EP1145121A2 - Method for asynchronous data transmission, with characteristics of atomicity, coherence, insulation and durability (acid) - Google Patents

Method for asynchronous data transmission, with characteristics of atomicity, coherence, insulation and durability (acid)

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Publication number
EP1145121A2
EP1145121A2 EP00958660A EP00958660A EP1145121A2 EP 1145121 A2 EP1145121 A2 EP 1145121A2 EP 00958660 A EP00958660 A EP 00958660A EP 00958660 A EP00958660 A EP 00958660A EP 1145121 A2 EP1145121 A2 EP 1145121A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transaction
information
chain
communication channel
supplier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00958660A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1145121A3 (en
Inventor
Michel Ruffin
Laurent Clevy
Simone Sedillot
Ramzi Karoui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Publication of EP1145121A2 publication Critical patent/EP1145121A2/en
Publication of EP1145121A3 publication Critical patent/EP1145121A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/466—Transaction processing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of information transmission between suppliers and consumers through a chain of communication channels. More particularly, the invention consists in carrying out this transmission asynchronously while respecting the so-called ACID properties.
  • An asynchronous communication service includes a manager and one or more communication channels.
  • a supplier (customer of the service) transmits the information by addressing a specific channel.
  • the channel transfers information to the consumer
  • the channel acts as an intermediary between two customers by decoupling the transmission of information on one side and the other. We must be able to deliver information reliably while maintaining desynchronization between suppliers and consumers.
  • a known solution for transmitting data reliably is based on transaction systems.
  • a transaction is initiated by the data provider, then is "propagated" to intermediate elements (communication channels) to finally reach the consumer. Once the data has been delivered, and before confirming the modifications made (data delivery), the properties linked to the execution of the transaction are checked.
  • Asynchronous communication channels imply a desynchronization between suppliers and consumers while transactions require synchronization to enable end-to-end tracking of transaction stability properties.
  • a transaction must satisfy four properties grouped under the acronym ACID meaning: Atomicity, Coherence, Insulation and Durability. These four properties are closely related. The competition control and takeover mechanisms implemented by a transactional engine aim to enforce them.
  • the atomicity guarantees that either all of the updates to a transaction are made, or none of these updates are made. Failure to comply with this property can lead to all the data evolving from the initial coherent state to an incoherent state.
  • any series of actions constituting a transaction is marked by a beginning and an end.
  • the start of a transaction signals the transaction start event to the transaction engine.
  • Two orders are provided to mark the end of a transaction:
  • the consistency property concerns the semantic consistency of a data set.
  • the maintenance of this can be partly ensured by the mechanisms ensuring the control of integrity constraints and by the maintenance of the ownership of the transactions.
  • Isolation is essential in a multitasking environment, to ensure that each transaction sees a consistent state of all of the data. Isolation consists in ensuring that if the transaction is executed in parallel with other transactions (accessing a common set of data), there is a serial execution of the same transactions which would produce the same changes to the data set accessed by transactions. In this case, the isolation property is checked for this set of transactions.
  • Durability ensures that updates to a committed transaction are final.
  • the only action which must make it possible to undo the updates of a validated transaction is the execution of a compensation transaction. This property goes hand in hand with the atomicity property stipulating that the updates of a transaction form a coherent whole which is either abandoned as a whole, or validated durably.
  • a method of implementation in the event of memory or disk failure resulting in the loss of part of the information in the database, consists of having a recovery mechanism to recover the lost information.
  • a transaction can be initiated and guarantee from the information provider to the consumer that the ACID properties are respected.
  • the actions guaranteeing these properties must interact with each other in a reliable and determined manner, depending on the quality of service desired.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an asynchronous communication system having ACID properties.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of asynchronous transmission of information between a supplier and a consumer, in accordance with the ACID properties, the supplier and the consumer being connected by a chain of communication channels.
  • This process is characterized in that the information is transmitted by means of established independent transactions:
  • Another subject of the invention is a communication channel, allowing the asynchronous transmission of information between a supplier and a consumer, in accordance with the ACID properties.
  • This channel has a set of customers, which can be other communication channels and / or consumers and it is characterized in that it comprises:
  • the supplier initiates a transaction only with the first communication channel in the chain. Also, he will very quickly obtain the result (“commit” or “Abort”) of this transaction, and will not remain blocked while awaiting the delivery of information to the consumer. In other words, the objective of asynchronous transmission is achieved.
  • Figure 1 shows the general principle of a transaction chain according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a communication network implementing communication channels according to the invention.
  • a transaction is initiated by a supplier, referenced 1, destined for a communication channel 2.
  • This transaction includes at least the information that the supplier wishes to transmit to consumers 5.
  • the communication channel then stores this information in a reliable memory 4.
  • this reliable memory can be a database having an XA interface and the necessary recovery mechanisms.
  • the transaction which was initiated by the supplier 1 is finalized. If this finalization is successful (which conventionally corresponds to the sending of a "commit" message to the supplier), the information contained in the transaction is stored in queues 6.
  • a client of the channel can be a consumer as is the case in this example, or another communication channel. In the example in FIG. 1, there are therefore two queues, each one being associated with one of the two consumers 5.
  • the information is stored in the queues before finalizing the transaction, but it is only made available (for example by means of an availability identifier associated with each queue) when this finalization has been successful.
  • an execution thread exists for each consumer virtually connected to the channel.
  • the role of these execution threads is to consume the information stored in the queues 6 in order to initiate transactions with the clients of the communication channel.
  • These customers can be consumers 5, or possibly other communication channels.
  • These transactions contain the information stored in the queues, which was previously received from provider 1. Information is thus transmitted along the chain.
  • the reliable storage is never used in reading.
  • the reliable memory is typically a database, it is understood that any access is penalizing in terms of speed of execution. This method therefore makes it possible to minimize access to reliable memory, by the use of much faster queues, and consequently to accelerate the speed of transmission of information from the supplier to consumers.
  • each software element provides a standard recovery interface for failure recovery.
  • This interface allows you to undo the actions made by a failed transaction.
  • the reliable memory provides an interface which makes it possible mainly to remove information relating to a transaction from storage. Thus, if one of the transactions in the chain fails, all of the actions taken on the objects involved in the transaction in question are undone. Once the actions are undone due to the failure of a transaction, the transaction can be started again. by reading the information stored in the reliable memory.
  • This solution provides an end-to-end data recovery mechanism, working automatically with an external transaction system. Compared to other solutions, this mechanism is generic.
  • a single communication channel is considered, but this mechanism being symmetrical it works in the same way in any chain of channels.
  • the number of communication channels between the supplier and the consumer or consumers can be arbitrary.
  • a communication channel can connect as a client of another communication channel.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a network of communication channels.
  • a supplier F is connected to a first communication channel.
  • a supplier F 2 is connected to a second communication channel. These two communication channels have a third communication channel for the client.
  • One or more consumers C are connected as customers of the first communication channel, while one or more consumers C 2 are connected as customers of the second communication channel.
  • Such a network topology is of great practical interest. It allows consumers C to receive only information from the supplier F 17 while consumers C 2 receive information from the suppliers F and F 2 . Any piece of software can therefore choose to receive information from several suppliers by choosing the communication channel to which he must connect as a customer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for asynchronous data transmission between a provider and a consumer, in accordance with ACID characteristics, the supplier and the consumer being connected by a communication channel chain. Said method is characterised in that the data are transmitted through independent transactions established: between the supplier and a first communication channel of the chain; between each of the communication channels of the chain; and between the last communication channel of the chain and the consumer.

Description

Procédé de transmission asynchrone d'informations, possédant les propriétés ACID.Method of asynchronous transmission of information, having ACID properties.
L'invention concerne le domaine de la transmission d'informations entre des fournisseurs et des consommateurs au travers une chaîne de canaux de communication. Plus particulièrement, l'invention consiste à effectuer cette transmission de façon asynchrone tout en respectant les propriétés dites ACID.The invention relates to the field of information transmission between suppliers and consumers through a chain of communication channels. More particularly, the invention consists in carrying out this transmission asynchronously while respecting the so-called ACID properties.
Les systèmes de communication utilisant des modes de transfert asynchrones sont de plus en plus utilisés. Les communications fiables sont nécessaires dans un grand nombre de cas. La fiabilité peut être assurée par l'ajout de mécanismes transactionnels au service de communication.Communication systems using asynchronous transfer modes are increasingly used. Reliable communications are necessary in a large number of cases. Reliability can be ensured by adding transactional mechanisms to the communication service.
Un service de communication asynchrone comprend un gestionnaire et un ou plusieurs canaux de communication.An asynchronous communication service includes a manager and one or more communication channels.
Un fournisseur (client du service) émet les informations en adressant un canal spécifique. Le canal transfère l'information au consommateurA supplier (customer of the service) transmits the information by addressing a specific channel. The channel transfers information to the consumer
(client du service aussi) en invoquant son interface. Le canal agit comme un intermédiaire entre deux clients en découplant la transmission de l'information d'un côté et de l'autre. Il faut pouvoir délivrer les informations de manière fiable tout en maintenant la désynchronisation entre les fournisseurs et les consommateurs.(customer of the service also) by invoking its interface. The channel acts as an intermediary between two customers by decoupling the transmission of information on one side and the other. We must be able to deliver information reliably while maintaining desynchronization between suppliers and consumers.
Une solution connue pour transmettre les données de manière fiable s'appuie sur les systèmes de transactions. Une transaction est initiée par le fournisseur de données, puis est "propagée" aux éléments intermédiaires (canaux de communication) pour atteindre finalement le consommateur. Une fois les données délivrées, et avant de confirmer les modifications apportées (la livraison des données), les propriétés liées à l'exécution de la transaction sont vérifiées.A known solution for transmitting data reliably is based on transaction systems. A transaction is initiated by the data provider, then is "propagated" to intermediate elements (communication channels) to finally reach the consumer. Once the data has been delivered, and before confirming the modifications made (data delivery), the properties linked to the execution of the transaction are checked.
Il faut permettre la propagation de l'exécution de transactions à travers un canal de communication. Les canaux de communication asynchrones impliquent une désynchronisation entre les fournisseurs et les consommateurs alors que les transactions nécessitent une synchronisation pour permettre de suivre de bout en bout de l'exécution les propriétés de stabilité des transactions.It is necessary to allow the propagation of the execution of transactions through a communication channel. Asynchronous communication channels imply a desynchronization between suppliers and consumers while transactions require synchronization to enable end-to-end tracking of transaction stability properties.
Une transaction doit satisfaire quatre propriétés regroupées sous l'acronyme ACID signifiant : Atomicité, Cohérence, Isolation et Durabilité. Ces quatre propriétés sont étroitement liées entre elles. Les mécanismes de contrôle de concurrence et de reprise mis en oeuvre par un moteur transactionnel ont pour objectif de les faire respecter.A transaction must satisfy four properties grouped under the acronym ACID meaning: Atomicity, Coherence, Insulation and Durability. These four properties are closely related. The competition control and takeover mechanisms implemented by a transactional engine aim to enforce them.
L'atomicité garantit que, soit l'ensemble des mises à jour d'une transaction est effectué, soit aucune de ces mises à jour n'est effectuée. Le non-respect de cette propriété peut conduire à faire évoluer l'ensemble des données de l'état cohérent initial à un état incohérent.The atomicity guarantees that either all of the updates to a transaction are made, or none of these updates are made. Failure to comply with this property can lead to all the data evolving from the initial coherent state to an incoherent state.
Afin de faire respecter cette propriété, toute série d'action constituant une transaction est marquée par un début et une fin. Le début d'une transaction signale l'événement de début d'une transaction au moteur transactionnel. Deux ordres sont prévus pour marquer la fin d'une transaction :In order to enforce this property, any series of actions constituting a transaction is marked by a beginning and an end. The start of a transaction signals the transaction start event to the transaction engine. Two orders are provided to mark the end of a transaction:
"commit" permet à la transaction de signaler au moniteur transactionnel que du point isolé de la transaction toutes ses actions se sont bien passé. "Abort" permet à la transaction de signaler au moniteur transactionnel qu'une ou plusieurs de ses actions ont échoué et que la transaction ne souhaite pas être validée (les données modifiées par la transaction doivent êtres remis dans leur état précédent). En fonction de l'événement reçu en fin de transaction par le moniteur transactionnel et en fonction de la vue globale du système qu'il peut avoir (interaction entre transactions) le moniteur transactionnel décide ou non de valider la transaction c'est-à-dire de rendre définitives les modifications apportées par celle-ci Dans le cas où une panne système se produit avant la fin d'une transaction, celle-ci est considérée comme abandonnée. Un des mécanismes possibles afin de respecter la propriété d'atomicité consiste à conserver pour chaque transaction en cours l'image précédente de toute donnée mise à jour. En cas d'abandon d'une transaction, il est possible de défaire la transaction en appliquant toutes les images précédentes de la transaction."commit" allows the transaction to signal to the transaction monitor that from the isolated point of the transaction all of its actions went well. "Abort" allows the transaction to signal to the transaction monitor that one or more of its actions have failed and that the transaction does not wish to be validated (the data modified by the transaction must be returned to their previous state). Depending on the event received at the end of the transaction by the transactional monitor and according to the overall view of the system that he may have (interaction between transactions), the transactional monitor decides whether or not to validate the transaction, say to make the changes made by it final. In the event that a system failure occurs before the end of a transaction, it is considered abandoned. One of the possible mechanisms in order to respect the atomicity property consists in keeping for each transaction in progress the previous image of any updated data. In in case of abandonment of a transaction, it is possible to undo the transaction by applying all the previous images of the transaction.
La propriété de cohérence concerne la cohérence sémantique d'un ensemble de données. Le maintien de celle-ci peut être en partie assuré par les mécanismes assurant le contrôle de contraintes d'intégrité et par le maintien de la propriété des transactions.The consistency property concerns the semantic consistency of a data set. The maintenance of this can be partly ensured by the mechanisms ensuring the control of integrity constraints and by the maintenance of the ownership of the transactions.
L'isolation est indispensable en environnement multi-tâches, pour garantir que chaque transaction voit un état cohérent de l'ensemble des données. L'isolation consiste à garantir que si la transaction s'exécute en parallèle avec d'autres transactions (accédant a un ensemble commun de données), il existe une exécution en série des mêmes transactions qui produirait les mêmes changements à l'ensemble des données accédées par les transactions. Dans ce cas, la propriété d'isolation est vérifiée pour cet ensemble de transactions.Isolation is essential in a multitasking environment, to ensure that each transaction sees a consistent state of all of the data. Isolation consists in ensuring that if the transaction is executed in parallel with other transactions (accessing a common set of data), there is a serial execution of the same transactions which would produce the same changes to the data set accessed by transactions. In this case, the isolation property is checked for this set of transactions.
La durabilité garantit que les mises à jour d'une transaction validée sont définitives. La seule action qui doit permettre de défaire les mises à jour d'une transaction validée est l 'exécution d'une transaction de compensation. Cette propriété va de pair avec la propriété d'atomicité stipulant que les mises à jour d'une transaction forment un tout cohérent qui est soit abandonné dans son ensemble, soit validé durablement. Une méthode de réalisation en cas de panne mémoire ou de panne disque entraînant la perte d'une partie des informations de la base de donnée, consiste à disposer d'un mécanisme de reprise pour récupérer les informations perdues.Durability ensures that updates to a committed transaction are final. The only action which must make it possible to undo the updates of a validated transaction is the execution of a compensation transaction. This property goes hand in hand with the atomicity property stipulating that the updates of a transaction form a coherent whole which is either abandoned as a whole, or validated durably. A method of implementation in the event of memory or disk failure resulting in the loss of part of the information in the database, consists of having a recovery mechanism to recover the lost information.
Il est nécessaire de posséder des mécanismes de communication asynchrones fiables de bout en bout. Il est difficile de combiner l'aspect asynchrone du transfert avec les transactions qui sont par essence synchrones.It is necessary to have reliable asynchronous end-to-end communication mechanisms. It is difficult to combine the asynchronous aspect of the transfer with the transactions which are essentially synchronous.
Dans un système synchrone, une transaction peut être initiée et garantir depuis le fournisseur d'information jusqu'au consommateur le respect des propriétés ACID. Dans un système asynchrone, les actions garantissant ces propriétés doivent interαgir entre elles d'une manière fiable et déterminée, suivant la qualité de service désirée.In a synchronous system, a transaction can be initiated and guarantee from the information provider to the consumer that the ACID properties are respected. In an asynchronous system, the actions guaranteeing these properties must interact with each other in a reliable and determined manner, depending on the quality of service desired.
Le but de l'invention est donc de fournir un système de communication asynchrone ayant des propriétés ACID.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an asynchronous communication system having ACID properties.
Pour cela, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de transmission asynchrone d'informations entre un fournisseur et un consommateur, conformément aux propriétés ACID, le fournisseur et le consommateur étant reliés par une chaîne de canaux de communication. Ce procédé se caractérise en ce que les informations sont transmises au moyen de transactions indépendantes établies :For this, the subject of the invention is a method of asynchronous transmission of information between a supplier and a consumer, in accordance with the ACID properties, the supplier and the consumer being connected by a chain of communication channels. This process is characterized in that the information is transmitted by means of established independent transactions:
• entre le fournisseur et le premier canal de communication de la chaîne,• between the supplier and the first communication channel in the chain,
• entre chacun des canaux de communication de la chaîne, et,• between each of the chain's communication channels, and,
• entre le dernier canal de communication de la chaîne et le consommateur.• between the chain's last communication channel and the consumer.
L'invention a pour autre objet un canal de communication, permettant la transmission asynchrone d'informations entre un fournisseur et un consommateur, conformément aux propriétés ACID. Ce canal possède un ensemble de clients, pouvant être d'autres canaux de communication et/ou des consommateurs et il se caractérise en ce qu'il comporte :Another subject of the invention is a communication channel, allowing the asynchronous transmission of information between a supplier and a consumer, in accordance with the ACID properties. This channel has a set of customers, which can be other communication channels and / or consumers and it is characterized in that it comprises:
• des moyens pour mémoriser les informations contenues dans une transaction dont le canal est la cible,Means for memorizing the information contained in a transaction for which the channel is the target,
• des moyens permettant de finaliser la transaction,• means to finalize the transaction,
• des moyens pour initier des transactions contenant les informations, avec les clients, si la transaction a réussi.• means to initiate transactions containing the information, with the clients, if the transaction has been successful.
Ainsi, le fait d'initier des transactions indépendantes pour chaque maillon de la chaîne permet de ne défaire que le minimum de transactions en cas de problème. Cela permet, bien évidemment, d'atteindre de bonnes performances en ce qui concerne le temps de délivrance des informations au consommateur.Thus, the fact of initiating independent transactions for each link in the chain makes it possible to undo only the minimum of transactions in the event of a problem. This allows, of course, to achieve good performance with regard to the time taken to deliver information to the consumer.
Par ailleurs, le fournisseur n'initie une transaction qu'avec le premier canal de communication de la chaîne. Aussi, il obtiendra très rapidement le résultat ("commit" ou "Abort") de cette transaction, et ne demeura pas bloqué en attendant la délivrance des informations au consommateur. Autrement dit, l'objectif d'asynchronisme de la transmission est atteint.In addition, the supplier initiates a transaction only with the first communication channel in the chain. Also, he will very quickly obtain the result ("commit" or "Abort") of this transaction, and will not remain blocked while awaiting the delivery of information to the consumer. In other words, the objective of asynchronous transmission is achieved.
Grâce au fait que toutes les transmissions intermédiaires sont effectuées au moyen de transactions, on a l'assurance de la délivrance des informations au consommateur avec le respect des propriétés ACID. Autrement dit, on peut dire qu'il y a une "transaction virtuelle" entre le fournisseur et le consommateur.Thanks to the fact that all intermediate transmissions are carried out by means of transactions, we have the assurance of the delivery of information to the consumer with respect for ACID properties. In other words, we can say that there is a "virtual transaction" between the supplier and the consumer.
L'invention sera mieux comprise avec la description détaillée suivante d'une mise en oeuvre.The invention will be better understood with the following detailed description of an implementation.
La figure 1 montre le principe général d'une chaîne de transactions selon l'invention.Figure 1 shows the general principle of a transaction chain according to the invention.
La figure 2 montre un exemple de réseau de communication mettant en oeuvre des canaux de communication conforme à l'invention.FIG. 2 shows an example of a communication network implementing communication channels according to the invention.
Dans la figure 1 , les fournisseurs, le canal de communication asynchrone et les consommateurs sont des objets virtuellement connectés en une chaîne unidirectionnelle de propagation des informations. Comme il sera plus précisément explicité plus loin, cette chaîne peut comporter plusieurs canaux de communication en cascade entre le fournisseur et les consommateurs.In Figure 1, suppliers, the asynchronous communication channel and consumers are objects virtually connected in a unidirectional chain of information propagation. As will be explained more precisely below, this chain may include several cascading communication channels between the supplier and the consumers.
Une transaction est initiée par un fournisseur, référencé 1 , à destination d'un canal de communication 2. Cette transaction comporte au moins les informations que le fournisseur désire transmettre aux consommateurs 5. Le canal de communication mémorise alors ces informations dans une mémoire fiable 4. Classiquement, cette mémoire fiable peut être une base de données possédant une interface XA et les mécanismes de reprises nécessaires. Ensuite, la transaction qui a été initiée par le fournisseur 1 , est finalisée. En cas de réussite de cette finalisation (ce qui correspond classiquement à l'émission d'un message "commit" vers le fournisseur), les informations contenues dans la transaction sont mémorisées dans des files d'attentes 6. Il y a une file d'attente par clients du canal. Un client du canal peut être un consommateur comme c'est le cas dans cet exemple, ou bien un autre canal de communication. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1 , on a donc deux files d'attente, chacune étant associée à un des deux consommateurs 5.A transaction is initiated by a supplier, referenced 1, destined for a communication channel 2. This transaction includes at least the information that the supplier wishes to transmit to consumers 5. The communication channel then stores this information in a reliable memory 4. Conventionally, this reliable memory can be a database having an XA interface and the necessary recovery mechanisms. Then, the transaction which was initiated by the supplier 1, is finalized. If this finalization is successful (which conventionally corresponds to the sending of a "commit" message to the supplier), the information contained in the transaction is stored in queues 6. There is a queue of by customers of the channel. A client of the channel can be a consumer as is the case in this example, or another communication channel. In the example in FIG. 1, there are therefore two queues, each one being associated with one of the two consumers 5.
Selon une autre mise en œuvre possible, les informations sont stockées dans les files d'attente avant de finaliser la transaction, mais elles ne sont rendues disponibles (par exemple au moyen d'un identificateur de disponibilité associé à chaque file d'attente) que lorsque cette finalisation a réussi.According to another possible implementation, the information is stored in the queues before finalizing the transaction, but it is only made available (for example by means of an availability identifier associated with each queue) when this finalization has been successful.
Il est à noter que plusieurs fournisseurs peuvent invoquer le même canal de communication 2 en parallèle. Ceci est rendu techniquement possible par l'utilisation de plusieurs fils d'exécution (aussi appelés processus légué, ou encore thread, selon la terminologie en langue anglaise).It should be noted that several suppliers can invoke the same communication channel 2 in parallel. This is made technically possible by the use of several execution threads (also called legate process, or thread, according to the terminology in English language).
De la même façon, un fil d'exécution existe pour chaque consommateur virtuellement connecté au canal. Le rôle de ces fils d'exécution est de consommer les informations stockées dans les files d'attente 6 afin d'initier des transactions avec les clients du canal de communication. Ces clients peuvent être des consommateurs 5, ou bien éventuellement d'autres canaux de communication. Ces transactions contiennent les informations stockées dans les files d'attente, et qui ont été précédemment reçues du fournisseur 1 . Les informations sont ainsi transmises le long de la chaîne.Likewise, an execution thread exists for each consumer virtually connected to the channel. The role of these execution threads is to consume the information stored in the queues 6 in order to initiate transactions with the clients of the communication channel. These customers can be consumers 5, or possibly other communication channels. These transactions contain the information stored in the queues, which was previously received from provider 1. Information is thus transmitted along the chain.
Les clients (ici les consommateurs 5) finalisent alors les transactions. Si les transactions réussissent, le canal de communication reçoit en retour un message l'en avertissant ("commit"). Dans ce cas, les informations mémorisées dans la file d'attente 6 correspondant au client ayant transmis leCustomers (here consumers 5) then finalize the transactions. If the transactions succeed, the communication channel receives in return a message warning it ("commit"). In this case, the information stored in the queue 6 corresponding to the client having transmitted the
"commit", sont retirées."commit", are removed.
Dans ce cas, on peut remarquer que le stockage fiable n'est jamais utilisé en lecture. Dans la mesure où le mémoire fiable est typiquement une base de données, on comprend que tout accès est pénalisant en terme de rapidité d'exécution. Ce procédé permet donc de minimiser les accès à la mémoire fiable, par l'utilisation de files d'attente bien plus rapides, et par conséquent d'accélérer la vitesse de transmission des informations du fournisseur vers les consommateurs.In this case, we can notice that the reliable storage is never used in reading. Insofar as the reliable memory is typically a database, it is understood that any access is penalizing in terms of speed of execution. This method therefore makes it possible to minimize access to reliable memory, by the use of much faster queues, and consequently to accelerate the speed of transmission of information from the supplier to consumers.
Selon une mise en oeuvre de l'invention, chaque élément logiciel (fournisseur, canal de communication, consommateurs) fournit une interface standard de recouvrement pour reprise sur panne. Cette interface permet de défaire les actions faites par une transaction ayant échoué. De même la mémoire fiable fourni une interface permettant principalement de retirer du stockage des informations liées à une transaction. Ainsi, si une des transactions dans la chaîne échoue, l'ensemble des actions entreprises sur les objets impliqués par la transaction en question, est défait Une fois les actions défaites en raison de l'échec d'une transaction, la transaction peut être recommencée en lisant les informations stockées dans la mémoire fiable.According to an implementation of the invention, each software element (supplier, communication channel, consumers) provides a standard recovery interface for failure recovery. This interface allows you to undo the actions made by a failed transaction. Likewise, the reliable memory provides an interface which makes it possible mainly to remove information relating to a transaction from storage. Thus, if one of the transactions in the chain fails, all of the actions taken on the objects involved in the transaction in question are undone. Once the actions are undone due to the failure of a transaction, the transaction can be started again. by reading the information stored in the reliable memory.
Comme cela a été annoncé plus haut, on remarque qu'en cas d'échec d'une transaction, celle-ci peut être défaite et recommencée sans remettre en question les autres transactions qui ont été effectuées précédemment dans la chaîne.As announced above, we note that if a transaction fails, it can be undone and restarted without putting back in question the other transactions that were carried out previously in the chain.
En cas de perte de l'état d'un canal, c'est-à-dire du contenu des files d'attente et de la connaissance de ses interconnections virtuelles, les mémoires fiables permettent de restaurer cet état.In the event of loss of the state of a channel, that is to say of the content of the queues and of the knowledge of its virtual interconnections, the reliable memories make it possible to restore this state.
Cette solution fournit un mécanisme de récupération de données de bout en bout, travaillant de manière automatique avec un système transactionnel externe. Comparé à d'autres solutions, ce mécanisme est générique.This solution provides an end-to-end data recovery mechanism, working automatically with an external transaction system. Compared to other solutions, this mechanism is generic.
Dans tous ce qui précède un seul canal de communication est considéré mais ce mécanisme étant symétrique il fonctionne de la même manière dans toute chaîne de canaux. Autrement dit, le nombre de canaux de communication entre le fournisseur et le ou les consommateurs peut être quelconque. Comme on l'a vue précédemment, dans une telle situation, un canal de communication peut se connecter en tant que client d'un autre canal de communication.In all of the above, a single communication channel is considered, but this mechanism being symmetrical it works in the same way in any chain of channels. In other words, the number of communication channels between the supplier and the consumer or consumers can be arbitrary. As seen above, in such a situation, a communication channel can connect as a client of another communication channel.
La figure 2 illustre un exemple de réseau de canaux de communication. Un fournisseur F, est connecté à un premier canal de communication. Un fournisseur F2 est connecté à un second canal de communication. Ces deux canaux de communication ont pour client un troisième canal de communication. Un ou plusieurs consommateurs C, sont connectés comme clients du premier canal de communication, tandis qu'un ou plusieurs consommateurs C2 sont connectés comme clients du deuxième canal de communication.FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a network of communication channels. A supplier F, is connected to a first communication channel. A supplier F 2 is connected to a second communication channel. These two communication channels have a third communication channel for the client. One or more consumers C, are connected as customers of the first communication channel, while one or more consumers C 2 are connected as customers of the second communication channel.
Une telle topologie de réseau possède un fort intérêt pratique. Il permet à des consommateurs C, de ne recevoir que les informations issues du fournisseur Fl 7 tandis que les consommateurs C2 reçoivent les informations des fournisseurs F et F2. Un élément logiciel quelconque peut donc choisir de recevoir les informations provenant de plusieurs fournisseurs en choisissant le canal de communication auquel il doit se connecter en tant que client. Such a network topology is of great practical interest. It allows consumers C to receive only information from the supplier F 17 while consumers C 2 receive information from the suppliers F and F 2 . Any piece of software can therefore choose to receive information from several suppliers by choosing the communication channel to which he must connect as a customer.

Claims

Revendicationsclaims
1 ) Procédé de transmission asynchrone d'informations entre un fournisseur et un consommateur, conformément aux propriétés ACID, ledit fournisseur et ledit consommateur étant reliés par une chaîne de canaux de communication, caractérisé en ce que lesdites informations sont transmises au moyen de transactions indépendantes établies :1) Method for asynchronous transmission of information between a supplier and a consumer, in accordance with ACID properties, said supplier and said consumer being connected by a chain of communication channels, characterized in that said information is transmitted by means of established independent transactions :
• entre ledit fournisseur et le premier canal de communication de ladite chaîne,Between said supplier and the first communication channel of said chain,
• entre chacun des canaux de communication de ladite chaîne, et,Between each of the communication channels of said chain, and,
• entre le dernier canal de communication de ladite chaîne et ledit consommateur.• between the last communication channel of said chain and said consumer.
2) Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que chaque canal de communication possède un ensemble de clients, lesdits clients pouvant être d'autres canaux de communication et/ou des consommateurs, et en ce que lorsqu'un canal de communication de ladite chaîne est la cible d'une desdites transactions indépendantes, il met en oeuvre les étapes suivantes : • mémoriser lesdites informations dans une mémoire fiable,2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that each communication channel has a set of customers, said customers possibly being other communication channels and / or consumers, and in that when a communication channel of said chain is the target of one of said independent transactions, it implements the following steps: • memorizing said information in a reliable memory,
• finaliser ladite transaction indépendante,• finalize said independent transaction,
• si ladite transaction indépendante a réussi, initier des transactions indépendantes avec lesdits clients contenant lesdites informations.• if the said independent transaction has been successful, initiate independent transactions with the said clients containing the said information.
3) Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que pour initier lesdites transactions indépendantes, lesdites informations sont mémorisées dans des files d'attente, chaque file d'attente étant associée à un desdits clients et consommée par un fil d'exécution. 4) Canal de communication, permettant la transmission asynchrone d'informations entre un fournisseur et un consommateur, conformément aux propriétés ACID, ledit canal possédant un ensemble de clients, lesdits clients pouvant être d'autres canaux de communication et/ou des consommateurs, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :3) Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that to initiate said independent transactions, said information is stored in queues, each queue being associated with one of said clients and consumed by an execution thread. 4) Communication channel, allowing the asynchronous transmission of information between a supplier and a consumer, in accordance with ACID properties, said channel having a set of customers, said customers possibly being other communication channels and / or consumers, characterized in that it includes:
• des moyens pour mémoriser les informations contenues dans une transaction dont ledit canal est la cible,Means for memorizing the information contained in a transaction of which said channel is the target,
• des moyens permettant de finaliser ladite transaction,Means for finalizing said transaction,
• des moyens pour initier des transactions contenant lesdites informations, avec lesdits clients, si ladite transaction a réussi.• means for initiating transactions containing said information, with said customers, if said transaction has been successful.
5) Canal de communication selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des files d'attente, chaque file d'attente étant associée à un desdits clients.5) Communication channel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises queues, each queue being associated with one of said customers.
6) Architecture de communication asynchrone transactionnelle utilisant une pluralité de canaux de communication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5. 6) Asynchronous transactional communication architecture using a plurality of communication channels according to any one of claims 4 or 5.
EP00958660A 1999-08-16 2000-08-10 Method for asynchronous data transmission, with characteristics of atomicity, coherence, insulation and durability (acid) Withdrawn EP1145121A3 (en)

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FR9910516 1999-08-16
FR9910516 1999-08-16
PCT/FR2000/002292 WO2001013225A2 (en) 1999-08-16 2000-08-10 Method for asynchronous data transmission, with characteristics of atomicity, coherence, insulation and durability (acid)

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GB2301686A (en) * 1995-06-03 1996-12-11 Ibm Transaction synchronisation procedure in a routing node
EP0817019B1 (en) * 1996-07-02 2003-01-29 International Business Machines Corporation Method of stratified transaction processing

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