsmaterialien wie z.B. Schaumstoffmatten können ebenfalls für jede Lage einstückig sein, da sie problemlos wie der Substratträger biegbar sind.FIG. 5 shows the schematic structure of a flat antenna, as is known, for example, from DE 19712510. The radiator elements are arranged in a matrix and consist of the diaphragms 4a, 6a and the exciting or outcoupling strip-shaped conductor sections 5b. Via the coupling network 5a, the received signals are routed to a decoupling point, not shown, also called a feed point, from where the signals reach the low-noise converter via a coaxial waveguide. The diaphragm shape of the diaphragms 4a and 6a is to be selected in accordance with the requirements for broadband and the type of polarization to be received. The individual elements 4, 5 and 6 are kept at a distance by flat insulation materials 7 and 8. As shown in FIG. 6, the two adjacent flat antennas la and lb can each consist of separate individual parts. FIG. 7, on the other hand, shows an embodiment in which the aperture masks 4 'and 6' and the coupling networks 5 'for the two flat antennas la and lb or the two radiator element groups are in one piece. The aperture masks 4 'and 6' are manufactured in two steps. First the panels are punched into a flat sheet. The sheet is then bent at the connecting line of the two radiator element groups in such a way that the two surface normals F N of the two radiator element groups form the azimuth angle to one another. The two coupling networks can also be applied simultaneously to only one substrate carrier. The insulation materials, not shown in FIG. 7, which guarantee the distance between the parts 4 ', 5' and 6 ', such as foam mats also be in one piece for each layer, since they can be bent as easily as the substrate carrier.
Die Figur 8 zeigt eine weitere mögliche Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenantenne, bei der beispielhaft zwei Flachantennen derart nebeneinander und im Winkel zueinander angeordnet sind, daß sich die zu empfangenen Satellitensignale von der Mikrowellenantenne kreuzen .FIG. 8 shows a further possible embodiment of the microwave antenna according to the invention, in which, for example, two flat antennas are arranged next to one another and at an angle to one another in such a way that the satellite signals to be received from the microwave antenna cross.
Sofern mehr als zwei verschiedene Satelliten mittels einer Antenne empfangen werden sollen, ist es möglich, die Flachantennen aus Platzgründen gemäß der Figur 9 anzuordnen. Durch diese Anordnung minimiert sich die Gehäusehöhe der Mikrowellenantenne.If more than two different satellites are to be received by means of an antenna, it is possible to arrange the flat antennas according to FIG. 9 for reasons of space. This arrangement minimizes the height of the housing of the microwave antenna.
Es ist selbstverständlich, daß für die erfindungsgemäße Mikrowellenantenne auch eine andere Antennentechnik als die vorbeschriebene eingesetzt werden kann. It goes without saying that an antenna technology other than that described above can also be used for the microwave antenna according to the invention.

Claims

P a te n t an s p rü ch e P a te nt to talk
1. Mikrowellenantenne zum gleichzeitigen Empfang der Strahlungsfelder von N > 2 im Orbit um bestimmte Winkel φ azimutal zueinander versetzt positionierter Satelliten, wobei die Mikrowellenantenne Strahlungselemente hat, die in N Gruppen (la,lb; la' , lb' ; la' ' , lb' ' , lc' ' ) aufgeteilt sind, wobei jede Gruppe (la,lb; la',lb'; la' ' , lb" , lc" ) jeweils über ein Leitungsverteilnetzwerk (5a) mit einem Speisepunkt in Verbindung ist, da du r ch ge k e n n z e i chne t , daß jede der N Gruppen (la,lb; la',lb'; la",lb",lc") von Strahlungselementen jeweils in einer Ebene angeordnet sind und die Flächennormalen (FN) der Ebenen im ausgerichteten Zustand der Mikrowellenantenne in Richtung der jeweils korrespondierenden Satelliten weisen.1. Microwave antenna for the simultaneous reception of the radiation fields of N> 2 in orbit at certain angles φ azimuthally offset from one another, the microwave antenna having radiation elements which are divided into N groups (la, lb; la ', lb'; la '', lb '', lc ''), whereby each group (la, lb; la ', lb'; la '', lb ", lc") is connected to a feed point via a line distribution network (5a), since you r ch ge characteristic that each of the N groups (la, lb; la ', lb'; la ", lb", lc ") of radiation elements are each arranged in one plane and the surface normals (F N ) of the planes in the oriented state of the microwave antenna in the direction of the corresponding satellites.
2. Mikrowellenantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadu rch ge k e nn z e i chn e t , daß die N Gruppen (la,lb; la',lb'; la",lb",lc") nebeneinander, insbesondere aneinander angrenzend angeordnet sind. 2. Microwave antenna according to claim 1, so that the N groups (la, lb; la ', lb'; la ", lb", lc ") are arranged next to one another, in particular adjacent to one another.
3. Mikrowellenantenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß ein dielektrisches Substrat, insbesondere eine Dielektrikumsfolie, die Leitungsverteilnetzwerke (5a) mehrerer Gruppen (la,lb; la',lb'; la",lb",lc") trägt.3. Microwave antenna according to claim 1 or 2, so that a dielectric substrate, in particular a dielectric film, carries the line distribution networks (5a) of several groups (la, lb; la ', lb'; la ", lb", lc ").
4. Mikrowellenantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, da du r ch ge k enn z e i chn e t , daß zum4. Microwave antenna according to one of claims 1 to 3, since you r ch ge k enn z e i chn e t that for
Empfang von Z > 2 Polarisationsarten und/oder -richtungen eines Satelliten eine Anzahl von Z Leitungsverteilnetzwerken in Strahlungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind.Reception of Z> 2 types of polarization and / or directions of a satellite, a number of Z line distribution networks are arranged one behind the other in the radiation direction.
5. Mikrowellenantenne nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, da du r ch ge kenn z e i chne t , daß die5. Microwave antenna according to one of the preceding claims, since you know that the
Mikrowellenantenne aus mindestens zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten leitfähigen Schichten (4,6), insbesondere leitenden Platten, besteht, in denen einander gegenüberliegende Aussparungen oder Hohlräume (4a, 6a) derart vorgesehen sind, daß zwischen jedem Paar aufeinanderfolgender Schichten (4,6) ein dielektrisches Substrat (5) mit einem oder mehreren Leitungsverteilnetzwerken (5a) angeordnet ist, wobei die Enden (5b) jedes Leitungsverteilnetzwerks (5a) den Aussparungen bzw. Hohlräumen (4a, 6a) zugewandt sind um mit diesen letzteren die Strahlungselemente zu bilden.Microwave antenna consists of at least two mutually parallel conductive layers (4,6), in particular conductive plates, in which mutually opposite recesses or cavities (4a, 6a) are provided such that between each pair of successive layers (4,6) there is a dielectric The substrate (5) is arranged with one or more line distribution networks (5a), the ends (5b) of each line distribution network (5a) facing the cutouts or cavities (4a, 6a) in order to form the radiation elements with the latter.
6. Mikrowellenantenne nach Anspruch 5, da du r ch ge k e nn z e i chne t , daß die paarweise angeordneten leitfähigen Schichten oder Platten (4,6), zwischen denen mindestens zwei Leitungsverteilnetzwerke (5a) nebeneinander angeordnet sind, zusammen mit diesen letzteren die Strahlungselemente der Gruppen (la,lb; la',lb'; la",lb",lc") bilden, wobei jede leitfähige Schicht bzw. Platte (4,6) in jeweils eine Anzahl von Ebenen unterteilt ist, die der Anzahl der Leitungsverteilnetzwerke entspricht, wobei deren Flächennormalen jeweils parallel zu denen der jeweils korrespondierenden Leitungsverteilnetzwerke ist .6. Microwave antenna according to claim 5, since du r ch ge ke nn zei chne t that the paired conductive layers or plates (4,6), between which at least two line distribution networks (5a) are arranged side by side, together with the latter Form radiation elements of the groups (la, lb; la ', lb'; la ", lb", lc "), each conductive layer or plate (4, 6) being subdivided into a number of levels which corresponds to the number of Corresponds to line distribution networks, with their surface normals being parallel to those of the corresponding line distribution networks.
Mikrowellenantenne nach Anspruch 6, da du r ch g e k e nn z e i chne t , daß zwischen einer leitfähigen Schicht bzw. Platte (4,6) und einem Leitungsverteilnetzwerk (5) mindestens ein Abstandhalter (7,8) insbesondere eine dielektrische Folie mit kleiner Dielektrizitätszahl ist.Microwave antenna according to Claim 6, since it is known that between a conductive layer or plate (4,6) and a line distribution network (5) at least one spacer (7,8) is in particular a dielectric film with a low dielectric constant .
Mikrowellenantenne zum gleichzeitigen Empfang der Strahlungsfelder von N > 2 im Orbit um bestimmte Winkel azimutal zueinander versetzt positionierter Satelliten, dadu r ch ge k e n n z e i chn e t , daß mehrere planare Antennen (la,lb; la' , lb' ; la" , lb' ' , lc" ) nebeneinander in einem Gehäuse (2, 2', 2") angeordnet sind, wobei die Flächennormalen (FN) der Antennen (la,lb; la',lb'; la" , lb' ' , lc' ' ) im ausgerichteten Zustand der Mikrowellenantenne in Richtung der jeweils korrespondierenden Satelliten weisen. Microwave antenna for the simultaneous reception of the radiation fields of N> 2 in orbit by satellites offset azimuthally from one another by certain angles, so that a number of planar antennas (la, lb; la ', lb'; la ", lb '' , lc ") are arranged side by side in a housing (2, 2 ', 2"), the surface normals (F N ) of the antennas (la, lb; la', lb '; la ", lb'',lc'' ) point in the aligned state of the microwave antenna in the direction of the corresponding satellites.
EP99941473A 1998-10-05 1999-07-28 Bifocal planar antenna Expired - Lifetime EP1145368B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19845868 1998-10-05
DE19845868A DE19845868A1 (en) 1998-10-05 1998-10-05 Dual focus planar antenna
PCT/EP1999/005400 WO2000021154A2 (en) 1998-10-05 1999-07-28 Bifocal planar antenna

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EP1145368A2 true EP1145368A2 (en) 2001-10-17
EP1145368A3 EP1145368A3 (en) 2002-11-13
EP1145368B1 EP1145368B1 (en) 2005-01-12

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US (1) US6580401B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1145368B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE287129T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5507599A (en)
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WO (1) WO2000021154A2 (en)

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DE59911458D1 (en) 2005-02-17
EP1145368A3 (en) 2002-11-13
WO2000021154A3 (en) 2002-09-26
WO2000021154A2 (en) 2000-04-13
EP1145368B1 (en) 2005-01-12
US6580401B1 (en) 2003-06-17
ATE287129T1 (en) 2005-01-15
AU5507599A (en) 2000-04-26
DE19845868A1 (en) 2000-04-06

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