EP1143122B1 - Exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1143122B1 EP1143122B1 EP01107925A EP01107925A EP1143122B1 EP 1143122 B1 EP1143122 B1 EP 1143122B1 EP 01107925 A EP01107925 A EP 01107925A EP 01107925 A EP01107925 A EP 01107925A EP 1143122 B1 EP1143122 B1 EP 1143122B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flanges
- manifold
- cylinder head
- disposed
- exhaust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
- F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
- F01N2450/24—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by bolts, screws, rivets or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine.
- Exhaust manifolds for internal combustion engines comprising an elongate hollow body provided with a plurality of openings that can be connected to respective exhaust ducts obtained on the cylinder head, an exhaust outlet adapted to be connected to an exhaust duct of the vehicle, and a plurality of studs or flanges for securing the manifold to the cylinder head by means of threaded fastening members, are known.
- the openings and the fastening studs or flanges are generally bounded at the front by a common, plane support surface adapted to cooperate in a fluid-tight manner with the cylinder head via the interposition of a gasket.
- the threaded fastening members are, for constructional reasons (in connection with the cylinder head) normally disposed on opposite sides of each opening.
- US 5,887,428 discloses a header wherein a plurality of pipes are welded by an extremity to corresponding holes in a plate, the welds being on the opposite side of the plate with respect to the pipes and being ground flat to define a common plane, so to connect the header to the cylinders head without the use of gaskets.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine, whose constructional characteristics make it possible to resolve the problems of the prior art in a simple and economic manner.
- Fig. 1 shows an exhaust manifold 1 for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, of which a cylinder head 10 is shown partially in Fig. 3.
- the manifold 1 comprises an elongate body 2 provided with a front wall 5, two side walls 6, 7 and a base wall 8 bounding a longitudinal cavity shown by 3 in Fig. 3.
- the manifold 1 comprises an exhaust outlet 4 rigid with the body 2 and adapted to be connected to an exhaust duct of the vehicle which is known and is not therefore shown.
- the front wall 5 is provided with a plurality of openings 9, communicating with the cavity 3, each of which is adapted to be connected, in operation, to a respective exhaust duct 11 obtained on the cylinder head 10 (or to a pair of ducts 11 associated with the exhaust valves of a cylinder in the case of an engine with four valves per cylinder).
- the openings 9, as shown in Fig. 2, are in particular aligned with one another and spaced along the front wall 5 and each opening has a substantially rectangular aperture 12 surrounded externally by a respective annular sealing surface 13.
- the openings 9 are separated from one another by transverse recesses 14 of the front wall 5 such that the annular sealing surfaces 13 are disposed to project and form the sole support surfaces of the manifold 1 with respect to the head 10.
- a plurality of flanges 15 for securing the manifold 1 to the cylinder head 10 by bolts 16 obtained rigidly with the body 2 extend laterally from the side walls 6 and 7 in a projecting manner.
- the flanges 15 each have a fastening portion 17 in the form of a circular plate, parallel to the annular sealing surfaces 13 and disposed in the vicinity of the front wall 5, and a stiffening portion 18 which rigidly connects an edge of the fastening portion 17 to the body 2 and is substantially formed by a pair of triangular walls 19 disposed on the sides of the portion 17.
- Each of the flanges 15 has, on the portion 17, a through hole 20 adapted to be engaged by a respective bolt 16 (Fig. 3) for fastening the manifold 1 to the cylinder head 10.
- Fig. 3 also shows how the diameter of the holes 20 is conveniently greater than the diameter of the bolts 16 so as to enable differential heat expansions of the manifold 1 with respect to the cylinder head without generating excess stresses or deformations.
- the manifold 1 comprises a first pair of flanges 15 disposed at the first end 2a of the body 2, a second pair of flanges 15 disposed at a second end 2b of the body 2 and a plurality of intermediate pairs of flanges 15 disposed at the location of the respective recesses 14; the flanges of each pair are disposed on laterally opposing sides of the elongate member 2, symmetrically with respect to a median longitudinal plane ⁇ of the manifold 1.
- the portions 17 of the flanges 15 and the annular sealing surfaces 13 are disposed in two different planes; the front surfaces 21 are in particular substantially flush with the recesses 14 so as to remain spaced, in operation, from the cylinder head 10.
- the manifold 1 is mounted on the cylinder head 10 with the interposition of a sealing gasket 22 (Fig. 3) advantageously formed from a single member of sheet material clamped in operation between the annular sealing surfaces 13 and the head 10 and provided with apertures at the location of the apertures 12 of the openings 9.
- a sealing gasket 22 (Fig. 3) advantageously formed from a single member of sheet material clamped in operation between the annular sealing surfaces 13 and the head 10 and provided with apertures at the location of the apertures 12 of the openings 9.
- the head 10 comprises a plurality of inner cooling ducts 23 which are close to the walls of the head 10 bounding the exhaust ducts 11 (Fig. 3).
- the load generated by the pull of the bolts 16 on the flanges 15 is not discharged directly from the latter to the head 10 as is the case with known manifolds, but is transmitted to the elongate body 2 of the manifold 1 and from there to the annular sealing surfaces 13 of the openings 9, where there is a high and comparable specific contact pressure, thereby improving the behaviour of the component from the point of view of maintaining gas-tightness.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine.
- Exhaust manifolds for internal combustion engines comprising an elongate hollow body provided with a plurality of openings that can be connected to respective exhaust ducts obtained on the cylinder head, an exhaust outlet adapted to be connected to an exhaust duct of the vehicle, and a plurality of studs or flanges for securing the manifold to the cylinder head by means of threaded fastening members, are known.
- The openings and the fastening studs or flanges are generally bounded at the front by a common, plane support surface adapted to cooperate in a fluid-tight manner with the cylinder head via the interposition of a gasket. Moreover, the threaded fastening members are, for constructional reasons (in connection with the cylinder head) normally disposed on opposite sides of each opening.
- These known manifolds have, however, a drawback due to the fact that the contact pressure between the manifold and the cylinder head is not uniformly distributed over the contact surface, but tends to be concentrated at the location of the fastening members and to be smaller in the intermediate zones in which, as mentioned above, the openings are typically disposed. This reduction of the contact pressure may cause a loss of fluid-tightness between the openings and the cylinder head with a resultant leakage of exhaust gases.
- In order at least partially to resolve this problem, it has been attempted to bring the points at which the manifold is fastened to the cylinder head as close as possible to the openings and to increase, where possible, the number of fastening members; this entails design constraints when designing the head. As it is necessary to provide appropriate solid walls for the provision of the fastening holes of the manifold adjacent to the exhaust ducts, the cooling ducts have to be designed such that they are at least partially spaced from the exhaust ducts, with adverse effects on the cooling of the head. In addition, increasing the dimensions and number of the fastening members has adverse effects on the thermal behaviour of the manifold which undergoes a heat expansion differing from that of the cylinder head and must therefore be free to move with respect to the latter; this sliding is prevented by the friction between the two bodies which is the greater the higher the force urging the manifold towards the cylinder head with the result, therefore, that higher thermal stresses correspond to greater fastening loads.
- US 5,887,428 discloses a header wherein a plurality of pipes are welded by an extremity to corresponding holes in a plate, the welds being on the opposite side of the plate with respect to the pipes and being ground flat to define a common plane, so to connect the header to the cylinders head without the use of gaskets.
- The object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine, whose constructional characteristics make it possible to resolve the problems of the prior art in a simple and economic manner.
- This object is achieved by the present invention which relates to an exhaust manifold according to
claim 1. - Further characteristic features of the present invention are set out in detail in the following description of a non-limiting embodiment thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Fig. 1 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the manifold of the invention;
- Fig. 2 is a view of the manifold of Fig. 1 from below;
- Fig. 3 is a cross-section along the line III-III of Fig. 1, on an enlarged scale and with parts removed for clarity, of the manifold secured on a cylinder head;
-
- Fig. 1 shows an
exhaust manifold 1 for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, of which acylinder head 10 is shown partially in Fig. 3. - The
manifold 1 comprises anelongate body 2 provided with afront wall 5, twoside walls base wall 8 bounding a longitudinal cavity shown by 3 in Fig. 3. In the vicinity of afirst end 2a of thebody 2, themanifold 1 comprises anexhaust outlet 4 rigid with thebody 2 and adapted to be connected to an exhaust duct of the vehicle which is known and is not therefore shown. - The
front wall 5 is provided with a plurality ofopenings 9, communicating with the cavity 3, each of which is adapted to be connected, in operation, to arespective exhaust duct 11 obtained on the cylinder head 10 (or to a pair ofducts 11 associated with the exhaust valves of a cylinder in the case of an engine with four valves per cylinder). Theopenings 9, as shown in Fig. 2, are in particular aligned with one another and spaced along thefront wall 5 and each opening has a substantiallyrectangular aperture 12 surrounded externally by a respectiveannular sealing surface 13. Theopenings 9 are separated from one another bytransverse recesses 14 of thefront wall 5 such that theannular sealing surfaces 13 are disposed to project and form the sole support surfaces of themanifold 1 with respect to thehead 10. - A plurality of
flanges 15 for securing themanifold 1 to thecylinder head 10 bybolts 16 obtained rigidly with thebody 2 extend laterally from theside walls - The
flanges 15 each have a fastening portion 17 in the form of a circular plate, parallel to theannular sealing surfaces 13 and disposed in the vicinity of thefront wall 5, and astiffening portion 18 which rigidly connects an edge of the fastening portion 17 to thebody 2 and is substantially formed by a pair oftriangular walls 19 disposed on the sides of the portion 17. - Each of the
flanges 15 has, on the portion 17, a throughhole 20 adapted to be engaged by a respective bolt 16 (Fig. 3) for fastening themanifold 1 to thecylinder head 10. Fig. 3 also shows how the diameter of theholes 20 is conveniently greater than the diameter of thebolts 16 so as to enable differential heat expansions of themanifold 1 with respect to the cylinder head without generating excess stresses or deformations. - In further detail, the
manifold 1 comprises a first pair offlanges 15 disposed at thefirst end 2a of thebody 2, a second pair offlanges 15 disposed at asecond end 2b of thebody 2 and a plurality of intermediate pairs offlanges 15 disposed at the location of therespective recesses 14; the flanges of each pair are disposed on laterally opposing sides of theelongate member 2, symmetrically with respect to a median longitudinal plane α of themanifold 1. - The portions 17 of the
flanges 15 and theannular sealing surfaces 13 are disposed in two different planes; thefront surfaces 21 are in particular substantially flush with therecesses 14 so as to remain spaced, in operation, from thecylinder head 10. - The
manifold 1 is mounted on thecylinder head 10 with the interposition of a sealing gasket 22 (Fig. 3) advantageously formed from a single member of sheet material clamped in operation between theannular sealing surfaces 13 and thehead 10 and provided with apertures at the location of theapertures 12 of theopenings 9. - The
head 10 comprises a plurality ofinner cooling ducts 23 which are close to the walls of thehead 10 bounding the exhaust ducts 11 (Fig. 3). - It will be appreciated that, in the manifold of the invention, the load generated by the pull of the
bolts 16 on theflanges 15 is not discharged directly from the latter to thehead 10 as is the case with known manifolds, but is transmitted to theelongate body 2 of themanifold 1 and from there to theannular sealing surfaces 13 of theopenings 9, where there is a high and comparable specific contact pressure, thereby improving the behaviour of the component from the point of view of maintaining gas-tightness. - This also makes it possible to distance the fastening points of the manifold from the openings without increasing their number or dimensions, by means of a projecting arrangement of the
flanges 15; this gives greater freedom of design of thecylinder heads 10, making it possible to bring thecooling ducts 23 closer to theexhaust ducts 11 and thus to improve the cooling of thecylinder head 10. The smaller number of fastening members also makes it possible to contain the thermal stress state of the manifold. - It is evident, lastly, that modifications and variations that do not depart from the scope of the claims may be made to the exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine as described.
Claims (4)
- An exhaust manifold (1) for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle comprising a plurality of openings (9) adapted to be connected to respective exhaust ducts (11) obtained on a cylinder head (10) of the engine and comprising respective annular sealing surfaces (13) adapted to cooperate in a fluid-tight manner with the cylinder head (10) about respective exhaust ducts, an exhaust outlet (4) adapted to be connected to an exhaust duct of the vehicle, and a plurality of flanges (15) for securing the manifold (1) to the cylinder head (10) via respective threaded members (16), the annular surfaces (13) being disposed to project with respect to the flanges (15) such that these flanges (15) are spaced, in operation, from the cylinder head (10), the manifold (1) comprises an elongate body (2) having a front wall (5) and two side walls (6, 7), the annular surfaces (13) being provided on the front wall (5) and separated from one another by recesses (14) of this front wall (5), characterised in that the flanges (15) extending laterally in a projecting manner from the side walls (6, 7).
- A manifold as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the flanges (15) comprise a plate fastening portion (17) parallel to the annular surfaces (13) and disposed in the vicinity of the front wall (5) and a stiffening portion (18) rigidly connecting an edge of the fastening portion (17) to a respective side wall (6, 7) of the elongate body (2).
- A manifold as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the portions (17) for fastening the flanges (15) have respective holes (20) engaged with radial play by the respective fastening members (16).
- A manifold as claimed in claim 1or 2, characterised in that it comprises a first pair of flanges (15) disposed at a first end of the elongate body (2), a second pair of flanges (15) disposed at a second end of the elongate body (2) and a plurality of intermediate flanges (15) disposed at the location of the respective recesses (14), the flanges (15) of each pair being disposed on laterally opposing sides of the elongate member (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT2000TO000309A IT1320006B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2000-03-31 | EXHAUST MANIFOLD FOR AN ENDOTHERMAL ENGINE. |
ITTO000309 | 2000-03-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1143122A1 EP1143122A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
EP1143122B1 true EP1143122B1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
Family
ID=11457639
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01107925A Expired - Lifetime EP1143122B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-03-28 | Exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1143122B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE291157T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60109341T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2237505T3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1320006B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08100638A (en) | 1994-09-29 | 1996-04-16 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Catalytic activation control device for fuel cylinder injection engine |
DE19514020A1 (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-10-17 | Daimler Benz Ag | Exhaust manifold, in particular for an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, and method for its production |
JPH10110618A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Yutaka Giken Co Ltd | Mounting structure of exhaust manifold |
US5887428A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1999-03-30 | Garisto; Anthony | Gasket-less header for internal combustion engines |
JP3348659B2 (en) | 1998-02-13 | 2002-11-20 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | In-cylinder injection internal combustion engine |
-
2000
- 2000-03-31 IT IT2000TO000309A patent/IT1320006B1/en active
-
2001
- 2001-03-28 EP EP01107925A patent/EP1143122B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 ES ES01107925T patent/ES2237505T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 DE DE60109341T patent/DE60109341T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 AT AT01107925T patent/ATE291157T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60109341T2 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
ES2237505T3 (en) | 2005-08-01 |
IT1320006B1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
ATE291157T1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
DE60109341D1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
ITTO20000309A0 (en) | 2000-03-31 |
ITTO20000309A1 (en) | 2001-10-01 |
EP1143122A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
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